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\u90b1\u58eb\u6770<\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

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\u2500\u2500\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u5982\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0d\u9810\u671f\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5275\u9020\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5433\u6c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u65c1\u896f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u628a\u91cd\u9ede\u64fa\u5728\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8ad6\u8ff0\u300d\u9000\u5834\u3001\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8ad6\u8ff0\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6587\u5316\u300d\u767b\u53f0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u2500\u2500\u56e0\u70ba\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u8ad6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u62ff\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u9019\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5efa\u69cb\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7834\u7dbb\u767e\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u8ad6\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u6539\u9020\u8ad6\u722d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5354\u5de6\u53f3\u5206\u88c2<\/b><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6aa2\u8a0e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u5c0d\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u8ad6\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u8aa4\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u7684\u300c\u95e1\u8ff0\u300d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc1923\u5e74\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u8b70\u6703\u8207\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u89e3\u653e\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5171\u9ee8\u54e1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u5f80\u8607\u806f\u7559\u5b78\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u57281923\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u57281924\u5e74\u300a\u5e73\u5e73\u65ec\u520a\u300b\u8207\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6a5f\u95dc\u8a8c\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8ad6\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8ad6\u540c\u6642\u5f97\u5230\u77bf\u79cb\u767d\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002\uff09[3]<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u9ede\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7528\u300c\u570b\u5167\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u66ff\u4ee3\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6642\u76f4\u9762\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6c11\u5c1a\u672a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6709\u591a\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e26\u5b58\u5cf6\u5167\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u53f0\u51711931\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u5c07\u5cf6\u5167\u65cf\u7fa4\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u7c4d\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u53f0\u5171\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u8607\u65b0\uff081907-1981\uff0c\u65e5\u5171\u3001\u53f0\u5171\u3001\u4e2d\u5171\u9ee8\u54e1\uff0c\u81fa\u76df\u5275\u76df\u6210\u54e1\u3001\u5168\u570b\u653f\u5354\u59d4\u54e1\uff09\u5c0d\u65bc1928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6f22\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u9ad8\u5c71\u65cf\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u3002\u96d6\u71361928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u78ba\u5be6\u628a\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u83ef\u5357\u6f22\u6c11\u65cf\u79fb\u6c11\u300c\u6e21\u53f0\u7d50\u6210\u300d\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6f22\u79fb\u6c11\u628a\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u300c\u8543\u4eba\u300d\uff09\u8d95\u5230\u6df1\u5c71\u88e1\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u9019\u4efd\u7db1\u9818\u5340\u5225\u4e86\u8ab0\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u8005\u8ab0\u4e0d\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u5cf6\u5167\u65cf\u7fa4\u591a\u5143\u96dc\u5c45\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u6f22\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u6210\u70ba\u7dda\u6027\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6f22\u6c11\u65cf\u5f97\u5230\u6558\u8ff0\uff1b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u88ab\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4e0d\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u3002[4]<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7528\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u4ee3\u66ff\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u53e3\u865f\uff0c[5]\u5247\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u756b\u6e05\u754c\u7dda\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u4ea6\u5982\u8607\u65b0\u6240\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u300c\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u300f\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u63a8\u6572\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u5b57\u7fa9\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u88ab\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c11\u65cf\u53eb\u505a\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300f\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff081931\uff09\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u7db1\u9818\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u628a\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u300f\u6539\u70ba\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7acb\u300f\uff0c\u522a\u53bb\u300e\u6c11\u65cf\u300f\u4e8c\u5b57\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u300f\uff0c\u5b57\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u505a\u4e8c\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\uff1a\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u300f\u7684\u300e\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u300f\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\uff1a\u300e\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u300f\u7684\u300e\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u300f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88e1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u2026\u2026\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300e\u7368\u7acb\u300f\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6307\u300e\u812b\u96e2\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u300f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u70ba\u300e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u300f\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u9769\u547d\u9b25\u722d\u90fd\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u91dd\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u300d\uff08\u8607\u65b0, 1993\uff1a\u9801264\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u81f3\u65bc\u7528\u300c\u5de5\u8fb2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c08\u653f\u7684\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u66ff\u4ee3\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u5b9a\u5c08\u653f\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53f0\u5171\u7406\u8ad6\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u66f4\u901a\u904e\u300c\u5de5\u8fb2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c08\u653f\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u8207\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u83ef\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u300d\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[6]\u8607\u65b0\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u4e5f\u78ba\u5be6\u5411\u53f0\u7063\u5404\u5de6\u6d3e\u5718\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u9078\u8209\u4ee3\u8868\u53c3\u8207\u300c\u4e00\u8607\u5927\u300d\u7684\u5efa\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5cf6\u5167\u6700\u7d42\u672a\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u884c\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53f2\u5be6\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u4e0d\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002[7]<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u5c0f\u7d50<\/b><\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u968e\u7d1a\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u5f8c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c11\u898b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u53ca\u5176\u5e73\u793e\u6642\u671f\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u5011\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u5e73\u793e\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97d3\u570b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5169\u5cb8\u9752\u5e74\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u5927\u91d7\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u628a\u4e2d\u570b\u898f\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6c11\u65cf\u3002[8]\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u8996\u70ba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u6027\u7e2e\u9650\u5728\u4e00\u300c\u570b\u300d\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u300c\u300e\u793e\u6703\u300f\uff08\u968e\u7d1a\/\u5206\u914d\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u65b7\u7d55\u4e86\u968e\u7d1a\u6027\u6c11\u65cf\u89c0\u8207\u570b\u969b\u9023\u5e36\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u8ac7\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ac7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5de6\u7ffc\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u6709\u570b\u969b\u9023\u5e36\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5957\u53e5Duara\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u300c\u6240\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8de8\u570b\u754c\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u300d\uff08Duara, 2009\uff1a\u980111\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u8ce4\u6c11\u300d\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u300c\u8ce4\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u7409\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u4ed6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u4e0d\u8de8\u754c\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u5f9e\u53bb\u5e74\u53cd\u5a92\u9ad4\u58df\u65b7\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u4f86\u64da\u8aaa\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u53cd\u5e1d\u300d\u4e43\u81f3\u300c\u652f\u6301\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u53ea\u8b93\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u53f0\u7063\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b1b\u8a71\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u8a31\u8afe\u53c8\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u8f15\u5de7\u8207\u5ec9\u50f9\u7684\u5cf6\u5dbc\u3002\u2500\u2500\u6216\u8a31\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u771f\u7684\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8de8\u570b\u754c\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u66f4\u76f8\u4fe1\u662f\u8de8\u570b\u754c\u5230\u5b89\u4fdd\u689d\u7d04\u6240\u7e6b\u8d77\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u7f8e\u8ecd\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a71\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u6240\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u968e\u7d1a\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u4ee5\u300c\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u70ba\u4e2d\u4ecb\u800c\u6240\u6b32\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u3002\u6158\u906d\u300c\u96b1\u6c92\u300d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6b63\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u60b2\u5287\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4e26\u7d42\u65bc\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u5287\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n

