{"id":96,"date":"2013-04-17T15:13:08","date_gmt":"2013-04-17T07:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/column\/?p=96"},"modified":"2013-04-26T11:43:13","modified_gmt":"2013-04-26T03:43:13","slug":"%e5%90%b3%e5%8f%a1%e4%ba%ba%e3%80%88%e8%b3%a4%e6%b0%91%e5%ae%a3%e8%a8%80%e3%80%89%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e9%bb%9e%e8%a3%9c%e5%85%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/column\/%e5%90%b3%e5%8f%a1%e4%ba%ba%e3%80%88%e8%b3%a4%e6%b0%91%e5%ae%a3%e8%a8%80%e3%80%89%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e9%bb%9e%e8%a3%9c%e5%85%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u6279\u5224\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u88dc\u5145"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8b1d\u8b1d\u8d99\u525b\u8001\u5e2b\u7ffb\u51fa\u820a\u6587\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0b\u8a3b\uff0c\u624d\u53c8\u62dc\u8b80\u4e86\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u7684\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u3008\u8ce4\u3009\u6587\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u597d\u8a55\u8ad6\uff08\u898b\u6587\u672b\u9023\u7d50\u4e2d\u8d99\u525b\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u8207\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\u7684\u88dc\u8a55\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u53ea\u88dc\u5145\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u958b\u5b97\u7684\u7acb\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u8ad6\uff0c\u88ab\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u51fa\u8def\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u9738\u6b0a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5e1d\u570b\uff09\u4f86\u53cd\u6279\u5b83\u7684\u6b3a\u7f54\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u53f0\u7063\u672a\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u683c\uff08\u60f3\u73a9\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u537b\u9023\u68cb\u5c40\u90fd\u9032\u4e0d\u53bb\uff09\u3002\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u554f\u984c\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u8033\uff0c\u5b83\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u5169\u689d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u7ffc\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08self-determination\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u5217\u5be7\u5c31\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u554f\u984c\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08national self-determination\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6587\u660e\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u8ac7\u5224\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u7a0b\u91cd\u6574\u4e86\u4e00\u6230\u5f8c\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4ee5\u300c\u7acb\u61b2\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u5c0d\u5916\u8f38\u51fa\uff1b\u800c\u5217\u5be7\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u5247\u6b21\u95dc\u65bc\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0f\u534a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u5982\u4f55\u300c\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u65bc\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u8207\u5b83\u76f8\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u5247\u662f\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6263\u5408\u968e\u7d1a\u89e3\u653e\u2500\u2500\u300c\u8de8\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0a\u7684\u8de8\u570b\u7d71\u4e00\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u662f1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9023\u5e36\u3002\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u770b\u4f3c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5217\u5be7\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u8207\u4f01\u5716\uff0c\u537b\u6070\u6070\u670d\u81ba\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u7684\u81ea\u6c7a\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5c31\u4f86\u4ed4\u7d30\u770b\u770b\u5a01\u723e\u81ea\u6c7a\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5427\uff0c\u4e0b\u65b9\u7c21\u5217\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff08\u8a3b1\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u300c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u6240\u7f6e\u63db\uff0c\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u4e5f\u88ab\u7f6e\u63db\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n

– 1916\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u6230\u5f8c\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cd\u6574\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5167\u8207\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5354\u5546\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u300c\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0f\u4ee5\u5408\u610f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u300d\uff08the consent of the governed\uff09\u548c\u300c\u5404\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\uff08relateto each other as equals\uff09\uff0822\uff09\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1917\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\u6f14\u8b1b\uff08peacewithout victory\uff09\u518d\u7533\u660e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u6230\u5f8c\u548c\u5e73\u91cd\u6574\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u539f\u5247\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u6230\u5f8c\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u539f\u5247\u70ba\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\uff08equality among nations\uff09\u548c\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u773e\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\uff08populargovernment\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\uff08\u975e\u9769\u547d\u8207\u66b4\u529b\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u9054\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1917\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u4ee5\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u6b0a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u6307\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7586\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1917\u5e744\u6708\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee5\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5f31\u5c0f\u570b\u5bb6\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u70ba\u540d\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5ba3\u6230\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u300cbrotherhood ofmankind\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1915-1916\u5e74\u5217\u5be7\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\uff08national self-determination\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\uff0c1917\u5e74\u5217\u5be7\u5ba3\u5e03\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u53d6\u5f97\u4fc4\u570b\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u89e3\u653e\u4e00\u5207\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u300d\u82f1\u6cd5\u7b49\u5e1d\u570b\u7522\u751f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\u30021918\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\u82f1\u9996\u76f8\u570b\u91cd\u7533\u53c3\u6230\u76ee\u6a19\uff08Caxton Hall Speech\uff09\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u4ee5\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08self-determination\uff09\u548c\u300c\u4ee5\u5408\u610f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u300d\uff08consent