\u3010\u5b6b\u5da0\u671b\u2027\u570b\u7acb\u967d\u660e\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3011<\/p>\n
\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u679c<\/b><\/p>\n
\u96d6\u7136\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u985e\u65c5\u904a\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5922\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9084\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u843d\u5f8c\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u6253\u958b\u751f\u7269\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u555f\u59cb\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u5375\u7d30\u80de\u7d50\u5408\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u500b\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375 (fertilized egg)\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u5316\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u80da\u80ce (embryo)\uff0c\u80da\u80ce\u5728\u6bcd\u9ad4\u5167\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6210\u9577\u53ca\u767c\u80b2\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5065\u5eb7\u80ce\u5152 (fetus) \u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u5716\u8b5c\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u842c\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8fa8\u8a8d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9032\u5c55\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u5c0d\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u907a\u50b3\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9810\u9632\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u7642\u6cbb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u7684\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u77ad\u89e3\u6216\u89e3\u91cbDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2dATCG\u6392\u5217\u7d44\u5408\u6240\u96b1\u85cf\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1997\u5e74\u201d\u6843\u8389\u7f8a\u201d\u8907\u88fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u6df1\u9060\u4e0d\u50c5\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u50b3\u7d71\u7cbe\u5375\u7d50\u5408\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u760b\u72c2\u8907\u88fd\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5230\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u725b\u96bb\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u90fd\u5728\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5a92\u9ad4\u8a87\u5927\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u6559\u80b2\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u547d\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u63a2\u7a76\u7adf\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d7\u5230\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5275\u9020\u842c\u7269\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ffd\u6c42\u9752\u6625\u6c38\u99d0\u53ca\u9577\u751f\u4e0d\u8001\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u71c3\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u7dda\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8907\u88fd\u4eba\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u5c07\u52d5\u6416\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u50f9\u503c\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u906d\u5230\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u7e3d\u7d71\u4eca\u5e74\u5ba3\u4f48\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (human stem cells) \u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c07\u5f71\u97ff\u672a\u4f86\u5341\u5e74\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u5927\u8086\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u795e\u5947\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff1f\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5012\u5e95\u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\uff1f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4f55\u8655\uff1f\u5b83\u5176\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u9580\u4f86\u4e00\u63a2\u7a76\u7adf\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7c21\u4ecb<\/b><\/p>\n
\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7f8e\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u7d04\u7ff0\u970d\u6d66\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5409\u723e\u54c8\u7279(John D. Gearhart)\u53ca\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u6559\u6388(James Thomson)\uff0c\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u5e95\u5206\u5225\u5ba3\u5e03\u9996\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u4e26\u57f9\u80b2\u4eba\u985e\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7531\u6b64\u6feb\u89f4\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u8ac7\u8ac7\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201d\u5177\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u6f5b\u80fd\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u201d(Pluripotent Stem Cells)\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u5851\u6027\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (Multipotent Stem Cells)\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201d\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u201d(Stem Cells)\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7fa4\u672a\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u7570\u6027\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (Embryonic Stem Cells)\uff0c\u6dcb\u5df4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (Lymphoid stem cells)\u6216\u662f\u9aa8\u9ad3\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (Myeloid stem cells)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u70ba\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6f5b\u80fd\u4e5f\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u6545\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u201d\u5177\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u6f5b\u80fd\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u7570\u6027\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5247\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u201d\u591a\u5851\u6027\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u201d\u3002\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u8907\u88fd\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u672c\u8eab\u5916\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4e5f\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u57f9\u990a\u4e26\u5206\u5316\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u9aa8\u9abc\u7d30\u80de (Bone Marrow Stromal