| 名家 |
說法 |
讀者 |
| Plato |
[Rhetoric] is the "art of enchanting the soul." (The art of winning the soul by discourse.) |
Amy |
| Aristotle |
Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion." |
Sherry |
| Francis Bacon |
The duty and office of rhetoric is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. |
Karen |
| George Campbell |
"[Rhetoric] is that art or talent by which discourse is adapted to its end. The four ends of discourse are to enlighten the understanding, please the imagination, move the passion, and influence the will." |
Amanda |
| I. A. Richards |
Rhetoric is the study of misunderstandings and their remedies. |
Grace |
| Kenneth Burke |
"The most characteristic concern of rhetoric [is] the manipulation of men's beliefs for political ends....the basic function of rhetoric [is] the use of words by human agents to form attitudes or to induce actions in other human agents." |
Sunny |
| George Kennedy |
Rhetoric in the most general sense may perhaps be identified with the energy inherent in communication: the emotional energy that impels the speaker to speak, the physical energy expanded in the utterance, the energy level coded in the message, and the energy experienced by the recipient in decoding the message. |
Claudia |
| Lloyd Bitzer |
"...rhetoric is a mode of altering reality, not by the direct application of energy to objects, but by the creation of discourse which changes reality through the mediation of thought and action." |
Faro |
| Douglas Ehninger |
"[Rhetoric is] that discipline which studies all of the ways in which men may influence each other's thinking and behavior through the strategic use of symbols." |
Rex |
| Gerard A. Hauser |
"Rhetoric is an instrumental use of language. One person engages another person in an exchange of symbols to accomplish some goal. It is not communication for communication's sake. Rhetoric is communication that attempts to coordinate social action. For this reason, rhetorical communication is explicitly pragmatic. Its goal is to influence human choices on specific matters that require immediate attention." |
Jason |
| John Locke |
"[Rhetoric,] that powerful instrument of error and deceit." |
Danny |
| Charles Bazerman |
"The study of how people use language and other symbols to realize human goals and carry out human activities...ultimately a practical study offering people great control over their symbolic activity." |
Jack |
| Alfred North Whitehead |
"The creation of the world -- said Plato -- is the victory of persuasion over force. The worth of men consists in their liability to persuasion." |
Bruce |
| Richard E. Vatz |
"This [is the] sine qua non of rhetoric: the art of linguistically or symbolically creating salience. After salience is created, the situation must be translated into meaning.「 (Philosophy and Rhetoric, 1973) |
Elly |