{"id":57,"date":"2007-07-21T14:41:42","date_gmt":"2007-07-21T06:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/column\/?p=57"},"modified":"2013-04-26T11:36:04","modified_gmt":"2013-04-26T03:36:04","slug":"%e8%a9%a6%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e4%ba%ba%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/column\/%e8%a9%a6%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e4%ba%ba%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a66\u7528\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u767b\u8f09\u65bc\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5f8b\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c2007\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u865f\uff0c\u980127\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u8cbc\u5728\u9019\u5152\uff0c\u8b39\u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u5411\u7d05\u6885\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u52c7\u65bc\u722d\u53d6\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u300d\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u81f4\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\n\u8a66\u7528\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u627f\u8a8d\u6b21\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb<\/p>\n<p>\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a*<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4f60\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u201cYou are an American citizen, but you are not an American.\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u96fb\u5f71\u300c\u674e\u5c0f\u9f8d\u50b3\u300d\uff08Dragon: The Bruce Lee 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civic 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9d\u5408\u61b2\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u885d\u52d5\u60f3\u628a\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8eab\u65c1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f8\u7c4d\u5168\u90fd\u6495\u6389\u4e1f\u6389\u2014\u9019\u9ebc\u660e\u986f\u96e2\u8b5c\u7684\u7455\u75b5\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u88ab\u5ba3\u544a\u5408\u61b2\uff1f\u8b80\u61b2\u6cd5\u66f8\u6240\u70ba\u4f55\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u90fd\u632b\u6298\u82e5\u65af\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u8aaa\u8eab\u70ba\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u8b1d\u7d05\u6885\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5979\u63db\u6210\u6211\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u4fe1\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u85c9\u7531\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u722d\u53d6\u6b0a\u76ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6703\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u5f31\u52e2\u65cf\u7fa4\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6b67\u8996\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a34\u8af8\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u2014\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u6709\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u61c9\u8a72\u5be6\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u516c\u5171\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u800c\u7576\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u6b67\u8996\u6642\uff0c\u88ab\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u6703\u52a0\u91cd\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u56db\u5e74\u5ba3\u544a\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u9055\u61b2\u7684Brown v. Board of Education[7]\u5224\u6c7a\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u9694\u96e2\u767d\u4eba\u8207\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u7ae5\uff0c\u6703\u5c0d\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u7ae5\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u7576\u9694\u96e2\u4f86\u81ea\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u50b7\u5bb3\u885d\u64ca\u6703\u66f4\u5927\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u627f\u8a8d\u9ed1\u4eba\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4f4e\u52a3\u3002\uff08Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group.\uff09[8]\uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8b1d\u7d05\u6885\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u4e0b\u627f\u53d7\u50b7\u5bb3\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7dda\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff08\u6216\u8a31\uff09\u7ad9\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u908a\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u3001\u5b98\u54e1\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u79c9\u6301\u61b2\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\u4f86\u99c1\u65a5\u4ed6\u5011\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u7d50\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\uff01\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\u4e4b\u5c0a\uff0c\u70ba\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80cc\u66f8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u89e3\u91cb\u6587\u8207\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u7531\u66f8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u8ad6\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8cb6\u6291\u3001\u6392\u62d2\u9019\u7fa4\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u5230\u6975\u9ede\u3002\u6211\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5145\u65a5\u6392\u5916\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5b98\u54e1\uff0c\u5f97\u610f\u5730\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5011\uff01\u300d\u7684\u5634\u81c9\u3002\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6240\u6709\u6b67\u8996\u6b78\u5316\u516c\u6c11\uff08naturalized citizens\uff09\u4e4b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u5730\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u9867\u5fcc\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b67\u8996\u5404\u5730\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u66f4\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u5730\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6b67\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7dda\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7834\u6ec5\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u8aaa\uff0c\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u7576\u300c\u5916\u4eba\u300d\u770b\u5f85\u2014\u5b8c\u5168\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5283\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\uff01\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u524d\u7684Dred