[1] Tetitskii \uff082010\uff09\u6240\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u53f0\u7063\u6a94\u6848\u8b49\u5be6\uff1a\u9577\u671f\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4ee3\u8868\u5f6d\u69ae\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u8eab\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u5f3c\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u5f80\u6240\u50b3\u8aaa\u7684\u5f6d\u6e43\u6216\u77bf\u79cb\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n

[2] \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53f0\u51711928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u95dc\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u81ea\u65e5\u5171\u70ba\u9019\u4efd\u7db1\u9818\u6240\u8349\u64ec\u7684\u6bcd\u672c\uff0c\u3008\u653f\u6cbb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bc\u8349\u6848\u3009\uff08\u5c71\u8fba\u5065\u592a\u90ce, 1971\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u65e5\u5171\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6e90\u8003\u616e\u9032\u4f86\u3002\u4f46\u53c8\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u4efd\u7db1\u9818\u6700\u7d42\u662f\u5728\u53f0\u5171\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u5f3c\u6642\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u78ba\u5be6\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u53f0\u5171\u6beb\u7121\u53cd\u601d\u5730\u5c07\u65e5\u5171\u8349\u6848\u7167\u55ae\u5168\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] \u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u65bc\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ff1\u4f86\u81ea\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\uff082007\u30012009\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53e6\u8a3b\u3002<\/p>\n

[4] \u73fe\u77e5\u7684\u81fa\u5171\u6a94\u6848\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u53f0\u5171\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9664\u4e861928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c1930\u5e74\u65b0\u64ec\u7684\u81fa\u5171\u3008\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u7db1\u8349\u6848\u3009\uff08\u4e0d\u665a\u65bc1930\u5e746\u6708\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u63d0\u5230\u8981\u6d3e\u540c\u5fd7\u5230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6276\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9ee8\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u6b64\u3002\u9727\u793e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff081930\u5e7410\u6708\uff09\u7684\u7206\u767c\u8b93\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5347\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u5171\u9ee8\u5167\u8def\u7dda\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u6a94\u6848\u53ef\u898b\uff1a\u3008\u8b1d\u6c0f\u963f\u5973\u8c6b\u5be9\u5ead\u30cb\u65bc\u30b1\u30eb\u4f9b\u8ff0\u8981\u65e8\u3009\uff08\u53f0\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u52d9\u5c40, 1939\uff1a\u9801686-687\uff09\uff0c\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0449\u043a\u0438\u0439 \uff082005\uff1a377, 439, 543, 524\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[5] \u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c1928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u4e5f\u6709\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u898b\u3002\u7e3d\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u9084\u662f\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u65cf\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b641931\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u628a1928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u88e1\u7684\u5169\u500b\u300c\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u6b78\u4f75\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n

