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[67]<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u6df1\u6316\uff0c\u652f\u6490\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u6b0a\u5229\u5d1b\u8d77\u8207\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u6709\u6beb\u7121\u6b77\u53f2\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u541b\u4e3b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u767c\u865f\u65bd\u4ee4\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\u548c\u8a18\u8f09\u7d93\u6fdf\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u300d[68]\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u6027\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6027\u7684\u8aa4\u5340\u5f9e\u800c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6027\u7684\u795e\u79d8\uff1b\u907f\u5b55\u3001\u58ae\u80ce\u3001\u4ee3\u5b55\u6280\u8853\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u5a66\u5973\uff0c\u4f7f\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u70ba\u751f\u80b2\u800c\u53ea\u70ba\u5feb\u6a02\u800c\u70ba\u3002\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u901a\u8a0a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u6280\u8853\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u6d3b\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u5e36\u52d5\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u5f88\u96e3\u518d\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u90a3\u6a23\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u9055\u898f\u7684\u6027\u591a\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u7a2e\u9055\u898f\u884c\u70ba\u8b8a\u5f97\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u5f9e\u800c\u878d\u5165\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9055\u898f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u898f\u5247\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9019\u7a2e\u9055\u898f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5c0d\u5a5a\u524d\u3001\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5bec\u5bb9\u548c\u9ed8\u8a8d\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>* \u672c\u6587\u70ba2006\u5e74\u5ea6\u570b\u5bb6\u54f2\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u57fa\u91d1\u9752\u5e74\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u6279\u51c6\u865f\uff1a06CFX003\uff09\u2014\u2014\u300c\u6027\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u6027\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>** \u674e\u64c1\u8ecd\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u3001\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6cd5\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u5c08\u696d\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c361\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2] [\u6cd5]\u798f\u67ef\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7d93\u9a57\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4f58\u78a7\u5e73\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c3\u30014\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u53c3\u898b\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c53\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u53c3\u898b\u8ac7\u5927\u6b63\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u6587\u5316\u8207\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c1-4\u9801\u300126\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[5] [\u82f1]\u5fb7\u65af\u8499\u5fb7\u2027\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u88f8\u733f\u300b\uff0c\u5289\u6587\u69ae\u8b6f\uff0c\u6587\u532f\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c71\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[6] [\u7f8e]\u83ab\u723e\u9813\u2027\u4ea8\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u60c5\u611b\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8d99\u8e8d\u3001\u674e\u5efa\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c429\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[7] [\u5fb7]\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u2027\u5085\u514b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u6b50\u6d32\u98a8\u5316\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6642\u4ee3\u300b\uff0c\u8d99\u6c38\u7a46\u3001\u5f90\u5b8f\u6cbb\u8b6f\uff0c\u907c\u5be7\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c202\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[8] [\u7f8e]\u83ab\u723e\u9813\u2027\u4ea8\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u60c5\u611b\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8d99\u8e8d\u3001\u674e\u5efa\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c426\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[9] [\u7f8e]\u5766\u5a1c\u5e0c\u723e\uff1a\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u7ae5\u4ec1\u8b6f\uff0c\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u5831\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u7248\uff0c377\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c19\u3001366-367\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u65bc\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5747\u53c3\u898b[\u7f8e]\u5f35\u54f2\u745e\u806f\u5408\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u7de8\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c7-18\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[12] \u856d\u6995\u4e3b\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u6cd5\u5178\u9078\u7de8\u2027\u5211\u6cd5\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cd5\u88fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c65\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[13]\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u79c0\u6e05\uff1a\u300a\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u99282005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c207-208\u9801\uff1b\u5f35\u4e2d\u79cb\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u5978\u7f6a\u8ff0\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b1987\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[14][\u7f8e]\u83ab\u723e\u9813\u2027\u4ea8\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u60c5\u611b\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8d99\u8e8d\u3001\u674e\u5efa\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c298-299\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[15]\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c392\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[16] \u6309\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5df2\u5a5a\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u540c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u914d\u5076\u7684\u4eba\u767c\u751f\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8b02\u4e4b\u901a\u59e6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u914d\u5076\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u540c\u6709\u914d\u5076\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u767c\u751f\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8b02\u81ea\u79c1\u5978\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u901a\u59e6\