Scott v. Sanford[9]\u66fe\u7d93\u5224\u6c7a\u300c\u9ed1\u5974\u53ea\u662f\u5974\u96b8\u4e3b\u4e4b\u8ca1\u7522\u300d\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u5c31\u7b97\u8a2d\u7c4d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u975e\u88d4\uff08African-Americans\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u8b80\u5230Dred Scott\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\uff1f\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u8086\u3001\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u9055\u61b2\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9019\u500b\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u516c\u5171\u8996\u91ce\u4e0a\u5176\u5be6\u975e\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79fb\u6c11\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002[10]\u4f46\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9084\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u8aaa\u670d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba3\u544a\u9055\u61b2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8cea\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u6562\u671f\u5f85\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5f88\u9032\u6b65\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u300c\u5916\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u7e3d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u300d\uff08equal citizenship\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u6b21\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6c92\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u5982\u4e0b\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u6240\u9650\u5236\u670d\u516c\u8077\u4e4b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u6a19\u6e96\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u570b\u6c11\u300d\uff08\u662f\u300c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u8a2d\u6709\u4f4f\u6240\u8207\u6236\u7c4d\u4e4b\u570b\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e94\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96a8\u6642\u5165\u5883\u5747\u7121\u9808\u8a31\u53ef\uff09\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u689d\u6587\uff0c\u5247\u5f9e\u570b\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6311\u9078\u51fa\u67d0\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u5206\u2014\u539f\u7c4d\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u8005\u2014\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\u2014\u670d\u516c\u8077\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u689d\u6587\u5728\u6587\u7fa9\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca\u300c\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7406\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\u8207\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u9593\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u7fa9\u52d9\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e4b\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u7279\u5225\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u300d\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u4e4b\u6b63\u7576\u4e8b\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u591a\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u5982\u91cb\u5b57475\u3001497\u7b49\uff09\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u6240\u70ba\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e00\u61b2\u6cd5\u7279\u5225\u6388\u6b0a\u898f\u5b9a\u70ba\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u4e8b\u7531\u3002\u5728\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u7684\u6db5\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u5ba3\u544a\u9055\u61b2\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6703\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u88c1\u91cf\u3002\u6e96\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u7cfb\u722d\u898f\u5b9a\u843d\u5165\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u7684\u5c04\u7a0b\uff0c\u5247\u5408\u61b2\u6027\u5e7e\u53ef\u4e0d\u53d7\u8cea\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u4e26\u7121\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u4e4b\u9069\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8a72\u689d\u898f\u7bc4\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5df2\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e26\u8a2d\u7c4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u300c\u539f\u300d\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u6240\u7a31\u4e4b\u300c\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u3002\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\uff09\u570b\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u300c\u982d\u5bb6\u300d\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u63a1\u4e00\u570b\u6216\u5169\u570b\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e94\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u6240\u7a31\u4e4b\u300c\u69cb\u6210\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8981\u7d20\u300d\u3002\u6545\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f5c\u70ba\u9650\u5236\u300c\u539f\u7c4d\u300d\u5927\u9678\u300c\u570b\u6c11\u300d\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e\u2014\u5176\u5df2\u5c6c\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u300c\u6b78\u5316\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u56de\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u300d\uff08national origin