[6] \u95dc\u65bc\u53f0\u51711928\u5e74\u7db1\u9818\u5728\u5c08\u653f\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\uff082010b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[7] \u95dc\u65bc\u53f0\u5171\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u53c3\u8207\u4e2d\u83ef\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5efa\u570b\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\uff082010b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[8] \u53c3\u898bMeisner \uff081989\uff1a\u9801204-205\uff09\u5c0d\u674e\u5927\u91d7\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb5\u5f15\u66f8\u76ee\uff08\u62fc\u97f3\u5e8f\uff09\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n

Duara, Prasenjit. \uff082009\uff09\u3002\u300a\u5f9e\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u62ef\u6551\u6b77\u53f2 : \u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a71\u8a9e\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u738b\u61b2\u660e\u8b6f\uff09\u3002\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u8607\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n

Meisner, Maurice. \uff081989\uff09\u3002\u300a\u674e\u5927\u91d7\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08\u8b1d\u852d\u660e\u8b6f\uff09\u3002\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u9ee8\u53f2\u8cc7\u6599\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\uff082007\uff09\u3002\u3008\u5f9e\u3008\u9ece\u660e\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u3009\u8d70\u5411\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u6539\u9020\u8ad6\u300d\u2014\u2014\u7531\u8a31\u4e43\u660c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7d93\u6b77\u770b\u5169\u5cb8\u8b8a\u9769\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u8ad6\u722d\uff081923-1927\uff09\u3009\u3002\u300a\u53f2\u7e79\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c35\u671f\uff08\u81fa\u5317\uff09\uff0c\u980169-140\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2500\u2500\u2500\uff082009\uff09\u3002\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u300b\u3002\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u6d77\u5cfd\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2500\u2500\u2500\uff082010a\uff09\u3002\u3008\u300a\u81fa\u7063\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\uff081924-1932\uff09\u300b\u82e5\u5e72\u8003\u8a02\u4e4b\u8fa8\u6790\u2500\u2500\u4ee5\u7fc1\u6fa4\u751f\u65b0\u898b\u9038\u6587\u3008\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9435\u8e44\u4e0b\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u3009\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3009\u3002\u300a\u53f2\u539f\u300b\u5fa9\u520a\u7b2c1\u671f[\u7e3d\u7b2c22\u671f]\uff08\u81fa\u5317\uff09\uff0c\u9801259-292\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2500\u2500\u2500\uff082010b\uff09\u3002\u3008\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\uff081930-1931\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u82cf\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u5cb8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7edf\u4e00\u8bba\u201d\u8c08\u8d77\u3009\u3002\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc\uff1a\u91cd\u6176\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u81fa\u7063\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u58c7\u2014\u2014\u81fa\u7063\u5149\u5fa9\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u5468\u5e74\u66a8\u6297\u6230\u53f2\u5be6\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u6797\u6b63\u4e08\uff081983\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6297\u65e5\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff08\u6771\u4eac\uff1a\u7814\u6587\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1983\uff09\uff0c277\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c71\u8fba\u5065\u592a\u90ce\uff08\u7de8\uff09\u3002\uff081971\uff09\u3002\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u300b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u6771\u4eac\uff1a\u307f\u3059\u305a\u66f8\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8607\u65b0\u3002\uff081993\uff09\u3002\u3008\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u53f0\u7368\u300d\u554f\u984c\uff081980.5.5\uff09\u3009\u3002\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u6c0f\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u672a\u6b78\u7684\u53f0\u5171\u9b25\u9b42\u300b\uff08\u9801258-304\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6642\u5831\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u4f01\u696d\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n

Tetitskii, K. M., & Belogurova, A. E.\uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff082010\uff09\u3002\u300a\u81fa\u7063\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\uff1a\uff081924-1932\uff09\u784f\u7a76\u3001\u6a94\u6848\u300b\uff08\u674e\u96a8\u5b89\u8207\u9673\u9032\u76db\u8b6f\uff09\u3002\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u784f\u7a76\u9662\u81fa\u7063\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n

\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0449\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041a. \u041c. , & \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u042d. (Eds.). \uff082005\uff09. \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d (1924-1932\u0433\u0433.).<\/i> Moscow: AST, Vostok-Zapad.<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u52d9\u5c40\uff08\u7de8\uff09\u3002\uff081939\uff09\u3002\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\uff0e\u9818\u53f0\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u6cbb\u5b89\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08\u4e2d\u5377\uff09\uff0e\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u52d9\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

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