{"id":1397,"date":"1998-09-01T20:00:38","date_gmt":"1998-09-01T12:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=1397"},"modified":"2021-06-28T19:11:14","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T11:11:14","slug":"%e5%be%9e%e5%b7%a6%e7%bf%bc%e5%88%b0%e9%85%b7%e7%95%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%88%80%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e7%9a%84%e9%85%b7%e5%85%92%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1998\/09\/%e5%be%9e%e5%b7%a6%e7%bf%bc%e5%88%b0%e9%85%b7%e7%95%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%88%80%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e7%9a%84%e9%85%b7%e5%85%92%e5%8c%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u5de6\u7ffc\u5230\u9177\u7570\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9177\u5152\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff081990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6211\u64e6\u69cd\u8d70\u706b\u7684\u9ede\u71c3\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u4e5f\u70ba\u540c\u5fd7\u904b\u52d5\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u73fe\u8eab\u7684\u6a5f\u7de3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9177\u5152\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5e36\u8457\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8272\u5f69\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u901a\u3002\u70ba\u78ba\u4fdd\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u6536\u7de8\uff0c\u6211\u7279\u5225\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u540c\u5fd7\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\u51fa\u571f\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u66ff\u88ab\u7f6a\u5211\u5316\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u627e\u5c0b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u60c5\u617e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0e\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u4e09\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u3008\u6027\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u767e\u5e74\u6027\u53f2<\/a>\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u56db\u6027\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\uff0c\u5143\u5c0a\u6587\u5316\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c33-99\u9801\u3002\u6700\u5148\u5beb\u5b8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u3008\u8272\u60c5\u8207\u5973\uff0f\u6027\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4<\/a>\u3009\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c25\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c1996\u5e749\u6708\uff0c6-37\u9801\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7bc7\u5247\u520a\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u300b3\u30014\u671f\u5408\u520a\uff0c\u300c\u9177\u5152\uff1a\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u5c08\u865f\u300d(1998)\uff1a260-299\u3002\u8a72\u6587pdf\u6a94<\/a>\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u95b1\u8b80\u5f15\u7528\uff09[1]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u5e7d\u9748\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u9662<\/em>\u88e1<\/em>\u2500\u2500\u653f\u6cbb\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u907f\u96e3\u6240\u2500\u2500\u5f98\u5f8a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5e7d\u9748<\/em>\u3002–David Horowitz<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2dHorowitz\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5c0d\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8f15\u8511\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u5012\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u9177\u5152\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9177\u5152\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5b78\u8005Michael Warner\u5728\u70ba\u540d\u8457Fear of a Queer Planet<\/em>\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u3008\u5c0e\u8ad6\u3009\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9177\u5152\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u9177\u5152\u570b\u65cf\u300d(Queer Nation)\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u9177\u5152\u884c\u52d5\u6d3e\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u6230\u8853\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u300c\u56de\u61c9\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u570b\u65cf\u8eab\u5206\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u758f\u96e2\u72c0\u614b\u300d(xx)\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u773c\u4e0b\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u52d5\u54e1\u7fa4\u773e\u3001\u5206\u5316\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u9177\u5152\u653f\u7565\u60f3\u8981\u4e32\u9023\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u5f37\u6b0a\u758f\u96e2\u7684\u5f31\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4e32\u9023\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6240\u67b6\u8a2d\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u7db2\u7d61\u5fc5\u7136\u6df1\u5165\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5404\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u523b\u6027\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5df2\u7136\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u591a\u5f97\u4e0d\u8a08\u5176\u6578\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e5f\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u6700\u5c0b\u5e38\u6700\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9177\u5152\u7684\u6297\u722d\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5305\u5bb9\u6216\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6311\u6230\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d(Warner xiii)\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9177\u5152\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u53cd\u570b\u65cf\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5c0d\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u8cea\u7591\u300c\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u6027\u5225\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u300d(Smith 280)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u592a\u548c\u6027\u7279\u5225\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u8003\u91cf\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u6297\u62d2\u88ab\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6027\u300d(Warner xiv)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u300c\u9177\u5152\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8aaa\u660e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u51f8\u986f\u7279\u5225\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u66f4\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u5b83\u5145\u6eff\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u9177\u5152\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u5462\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9177\u5152\u671f\u8a31\u6709\u5176\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6307\u6d89\uff1f Lisa Power\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u81ea70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7279\u8cea\uff1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211(assertiveness)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u8d8a\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u904b\u52d5\u7a4d\u6975\u9023\u7d50(Power 3)\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8de1\u8c61\uff1b\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7279\u8cea\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u5982\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5[2]<\/strong><\/a>\uff09\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5b78\u7fd2(Hekma et. al. 2)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7279\u8cea\u5012\u5e95\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9177\u5152\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5fb5\u5146\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u8de1\u8c61\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e9\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u6d6e\u73fe\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7279\u8cea\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u986f\u793a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u6f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u516c\u958b\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\u2500\u2500\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8207\u5171\u7522\u9ee8<\/strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u9ea5\u5361\u932b(Joseph McCarthy)\u7b49\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6050\u5171\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u300c\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d3b\u52d5\u8abf\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(House Un-American Activities Committee)\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5927\u52a0\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53f2\u5be6\u662f\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e5f\u8996\u70ba\u8feb\u5bb3\u5c0d\u8c61\u5012\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u96e3\u9053\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u6b8a\u95dc\u9023\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u53c8\u6703\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5f62\u9ad4\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4f55\u7a2e\u5efa\u69cb\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u4e2d\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u5167\u653f\u65b9\u9762\u63a1\u53d6\u8a31\u591a\u7a81\u7834\u539f\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6210\u898b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5973\u6027\u8207\u9ed1\u4eba\u90fd\u9996\u5ea6\u7372\u5f97\u6a5f\u6703\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u548c\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u79e9\u5e8f\u56e0\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u91cd\u5927\u8abf\u6574\u30021945\u5e74\u6230\u722d\u96d6\u7136\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8d64\u5316\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8607\u806f\u5728\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee4\u7f8e\u570b\u6182\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7ac4\u5347\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7dca\u7e2e\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u51dd\u805a\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u548c\u570b\u65cf\u532f\u96c6\u6642\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u64fe\u4e82\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u5225\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u570b\u529b\uff08\u7537\u6027\u529b\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u5f31\u5316(Adam 60-62)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u6230\u5f8c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u65cf\u71df\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e9f\u9700\u88ab\u6383\u9664\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\u5247\u662f\u8aaa\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u8584\u5f31\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64f4\u5927\u70ba\u5176\u4e00\u822c\u9053\u5fb7\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u5176\u4e0d\u540d\u8b7d\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u88ab\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\u52d2\u7d22\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u6cc4\u9732\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5bc6\uff0c\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u7684\u98a8\u96aa(security risk)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u8077(Adam 62; Duberman 183)\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u300c\u8150\u6557\u7684\u3001\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u3001\u52d5\u6416\u5e38\u898f\u7684\u300d\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u8272\u60c5\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19(D’Emilio & Freedman 282)\u3002\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u986f\u793a\uff0c1947\u52301950\u5e74\u9593\u8ecd\u968a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e2d\u958b\u9664\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u7591\u4f3c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u54e1\u5de5(Faderman, Odd Girls<\/em> 140)\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4ecb\u5165\u97d3\u6230\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a2d\u7acb\u300c\u5fe0\u8aa0\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u4f86\u8abf\u67e5\u806f\u90a6\u50f1\u54e1\u8207\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u985b\u8986\u4efd\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4f86\u5f80\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u8207\u5171\u9ee8\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u4f86\u5f80\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u53cd\u7f8e\u96dc\u8a8c\u8207\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u652f\u63011948\u5e74\u5de6\u6d3e\u7e3d\u7d71\u5019\u9078\u4ebaHenry Wallace\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u9ee8\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5947\u88dd\u7570\u670d\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u503c\u5f97\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61(Adam 61)\uff0c\u7a0d\u5f8c\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5177\u9ad4\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u7e3d\u7d71\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u76841953\u5e74\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u96c7\u50ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u9808\u67e5\u660e\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u7684\u6027\u504f\u597d\u53d6\u5411(D’Emilio & Freedman 293)\uff0c\u98a8\u6c23\u6240\u81f3\uff0c\u9023\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8868\u9054\u53cb\u5584\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u96e3\u9003\u4e00\u52ab\uff0c1954\u5e74\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5728\u7372\u6089\u91d1\u8cfd\u7684\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u906d\u53d7\u601d\u60f3\u8abf\u67e5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86\u5c0d\u91d1\u8cfd\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u88dc\u52a9(Segal, Straight <\/em>88)\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u52a0\u5287\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u66f4\u70ba\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\u51f8\u986f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5728\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u4e2d\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u6574\u8085\u6392\u64e0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u53f3\u6d3e\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u7f85\u7e54\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u7121\u8f9c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u63cf\u7e6a\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u5883\u9047\u8d0f\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u300c\u58d3\u529b\u53cd\u5f48\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8907\u96dc\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u5c07\u6027\u50be\u5411\u5f9e\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u7cfe\u845b\u4e2d\u5b64\u7acb\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5247\u5c07\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u300d\u548c\u300c\u904b\u52d5\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u548c\u7576\u6642\u6bd4\u8f03\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u7acb\u5834\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u2500\u2500\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c1951\u5e74\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u9996\u5275\u6210\u7acb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5730\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54The Mattachine[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u4ee5\u63a8\u52d5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u6709\u6b64\u7a81\u7834\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u4f46\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8b70\u984c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u52d5\u54e1\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u2500\u2500\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u555f\u767c\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u9019\u4e94\u4f4d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\uff08\u7576\u6642\u53d7\u5230\u56b4\u53b2\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\uff09\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u54e1\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u6240\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u58d3\u8feb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63a8\u52d5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8a8d\u540c\u6642\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6230\u9b25\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u5247\u5927\u91cf\u5f97\u529b\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u6297\u722d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u8eab\u5206\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4f86\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6f38\u6b21\u52d5\u54e1\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6027\u50be\u5411\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u67d0\u7a2e\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u6709\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u53d7\u5230\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5171\u9ee8\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6bdb\u6d3e\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e26\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6559\u689d\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u7acb\u5834\u4e00\u5411\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u5c0f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u662f\u5984\u60f3\u7528\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u5f15\u81f4\u5931\u5fd7\u8207\u632b\u6557(Thorstad 323)\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u9ee8\u5167\u6559\u689d\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5728\u9ee8\u5167\u4e26\u672a\u51fa\u6ac3\u3002\u4ee5\u5275\u5efaThe Mattachine\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u4eba\u7269Henry Hay\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u6fc0\u9032\u5287\u5718\uff0c\u5728\u7f77\u5de5\u548c\u793a\u5a01\u6297\u8b70\u7684\u5834\u5408\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6df1\u5177\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6232\u5287\u8868\u6f14\u4f86\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c1934\u5e74Hay\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u5c0d\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u300d\uff08\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff09\u4e5f\u63a1\u53d6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Hay\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\u53ef\u4ee5\u878d\u532f\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff0c1938\u5e74Hay\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u9ee8\u54e1\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u4ed6\u9577\u905414\u5e74\u8ff4\u907f\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u751f\u6daf(D’Emilio 19-20)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6697\u6ac3\u72c0\u614b\u4e00\u76f4\u8981\u7b49\u52301948\u5e74\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u63a8\u51faHenry Wallace\u7af6\u9078\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u675c\u9b6f\u9580\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u51b7\u6230\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6380\u8d77\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u6d3b\u52d5\u5e38\u5e38\u5e36\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u63a5\u89f8\u8207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u958b\u555f\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u773c\u754c\uff1b\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u6fc0\u5316\u9707\u76ea\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u51fa\u7dda\u7684\u30021948\u5e748\u6708Hay\u53c3\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5c0f\u6d3e\u5c0d\u6642\u7121\u610f\u9593\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u5834\u4eba\u58eb\u7adf\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u7576\u8ac7\u8a71\u984c\u76ee\u98c4\u5411\u7576\u6642Wallace\u7684\u7af6\u9078\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\uff0cHay\u548c\u8eab\u908a\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u5c31\u534a\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u5982\u4f55\u5728Wallace\u7684\u653f\u898b\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6027\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u52d5\u54e1\u66f4\u591a\u975e\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u652f\u6301Wallace\u7684\u7af6\u9078(D’Emilio 20; Teal 27)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5728\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u56e0\u73a9\u7b11\u4ea4\u5fc3\u800c\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\uff08\u6232\u7a31\u70baBachelors-for-Wallace\uff09\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e26\u672a\u5177\u9ad4\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u767c\u6398\u66f4\u591a\u9032\u6b65\u653f\u6cbb\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u9577\u9060\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u9996\u5ea6\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7531\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\u300d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u300c\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u300d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6d6e\u73fe\u8207\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u9996\u5ea6\u6234\u4e0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4ee5\u63a8\u52d5\u6709\u95dc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8cHay\u900f\u904e\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u6559\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u7d50\u8b58\u4e86Chuck Rowland\u548cBob Hull\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e09\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f46\u540c\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u66f4\u540c\u70ba\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u54e1\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u6fc0\u9032\u793e\u6703\u610f\u8b58\u821e\u8e48\u5bb6Rudi Gernreich\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u65e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u6b0a\u76ca\u800c\u6230\u7684Dale Jennings\uff0c\u9019\u4e94\u500b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u96d9\u91cd\u7684\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u8208\u8da3\u76f8\u4f3c\u800c\u7d93\u5e38\u78b0\u9762\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u57281950\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5348\u5f8c\u6210\u7acb\u7955\u5bc6\u7d50\u793eThe Mattachine\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5730\u4e0b\u7d50\u793e\u5f9e\u6bcf\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u90fd\u662f\u500b\u5fe0\u65bc\u5de6\u7ffc\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7d44\u7e54[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u968e\u5c64\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7a4d\u6975\u63f4\u5f15\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c11\u6578\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u900f\u904e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6392\u64e0\u8feb\u5bb3(D’Emilio 23-24; Weeks 197)\u3002\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u8457\u5de6\u7ffc\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u773e\u591a\u5730\u5340\u6f38\u6b21\u767c\u5c55\u8b80\u66f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u5176\u4ed6\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u6df5\u6e90\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97Mattachine\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a8d\u5b9a\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0cHay\u5728\u6210\u7acb\u524d\u82b1\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\u6642\u9593\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u5b97\u65e8\u5c31\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u7a4d\u6975\u6297\u62d2\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u548c\u5225\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531(Teal 27)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u800c\u4e14\u548c\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u5f31\u52e2\u793e\u7fa4\u540c\u547d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u5c1a\u672a\u516c\u958b\u51fa\u6ac3\u3001\u5c1a\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u96b1\u8af1\u4e2d\u6399\u624e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5c0d\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u6df5\u6e90\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u6f38\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u906d\u9022\u5177\u9ad4\u8feb\u5bb3\u6642\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u63a1\u53d6\u8207\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6f38\u6b21\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u8208\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u6c23\u52e2\u30021952\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u65bcJennings\u843d\u5165\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u8b66\u65b9\u9810\u4f48\u7684\u9677\u9631\u88ab\u6355\u4e26\u5c07\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\uff0cMattachine\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5011\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u900f\u904eHay\u7684\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u95dc\u4fc2\u5ef6\u8acb\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5f8b\u5e2bGeorge Shibley\u524d\u4f86\u70baJennings\u8faf\u8b77(D’Emilio 31)\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u8a08\u756b\u52d5\u54e1\u7fa4\u773e\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u53bb\u652f\u63f4Jennings\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6642\u9084\u662f\u64c1\u62b1\u300c\u552f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5f9e\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70baJennings\u82e5\u662f\u88ab\u6355\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u7684\u6709\u7f6a[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6297\u722d\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u65bc\u662f\u63a1\u884c\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7981\u6b62\u8a98\u9677\u516c\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(Citizens Committee to Outlaw