discrimination\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u56e0\u300c\u6b78\u5316\u300d\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u570b\u7c4d\u4e4b\u300c\u672c\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u300d\u6216\u300c\u539f\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u300d\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u6b64\u985e\u4eba\u6c11\u65e2\u5df2\u5b9a\u5c45\u8a2d\u7c4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u537b\u56e0\u5176\u300c\u539f\u7c4d\u300d\u5927\u9678\u800c\u53d7\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u81ea\u5c6c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u6b67\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7121\u8ad6\u5f9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u6216\u662f\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b78\u7406\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u90fd\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u800c\u61c9\u53d7\u6700\u56b4\u683c\u4e4b\u5be9\u67e5\u3002[11]\u6839\u64da\u6211\u570b\u5df2\u7c3d\u7f72\u4e26\u6279\u51c6\u4e4b\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300d\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u5c0d\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u7b49\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u3002[12]\u84cb\u6b64\u7b49\u4e0d\u5229\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u8207\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u7a2e\u3001\u819a\u8272\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u5f85\u9047\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5747\u57fa\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u7684\u570b\u7c4d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u81ea\u884c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\uff09\u6b67\u8996\u672c\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u786c\u751f\u751f\u5728\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u69cb\u6210\u54e1\u300d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u300c\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b78\u7406\u4e0a\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u60e1\u52a3\u6b67\u8996\u300d\uff08invidious discrimination\uff09\u6216\u300c\u53ef\u7591\u5206\u985e\u300d\u3002\uff08suspect classification\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b78\u8005\u591a\u4ea6\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u660e\u5b9a\u4e4b\u300c\u7537\u5973\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u9ee8\u6d3e\u300d\u4e94\u9805\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u4e4b\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u65e2\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u81ea\u61c9\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u63a8\u5b9a\u9055\u61b2\u300d\u4e4b\u56b4\u683c\u5be9\u67e5\u3002\u552f\u6709\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u6975\u91cd\u5927\u4e4b\u653f\u5e9c\u5229\u76ca\u300d\uff08compelling government interest\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u624b\u6bb5\u53c8\u5c6c\u300c\u5fc5\u8981\u6216\u56b4\u683c\u9650\u7e2e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u300d\uff08necessary or narrowly tailored to\uff09\u4e4b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u4e4b\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u70ba\u300c\u7dad\u8b77\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u50c5\u50c5\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u300c\u5ba3\u7a31\u300d\u8ffd\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00\u5049\u5927\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u56b4\u683c\u5be9\u67e5\u57fa\u6e96\u7684\u300c\u6025\u8feb\u91cd\u5927\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u9ad4\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u689d\u6587\u662f\u8981\u5177\u9ad4\u8655\u7406\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u73fe\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6709\u6b64\u5371\u96aa\uff1f\u4f9d\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u5920\u8aaa\u670d\u91cb\u61b2\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u7c4d\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u6211\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u300d\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u300c\u51fa\u8ce3\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u6027\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5149\u5728\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u5be9\u67e5\u9019\u5152\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ba3\u544a\u9055\u61b2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u80fd\u5920\u904e\u95dc\uff0c\u7cfb\u722d\u7684\u300c\u624b\u6bb5\u300d\u2014\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u539f\u7c4d\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u570b\u6c11\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u64d4\u4efb\u516c\u6559\u8077\u52d9\u2014\u6050\u4ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u901a\u904e\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002\u6709\u592a\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u9019\u7a2e\u7c97\u7cd9\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u9020\u6210\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u8a31\u53ef\u5165\u5883\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u6216\u8a2d\u7c4d\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5be9\u67e5\u5176\u300c\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u82e5\u5c0d\u5176\u662f\u5426\u300c\u611b\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4e0d\u4e88\u8a31\u53ef\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u6216\u61b2\u6cd5\u5747\u7d66\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u4e4b\u88c1\u91cf\u6b0a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u672c\u53d7\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u6cd5\u8207\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5982\u6d29\u6f0f\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5211\u7f70\u7b49\u5236\u88c1\u53ef\u8cc7\u56e0\u61c9\u3002\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u5730\u6392\u65a5\u539f\u7c4d\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u570b\u6c11\u64d4\u4efb\u516c\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u7d55\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6216\u5f9e\u56b4\u9650\u7e2e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u5f9e\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u6b64\u4e00\u689d\u6587\u4e4b\u8352\u8b2c\u3002\u7cfb\u722d\u689d\u6587\u540c\u689d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u6c11