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u5132\u69d0\u690d\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u300b(\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248)\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c195-196\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[17] \u6839\u64da\u4e00\u9805\u8fd1\u5e74\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u7537\u751f\u4e2d94%\u548c\u5973\u751f\u4e2d80%\u6709\u5a5a\u524d\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u64da\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u7d04\u572830-36%\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5927\u7d04\u572840-50%\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2027\u798f\u67ef\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c98\u3001103\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[18]\u5132\u69d0\u690d\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u300b(\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248)\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[19] \u300a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u9ec3\u98a8\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c158\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[20] \u53c3\u898b\u300a\u5fb7\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u4e45\u751f\u3001\u838a\u656c\u83ef\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u65b9\u6b63\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u5e8f\u8a00\u7b2c19\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[21] [\u65e5]\u7267\u91ce\u82f1\u4e00\uff1a\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5211\u6cd5\u901a\u7fa9\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u627f\u6fa4\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c174\u9801\u3001\u9ede\u6821\u8005\u5e8f\u7b2c4\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[22] \u300a\u5967\u5730\u5229\u806f\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u4e45\u751f\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u65b9\u6b63\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c79\u9801<\/p>\n<p>[23] \u53c3\u898b\u8ac7\u5927\u6b63\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u6587\u5316\u8207\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c153\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[24]\u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c220\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[25] [\u7f8e]\u6ce2\u65af\u7d0d\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u8207\u7406\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8607\u529b\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c76\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[26]\u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c325\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[27]\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2027\u798f\u67ef\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c104-105\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[28] \u6b64\u8655\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c387-388\u9801\uff1b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2027\u798f\u67ef\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c92\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[29] \u5f17\u6797\u5275\u8fa6\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u8272\u60c5\u520a\u7269\u300a\u76ae\u689d\u5ba2\u300b\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e00\u8209\u6210\u540d\uff0c\u7d93\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u8272\u60c5\u696d\u7684\u5927\u4ea8\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u61b2\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u53c3\u898b[\u7f8e]\u5f35\u54f2\u745e\u806f\u5408\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u7de8\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c49-51\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[30] \u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c382-385\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[31] [\u7f8e]\u6ce2\u65af\u7d0d\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u8207\u7406\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8607\u529b\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c73-74\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[32] \u53c3\u898b\u5289\u9054\u81e8\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e971999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c393-394\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[33]\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2027\u798f\u67ef\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c146-150\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[34]\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u628a\u7cbe\u6db2\u5c04\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5634\u88e1\uff0c\u61c9\u5224\u82e6\u4fee\u4e09\u5e74\uff1b\u82e5\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u6210\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u52247\u5e74\u3002\u300d\uff1b\u5169\u4f8b\u809b\u4ea4\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4f8b\u88ab\u522410\u5e74\u82e6\u4fee\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5217\u88ab\u522415\u5e74\u300216\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u6703\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u6709\u8655\u6b7b\u6216\u71d2\u6b7b\u53cd\u5e38\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c 321\u3001379\u9801\uff1b[\u7f8e]\u4f0a\u9e97\u838e\u767d\u2027\u8cf4\u65af\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u6027\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u694a\u5fb7\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c14-45\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[35] 20\u4e16\u7d0090\u5e74\u4ee3\u9762\u81e8\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u9084\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u4e0d\u9700\u4ea4\u63db\u9ad4\u6db2\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u6027\u966a\u4f34\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u6170\u3001\u96fb\u50b3\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u300c\u8650\u6200\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2022\u798f\u67ef\u8207\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c212\u9801\uff1b\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u9280\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u8650\u6200\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u53cb\u8abc\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f82002\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[36] \u300a\u632a\u5a01\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u99ac\u677e\u5efa\u8b6f\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[37] [\u7f8e]\u6ce2\u65af\u7d0d\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u8207\u7406\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8607\u529b\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c74\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[38] [\u7f8e]\u5766\u5a1c\u5e0c\u723e\uff1a\