of the governed\uff09\u62b5\u5236\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u8ad6\u4ee5\u62c9\u650f\u82f1\u5de6\u7ffc\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7248\u672c\u300cself-determination\u300d\u539f\u5247\u7684\u9996\u5ea6\u51fa\u73fe\uff08\u4f46\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u8207\u975e\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5730\u57df\u7684\u5967\u5716\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1918\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u767c\u8868\u300c14\u9ede\u8072\u660e\u300d\uff08Fourteen Points\uff09\u91cd\u7533\u7f8e\u570b\u53c3\u6230\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u6230\u5f8c\u548c\u5e73\u79e9\u5e8f\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e26\u672a\u95e1\u660e\u300cself-determination\u300d\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5728\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u91cd\u6574\u3002\u8072\u660e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u9ede\u96d6\u7136\u5c08\u9580\u8655\u7406\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u4e2d\u537b\u50c5\u6d89\u53ca\u300c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u300d\uff08the interests of colonial populations\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\uff0840\uff09\u3002\u662f\u70ba\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u5c0d\u5217\u5be7\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1918\u5e742\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u518d\u6b21\u5ba3\u8b80\u300c14\u9ede\u8072\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08self-determination\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\uff08\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4ecd\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u300c\u5229\u76ca\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6230\u5f8c\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cd\u6574\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08self-determination\uff09\u548c\u300c\u5408\u610f\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\uff08government byconsent\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

– 1918\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\u4f5b\u8fb2\u5c71\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u65e5\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u6230\u5f8c\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u9700\u4ee5\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u773e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u300d\uff08popular legitimacy\uff09\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u95dc\u65bc\u9818\u571f\u3001\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5247\u9700\uff1a\u300cprinciples of honor and of respect for the common law of civilized society that govern the individual citizens of all modern states in their relations with one another\u300d\uff0844\uff09\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u300c\u539f\u5247\u300d\u662f\uff1aequality of nations\uff08\u5f31\u5c0f\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u570b\u969b\u9593\u5354\u5546\u6b0a\u5229\uff09\uff1bright over might\uff08\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cd\u5efa\uff09\uff1bconsent of the governed\uff08\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u969b\u5354\u5546\u9700\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6b64\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9ede\u57281918\u5e742\u6708\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u6709\u6b0a\u9032\u884c\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08the right of peoples to \u201cself-determination\u201d\uff09\u3002\u800c\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u3001\u9054\u5230\u300c\u5408\u610f\u300d\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5f8c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6e05\u6670\uff1a\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u660e\u793e\u6703\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u8207\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u81ea\u6c7a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u975e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u300c\u843d\u5f8c\u300d\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u6301\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u8207\u5217\u5be7\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5dee\u7570\uff1a\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300cnational self-determination\u300d\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u4e26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u90a3\u88e1\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u300cself-government\u300d\u548c\u300cgovernment by consent\u300d\u7b49\u5148\u884c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u6210\u70ba\u6230\u5f8c\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cd\u6574\u300c\u666e\u904d\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff08\u8a3b2\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u96d6\u7136\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u5316\uff08\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u534a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u800c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u539f\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u6230\u672b\u671f\u81f3\u6230\u5f8c\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u5ba3\u50b3\u6230\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u8207\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u53bb\u5c0d\u7167\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u7684\u958b\u982d\u4e8c\u6bb5\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u770b\u4f3c\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5167\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e26\u672a\u5c0e\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u5217\u5be7\u4e3b\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u8ad6\u8207\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u53f0\u7063\u5fc5\u9808\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5099\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u904a\u6232\u3001\u624d\u80fd\u806f\u5408\u300c\u5f31\u5c0f\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u4ee5\u548c\u9738\u6b0a\u7af6\u722d\u3002\u800c\u6574\u7bc7\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u7262\u56fa\u5316\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7586\u754c\u8207\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff08\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u662f\u9ede\u7db4\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65e9\u57281919\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u6703\u4e0a\u9738\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\u5634\u81c9\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u539f\u5247\u57281917\u5e74\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6a39\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5404\u5730\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7d44\u7e54\u63a5\u53d7\u63a1\u7528\uff1b\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u53f0\u7063\u53f2\u7684\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u66f4\u8a72\u77e5\u9053\uff0c 