\u7d93\u8a31\u53ef\u9032\u5165\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u8a2d\u6709\u6236\u7c4d\u8005\uff0c\u5f97\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4ee4\u898f\u5b9a\u64d4\u4efb\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u8077\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6216\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u524d\u9805\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u8a2d\u6709\u6236\u7c4d\u6eff\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\uff09\u3002\u524d\u9805\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u64d4\u4efb\u6d89\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u6a5f\u5bc6\u79d1\u6280\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u8077\u52d9\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\uff09\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u6191\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300c\u516c\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u300d\u90fd\u6bd4\u300c\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u8077\u300d\u66f4\u300c\u5a01\u8105\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u300d\uff1f\u65e2\u7136\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u5217\u8209\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\u898f\u5b9a\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u4e0d\u81f4\u4fb5\u5bb3\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u7684\u8ecd\u516c\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\uff1f\u6b64\u8655\u986f\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u800c\u69cb\u6210\u6063\u610f\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u3002[13]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f0d\u3001\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u2014\u898f\u907f\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8ad6\u7406\uff0c\u5c07\u300c\u6b21\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6b63\u7576\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6839\u672c\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u6703\u300c\u6b21\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u6307\u6458\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u8b1d\u7d05\u6885\u7b49\u5df2\u8a2d\u7c4d\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d30\u89c0\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u89c0\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u6574\u7406\u70ba\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001 \u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5eff\u4e00\u689d\u70ba\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u6240\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u61c9\u8a72\u5f9e\u5bec\u5be9\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5eff\u4e00\u689d\u4e4b\u62bd\u8c61\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u4fdd\u969c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u570b\u6c11\u798f\u7949\u2014\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001 \u300c\u8a2d\u7c4d\u672a\u6eff\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u61b2\u653f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u8981\u7576\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u6050\u6015\u529b\u6709\u672a\u902e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001 \u300c\u8a2d\u7c4d\u672a\u6eff\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u878d\u5165\u53f0\u7063\u5c1a\u9808\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8981\u7576\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u6050\u6015\u529b\u6709\u672a\u902e\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001 \u300c\u8a2d\u7c4d\u672a\u6eff\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6c11\u773e\u4fe1\u8cf4\uff0c\u8981\u7576\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u6050\u6015\u529b\u6709\u672a\u902e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516d\u3001 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power\uff09\u3002[18]\u79fb\u6c11\u6a5f\u95dc\u4f9d\u6cd5\u62d2\u7d55\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u7121\u9808\u5c65\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a5f\u5236\u3002[19]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5df2\u8eab\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5883\u5167\u4e4b\u79fb\u6c11\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u5408\u6cd5\u6216\u975e\u6cd5\u5c45\u7559\u2014\u82e5\u6b32\u4e88\u4ee5\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u7686\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e0d\u5f97\u672a\u7d93\u807d\u8b49\u800c\u9a45\u9010\u4e4b\u3002[20]\u800c\u5f9e\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u66f4\u5224\u5b9a\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u62d2\u7d55\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u9818\u53d6\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7d66\u4ed8\u3001[21]\u4e0d\u5f97\u9650\u5236\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u51fa\u4efb\u7121\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff08political function\uff09\u4e4b\u516c\u8077\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u3001[22]\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u62d2\u7d55\u7d66\u4e88\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u5b50\u5973\u514d\u8cbb\u5c31\u8b80\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\u3002[23]<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u9023\u300c\u5883\u5167\u5916\u4eba\u300d\u90fd\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5730\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u52d5\u8f12\u7528\u300c\u5c0d\u5916\u4e8b\u52d9\u300d\u6216\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u4f86\u6b3a\u51cc\u4e4b\u3002\u800c\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u8207\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8a2d\u9632\u5730\u8b93\u300c\u908a\u5883\u7ba1\u5236\u300d\uff08\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\uff09\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u5340\u9694\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4eba\u300d\u8eab\u4e0a\uff01\u6301\u6709\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u7684\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u3001\u300