Entrapment)\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u89aa\u624b\u6d3e\u767c\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\u50b3\u55ae\u4f86\u8a34\u6c42\u5ee3\u5927\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u95dc\u5207\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6311\u6230\u8b66\u5bdf\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\u50b3\u55ae\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9996\u5ea6\u4ee5\u6027\u50be\u5411\u70ba\u57fa\u9ede\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u300c\u55ae\u5200\u76f4\u5165\u3001\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u5341\u8db3\u300d\u516c\u958b\u8ad6\u8faf\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f86\u5411\u7fa4\u773e\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u300c\u8a98\u9677\u300d\u6703\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u2500\u2500\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u9020\u6210\u5a01\u8105(D’Emilio 32-33)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6df1\u5177\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230Mattachine\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6027\u8cea\u660e\u986f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u5404\u7a2e\u540c\u6027\u611b(homophile)\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u806f\u8abc\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c64\u6b21\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c48\u610f\u8fce\u5408\u4ee5\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4f4e\u8abf\u614b\u5ea6(Faderman, Odd Girls<\/em> 190)\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4ecd\u7136\u5f9e\u5b83\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u5354\u7684\u6311\u6230\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\u51f8\u986f\u6027\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u7a4d\u6975\u6297\u722d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\uff0cMattachine\u96d6\u7136\u5f9e\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u756b\u5730\u81ea\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a(civil rights)\u7684\u4f38\u5f35\u4f86\u4e32\u9023\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6297\u722d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u52d5\u54e1\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u5ee3\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u6297\u722d\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u660e\u78ba\u6a19\u8a8c\u4e86Mattachine\u521d\u671f\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7121\u9650\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u7981\u6b62\u8a98\u9677\u516c\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u7684\u5f37\u52e2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u30021952\u5e746\u6708\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u6700\u7d42\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8b9e\uff0c\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u4e5f\u5728\u91cd\u5be9\u4e4b\u524d\u64a4\u92b7\u544a\u8a34\uff0cJennings\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5730\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8f49\u5533\u9ede\u3002\u5b98\u53f8\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8ecd\u5fc3\u5927\u632f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8457\u624b\u6210\u7acb\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u6559\u80b2\u793e\u6703\u70ba\u5b97\u65e8\u7684\u516c\u958b\u7d44\u7e54Mattachine Foundation\uff0c\u4ee5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e26\u64f4\u5927\u5730\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u516c\u958b\u767c\u884c\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u96dc\u8a8cONE<\/em>\u65bc1953\u5e74\u5143\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5927\u6279\u52a0\u5165Mattachine\u5728\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u6703\u54e1\u4eba\u6578\u66b4\u589e\uff0c\u52301953\u5e745\u6708\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u589e\u81f3\u5169\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u904d\u4f48\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u6578\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c0f\u7d44\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u8005\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8457\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5404\u5c64\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027(D’Emilio 35-36)\u3002[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u7d44\u7e54\u64f4\u5c55\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u9580\u9762\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u56fa\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97Mattachine\u5728\u5438\u5f15\u65b0\u4eba\u548c\u63a8\u52d5\u5404\u7a2e\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u907f\u958b\u56e0\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u672c\u8eab\u904e\u5ea6\u7955\u5bc6\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u53ef\u7591\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9762\u5c0d\u7d44\u7e54\u8981\u958b\u653e\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u6b65\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u516c\u958b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7955\u5bc6\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5011\u537b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c40\u52e2\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u540c\u5fd7\uff0cRowland\u548cHull\u7b49\u4eba\u50be\u5411\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u89ba\u5f97Mattachine\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u4e2d\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u9019\u500b\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u6642\u523b\u4e3b\u5c0e\u91cd\u7d44Mattachine\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u52a0\u958b\u653e\u6703\u54e1\u7684\u62db\u52df\u4e26\u7dad\u6301\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5275\u7acb\u5143\u8001Hay\u5247\u5c0d\u5ee3\u958b\u5927\u9580\u591a\u6240\u7591\u61fc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u71b1\u5207\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u5165\u6703\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u8d95\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u5728\u842c\u4e00\u81ea\u5df1\u89f8\u6cd5\u6642\u5f97\u4ee5\u85c9\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u812b\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u9858\u6295\u5165\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u671f\u596e\u6230\u800c\u4e14\u6fc0\u9032\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5(D’Emilio 38)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u610f\u898b\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u6c1b\u570d\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7dca\u7e2e\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u63ee\u7051\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u7565\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u7dca\u7e2e\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u53f3\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0dMattachine\u7576\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u7b56\u7565\u6240\u505a\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u57281952\u5e74\u5e95Jennings\u6848\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7d44\u7e54\u84ec\u52c3\u6210\u9577\u7684\u5927\u597d\u524d\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a1\u53d6\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f01\u5716\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u5165\u5373\u5c07\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u4fe1\u7d66\u7576\u6642\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u5019\u9078\u4eba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5b78\u5b50\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u8868\u9054\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u627f\u8afe\u7576\u9078\u5f8c\u5728\u8f14\u5c0e\u7591\u4f3c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b78\u751f\u6642\u6703\u63a1\u53d6\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u4fe1\u7d66\u5e02\u9577\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u548c\u5e02\u8b70\u54e1\u5019\u9078\u4eba\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u5e02\u8b66\u5bdf\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e00\u8cab\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u975e\u6cd5\u8655\u7f6e(D’Emilio 36)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6230\u7565\u628aMattachine\u9019\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u63a8\u4e0a\u4e86\u6b63\u9762\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8a34\u6c42\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u653f\u7565\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u51fa\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5468\u906d\u597d\u5947\u800c\u4e0d\u61f7\u597d\u610f\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5411\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e26\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u592a\u591a\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u537b\u5f15\u8d77\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c1953\u5e74\u521d\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u93e1\u5831\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u53f3\u6d3e\u5c08\u6b04\u8a18\u8005\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f3f\u8ad6\u70ba\u540d\u5411Mattachine\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6210\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u64a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5728\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff01\uff09\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u50be\u5411\u8868\u614b\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u8cea\u7591Mattachine\u5411\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7684\u904a\u8aaa\uff0c\u6307\u7a31\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u8a6d\u7570\u7684\u65b0\u58d3\u529b\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u767b\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u9867\u554f\u5f8b\u5e2bFred M. Snider\u5728\u300c\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d3b\u52d5\u8abf\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u4f5c\u8b49\u6642\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u56e0\u6b64\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300c\u662f\u88ab\u793e\u5340\u8511\u8996\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u96c6\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ee5\u6c42\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u6975\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u98a8\u96aa\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u56e0\u6b64\u8b66\u544a\u6210\u54e1\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u985b\u8986\u4efd\u5b50\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u7684\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b66\u5668\u300d(D’Emilio 39)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u5145\u6eff\u6697\u793a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u9ad8\u5cf0\u76841953\u5e74\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u7684\u300c\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d3b\u52d5\u8abf\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u4f86\u5230\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u8abf\u67e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7591\u616e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u542b\u6df7\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u654f\u611f\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u5c08\u6b04\u6587\u7ae0\u63cf\u5beb\u773c\u524d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u96c6\u7d50\u884c\u52d5\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u63a9\u8b77\uff0c\u65e5\u6f38\u666e\u53ca\u800c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684Mattachine\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u5c64\u5c64\u96b1\u8af1\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u8b49\u5be6\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u53ef\u7591\u5a01\u8105\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u7247\u7591\u96f2\u4e5f\u5728Mattachine\u5167\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6050\u614c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u665a\u671f\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5f37\u70c8\u8981\u6c42\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u592e\u660e\u78ba\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834(D’Emilio 39)\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5247\u5728\u773e\u65b9\u58d3\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7c4c\u5283\u53ec\u958b\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u9810\u5099\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6d6e\u4e0a\u53f0\u9762\u5f8c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\u300c\u51fa\u6ac3\u300d\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002<\/strong>\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u7adf\u7136\u4f86\u81ea\u90a3\u4e9b\u767e\u822c\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6697\u6ac3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\uff08\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff09\u3002\u516c\u958b\u6291\u6216\u7955\u5bc6\u3001\u5de6\u7ffc\u6291\u6216\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u6b64\u6ac3\u6291\u6216\u5f7c\u6ac3\u7684\u6c7a\u6230\u56e0\u6b64\u7206\u767c\u30021953\u5e744\u670811-12\u65e5\uff0cMattachine\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u666e\u540c\u6559\u6703\u53ec\u958b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u54e1\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u98a8\u96e8\u6b32\u4f86\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u6c23\u6c1b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u5ba3\u4f48\u4e0d\u5c0b\u6c42\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u4efb\u8077\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u4e3b\u5f35\u7d44\u7e54\u5730\u4e0a\u5316\u7684Rowland\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6703\u524d\u767c\u8868\u8072\u660e\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d50\u5c40\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u53cd\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5Mattachine\u70ba\u540d\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u767c\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u8072\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u5ba3\u793a\u6548\u5fe0\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u5165\u6703\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5805\u6c7a\u62d2\u7d55\u548c\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u9023\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u662f\uff0c\u548c\u300e\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d3b\u52d5\u8abf\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300f\u6b63\u9762\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8056\u6230\uff0c\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u5011\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u300d(D’Emilio 