講者簡介

在人文社會科學界享有極高聲譽的裴新（Cindy Patton）教授是國際執牛耳的愛滋與健康研究專家，目前執教於加拿大 Simon Fraser 大學社會學與人類學系，其研究領域涵蓋了全球健康、文化研究、歐陸理論、社會運動理論、性別研究、酷兒研究、媒體研究、批判混合研究方法。她的專書著作包括：Inventing AIDS ( 1990 ), Last Served? Gendering the HIV Pandemic ( 1994 ), Fatal Advice ( 1996 ), Queer Diasporas ( 與Benigno Sanchez-Eppler合編, 2000 ), Globalizing AIDS ( 2002 ), Cinematic Identity ( 2007 ), Global Science/Women's Health ( 與Helen Loshn合編, 2008 ), Rebirth of the Clinic: Places and Agents in Contemporary Health Care ( 編, 2010 )。她晚近的研究關注美國男、女同志健康的歷史，目前正進行循證醫學、臨床決策與生命倫理的專書寫作。裴新教授投身性／別、愛滋、健康社會運動逾三十年，近年更在其任教大學創設以社區健康為研究重點的「健康研究與方法訓練」（Health Research & Methods Training Facility）中心，培訓學生及從業人員以批判、跨學科、敏感回應社群需求的創新質性研究方法來進行健康促進、方案評估、醫療照護服務分析。
今年秋季，裴新教授將於中央大學英文系黃道明副教授開設的「愛滋的文化政治」研究所課程中，進行為期五週的「生命倫理學縱觀」系列講座。她將以醫療歷史與人文社會分析為視角，帶領學生檢視臨床實踐的道德根基，並針對愛滋相關議題（包括研究、疫苗、篩檢、治療、安全性行為、住屋、諮商等），探問傳統模式的倫理分析能否確切掌握當代臨床醫療與性／別身體交織之複雜性，從而對社會流行病學、臨床決策、研究倫理與公衛倫理提出批判挑戰。「愛滋的文化政治」（中、英雙語授課）將納入台聯大亞際文化研究國際學程，供碩、博士班學生選修。裴新教授系列講座（英語授課，參見以下的課程進度）對外開放，每講的後半部將進行引領式的分組討論，把所學概念應用於現實世界發生的問題（由學生舉之）。歡迎對生命倫理與愛滋議題有興趣的學生、愛滋工作者、醫護從業人員與社會人士前來聽講。

講座相關研讀材料請來信向顏同學索取 email: a86866631@gmail.com

課前閱讀準備

View Lectures 1-9 from‘Bioethics: Introduction’http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/bioethics-introduction

This will acquaint students with the main theories underlying bioethics, as well several common arguments used within public debates about bioethics.

In addition, please read these essays：
  • Turner, Leigh ( 2009 )‘Bioethics and Social Studies of Medicine: Overlapping Concerns’, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics  18 ( 1 ) : 36-42.
  • Sherwin, Sue ( 2001 ) ‘Moral Perception and Global Visions’, Bioethics  15 ( 3 ) : 175-188.
  • Pigg, Stacy ( 2013 ) ‘On sitting and doing: Ethnography as action in global health,” Social Science & Medicine  99 : 127-134.
  • Neuman, Mark D. and Charles L. Bosk ( 2012 ) ‘What We Talk about When We Talk about Risk: Refining Surgery's Hazards in Medical Thought’, Milbank Quarterly  90 ( 1 ) : 135–159.

10月30日 (Lecture One): Overview, Review, Practice-Lecture Title: What Good is Bio-Ethics?

History of medical ethics and the emergence of bioethics. Is ethics “good” or it is “a good”? For whom? What role do the social sciences, history, and literature have in providing a context for ethics? What ethical issues arise in the research/critical practices of social scientists, historians, and literary critics? Outline of the major problems to be discussed in subsequent lectures. Presentation of a relationship method for analyzing ethical problems. If time permits, small group work analyzing specific bioethical problems.

