\u3010\u6587\/\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b78\u4eba\u6587\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u3000 \u9673\u6d69\u6587 \/ \u9676\u9ece\u5bf6\u83ef\u3011
\n\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u3000\u8a00
\n\u672c\u6587\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u5b89\u6392\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u6b64\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u6216\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u51c6\u8a31\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\u800c\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\uff08genetic in-vitro fertilization surrogacy\uff0c\u5373\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u5375\u5b50\u4f86\u81ea\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u7cbe\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u4ee3\u6bcd\u9ad4\u5916\u9032\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u7acb\u5834
\n\u5f9e\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u904e\u53bb\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8349\u6848\u53ca\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d1e\u898b\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7522\u5b50\u7684\u7acb\u5834.\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b78\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u3014\u79d1\u59d4\u6703\u3015\uff09\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u8207\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5169\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u66f8\uff08\u898b\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c1993\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u7684\u7236 FACE=”\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4” LANG=”ZH-TW”>\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u81e8\u6642\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u81e8\u6642\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40)\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e03\u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u689d\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u6b78\u7d0d\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n1.\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u5b89\u6392\u3002
\n2.\u5bb9\u8a31\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\u800c\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u3002
\n3.\u6bcd\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4ee5\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f5c\u57fa\u790e\u3002
\n4.\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\uff08unenforceable\uff09\u3002
\n\u8d0a\u6210\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\uff08\u8a3b\u4e00\uff09–\u300c\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u64da\u300d
\n\u96d6\u7136\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u51fa\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u82f1\u570b\u7684Warnock\uff081984\uff09\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u7406\u64da\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u540c\u610f\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u5617\u8a66\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u64da\u3002
\n\u8d0a\u6210\u300c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7522\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u592b\u5a66\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u5152\u5973\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08Robertson 1983\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5c0a\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u61c9\u5e72\u6d89\u500b\u4eba\u63a1\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u9ad4\u73fe\u7e41\u6b96\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u552f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08Libertarians\uff09\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u50b7\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba\u6216\u4fb5\u72af\u5225\u4eba\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4ec7\u50b7\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba\u6216\u4fb5\u72af\u5225\u4eba\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7686\u64c1\u6709\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a02\u7acb\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u5951\u7d04\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u6d89\u9019\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u3002
\n\u552f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u76e3\u7ba1\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9075\u5b88\u5951\u7d04\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u6642\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ef2\u88c1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9055\u7d04\u8005\u5c65\u884c\u627f\u8afe\u6216\u4f5c\u8ce0\u511f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8a02\u7acb\u7684\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u7684\uff08(enforceable\uff09\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5951\u7d04\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u660e\u5404\u65b9\u6240\u9700\u8981\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u60f3\u9055\u7d04\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5c65\u884c\u8cac\u4efb\u4ea6\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5982\u59d4\u8a17\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7522\u5b50\u7684\u592b\u5a66\u4e0d\u60f3\u9818\u990a\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u6703\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u597d\u8655\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u4e0d\u6b32\u7e7c\u7e8c\u61f7\u5b55\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u5979\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u4ea6\u672a\u5fc5\u6703\u4f7f\u5979\u7528\u5fc3\u7167\u9867\u80ce\u5152\uff08Tong, 1990\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4f5c\u8ce0\u511f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5979\u4e0d\u60f3\u7e7c\u7e8c\u61f7\u5b55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u751f\u8a08\u88ab\u8feb\u52c9\u5f37\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u5979\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8ce0\u511f\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u62b5\u511f\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u5982\u9858\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002\u5047\u82e5\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u4e0d\u60f3\u9818\u56de\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u9818\u990a\u4e00\u500b\u5979\u539f\u4f86\u4e0d\u60f3\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u91d1\u9322\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u511f\u5979\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u55ce\uff1f\uff08Tong, 