40)\u3002Rowland\u7684\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5c0d\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u57f7\u8457\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong>\u7531\u65bcMattachine\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u7a4d\u6975\u6297\u722d\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u51fa\u81ea\u5de6\u7ffc\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6297\u722d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9762\u5c0d\u5468\u906d\u58d3\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u5192\u96aa\u300c\u51fa\u6ac3\u300d\uff08\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u6697\u6ac3\uff09\u4ee5\u8f49\u79fb\u5916\u754c\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u731c\u5fcc\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u5e0c\u671b<\/strong>Mattachine<\/strong>\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7d50\u5408\u540c\u5fd7\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u6bb7\u5207\u76fc\u671b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5982\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u51fa\u5e2d\u5927\u6703\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u96c6\u9ad4\u51fa\u6ac3\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u7570\u8b70\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u6ac3\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u5207\u65b7\uff0c\u62b9\u53bb\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u555f\u767c\u548c\u57f9\u529b\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u3002<\/strong>\u5275\u6703\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u57281953\u5e744\u6708\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6703\u671f\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7de9\u548c\u4e86\u5404\u65b9\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57285\u6708\u7684\u6703\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269Kenneth Burns\u3001Marilyn Rieger\u3001Hal Call\u6210\u529f\u51fa\u7dda\uff0c\u7528\u7576\u6642\u5927\u5bb6\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u6559\u689d\u8a9e\u8a00\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u8eab\u4e0a\u6295\u4e0b\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u9670\u5f71\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u628a\u5f8c\u8005\u62c9\u4e0b\u9818\u5c0e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1bCall\u4e26\u4e14\u516c\u958b\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u53cd\u5c0d\u53ef\u7591\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u300d\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u7576\u6210\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u4f86\u653b\u64ca\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u64da\u8aaa\u5c07\u53ef\u4fdd\u969c\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4fdd\u969c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e0d\u5fc5\u627f\u53d7\u773c\u524d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u731c\u5fcc(D’Emilio 44-45)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u63d0\u6848\u96d6\u7136\u6700\u5f8c\u4e26\u672a\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6050\u5171\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u5df2\u7d93\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u986f\u3002\u65b0\u7576\u9078\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u73ed\u5e95\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u53cd\u5171\u70ba\u57fa\u8abf\u7684\u300c\u5354\u8abf\u6703\u300d(Coordinating Council)\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u3001\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565(Adam 69)\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7dad\u6301\u5c0d\u6703\u5167\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u4efd\u5b50\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u5207\u300d\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2dDavid Finn\u751a\u81f3\u57281953\u5e745\u6708\u5927\u6703\u5f8c\u5169\u661f\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u628aMattachine \u7684\u61b2\u7ae0\u4ea4\u7d66\u4e86\u806f\u90a6\u8abf\u67e5\u5c40\u5099\u67e5\uff0c\u4e26\u5411\u8a72\u5c40\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u300c\u6e05\u5171\u300d(D’Emilio 48)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u548c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u300c\u5354\u8abf\u6703\u300d\u7adf\u7136\u5e72\u72af\u5927\u6703\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ee5\u7d44\u7e54\u540d\u7fa9\u767c\u4f48\u6587\u5ba3\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f48Mattachine\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5171\u300d\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u2026\u4e0d\u6703\u8a66\u5716\u63a8\u7ffb\u6216\u7834\u58de\u793e\u6703\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u878d\u5165\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u505a\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u3001\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u300d(D’Emilio 48)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\u57281953\u5e74\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u6216\u8a31\u4fdd\u4f4f\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5b58\u7e8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u7acb\u523b\u6c5f\u6cb3\u65e5\u4e0b\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u4e86Mattachine\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u52301953\u5e7411\u6708\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u73ed\u5e95\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6383\u9664\u4e86\u5275\u6703\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u98a8\u683c[11]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u7d44\u7e54\u66f4\u540d\u70baMattachine Society(Teal 28)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u6a19\u9650\u5236\u70ba\u806f\u8abc\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e2d\u9396\u5b9a\u5438\u6536\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u793e\u6703\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u4eba(D’Emilio 49)\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u524a\u6e1b\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u99ac\u6d3e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u793e\u6703\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u7b56\u7565\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u9664\u53bb\u504f\u898b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u5f85\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d(D\u2019Emilio 27)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6b21\u63db\u8840\u5927\u884c\u52d5\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u53ca\u6703\u54e1\u56e0\u70ba\u8a8d\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u800c\u76f8\u7e7c\u8fad\u53bb\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u5230\u4e869\u6708\uff0c\u5317\u52a0\u5dde\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5927\u6279\u6703\u54e1\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u60f3\u641e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u60f3\u300c\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u6df1(D’Emilio 50)\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u8272\u5f69\u7576\u7136\u6703\u5438\u5f15\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u52a0\u5165\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6392\u64e0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\uff1bMattachine\u7684\u63db\u8840\u884c\u52d5\u6e05\u6389\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u7684\u7570\u8c61\u548c\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u67d4\u5316\u4e86\u6fc0\u9032\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u885d\u529b\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u628a\u672a\u4f86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5951\u6a5f\u7559\u7d66\u4e86\u66f4\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d[12]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

Mattachine Society\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u6298\u986f\u793a\uff0c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u500b\u5225\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u6d89\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u63f4\u5f15\u5176\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\u610f\u7fa9\u4e2d\u5f62\u5851\u4e26\u6d6e\u73fe\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u8ef8\u7dda\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8fd1\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u6642\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u529b\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u6ef2\u900f\u800c\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0f\u5206\u6b67\u5316\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0f\u5206\u6b67\u5316\u6703\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f0f\u7684\u806f\u76df\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5c0b\u6c42\u55ae\u4e00\u6b63\u7d71\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u7d14\u6de8\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e86\u3002\u5728<\/strong>1950<\/strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u6fc0\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5de6\u7ffc\u6210\u4efd\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u8def\u7dda\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u4ee5\u8d0f\u5f97\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff1bMattachine<\/strong>\u5275\u6703\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0f\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u8eab\u5206\u51fa\u5c40\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u300c\u7d14\u6de8\u5316\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u300d\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mattachine Society\u6216\u8a31\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u65e9\u671f\u9032\u6b65\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u906d\u5230\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u537b\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6240\u958b\u5275\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u722d\u6c23\u9b44\uff1a\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u6297\u722d\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u9a55\u50b2\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u4e32\u9023\u7d50\u76df\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u6d3b\u8e8d\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8a18\u865f\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u518d\u5ea6\u958b\u82b1\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u518d\u5ea6\u84ec\u52c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8207\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u4e0a\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8f49\u6298\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u90fd\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u95dc\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5728\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u904b\u52d5\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u9762\u6311\u6230\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u5de6\u7ffc\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u540c\u6027\u6200\u653f\u7565\u7684Mattachine Society\u5728\u65e5\u6f38\u5c16\u92b3\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c61\u540d\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u6700\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u300c\u6e05\u5171\u300d\uff0c\u7528\u653e\u9010\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\u4f86\u63db\u53d6\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u82df\u4e14\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u878d\u5408\u8def\u7dda\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u672c\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u722d\u53d6\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u90231955\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u806f\u8abc\u7d44\u7e54Daughters of Bilitis (DOB)\u6210\u7acb\u6642\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u96b1\u5bc6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5979\u5011\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u54c1The Ladder<\/em>\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u53ea\u662f\u5411\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300c\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u8863\u8457\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7570\u6027\u6200\u5927\u773e\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e5f\u662f\u597d\u516c\u6c11\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u904e\u5206\u5ba3\u63da\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6a5f\u6703(Faderman, Odd