Cells)\u3001\u6dcb\u5df4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u9aa8\u9ad3\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff1b\u800c\u6dcb\u5df4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70baT\u7d30\u80de (T-cells)\u8207B\u7d30\u80de (B-cells)\uff1b\u800c\u9aa8\u9ad3\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u8840\u7d05\u7d30\u80de (RBC)\u3001\u8840\u5c0f\u677f (Platelets)\u3001\u55dc\u4e2d\u6027\u7d30\u80de (Neutrophil)\u3001\u55dc\u9178\u6027\u7d30\u80de (Eosinophil)\u3001\u55dc\u9e7c\u6027\u7d30\u80de (Basophil)\u3001\u5de8\u5927\u7d30\u80de (Mast Cells)\u53ca\u5de8\u566c\u7d30\u80de (Macrophages)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5df2\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6c7d\u8eca\u884c\u99db\u65bc\u55ae\u884c\u9053\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6062\u5fa9\u70ba\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6e96\u5099\u4e00\u76e4\u4eba\u985e\u80da\u80ce\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u5982\u201d\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u8acb\u6559\u5c08\u5bb6\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8a8d\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d30\u80de\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u7121\u7279\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u5e79\u7d30\u80de?\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u751f\u9577\u5206\u88c2\u6578\u4ee3\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u505c\u6b62\u4e26\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4f86\u81ea\u672a\u5206\u5316\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u9032\u884c\u751f\u9577\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u7fa4\u7d30\u80de\u9010\u6f38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u537b\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4e00\u6216\u4e8c\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u84ec\u52c3\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u8981\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u731c\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u5c31\u662f\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4e0d\u65b7\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u751f\u9577\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u57f9\u990a\u4e26\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u58fd\u547d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f80\u5f80\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u4ee3\u751f\u9577\u5206\u88c2\u5f8c\u65e2\u9010\u6f38\u505c\u6b62\u4e26\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9577\u751f\u4e0d\u8001\u7279\u6027\u5c0d\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u81e8\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7642\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u4ee4\u4eba\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u61c9\u7528<\/b><\/p>\n
\u56de\u9867\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u555f\u59cb\u65bc\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (murine embryonic stem cells) \u5728\u516b0\u5e74\u4ee3\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6fc0\u8d77\u79d1\u5b78\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5e79\u7d30\u80de (human stem cells) \u7a4d\u6975\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc3.5\u5929 (dpc days post coitus) \u80da\u80ce\u56ca (blastocyst) \u7684\u5167\u819c\u7d30\u80de (inn cell mass)\uff0c\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u6642\u9593\u70ba16\u500b\u7d30\u80de(morula)\u5206\u88c2\u7522\u751f32\u500b\u7d30\u80de(blastocyst & trophectoderm formed)\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5c31\u662f3.5\u5929\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5341\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u5e7e\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u57f9\u990a\u9019\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u5206\u5316\u6f5b\u80fd\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u9069\u91cf\u7684\u8377\u723e\u8499 (hormones)\u3001\u751f\u9577\u6fc0\u7d20(growth factors & cytokines) \u53ca\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u5916\u7684\u5206\u5316 (in vitro differentiation)\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57f9\u80b2\u6210\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9aa8\u9ad3\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u8840\u7d05\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u7b49\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u6587\u737b\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\u5ba3\u4f48\uff0c\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u6700\u5177\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5df2\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5b83\u80fd\u6cbb\u7642\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u75c5\u75be\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9019\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u7d93\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u81e8\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53bb\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u5927\u91cf\u57f9\u990a\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u79fb\u690d\u7d66\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c7\u75c5\u60a3\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u60a3\u6709\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c7\uff0c\u4ea8\u4e01\u9813\u75c7\u548c\u5c0f\u8166\u840e\u7e2e\u75c7\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5c0f\u8166\u6d77\u99ac\u9ad4\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u840e\u7e2e\u9000\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u66fe\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5ba3\u7a31\u57f9\u990a\u4e26\u79fb\u690d\u8c6c\u7684\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u800c\u6539\u5584\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c7\u72c0\uff1b\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6709\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u885b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662 (NIH) \u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\u4eba\u9ad4\u6cbb\u7642\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u9ad4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u9000\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u8a72\u9805\u8a08\u5283\u56e0\u672a\u9054\u9810\u671f\u6548\u679c\u800c\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u91dd\u5c0d\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u7684Dr. Steven