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u7ae5\u4ec1\u8b6f\uff0c\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u5831\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c455\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[39] [\u6cd5]\u55ac\u6cbb\u2022\u7dad\u52a0\u840a\u6d1b\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5f35\u68ee\u5bec\u8b6f\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u6587\u85dd\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c63\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[40]\u90b1\u7389\u6885\u3001\u9673\u5982\u6625\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5f37\u59e6\u7f6a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u6cb3\u5357\u653f\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u5e79\u90e8\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c123\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[41] [\u7f8e]\u83ab\u723e\u9813\u2027\u4ea8\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u60c5\u611b\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8d99\u8e8d\u3001\u674e\u5efa\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c412\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[42] [\u7f8e]\u502b\u90a3\u5fb7D\u2022\u585e\u5a01\u7279\u8332\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u6fa4\u5ee3\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0c\u6b66\u6f22\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c17-18\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[43]\u5f35\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u5916\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u7db1\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c520\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[44] \u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u7ff1\u3001\u694a\u5f69\u971e\uff1a\u300a\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u8eab\u6b0a\u5229\u6700\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u516c\u5b89\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c141\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[45] \u53c3\u898b\u300a\u5fb7\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u4e45\u751f\u3001\u838a\u656c\u83ef\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u65b9\u6b63\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c93\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[46] \u90b1\u7389\u6885\u3001\u9673\u5982\u6625\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5f37\u59e6\u7f6a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u6cb3\u5357\u653f\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u5e79\u90e8\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c124\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[47] \u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u7ff1\u3001\u694a\u5f69\u971e\uff1a\u300a\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u8eab\u6b0a\u5229\u6700\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u516c\u5b89\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c142\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[48] [\u82f1]\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u3001\u970d\u6839\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u674e\u8cb4\u65b9\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c513\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[49] [\u7f8e]J\u2022\u7f85\u65af\u2022\u57c3\u4ec0\u723e\u66fc\uff1a\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c0e\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u6f58\u5141\u5eb7\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c407\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[50] \u300a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u806f\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u4e45\u751f\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c119\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[51] \u53c3\u898b\u5180\u7965\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u5a5a\u5167\u5f37\u59e6\u554f\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c78\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[52] \u8f49\u5f15\u81ea\u5b89\u7ff1\u3001\u694a\u5f69\u971e\uff1a\u300a\u4fb5\u72af\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u8eab\u6b0a\u5229\u6700\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u516c\u5b89\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c147\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[53] [\u7f8e]\u54c8\u91cc\u2022D\u2022\u683c\u52de\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c147-148\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[54] [\u82f1]\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u3001\u970d\u6839\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u8cb4\u65b9\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c513\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[55] \u53c3\u898b\u5180\u7965\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u5a5a\u5167\u5f37\u59e6\u554f\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c72\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[56]\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u5fb7\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u4e45\u751f\u3001\u838a\u656c\u83ef\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u65b9\u6b63\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c93\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[57] 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Rights\uff09\u3002\u300a\u6027\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4ee5\u300a\u5df4\u502b\u897f\u4e9e\u6027\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u70ba\u5e95\u672c\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6027\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u898f\u5b9a\u4e86\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u79c1\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u516c\u5e73\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u5feb\u6a02\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u8868\u9054\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u7d50\u5408\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e4b\u751f\u80b2\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\u3001\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u8abf\u67e5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6b0a\u3001\u5168\u9762\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u6b0a\u3001\u6027\u4fdd\u5065\u6b0a\u7b4911\u9805\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u6027\u6b0a\u4e43\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u666e\u4e16\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002\u300d\u53c3\u898b\u8d99\u5408\u4fca\uff1a\u300a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u6027\u6b0a\u5229\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u5f90\u986f\u660e\u4e3b\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u6771\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c217\u3001239\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[67] 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