1990\uff09\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u91d1\u9322\u624d\u61f7\u5b55\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u4fdd\u8a3c\u5979\u6703\u6709\u611b\u5fc3\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u80ce\u5152\u548c\u4e0d\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u5371\u5bb3\u80ce\u5152\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\n\u300c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7522\u5b50\u300d\u4ea6\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u53cd\u601d\u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u6bcd\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8d0a\u6210\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee3\u6bcd\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u63d0\u4f9b\u61f7\u5b55\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5976\u5abd\u6216\u7167\u9867\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u5bb6\u52d9\u52a9\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5979\u5011\u57f7\u884c\u4e86\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8077\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\uff08Robertson, 1983\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u5b69\u5b50\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u9700\u8981\u754c\u5b9a\u61f7\u5b55\u5a66\u4eba\u662f\u751f\u4e0b\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8a72\u5a66\u4eba\u8207\u5b30\u5152\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5728\u61f7\u5b55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5df1\u7d93\u8207\u5b30\u5152\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u598a\u5a20\u5f8c\u5979\u662f\u5373\u6642\u5728\u5b30\u5152\u8eab\u908a\uff0c\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u4ea6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u78ba\u5b9a\u548c\u8fa8\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u4ea6\u80fd\u70ba\u525b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u63d0\u4f9b\u7167\u9867\uff08Tong, 1990\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u7136\u6bcd\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b30\u5152\u8a95\u751f\u5373\u6642\u78ba\u5b9a\u8ab0\u6709\u7167\u9867\u5b83\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u61f7\u5b55\u6642\u671f\u5b55\u5a66\u8207\u80ce\u5152\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5979\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u5148\u8207\u5b30\u5152\u5efa\u7acb\u7dca\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b55\u5a66\u4ea6\u61c9\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u5976\u5abd\u8207\u5bb6\u52d9\u52a9\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6bcd\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2\u78ba\u7acb\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5979\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5354\u52a9\u6bcd\u89aa\u64ab\u990a\u5176\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u8207\u5976\u5abd\u6216\u5bb6\u52d9\u52a9\u7406\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6709\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5225\u3002\u300c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u70ba\u59d4\u8a17\u5979\u53d7\u5b55\u7684\u592b\u5a66\u63d0\u4f9b\u61f7\u5b55\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u5728\u61f7\u5b55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b55\u5a66\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u5df2\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u5979\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u5546\u696d\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u628a\u751f\u4e0b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7576\u6210\u5546\u54c1\u9032\u884c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u3002
\n\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u51c6\u8a31\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\u800c\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u8d0a\u6210\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u2014\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ad6\u64da\u300d
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u51c6\u8a31\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\u800c\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ad6\u64da\u300d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u64da\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b50\u5973\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u592b\u5a66\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u8981\u5118\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5118\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4fdd\u6301\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5b55\u5a66\u8207\u5b30\u5152\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53d7\u5230\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea6\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6bcd\u89aa\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5951\u7d04\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89f8\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5951\u7d04\u5f37\u8feb\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u653e\u68c4\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u5f37\u8feb\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7236\u6bcd\u3002\u4ee5\u5951\u7d04\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5ead\u502b\u7406\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u516d\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7121\u6b0a\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u80b2\u592b\u5a66\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u63a1\u7528\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u63a1\u7528\u4e08\u592b\u7cbe\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u6388\u7cbe\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u914d\u5b50\uff08gametes\uff09\u9032\u884c\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u9019\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u6350\u51fa\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u6216\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u4ee4\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u51fa\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u5c0d\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u61c9\u8a72\u6e1b\u81f3\u5ead\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u61c9\u8a72\u6e1b\u81f3\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u5225\u4eba\u6350\u51fa\u5375\u5b50\u6216\u7cbe\u5b50\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u592b\u5a66\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8981\u5c0d\u6350\u51fa\u914d\u5b50\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u500b\u5b30\u5152\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u6210\u5b55\u7684\u3002\u793e\u6703\u4ea6\u9808\u8a02\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u5b9a\u628a\u5b30\u5152\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u624d\u662f\u90a3\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u662f\u8a72\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u7236\u89aa\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u80b2\u592b\u5a66\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6cd5\u61f7\u5b55\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c0b\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ee3\u70ba\u61f7\u5b55\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u53c8\u600e\u6a23\u5462\uff1f\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u70ba\u8457\u5118\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u80b2\u592b\u5a66\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u6709\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u6709\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b89\u6392\u628a\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6e1b\u81f3\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u8207\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u6c92\u6709\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u90a3\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