1921\u5e74\u958b\u4f7f\u7531\u6c11\u65cf\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4e3b\u5c0e\u3001\u6301\u7e8c10\u5e74\u4e4b\u591a\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8b70\u6703\u8acb\u9858\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8fb2\u6c11\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u6587\u5316\u5354\u6703\u5de6\u50be\u3001\u53f0\u5171\u6210\u7acb\u6240\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u5177\u6709\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9023\u5e36\u3001\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e861920\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u5f9e\u300c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u8d70\u5411\u300c\u5217\u5be7\u539f\u5247\u300d\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u8207\u8f49\u5411\u3002\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u968e\u7d1a\u6027\u8cea\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u770b\u4f3c\u4ee5\u300c\u5f31\u5c0f\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u5730\u65e2\u6279\u5224\u3001\u53c8\u634d\u885b\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f14\u8a6d\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u5277\u9664\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u500b\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u7bc4\u7587\u8207\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f0\u7063\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\uff0c\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u65e2\u6068\u53c8\u611b\u3001\u65e2\u6487\u5634\u53c8\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5176\u5171\u69cb\u7684\u6574\u5957\u6587\u660e\u793e\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u89c0\u7684\u6b3a\u7f54\u6027\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u539f\u5247\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u6e05\u96c5 2013\/4\/17<\/p>\n

\u8a3b1\uff1a\u6b64\u8655\u5c0d\u65bc\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u81eaErez Manela\u5728\u300aThe Wilsonian Movement\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u62ec\u5f27\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u70ba\u9801\u78bc\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6458\u8981\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u81ea2011\u5e74\u6625\u6c6a\u6689\u4f86\u65b0\u7af9\u4ea4\u5927\u793e\u6587\u6240\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u8b1b\u5b78\uff0c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u540d\u7a31\u300c\u4e9e\u6d32\u8996\u91ce\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u300d\u7684\u8ab2\u5802\u5c0e\u8b80\u7b46\u8a18\u3002\u53c3\u8003Erez Manela: The Wilsonian Movement, Chapter 1,2,3,5 New York:Oxford University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b2\uff1a\u9019\u88e1\u5f15\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5e7e\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300cWe believe\u2026that every people has a right tochoose the sovereignty under which they shall live\u2026thesmall states of the world shall enjoy the same respect for their\u00a0sovereignty<\/span>\u00a0and for their\u00a0territorial integrity<\/span>.\u300d \uff081916\u5e743\u6708\uff09\uff1b\u300c\u300ethe united state could stand for noothers\u300f\u2014but at the same time could and should beapplied universally, since they held \u300ethe affectionsand convictions of mankind\u300f and were shared by \u300eforward looking men and women everywhere, of every\u00a0modern nation<\/span>,of every\u00a0enlightened community<\/span>.\u300f\u300d\uff081917\u5e741\u6708\uff09\u300cgeneral principles of open diplomacyrather than secret treaties, freedom of the seas and of trade, the reduction ofarmaments and the establishment of an \u300eassociation ofnations\u300f that would guarantee the \u300epolitical independence<\/span>and\u00a0territorialintegrity<\/span>\u300f of great and small states alike\u2026\u300d\uff081918\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c14\u9ede\u539f\u5247 \uff09\u300cIt would be predicated on \u300ethe settlement of every question, whether of\u00a0territory,<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0sovereignty<\/span>,if economic arrangement, or of\u00a0political relationship<\/span>, upon the basis ofthe free acceptance of that settlement by the people immediately concerned.\u300f\u300d\uff1b\u300cThe peace settlement would have to replace an international systembased on power with an international society in which interaction among nationswould comport with the \u300eprinciples of honor and of respect for the\u00a0common law<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0civilizedsociety<\/span>\u00a0that govern the\u00a0individual citizens<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0all modern states<\/span>\u00a0in their relations with one another.\u300f\u300d\uff081918\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u4f5b\u8fb2\u5c71\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u65e5\u6f14\u8b1b\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u8868\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u898b\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff08sovereignty\uff09\u3001\u7586\u57df\uff08territory\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u6c7a\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5247\u662f\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u7d93\u904e\u555f\u8499\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5e02\u6c11\uff08enlightened, individual, citizens\uff09\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u9019\u662f\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u2014\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7684govern by consent\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7acb\u61b2\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u6c7a\u8b70\u3001\u4eab\u6709\u570b\u969b\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u8207\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong>
\n\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/nakts0123\/archives\/11163597.html<\/a>
\n\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u8ad6\u7db1\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.ptt.cc\/bbs\/NTUDalawasao\/M.1127991724.A.2B6.html<\/a>
\n\u8d99\u525b\u3008\u300c\u65b0\u53f3\u6d3e\u300d\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e86\uff1a\u8a55\u5433\u53e1\u4eba\u7684\u3008\u8ce4\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/%E8%B6%99%E5%89%9B\/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE%E5%8
\n7%BA%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E4%BA%86%E8%A9%95%E5%90%B3%E5%8F%A1%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A
\n%84%E8%B3%A4%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80-%E9%9A%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%AF%8F%E6%9C%88%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96no-10\/180495312103985
\n<\/a>\u90b1\u58eb\u6770\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.facebook.com\/La.Scienco.Proleta\/posts\/10151651635962425<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong>
\n\u5217\u5be7\u3008\u6c11\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u7db1\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/lenin\/marxist.org-chinese-lenin-191306.htm<\/a>
\n\u5217\u5be7\u3008\u8ad6\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/lenin\/marxist.org-chinese-lenin-191402-05.htm<\/a>
\n\u7f85\u838e\u2027\u76e7\u68ee\u5821\u3008\u6c11\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u8207\u81ea\u6cbb\u3009\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/Rosa-Luxemburg\/Rosa_190806.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

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