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\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4ee5\u666e\u6cd5\u8b80\u672c\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u624b\u518a\u3001\u5831\u544a\u6587\u5b78\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u5f9e\u9a5a\u8a1d\u4e0d\u89e3\u5230\u6df1\u60e1\u75db\u7d55\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u7232\u7576\u6642\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5920\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5931\u8a9e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u65bc\u300a\u95dc\u65bc\u7981\u6bd2\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300b\u9812\u4f48\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e26\u57281992\u5e74\u30011993\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u95dc\u65bc\u7981\u6bd2\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300b\u7232\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8ad6\u8457\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5211\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u517c\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u9069\u7528\u548c\u4e2d\u5916\u5211\u4e8b\u7acb\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u6851\u7d05\u83ef\u8457\u300a\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u300b\uff08\u8b66\u5b98\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e1992\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3001\u6b50\u967d\u6fe4\u3001\u9673\u6fa4\u61b2\u4e3b\u7de8\u300a\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u5c0d\u7b56\u300b\uff08\u7fa4\u8846\u51fa\u7248\u793e1992\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3001\u8d99\u9577\u9752\u4e3b\u7de8\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7981\u6bd2\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\u793e1993\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3001\u8d99\u79c9\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7de8\u300a\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1993\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3001\u96f2\u5357\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u7de8\u300a\u61f2\u6cbb\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1993\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\u300197\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u570d\u7e5e\u65b0\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u5230\u570b\u52d9\u9662\u65b0\u805e\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba42000\u5e746\u670827\u65e5\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u7981\u6bd2\u300b\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\u9812\u4f48\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u9ede\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

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1,\u57fa\u672c\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n

(1)\u898f\u7bc4\u7814\u7a76\u7bc4\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff082\uff09\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u7bc4\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

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1\u3001 \u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u8da3<\/p>\n

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2\u3001 \u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5728\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n

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\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\u9019\u7a2e\u7814\u7a76\u8996\u89d2\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u2022\u8c9d\u502b\u79d1(Stevenr.\uff22elenko)\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd2\u54c1\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u6587\u737b\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u683c\u6797\u4f0d\u5fb7\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u4e2d\u8b6f\u672c\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u8996\u89d2,\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u898f\u907f\u4e86\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u50be\u5411,\u5f9e\u800c\u958b\u5275\u6027\u5730\u5f9e\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u51fa\u767c\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002[3]<\/p>\n

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1\u3001 \u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u4f4d<\/p>\n

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2\u3001 \u7981\u6bd2\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7dad\u8b77\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5408\u4f5c<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u65bc\u9818\u4e8b\u88c1\u5224\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u8acb\u6c42\u5354\u52a9\u7ddd\u6355\uff0c\u79df\u754c\u7576\u5c40\u5f80\u5f80\u62d2\u7d55\u5f15\u6e21\uff0c\u79df\u754c\u9042\u6210\u7232\u8ca9\u6bd2\u5206\u5b50\u907f\u91cd\u5c31\u8f15\u4e4b\u6240\u3002\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9577\u738b\u6b63\u5ef7\u66fe\u6709\u201c\u56e0\u5916\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u4eab\u6709\u9818\u4e8b\u88c1\u5224\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u884c\u7159\u7981\u4e0d\u4fbf\u201d\u4e4b\u611f\u6168[6] (p25-29)\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u689d\u7d04\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5c0d\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7981\u7159\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u201d\u3002[7] (p9-18)\u99ac\u5bc5\u521d\u63d0\u51fa,\u8981\u675c\u7d55\uff08\u9d09\u7247\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u6bd2\u54c1\uff09\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u6839\u64da\u6b77\u6b21\u95dc\u65bc\u7981\u7159\u7de0\u7d04\uff0c\u548c\u5404\u570b\u56b4\u91cd\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u570b\u5167\u8a8d\u771f\u65bd\u7981\uff0c\u559a\u8d77\u570b\u969b\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u675c\u7d55\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\uff0c\u4fee\u660e\u5167\u653f\u548c\u56b4\u6b63\u5916\u4ea4\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u9032\u3002[8](p33-38)<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u7981\u6bd2\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f<\/p>\n

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3\u3001 \u7981\u6bd2\u4e2d\u653f\u5e9c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n