Girls <\/em>180)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e9\u5e74\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u6240\u793a\u7bc4\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u6297\u722d\u50b3\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9000\u6f6e\uff0cMattachine\u4e5f\u6f38\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6297\u8b70\u8b66\u5bdf\u66b4\u529b(Power 2)\uff0c1958\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u6200\u96dc\u8a8cOne<\/em>\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5c01\u9762\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u5145\u6eff\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u771f\u9ad8\u8208\u6211\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d(Teal 24)\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u9010\u6f38\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8a02\u6236\u611f\u89ba\u4e0d\u5b89\u800c\u9000\u8a02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u793a\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u65b0\u5de6\u601d\u6f6e\u6ecb\u990a\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d(Gay Liberation Front)\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5411\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u6380\u8d77\u540c\u6027\u6200\u980c\u63da\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u57f9\u529b\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u6297\u722d\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u628a\u5de6\u7ffc\u5f15\u5165\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u6f6e\u4e4b\u518d\u5ea6\u885d\u64ca\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u8208\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u555f\u767c\u800c\u8abf\u6559\u51fa\u4e00\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u4ee3\u6709\u5d84\u65b0\u904b\u52d5\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6297\u722d\u6c23\u8cea\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3002\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u59cb\u9b06\u52d5\u5b83\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7d71\u6cbb\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u7531\u91d1\u6069\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u5e36\u9818\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u4fbf\u5df2\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5411\u65e9\u51481950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u53cd\u5e1d\u3001\u53cd\u6b96\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e86\u7531\u5de6\u7ffc\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5[13]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u4f86\u63d0\u5347\u96c6\u9ad4\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u6297\u722d\u52d5\u6a5f(Echols 83-84)\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u58ef\u5927\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7fa4\u9ad4\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f97\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6539\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u800c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u57f9\u529b\u58ef\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u5728\u9032\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u8896\u7518\u5730\u6240\u555f\u767c\u7684\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de6\u7ffc\u5de5\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6297\u722d\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u8b93\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5f9e1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u975c\u5750\u3001\u904a\u884c\u3001\u793a\u5a01\u3001\u652a\u64fe\u9ed1\u767d\u5340\u9694\u7b49\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52d5\u300d(direct action)[14]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5206\u4eab\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229(Adam 75)\u3002\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6297\u722d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8ad6\u8ff0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7fa4\u9ad4\u8d77\u800c\u6297\u722d\u6399\u53d6\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8ff0\u628a\u5f31\u52e2\u65cf\u7fa4\u5efa\u69cb\u70ba\u6b0a\u5229\u88ab\u7121\u7406\u525d\u524a\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6027\u5225\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5f31\u52e2\u65cf\u7fa4\uff08\u5982\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff09\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u8eab\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5f31\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8981\u6c42\u4e3b\u6d41\u5206\u4eab\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u63f4\u7528\u5225\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u6297\u722d\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5(D’Emilio & Freedman 320)[15]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u60c5\u52e2\u6108\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u50be\u5411\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u660e\u986f\uff0c1967\u5e74\u5df2\u6709\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(confrontational politics)\u4e4b\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u5169\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6fc0\u9032\u904b\u52d5\u5982\u9ed1\u4eba\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u5b09\u76ae\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u53cd\u6230\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u65b7\u5347\u9ad8\u653f\u6cbb\u5f35\u529b\u548c\u6297\u722d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u5f8c\u4f86\u90fd\u6f38\u6b21\u900f\u904e\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6297\u722d\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u64f4\u5927\u800c\u79fb\u8f49\u5230\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u6297\u722d\u4e0a(Adam 82; Altman 58)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7bc4\u7684\u6297\u722d\u610f\u8b58\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u300c\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u300d\u7684\u660e\u986f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7576\u58d3\u8feb\u593e\u5e36\u8457\u539f\u6709\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6210\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u5f62\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff09\u7684\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a81\u7834\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6399\u812b\u90a3\u4e9b\u963b\u7919\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u8c6a\u5f97\u529b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u5317\u7063\u548c\u7d10\u7d04\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u6751\u767c\u8de1\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u300c\u6975\u6a02\uff0f\u64ca\u57ae\u4e16\u4ee3\u300d(Beat Generation)[16]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u5176\u4e0d\u898b\u5bb9\u65bc\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u7fa4\u5c45\u3001\u55d1\u85e5\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u6feb\u4ea4\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u7529\u6210\u898f\u7684\u5f37\u608d\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u793a\u7bc4\u4e86\u53cd\u53db\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u7576\u4ee3\u540c\u6027\u6200\u52d5\u5bb9\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u6975\u6a02\uff0f\u64ca\u57ae\u4e16\u4ee3\u300d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8a69\u4ebaAllen Ginsberg\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a69\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8a69\u53e5\u6beb\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u63cf\u5beb\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u516c\u958b\u7684\u980c\u63da\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u8c6a\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8a87\u793a\u7684\u699c\u6a23(Adam 74)\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u98a8\u884c\u7684\u6027\u9769\u547d(cf. Ehrenreich et. al.)\u3001\u5b09\u76ae\u904b\u52d5(Faderman, Odd Girls<\/em> 203)\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u53cd\u6230\u904b\u52d5(D’Emilio & Freedman 306-07)\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c0d\u65e2\u6709\u5efa\u5236\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5efa\u5236\u548c\u5e38\u898f\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5167\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6230\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6c61\u540d\u662f\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u9b06\u52d5\u4e86\u6c61\u540d\u6b67\u8996\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u615a\u548c\u7f9e\u6065\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u81ea\u50b2\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u57f9\u990a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u8c6a\u300d(pride)\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u5404\u500b\u908a\u7de3\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u9ed1\u4eba\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u5230\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u7126\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u6311\u6230\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u81ea\u904b\u52d5\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u9019\u500b\u5e74\u9f61\u5c64\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u7d50\u69cb\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u88ab\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d88\u8cbb\u6587\u5316\u9010\u6b65\u69cb\u7bc9\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u51f8\u986f(Seidman, Romantic<\/em> 125)\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u53cd\u53db\u6709\u7406\u300d\u7684\u5766\u7136\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u770b\u4f86\u602f\u61e6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u50c5\u50c5\u5dee\u4e86\u5e7e\u6b72\u2500\u2500\u8868\u793a\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff08\u300c\u5225\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e09\u5341\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8a71\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u6b77\u4e94\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c23\u6c1b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u540c\u6027\u6200\u90a3\u6a23\u5167\u5316\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u61f7\u7591\u548c\u81ea\u615a\u9000\u7e2e(Altman 60; Faderman, “The Big Bang” 19)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u9084\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u6050\u61fc\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u958b\u59cb\u64c1\u62b1\u65b0\u627e\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u9a55\u50b2(Altman 56)\u3002\u6709\u6210\u54e1\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4ee3\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1a\u300c\u65b0\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4f46\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u56c2\u5f35\u7684\u5411\u773e\u4eba\u70ab\u8000\uff0c\u5e74\u7d00\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u770b\u5728\u773c\u88e1\uff0c\u81c9\u4e0a\u6709\u8457\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u795e\u8272\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4f4e\u8072\u8033\u8a9e\u300d(Teal 5)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e16\u4ee3\u548c\u6c23\u52e2\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u7dad\u6301\u6eab\u548c\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u540c\u6027\u611b(homophile)\u5718\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6fc0\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u548c\u65b9\u5411[17]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\u56fa\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8108\u7d61\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4e5f\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5927\u91cf\u884d\u751f\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u300d(New Left)\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u722d\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u9032\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u884c\u52d5\u6d3e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65e9\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5404\u500b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u54e1<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e86\u5f37\u608d\u7684\u6297\u722d\u6c23\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565(Adam 82; Power 2; Teal 35)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5de6\u7ffc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u5728\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u800c\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u53ca\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\u537b\u53cd\u61c9\u9072\u920d\u51b7\u6f20\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u96c6\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4f5c\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u6297\u722d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u8a71\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u5247\u56e0\u70ba\u6210\u54e1\u540c\u6642\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u6709\u8457\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8a8d\u540c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u6d6e\u73fe\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u548c\u7576\u6642\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6297\u722d\u904b\u52d5\u53ca\u5176\u5de6\u7ffc\u6e90\u982d\u6709\u8457\u9aa8\u8089\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u50b3\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u628a1969\u5e746\u670827\u65e5\u7d10\u7d04\u77f3\u7246\u9152\u5427\u5728\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u6578\u5ea6\u60e1\u610f\u81e8\u6aa2\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u66b4\u52d5\u4e8b\u4ef6(The