11月06日 (Lecture Two): Diagnosis

The 20th century witnessed several revolutions in diagnosis, in part, a result of an intensifying belief in the relationship between discrete causal agents and disease. “Venereal” diseases were more rigorously defined as diseases (primarily on the skin) that resulted from the transmission of specific agents. In an interesting convergence of civil rights activism and professionalization of sexual health care, the new gay health movement (1970s) lobbied with government for increased funding to develop diagnostic tests, and at the same time, worked closely with bathhouse owners and local public health nurses to establish mobile, gay-controlled VD clinics. This week we will explore how these competing factors laid the groundwork for mass HIV testing and at the same time, for civil rights activism related to those who tested positive for HIV.

Readings：

  • Rosenberg, Charles E ( 2002 ) ‘The Tyranny of Diagnosis: Specific Entities and Individual Experience’,The Milbank Quarterly 80 ( 2 )： 237-260.

  • Heywood, M.J ( 2005 ) ‘The Routine Offer of HIV Counseling and Testing: A Human Right,” Health and Human Rights 8 ( 2 )： 13-19.
  • Yeatman, Sara E ( 2007 ) ‘Ethical and Public Health Considerations in HIV Counseling and Testing: Policy Implications’, Studies in Family Planning 38 ( 4 )： 271-278.
  • Wahlert, Lance and Autumn Fiester ( 2011 ) ‘The Re-Queering of HIV Testing Practices and the Reinforcement of Stigma’, American Journal of Bioethics 11 ( 4 )： 41-43.

11月13日 (Lecture Three): Treatments, Vaccines, and Drug Research

This week we consider the web of relationships entailed through individual’s and communities’ yearning for treatments, commercial science, and global public health policy. We will consider how clinical trials are structured, reviewed, as well as the meaning of “drugs” for different people, given the intensification of the idea of “treatment as prevention” with HIV. Because of the pandemic of Ebola, which was originally identified in Africa at the same time as HIV, we will also discuss the similarities and differences between the two diseases and their research life course.

Readings：

  • Biehl, Joao ( 2007 )‘Pharmaceuticalization: AIDS Treatment and Global Health Politics’, Anthropological Quarterly, 80 ( 4 )： 1083-1126
  • Petryna, Adriana ( 2005 )‘Ethical Variability: Drug Development and Globalizing Clinical Trials’, American Ethnologist, 32 ( 2 )： 183-197

11月20日 (Lecture Four): Evidence and Clinical Practice

This week we will consider the rise of “evidence.” How do current validated research paradigms handle questions of, on one hand, intimate dimensions of the clinic, and, on the other, structural forces. We examine in particular the rise of randomized controlled trial to decide which practice modalities are best in a range of social practices like housing, provision of counseling support, etc. We will consider whether randomized trials, in and of themselves, constitute a meta-ethical breach.

Readings：

  • Braude, Hillel ( 2009 ) ‘Clinical Intuition Versus Statistics: Different Modes of Tacit Knowledge in Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine’, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 30 ( 3 )：181–198.
  • Rajaraman, Divya and Natasha Palmer ( 2008 ) ‘Changing Roles and Responses of Health Care Workers in HIV Treatment and Care’, Tropical Medicine and International Health 13 ( 11 )： 1357–1363.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • Emanuel, EJ and Miller FG ( 2001 ) ‘The Ethics of Placebo-controlled Trials--a Middle-Ground’, N Engl J Med 345 ( 12 )： 915-919.
  • Read relevant sections: Methodological Challenges in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials, Stephen W. Lagakos and Alicia R. Gable, Editors, Committee on the Methodological Challenges in HIV Prevention Trials,
    free download：http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12056.html

11月27日 (Lecture Five): Virtue in Postmodernity?

This final week will draw together the questions and lessons of the past four lectures, asking in particular whether there is a place for a new kind of “virtue ethics” in postmodernity, particularly in light of the decline of the nation state and the challenges to meta-national bodies like the World Health Organization. Given that humans share biological vulnerabilities that transcend geopolitical boundaries and regional ecological differences, how might we learn to co-inhabit our planet?

Readings：

  • Hottois, Gilbert ( 2000 ) ‘A Philosophical and Critical Analysis of the European Convention of Bioethics’, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 25 ( 2 )： 133-146.
  • ‘Guide to Good Clinical Practice, Vol. 10, Issue 5, February 2003’ ( Lawyer for plaintiff in pharmaceutical research cases )
  • Review ‘Fogarty Programs’

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