Goldman\uff0c\u81ea\u4eba\u9ad4\u5c0f\u8166\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u57f9\u990a\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6210\u679c\u9810\u671f\u5c07\u53ef\u6539\u5584\u4ee5\u524d\u5229\u7528\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u5206\u5316\u7684\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9664\u53ef\u4ee3\u66ff\u75c5\u60a3\u840e\u7e2e\u9000\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5f97\u77e5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u671b\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u85e5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u80fd\u9054\u9810\u671f\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u671b\u5229\u7528\u60a3\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u57f9\u990a\u5206\u5316\u518d\u79fb\u690d\u56de\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u9ad4\u5167\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u6cbb\u7652\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u8b93\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c7\u75c5\u60a3\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u7d72\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\u5728\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u9818\u57df\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u5206\u5316\u70ba\u9ad4\u5167\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u81ea\u88fd\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8b58\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5011\u4fbf\u80fd\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e2d\u57f9\u990a\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u53ef\u88fd\u9020\u6240\u6709\u7528\u4f86\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u500b\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7814\u7a76\u88fd\u9020\u4eba\u9ad4\u9aa8\u9abc\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u3001\u8840\u7ba1\u3001\u773c\u89d2\u819c\u53ca\u809d\u81df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u88fd\u9020\u9aa8\u9abc\u7d30\u80de\u5df2\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u91ab\u7642\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u53ca\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c07\u4f7f\u7121\u6578\u6025\u9700\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u5668\u5b98\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u53d7\u60e0\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u91cd\u5927\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5403\u85e5\u3001\u6253\u91dd\u53ca\u958b\u5200\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u88fd\u75c5\u60a3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u5668\u5b98\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5922\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\u57f9\u990a\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4e26\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5316(in vitro differentiation)\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u53ca\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53ca\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u73fe\u5b30\u5152\u767c\u80b2\u7f3a\u9677\u8207\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ca\u8a3a\u65b7\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u540c\u6642\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u5011\u5229\u7528\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u5254\u9664 (DNA homologous recombination ) \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u8a72\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u57fa\u56e0\u5254\u9664\u5c0f\u9f20\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u77ad\u89e3\u7834\u58de\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u5f8c\u5c0d\u5c0f\u9f20\u767c\u80b2\u3001\u751f\u7406\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u62fc\u6e4a\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u9f20\u57fa\u56e0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9010\u6f38\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u985e\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u842c\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5c07\u53ef\u671b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u8b0e\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5c0f\u9f20\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u6210\u529f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5c0f\u9f20\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u80da\u80ce\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u70ba\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6f5b\u80fd\u4e5f\u6700\u9ad8\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u6240\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6f5b\u80fd\u9060\u4e0d\u53ca\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff1b\u800c\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6f5b\u80fd\u4e5f\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u8001\u5e74\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u7576\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u767c\u751f\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u9020\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u79fb\u8f49\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8907\u88fd\u4e00\u500b\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u80da\u80ce\uff0c\u5c07\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5f9e\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u518d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u690d\u5165\u9810\u5148\u62bd\u53bb\u6838\u7684\u5375\u7d30\u80de (\u53bb\u6838\u5375\u7d30\u80de)\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e26\u690d\u5165\u5b55\u6bcd\u7684\u8f38\u5375\u7ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5b50\u5bae\u5167\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u80da\u80ce\u56ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u53d6\u51fa\u80da\u80ce\u56ca\u4e26\u5f9e\u5167\u819c\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u3002
\n\u5b30\u5152\u81cd\u5e36\u8840\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5229\u7528\u7576\u5e74\u6240\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b30\u5152\u81cd\u5e36\u8840\uff0c\u633d\u6551\u60a3\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u75c5\u7ae5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u70ba\u61c9\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u81cd\u5e36\u8840\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u9010\u6f38\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u65b0\u751f\u5b30\u5152\u81cd\u5e36\u8840\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u662f\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
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