Stonewall Riots)\u7576\u6210\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u8de1\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5728\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u65e9\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u6f8e\u6e43\u6d36\u6e67\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u6fc0\u5316(Teal 33)\u3002\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\uff0c1962\u5e74Daughter of Bilitis\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u54c1The Ladder: A Lesbian Review<\/em>\u6539\u7531Barbara Gittings\u64d4\u4efb\u7e3d\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u5979\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\u4e00\u6539\u793e\u4ea4\u806f\u8abc\u7684\u96dc\u8a8c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u5f37\u608d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6975\u529b\u6311\u6230\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6709\u75c5\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7fDOB\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u773e\u904b\u52d5\u30021965\u5e74DOB\u7684\u8001\u9818\u5c0e\u73ed\u5b50\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5468\u906d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5f62\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u6182\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u4e2d\u5c07Gittings\u53bb\u8077\uff0c\u6eab\u548c\u8def\u7dda\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u8def\u7dda\u56e0\u800c\u767c\u751f\u5c0d\u6c7a\uff0c\u6700\u5f8cDOB\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u5011\u9078\u51fa\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ed1\u4eba\u6703\u9577\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u73ed\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9078\u64c7\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8def\u7dda(Adam 77)\u3002\u540c\u5e74The Ladder<\/em>\u520a\u51fa\u7684\u8857\u982d\u6297\u8b70\u5be6\u9304\u4e2d\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6d6e\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u9996\u5ea6\u53c3\u52a0\u516c\u958b\u8857\u982d\u884c\u52d5\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u6297\u722d\u7acb\u5834\u6642\u7684\u65b0\u9ad4\u9a57\u548c\u65b0\u60c5\u7dd2\uff1a\u300c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4e1f\u6389\u4e86\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7d72\u6050\u61fc\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u5fc3\u982d\u843d\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u584a\u5927\u77f3\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u6211\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u300d(Teal 24)\u3002\u820a\u7684\u81ea\u615a\u548c\u6050\u61fc\u5728\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u9000\u6f6e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u8c6a\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c1964\u5e74\uff0c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7684Mattachine Society\u4e5f\u5728Franklin Kameny\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u53d6\u6b63\u9762\u51fa\u64ca\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5411\u5404\u500b\u806f\u90a6\u6a5f\u69cb\u516c\u958b\u6297\u8b70\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u4f5c\u98a8(Teal 14)\u3002\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u7d10\u7d04Mattachine Society\u7684\u6eab\u548c\u8def\u7dda\uff0cKameny\u4f9d\u5faa\u8457\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u300c\u9ed1\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\uff01\u300d(“Black is Beautiful!”)\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u771f\u68d2\uff01\u300d(“Gay Is Good”)\u7684\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4f5c\u98a8\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u958b\u555f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5951\u6a5f\uff1b\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f3\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u7684Mattachine Society \u57281964\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9078\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9010\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8001\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u6539\u63a1\u7a4d\u6975\u8def\u7dda(Adam 77)\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u5354\u6703\u300d(Society for Individual Rights, SIR)\u5f9e1964\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u6642\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u6eff\u4e3b\u6d41\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u505c\u6eef\u7de9\u6162\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u884c\u8209\u8fa6\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u958b\u8a2d\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u8a2d\u65bd\u4f86\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u52a9(Teal 23)\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u52301969\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5730\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u5341\u9918\u500b\u9817\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u540c\u6027\u611b\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7a4d\u6975\u722d\u53d6\u6c11\u6b0a(Faderman, “The Big Bang” 19; Teal 28)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u5df2\u7136\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u62101960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u96c6\u7d50\u6642\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u6700\u5f37\u608d\u4e0d\u99b4\u7684\u6297\u722d\u98a8\u6c23\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u6297\u722d\u8def\u7dda\u5448\u73fe\u5408\u6d41\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa1969\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u9010\u6b65\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u7684\u6fc0\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc6\u670827\u65e5\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9ede\u71c3\u5c0e\u706b\u7dda\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u9ede\u592a\u904e\u7c97\u7565\u3002\u9152\u5427\u81e8\u6aa2\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u4e8b\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u66b4\u529b\u76f8\u5411\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u591a\u534a\u662f\u9817\u4e0d\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u898b\u5bb9\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e(drag queen)\u3001\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200(dykes)\u3001\u904a\u6c11\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u9152\u5427\u5916\u9f13\u8b5f\u6311\u91c1\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u81e8\u6aa2\u7684\u8b66\u65b9\u6216\u7576\u5834\u505a\u5373\u5e2d\u7684\u626e\u88dd\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u6216\u4e1f\u64f2\u9285\u5e63\u3001\u77f3\u584a\u3001\u505c\u8eca\u78bc\u8868\u7b49(Adam 81; Power 1)\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u592a\u591a\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9023\u66b4\u52d5\u7fa4\u773e\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u77f3\u7246\u66b4\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7d10\u7d04\u5340\u57df\u5831\u7d19\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u65b0\u805e\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u300b\u7684\u5c0f\u6a19\u984c\u5e73\u6de1\u7684\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u56db\u540d\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u6751\u7684\u7a81\u8972\u4e2d\u53d7\u50b7\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u985e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u6839\u672c\u5f15\u4e0d\u8d77\u592a\u591a\u6ce8\u610f(Faderman, “The Big Bang” 17)[18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u662f\u7d42\u7a76\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u53d7\u7576\u6642\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u6f6e\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u65e2\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6eab\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u6b64\u523b\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u98a8\u8d77\u96f2\u6e67\u800c\u6fc0\u52d5\u6f8e\u6e43\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u60c5\u7dd2\u7d50\u69cb\u6642\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\u6210\u529f\u7684\u904b\u7528\u65b0\u8fd1\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u77f3\u7246\u300d\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u8c61\u5fb5\uff1a\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u5011\u7684\u5883\u9047\u88ab\u5ef6\u7533\u6210\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u5171\u6709\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u77f3\u7246\u66b4\u52d5\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u884c\u52d5\u5316\u3001\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5fb5\u5146\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u904e\u7684\u8cc7\u6df1\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u8005Barbara Gittings\u66fe\u7d93\u6bd4\u8f03\u904e\u65e9\u671f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u6b64\u523b\u6fc0\u9032\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a\u300c\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u5411\u5167\u7684\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u5305\u5bb9\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5411\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u5916\u53bb\u627e\u5c0b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u300d(Teal 23)\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u6bb5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u90fd\u74b0\u7e5e\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\u5012\u5e95\u8981\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u5b58\uff1f\u800c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u52d5\u529b\u7cfe\u845b\u9032\u9000\uff0c\u6b63\u4f86\u81ea\u5468\u906d\u88ab\u5404\u7a2e\u529b\u91cf\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u3002<\/strong>1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u4f7f\u5f97\u7576\u6642\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u653e\u9010\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u4efd\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u53ef\u656c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u6c1b\u570d\u5247\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u722d\u53d6\u662f\u5426\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u64c1\u62b1\u50cf\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u66b4\u52d5\uff08\u6b66\u529b\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u8b8a\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5de6\u6d3e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9152\u5427\u9644\u8fd1\u7246\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u5857\u9d09\u558a\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5857\u9d09\u6a21\u4eff\u6fc0\u9032\u9ed1\u4eba\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\uff01\u300d(Black Power)\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u6539\u5beb\u70ba\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u529b\u91cf\uff01\u300d(Gay Power)\u3001\u300c\u53cd\u4e32\u529b\u91cf\uff01\u300d(Drag Power)\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u96b1\u853d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f37\u608d\u7684\uff0c\u8a87\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5857\u9d09\u6240\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6c23\u52e2\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u9707\u52d5\u4e86\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u540c\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684Mattachine Society\u5728\u805a\u6703\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6703\u5167\u81ea\u547d\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6587\u5316\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5728\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u63a1\u53d6\u6975\u70ba\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0d\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7576\u665a\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u66b4\u52d5\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u8868\u82df\u540c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u4e00\u7fa4\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e74\u8f15\u3001\u6709\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5728\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u4e0a\u9817\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u6c7a\u8b70\u5728Mattachine Society\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(Action Committee)\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u767c\u51fa\u6587\u5ba3\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u5927\u5bb6\u7d44\u7e54\u8d77\u4f86\u6297\u722d(Adam 81)\u3002\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u57287\u67089\u65e5\u8209\u8fa6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u529b\u91cf\u300d(Gay Power)\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u548c\u904a\u6c11\u5c0d\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8ca2\u737b\u6642\uff0cMattachine Society\u5728\u5834\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6210\u54e1\u53c8\u8a66\u5716\u58d3\u6291\u9019\u500b\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ac7\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u908a\u7de3\u4eba\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u60f3\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4f86\u8ac7\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5197\u9577\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u689d\u6587\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6240\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u8655\u5883(Teal 16)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5728\u610f\u898b\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e3b\u6d41\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u773c\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6297\u722d\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