c\u982d\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u5916\u4eba\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u7576\u8cca\u4f86\u9632\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u60c5\u4f55\u4ee5\u582a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9678\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u8981\u8a31\u53ef\u300c\u5916\u4eba\u300d\u5165\u7c4d\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u63a5\u7d0d\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u7406\u7576\u5fc3\u624b\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5f85\u9047\u8207\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u82e5\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u570b\u6c11\u4ecd\u7591\u795e\u7591\u9b3c\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u51b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u544a\u8a34\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u6c11\uff1a\u4f60\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u8a66\u7528\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\uff08probationary Taiwanese\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8b1d\u7d05\u6885\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u61b2\u653f\u300d\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u52aa\u529b\u8981\u505a\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5f9e\u671f\u5f85\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u596e\u9b25\u3001\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u5230\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5168\u7136\u5931\u671b\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u5be6\u52d9\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u5c0d\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u300d\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u570b\u6c11\u7684\u758f\u96e2\u3002\u61b2\u6cd5\u672c\u4f86\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u4f5c\u70ba\u591a\u5143\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6700\u5927\u516c\u7d04\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u90e8\u6392\u4ed6\u53c8\u5206\u7d1a\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u8c48\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u9019\u7a2e\u6574\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u4e00\u65e6\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u300d\u767c\u73fe\u570b\u5bb6\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u600e\u80fd\u671f\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u8877\u5fc3\u5730\u8a8d\u540c\u751a\u81f3\u71b1\u611b\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5bb6\u611b\u570b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u554f\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u503c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u611b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u91cb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>* \u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u9ec3\u570b\u6a11\uff0c\u5927\u9678\u914d\u5076\u4efb\u516c\u8077\uff0c\u4eba\u4e8b\u5c40\u5927\u6e05\u67e5\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u665a\u5831\uff082002.6.28\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a\uff0c\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5eff\u4e00\u689d\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\uff082003.7.5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u53f0\u5317\u9ad8\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u966292\u505c58\u865f\u88c1\u5b9a\uff082002.7.24\uff09\uff0c\u679c\u7136\uff08\u5982\u9810\u671f\u822c\uff09\u99c1\u56de\u505c\u6b62\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u8072\u8acb\u3002\u4f46\u99c1\u56de\u7406\u7531\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u516c\u5e73\u300d\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9055\u61b2\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f35\u6709\u7121\u7406\u7531\u300d\u6839\u672c\u7121\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u53f0\u5317\u9ad8\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u966291\u8a342864\u88c1\u5b9a\uff082003.10.28\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[5] \u5728\u6b64\u5411\u59dc\u7d20\u5a25\u3001\u9673\u570b\u6210\u8207\u6797\u6587\u821f\u4e09\u4f4d\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u81f4\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[6] \u5728\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e00\u516b\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u51fa\u7210\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8b1d\u7d05\u6885\u63a5\u53d7\u806f\u5408\u5831\u8a18\u8005\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\uff0c\u8a00\u8ac7\u4e4b\u9593\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u7f85\u5609\u8587\uff0c\u8003\u4e0a\u516c\u8077\u906d\u64a4\uff0c\u5927\u9678\u59bb\u6253\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5831\uff082005.12.11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[7] 347 U.S. 483 (1954).<\/p>\n<p>[8] Id. at 494.<\/p>\n<p>[9] 60 (19 How.) 393 (1856).<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u53c3\u95b1\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u4e2d\u5a5a\u59fb\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c-\u2014\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u65b0\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u601d\u8207\u8a00\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u8207\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c44\u53773\u671f\uff0c\u980181\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff082006\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u5411\u5c07\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u8996\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u3002E.g. Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886); Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954).<\/p>\n<p>[12] \u5176\u5c0d\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u300d\uff08racial discrimination\uff09\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201cany distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life\u201d \uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p>\n<p>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, art. I, \u00a71.