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4\u3001 \u7981\u6bd2\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027<\/p>\n

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5\u3001 \u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u7684\u77ef\u6cbb<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u201c\u793e\u6703\u5236\u88c1\u201d<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u6f22\u6c11\u5728\u300a\u7981\u7159\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5236\u88c1\u300b[7]\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8ac7\u5230\u7981\u7159\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u793e\u6703\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5438\u6bd2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u7981\u7159\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u55ae\u9760\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u9084\u8981\u8f14\u4f50\u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u8457\u5168\u6548\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff082\uff09\u201c\u56db\u7981\u4e26\u8209\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5340\u5225\u201d<\/p>\n

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[\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b]<\/p>\n

[1]\u6881\u5553\u8d85.\u5b78\u8207\u8853[A]. \u6881\u5553\u8d85.\u98f2\u51b0\u5ba4\u5408\u96c6(\u7b2c3\u518a)[C].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c1989.<\/p>\n

[2]\u767d\u5efa\u8ecd.\u95dc\u4fc2\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78[M]\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n

[3]\u5f35\u52c7\u5b89.\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd2\u54c1\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u6587\u737b\u53f2\u300b\u8ff0\u8a55[J].\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c2004\uff083\uff09.<\/p>\n

[4]\u8607\u529b.\u8a9e\u5883\u8ad6\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9032\u8def\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5.\u4e2d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b78\uff0c2000\uff081\uff09.<\/p>\n

[5]\u6731\u52c7.\u4e2d\u570b\u6cd5\u5236\u901a\u53f2\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5377(\u6e05\u672b\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b).\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/p>\n

[6]\u738b\u6b63\u5ef7.\u9d09\u7247\u8207\u5916\u4ea4\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2[A].\u7981\u7159\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10[C].\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u57f7\u884c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5ba3\u50b3\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5370\uff0c1935.<\/p>\n

[7]\u80e1\u6f22\u6c11.\u7981\u7159\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5236\u88c1[A].\u4e2d\u83ef\u570b\u6c11\u62d2\u6bd2\u6703.\u300a\u53cd\u5c0d\u9d09\u7247\u516c\u8ce3\u8a00\u8ad6\u96c6\u300b[C]\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u83ef\u570b\u6c11\u62d2\u6bd2\u6703,1931.<\/p>\n

[8]\u99ac\u5bc5\u521d.\u7981\u7159\u8ac7[A].\u7981\u7159\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10[C].\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u57f7\u884c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5ba3\u50b3\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5370\uff0c1935.<\/p>\n

[9]\u674e\u4ef2\u516c.\u7981\u653f\u554f\u984c[A].\u99ac\u6a21\u8c9e.\u4e2d\u570b\u7981\u6bd2\u53f2\u8cc7\u6599[C]. \u5929\u6d25:\u5929\u6d25\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1998.<\/p>\n

[10]\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71.\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5168\u96c6(\u7b2c11\u5377)[M],\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986.<\/p>\n

[11]\u738b\u5bf5\u60e0.\u53f8\u6cd5\u8207\u7981\u7159[A].\u7981\u7159\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10[C].\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u57f7\u884c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5ba3\u50b3\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5370,1935.<\/p>\n

[12]\u891a\u6c11\u8abc.\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f86\u5277\u9664\u9d09\u7247[A].\u7981\u7159\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10[C].\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u57f7\u884c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5ba3\u50b3\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5370,1935.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u767c\u8868\u4e8e\u83ef\u6771\u653f\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u4e3b\u8fa6\u300a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1a\u891a\u5bb8\u8238\uff081977\u2014\uff09\uff0c\u7537\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u6c7e\u967d\u4eba\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u6587\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u6cd5\u653f\u7cfb\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u897f\u5357\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7232\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u6cd5\u5b78\u3002email: chengechu@yahoo.com.cn<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u91d1\u5c08\u6848\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u897f\u5b89\u6587\u7406\u5b78\u96622002\u5e74\u79d1\u7814\u8cc7\u52a9\u5c08\u6848\u201c\u897f\u5317\u5730\u5340\u6bd2\u54c1\u9055\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u9019\u88cf\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6307\u5ee3\u7fa9\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5373\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

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