7\u670816\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u529b\u91cf\u300d(Gay Power)\u805a\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6297\u722d\u65b9\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u610f\u898b\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d3e\u540c\u610f\u8b66\u65b9\u7121\u7406\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u98a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u61c9\u8a72\u7dad\u6301\u548c\u5efa\u5236\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a8\u52d5\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u7576\u8207\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u71b1\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8981\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u6297\u8b70\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u8072\u63f4\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0cMattachine Society\u5728\u5834\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u5efa\u8b70\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u516c\u5712\u5167\u71ed\u5149\u5b88\u591c\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u2500\u2500\u8981\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u8981\u300c\u53cb\u597d\u800c\u548c\u85f9\u300d\u3002\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u8d8a\u6230\u5718\u9ad4\u51fa\u8eab\u7684James Fouratt\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5f48\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u9700\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u300c\u548c\u85f9\u500b\u5c41\uff01\u4f60\u770b\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\uff01\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\u2026\u2026\u8001\u5144\uff01\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\u5427\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u66b4\u52d5\u6216\u52d5\u5200\u69cd\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u6211\u5011\u7684\u672c\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u689d\u5b50\u5011\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u53ea\u807d\u5f97\u61c2\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u2026\u2026\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u5718\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff01\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u8457\u5206\u5316\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u524a\u5f31\u6211\u5011\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684<\/em>\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5408\u4f5c\u300d(Teal 18-19)\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u805a\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u548cMattachine\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463[19]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u9054\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u610f\u542b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u96c6\u7d50\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u8272\u5f69\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u7576\u90a3\u4e9b\u548cMattachine\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u7684\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u904b\u52d5\u80cc\u666f\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6fc0\u9032\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57287\u670824\u65e5\u96c6\u7d50\u805a\u6703\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\u6a19\u984c\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9769\u547d\u300d(The Homoseuxal Revolution)\u7684\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u5ba3\u4e5f\u9996\u5ea6\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u300c\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u300d(revolutionary movement)\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd(Teal 19)\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u300c\u4e0d\u53d7\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u516c\u958b\u611b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u611b\u4e4b\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5011\u62d2\u7d55\u63a5\u53d7\u7570\u6027\u6200\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u6027\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u300d(Teal 20)\u3002\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u5f8c\uff0c7\u670831\u65e5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5728\u300c\u53e6\u985e\u5927\u5b78\u300d\u518d\u5ea6\u805a\u6703[20]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u6b21\u805a\u6703\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u8207\u6bd4\u8f03\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u540c\u6027\u611b(homophile)\u7d44\u7e54\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u79ae\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5e74\u53cd\u53db\u300d(gay youth rebellion)\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd(Faderman, “The Big Bang” 21)\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d(Gay Liberation Front, GLF)\u4f5c\u70ba\u540d\u7a31\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6df5\u6e90\u2500\u2500\u4e94\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0b\u6c42\u812b\u96e2\u6cd5\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d8a\u6230\u4e2d\u7531\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u968a\u4f0d\uff0c\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u7a31\u547c\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d(National Liberation Front) (Teal 22)\u2500\u2500\u800c\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8868\u660e\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6fc0\u9032\u7acb\u5834\u96c6\u9ad4\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u7d50\u5408\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9810\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u5c07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u6b96\u53cd\u5e1d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u5f62\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u662f\u500b\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u968e\u5c64\u95dc\u4fc2\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u5730\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54Mattachine\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u544a\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5f88\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u904b\u52d5\u300d(Power ix)\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u548cMattachine\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u6a23\u4ee5\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u6b61\u8fce\u6240\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u52a0\u5165\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u6210\u54e1\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u53c3\u52a0\u5b83\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u52a0\u6c7a\u8b70(Teal 84)\u3002\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u76ea\u885d\u7a81\u9010\u6b65\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u9ea5\u5361\u932b\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7528\u9ad8\u5ea6\u56b4\u8b39\u96b1\u5bc6\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u6210\u54e1\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u5728\u7684\u9ad8\u8ac7\u95ca\u8ad6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u52d5\u51fa\u64ca\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e2d\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u7a2e\u7570\u8cea\u904b\u52d5\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4efd\u5b50\u4e5f\u5728\u65e5\u6f38\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9078\u5b9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c3\u8207\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u5408\u4e4e\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u9577\u671f\u58df\u65b7\u6216\u4e3b\u5c0e\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u805a\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5197\u9577\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u7528\u591a\u6578\u6c7a\u7684\u6295\u7968\u66b4\u529b\u4f86\u4efb\u610f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u5e38\u5e38\u8cbb\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5718\u7d50\u300d(Teal 84)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u51fa\u7dda\uff0c\u5e36\u52d5\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u6a19\u793a\u51fa\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u904e\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u6c23\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u53e3\u865f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u505a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bb3\u6015\u300d(Be Yourself; Don’t Be Afraid)(Teal 94)\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53e3\u865f\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u6ce2\u6fe4\u6d36\u6e67\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6380\u8d77\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u3002\u5c31\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u8c6a\u300d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u300c\u51fa\u6ac3\u300d(come out)\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300c\u5df2\u7d93\u812b\u53bb\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u812b\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u6b98\u7559\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u6d3b\u5728\u65e5\u5149\u4e0b\u300d(Teal 35)\uff1b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6c92\u628a\u300e\u9663\u7dda\u300f\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u7fa4\u6b63\u5728\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u65e9\u5df2\u5fb9\u5e95\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u982d\u52a0\u5165\u6230\u9b25\u3002\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u9047\u5230\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u300d(Teal 35-36)\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u51fa\u6ac3\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u627f\u8a8d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u4ea4\u5fc3\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u516c\u958b\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u300c\u5411\u8ab0\u300d\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u614b\u5ea6\u300d\u4f86\u627f\u8a8d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u62d2\u7d55\u539f\u672c\u9ecf\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9a55\u50b2\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u300d(D’Emilio & Freedman 322)\u3002\u5728\u8857\u982d\u904b\u52d5\u96c6\u9ad4\u547c\u558a\u7684\u9ad8\u4ea2\u53e3\u865f\u548c\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u614b\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u6ac3\u300d\u9996\u5ea6\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u6700\u5177\u885d\u649e\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u9ad4\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u5c6c\u65bc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u9023\u7dda\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d7\u5230\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u7570\u8b70\u7fa4\u9ad4\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u4eba\u58eb\u7b49\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u548c\u5f8c\u8005\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\u7684\u6297\u722d\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u6ac3\u7684\u885d\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u51fa\u6ac3\u6c23\u52e2\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u523b\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u9762\u8c8c\u4f86\u3002\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u9032\u6b65\u9663\u71df\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u5411\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e73\u7b49\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u554f\u984c\u300d(The Woman Question)\u65bc1967\u5e74\u5728\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u51fa\u7dda(Echols 38-43; Faderman 210-12)\uff1b\u4f46\u662f1968\u5e748\u6708\u56e0\u62d2\u65a5\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u6027\u5225\u76f2\u9ede\u800c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u652f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u300d(Women’s Liberation)\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u610f\u8b58\u4e0a\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u6562\u606d\u7dad(Echols 210-15; Faderman 