<\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u570b\u7c3d\u7f72\u4e26\u6279\u51c6\u6b64\u4e00\u516c\u7d04\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u898b\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7db2\u7ad9\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.tw\/webapp\/ct.asp?xItem=11466&amp;ctNode=295&amp;mp=1\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.tw\/webapp\/ct.asp?xItem=11466&amp;ctNode=295&amp;mp=1<\/a>\u00a0\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\u9020\u8a2a\uff1a2007\/6\/2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[13] \u570b\u7c4d\u6cd5\u4ea6\u6709\u9650\u5236\u6b78\u5316\u8005\u670d\u516c\u8077\u6b0a\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u50c5\u5217\u8209\u7279\u5b9a\u516c\u8077\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5982\u5169\u5cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5eff\u4e00\u689d\u822c\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u64d4\u4efb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[14] \u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\uff08Equal Citizenship\uff09\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u9014\u5f91\uff1a\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u8fa6\u4e4b\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\uff1a\u516c\u6cd5\u8207\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6574\u5408\u300d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e4b\u6703\u8b70\u8ad6\u6587\uff082007.5.18\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[15] \u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u5e73\u7b49\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u53c3\u95b1Austin Ranney, Governing: An Introduction to Political Science 113 (5th ed. 1990); Cass R. Sunstein, Political Equality and Unintended Consequences, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 1390, 1392 (1994); Edward B. Foley, Equal-Dollars-Per-Voter: A Constitutional Principle of Campaign Finance, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 1204 (1994). \u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c3\u95b1\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a\uff0c\u300a\u7af6\u9078\u7d93\u8cbb\u7ba1\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u81ea\u9858\u516c\u8cbb\u9078\u8209\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u63d0\u51fa\u300b\uff0c\u6771\u5433\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u7814\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u980120-27\uff081995\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[16] \u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u7a31\u70baplenary power\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5e7e\u8fd1\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6b0a\u529b\u3002See Collin O\u2019Connor Udell, Miller v. Albright: Plenary Power, Equal Protection, and the Rights of An Alien Love Child, 12 GEO. IMMIGR. L.J. 621 (1998); Bosniak, Membership, supra note 4, at 1059-65.<\/p>\n<p>[17] See Linda Bosniak, Membership, Equality, and the Difference that Alienage Makes, 69 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1047 (1994)\u8207Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality 3-30 (1983).\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[18] See Collin O\u2019Connor Udell, Miller v. Albright: Plenary Power, Equal Protection, and the Rights of An Alien Love Child, 12 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 621 (1998); Bosniak, id, at 1059-65.\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[19] E.g. United States ex rel. Knauff. vShaughnessy, 338 U.S. 581 (1950); Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206 (1953).<\/p>\n<p>[20] E.g. Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath, 339 U.S. 33 (1950); Yamataya v. Fisher, 189 U.S. 86 (1903).<\/p>\n<p>[21] Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365 (1971).<\/p>\n<p>[22] In re Griffiths, 413 U.S. 717 (1973)\uff08\u4e0d\u5f97\u6392\u9664\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u57f7\u884c\u5f8b\u5e2b\u696d\u52d9\uff09;Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634 (1973)\uff08\u4e0d\u5f97\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u64d4\u4efb\u4e8b\u52d9\u5b98\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u516c\u8077\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5dde\u8b66\uff08Foley v. Connelie, 435 U.S. 291 (1978)\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\uff08Ambach v. Norwick, 441 U.S. 68 (1979)\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u516c\u8b49\u4eba\uff08notaries public\uff09\u5247\u4e0d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6392\u9664\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u64d4\u4efb\u6b64\u7b49\u8077\u52d9\uff08Bernal v. Fainter, 467 U.S. 216 (1984)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[23] Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u53f0\u793e\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u653f\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90a3\u5927\u5b78\u5e03\u9b6f\u660e\u9813\u6821\u5340\u6cd5\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u79fb\u4f4f\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fee\u6cd5\u806f\u76df\u9867\u554f\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a\uff0f<a href=\"http:\/\/mypaper.pchome.com.tw\/news\/liaobruce\/3\/1291185005\/20070721110227\/#centerFlag\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u500b\u4eba\u90e8\u843d\u683c<\/a>\u30002007.07.21<\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"url57\" class=\"posturl\" value=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/column\/%e8%a9%a6%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e4%ba%ba%ef%bc%9f\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"com57\" class=\"postcom\" value=\"0\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u767b\u8f09\u65bc\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5f8b\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c2007\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u865f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-liao"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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