\n\u81f3\u65bc\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\uff08enforceable\uff09\u5462\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5df2\u7d93\u56e0\u70ba\u61f7\u5b55\u800c\u5148\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ee3\u6bcd\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u68c4\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5152\u5973\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u672a\u5a5a\u5abd\u5abd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5152\u5973\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6309\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee3\u6bcd\u540c\u610f\u65bc\u598a\u5a20\u5f8c\u4ea4\u51fa\u5b30\u5152\u7d66\u59d4\u8a17\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u5979\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5bec\u9650\u671f\u5bb9\u8a31\u5979\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u4f57\u8b8a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u4ea6\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u8003\u616e\u653e\u68c4\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u7533\u8acb\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002(Capron & Radin, 1988) \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\u4ea6\u63a1\u7d0d\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u8207\u5951\u7d04\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u3001\u55ae\u8eab\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u975e\u5a5a\u7537\u5973\u5747\u61c9\u8a72\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u800c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e94\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5df2\u5a5a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u4ea6\u61c9\u662f\u5df2\u5a5a\u5973\u58eb\u548c\u5f97\u5230\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u540c\u610f\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u5225\u4eba\u61f7\u5b55\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4e0d\u9f13\u5439\u672a\u5a5a\u61f7\u5b55\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0a\u524d\u63d0\u516d\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u6700\u7d42\u80fd\u5426\u8207\u61c9\u5426\u5be6\u73fe\u61c9\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u4ee3\u6bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64c1\u6709\u751f\u4e0b\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u548c\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u5176\u4ea4\u7d66\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4ea6\u53ef\u4e0d\u5411\u4ee3\u6bcd\u9818\u990a\u8a72\u540d\u5b30\u5152\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0d\u6703\u5e72\u6d89\u9019\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u96d6\u7136\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u7d0d\u4e86\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\uff08unenforceable\uff09\u548c\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u696d\u6027\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u5169\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u610f\u5b8c\u5168\u675c\u7d55\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u8349\u6848\u53ea\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u9032\u884c(\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u689d)\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08genetic in-vitro fertilization surrogacy\uff09\u4e0d\u5c6c\u9055\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u660e\u986f\u5730\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u5728\u5c0d\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d50\u69cb\u7522\u751f\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u8207\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ad6\u64da\u300d\u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u7b46\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ad6\u64da\u300d\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u7570\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u8ad6\u64da\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u5c0d\u5404\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
\n\u7576\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u798f\u7949\uff08well-being\uff09\u69cb\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u6642\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u81ea\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u6548\u529b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u884c\u4f7f\u751f\u80b2\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u9032\u4e0d\u80b2\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u884c\u4f7f\u9019\u9805\u6b0a\u529b\u6703\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u69cb\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6b0a\u529b\u4fbf\u5931\u53bb\u6548\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u7576\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u8655\u65bc\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u6b0a\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ad6\u64da\u300d\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ea6\u5931\u53bb\u6548\u529b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u8207\u7b2c\u516d\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u5747\u5931\u53bb\u6548\u529b\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u6703\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9632\u6b62\u50b7\u5bb3\u8ad6\u64da\u300d\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u61c9\u8a72\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u5b89\u6392\u3002
\n\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u4e2d\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5b89\u6392\u53ea\u63a1\u7528\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u9ad4\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u800c\u4ee4\u4ee3\u6bcd\u6210\u5b55\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5b89\u6392\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u63a1\u7528\u6350\u7cbe\u6216\u6350\u5375\u670d\u52d9\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0d\u80b2\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u907f\u514d\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u51fa\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6350\u7cbe\u8207\u6350\u5375\u670d\u52d9\u628a\u6350\u51fa\u914d\u5b50\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u6350\u51fa\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u6210\u5b55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u8ffd\u8a8d\u751a\u9ebc\u89aa\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u537b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5728\u61f7\u5b55\u904e\u7a0b\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u5b30\u5152\u5efa\u7acb\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8a8d\u8b58\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\uff0c\u4ea6\u77e5\u9053\u8ab0\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u66ff\u4eba\u751f\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee3\u6bcd\u540c\u610f\u4ea4\u51fa\u5b30\u5152\u7d66\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ea6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f8c\u6094\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u62cb\u68c4\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5152\u5973\uff0c\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5152\u5973\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u60f3\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u7dad\u6301\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee4\u5230\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u548c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e0d\u55ae\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5230\u5404\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u65e5\u5f8c\u5b69\u5b50\u9577\u5927\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53d7\u5230\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7684\u6ecb\u64fe\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u975e\u5546\u696d\u6027\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89c0\u5ff5\u6216\u5f62\u8c61\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u6bcd\u7684\u907a\u68c4\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u689d\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u5bb9\u8a31\u6709\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u6642\u628a\u53c3\u8207\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u6c92\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u8655\u5883\u88cf\u3002
\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u5b30\u5152\u51fa\u751f\u5f8c\u516d\u500b\u6708\u5167\u4ee3\u6bcd\u6709\u6b0a\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u4ea4\u51fa\u5b30\u5152\u7d66\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u3002\u4ee3\u6bcd\u4ea6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4fbf\u60f3\u5e0c\u671b\u96b1\u779e\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u53bb\u9a19\u53d6\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u914d\u5b50\u4f86\u4ee4\u81ea\u5df1\u61f7\u5b55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6309\u8349\u6848\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u5411\u4ee3\u6bcd\u7d22\u56de\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8349\u6848\u5217\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u4ea6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u65bc\u5b30\u5152\u51fa\u751f\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u7533\u8acb\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\u4ee5\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bcd\u89aa\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u60f3\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u4e0b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u4fbf\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u9858\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6210\u70ba\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u9818\u56de\u90a3\u5b69\u5b50\uff1b\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u990a\u5927\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u653e\u68c4\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7f72\u8a17\u7ba1\uff0c\u5f85\u4eba\u9818\u990a\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ee3\u6bcd\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u52c9\u5f37\u990a\u5927\u5b69\u5b50\u8207\u62cb\u68c4\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u5979\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\u548c\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u53ca\u4ee3\u6bcd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u975e\u5f37\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ee3\u6bcd\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ea6\u5c0d\u4ee3\u6bcd\u505a\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u7d66\u59d4\u8a17\u592b\u5a66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5979\u5b8c\u5168\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5979\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4ea6\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u9621\u5f8c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u6709\u6094\u610f\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u5979\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6253\u64ca\u4ea6\u6703\u6975\u5927\u3002
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u689d\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u628a\u53c3\u8207\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u4eba\u58eb\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5b89\u6392\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5747\u7121\u6cd5\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u51fa\u73fe\u9019\u7a2e\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u548c\u61f7\u5b55\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u6bcd\u89aa\u5b50\u5973\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u9019\u5169\u5927\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u4f7f\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u51fa\u73fe\u722d\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u5ead\u7121\u6cd5\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u907f\u514d\u4ee3\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u9078\u64c7\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u4ee3\u6bcd\u61f7\u5b55\u3002
\n\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee\uff1a
\n\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u81e8\u6642\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff081996\uff09\u300c\u751f\u6b96\u79d1\u6280\u689d\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u8aee\u8a62\u6587\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u3002
\n\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\uff081993\uff09\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6700\u5f8c\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u8aee\u8a62\u6587\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u5370\u52d9\u5c40\u3002
\nAnderson, Elizabeth S. (1990) “Is Women’s Labor a Commodity?”, in Tom Bea uchamp & LeRoy Walters (eds.) Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (4th edition).Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.
\nCapron, Alexander Morgan & Radin, Margaret Jane (1988) “Choosing Family Law over Contract Law as a Paradigm for Surrogate Mothermood”, in Tom L. Beauchamp & LeRoy Walters (eds.) Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (4th edition). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.
\nKrimmel, Herbert T. (1983) “The Case Against Surrogate Parenting”,in Thomas A. Mappes & Jane S. Zembaty (eds.) Biomedical Ethics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986.
\nRobertson, John A. (1983) “Surrogate Mothers: Not So Novel After All”, in Thomas A. Mappes & Jane S. Zembaty (eds.) Biomedical Ethics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986.
\nTong, Rosemarie (1990) “The Overdue Death of a Feminist Chameleon:Taking a Stand on Surrogacy Arrangements”, in Kenneth D. Alpern (ed.) The Ethics of Reproductive Technology. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
\nWarnock, Mary (1984) A Question of Life. New York: Basil Blackwell Ltd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n