212-14)\u3002\u88ab\u9032\u6b65\u904b\u52d5\u6383\u904e\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5728\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4f54\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u89ba\u5f97\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\uff0c1970\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u958b\u59cb\u7c4c\u5283\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u821e\u6703\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u806f\u8abc\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u52df\u6b3e\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4fbf\u81ea\u7d44\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d(Radicalesbians)\uff0c\u548c\u5225\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5982\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5973\u4eba\u89e3\u653e\u300d\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5834\u57df(Adam 99; Teal 165-69)\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u5de6\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d93\u9a57\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6fc0\u9032\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u57281970\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5a66\u904b\u5927\u8001\u8cb6\u6291\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u59ca\u59b9\u7684\u5c01\u865f\u300c\u7d2b\u8272\u9ebb\u7169\u300d(Lavender Menace)\u4f5c\u70ba\u6297\u722d\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u8cb6\u6291\u7684\u540d\u865f\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u70ba\u81ea\u50b2\u7684\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u6311\u6230\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a66\u904b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u767c\u5a66\u904b\u9663\u71df\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6e05\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5982\u524d\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u54e1Rita Mae Brown\u548cMartha Shelley\u90fd\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u4e86\u5a66\u904b(Adam 97; Echols 213-15)\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4e0a\u7684\u6beb\u4e0d\u9000\u7e2e\u5916\uff0cBrown\u548cShelley\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d93\u9a57\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u61c9\u8a72\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9023\u7dda\u7d50\u76df\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7f6e\u63db\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u7591\u616e\uff1a\u7576\u5979\u5011\u9019\u500b\u4e32\u9023\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u88ab\u4eba\u6279\u8a55\u6642\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u7537\u6027\u300d\u7684<\/strong>(Adam 103)\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7a81\u98db\u731b\u9032\u78ba\u5be6\u548c\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u9707\u76ea\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8d0a\u540c\u6216\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\uff09\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u9032\u6b65\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u5728\u6c23\u52e2\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u601d\u8003\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6b23\u8cde\u9019\u7a2e\u516c\u958b\u7684\u3001\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u7684\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u65b0\u8fd1\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u6311\u91c1\u65b9\u5f0f\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002Mattachine\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u5c31\u6279\u8a55\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u597d\u50cf\u300c\u5145\u6eff\u592a\u591a\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u548c\u81ea\u6068\u81ea\u68c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5411\u5225\u4eba\u72c2\u558a\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff01\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\uff01\u300f\u300d(Teal 60)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u540c\u6027\u6200\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u8c6a\u800c\u4e0d\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u4e0d\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u5c0d\u6b67\u8996\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u90a3\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u6d3e\u904b\u52d5\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u903c\u8feb\u5c1a\u672a\u8868\u614b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u300c\u73fe\u5f62\u300d(outing)\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u5316\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6c23\u52e2(Teal 63)\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u300c\u81ea\u8c6a\u300d\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u529b\u9ede\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u51fa\u6ac3\u548c\u73fe\u8eab\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u904b\u52d5\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u70ba\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u6295\u4e0b\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u99d5\u99ad\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\u6c23\u52e2\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u81ea\u8c6a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6230\u7dda\u8da8\u52e2\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u9ad4\u58d3\u8feb\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u523b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u7586\u754c\uff0c\u548c\u5225\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u806f\u76df\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u65b0\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5316\u300d\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5c31\u5ba3\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u597d\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5f62\u6210\u4e32\u9023\uff0c\u4e92\u70ba\u652f\u63f4(Hogan & Hudson 239)[22]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9023\u7dda\u95dc\u4fc2\u5728\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u5f62\u5b9a\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u300c\u523a\u773c\u300d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa[23]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u96e2\u958bMattachine\u7684\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u8a08\u756b\u57281969\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\u8209\u884c\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u529b\u5b88\u591c\u300d\u4ee5\u6297\u8b70\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e8b\u524d\u6d3e\u767c\u5ba3\u50b3\u6587\u5ba3\u6642\u78b0\u5230\u5e7e\u500b\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u6210\u54e1\u525b\u597d\u5728\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u6751\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u62d8\u7559\u6240\u524d\u793a\u5a01\u6297\u8b70\u8981\u6c42\u91cb\u653e\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u3002\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u6210\u54e1\u807d\u898b\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u529b\u91cf\u300d(Gay Power!)\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u6642\uff0c\u524d\u4f86\u52a0\u5165\u8072\u63f4\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2dMichael Brown\u5efa\u8b70\u79ae\u5c1a\u5f80\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u8209\u884c\u6297\u8b70\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u8072\u63f4\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\u7acb\u523b\u5f15\u767c\u6bcd\u6703Mattachine\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\uff1b\u5c0d\u7e3d\u90e8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u53ea\u80fd\u4ecb\u5165\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\uff0cMattachine Society\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u95dc\u5fc3\u6240\u6709\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u7684(Teal 17)\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u898b\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u548c\u6bcd\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9694\u95a1\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u5f8c\u4f86\u812b\u96e2Mattachine\u800c\u81ea\u7acb\u9580\u6236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6575\u613e\u540c\u4ec7\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5408\u4f5c\u537b\u4f7f\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7dad\u6301\u548c\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u6700\u9ad8\u7e3d\u6307\u63eeHuey P. Newton\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u958b\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0d\u7570\u6027\u6200\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7537\u6027(Teal 153)\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281970\u5e74\u4fbf\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\u8868\u9054\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u7d50\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8aaa\u540c\u6027\u505a\u4e0d\u6210\u9769\u547d\u4efd\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u6700\u5177\u9769\u547d\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u2026\u300d(Adam 86; Thorstad 326-27)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9023\u7d50\u52d5\u4f5c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u50cf\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u9019\u985e\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u89ba\u609f\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u4e32\u9023\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6297\u722d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\u4ecd\u7136\u7a4d\u6975\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u73fe\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5728\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5f31\u52e2\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u8005\u540c\u547d\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7576\u6642\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u7b49\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u7acb\u5834[24]<\/strong><\/a>\u30021969\u5e748\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u53cd\u6230\u548c\u53cd\u5fb5\u5175\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u65d7\u5e5f\u9996\u5ea6\u516c\u958b\u5c55\u73fe\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4e86\u96fb\u8996\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53c3\u8207\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u5834\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u51fa\u6ac3(Teal 36)\u3002\u5728\u4e32\u9023\u7d71\u6230\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9023\u5927\u578b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6fc0\u9032\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u884c\u52d5\u5408\u6d41\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u30021969\u5e748\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u5c46\u300c\u5317\u7f8e\u540c\u6027\u611b\u7d44\u7e54\u6703\u8b70\u300d(North America Conference of Homophile Organizations, NACHO)\u5728\u582a\u85a9\u65af\u53ec\u958b\u6642\u5c31\u6d6e\u73fe\u4e86\u6fc0\u9032\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u9084\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1c\u6fc0\u9032\u5ba3\u8a00\uff1e\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u897f\u88d4\u3001\u5b09\u76ae\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u7b49\u906d\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u4e26\u80a9\u6230\u9b25\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u548c\u5ba3\u793a\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u8272\u5f69(Teal 38)\u300210\u670815\u65e5\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u53c3\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u6027\u7684\u8d8a\u6230\u505c\u6230\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6587\u5ba3\u4e0a\u660e\u767d\u5ba3\u544a\uff1a\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u89ba\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u8207\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7570\u6027\u6200\u8005\u76f8\u5de6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u907a\u61be\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u6b61\u8fce\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u80fd\u548c\u652f\u6301\u505c\u6230\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6578\u4ee5\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u5973\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u548c\u6578\u4ee5\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u5973\u7537\u7570\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u53cd\u6230\u7acb\u5834\u300d(Teal 52)\u30021970\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c46\u300c\u5317\u7f8e\u540c\u6027\u611b\u7d44\u7e54\u6703\u8b70\u300d\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u53ec\u958b\uff0c\u5927\u6703\u751a\u81f3\u901a\u904e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u570b\u5f9e\u8d8a\u5357\u64a4\u5175\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6388\u6b0a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7f77\u5de5\u65e5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u7d00\u5ff5\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u6642\u5728\u7d0d\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\u4e2d\u55aa\u751f\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200(Adam 86)\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6c7a\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u5207\u5df2\u7d93\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u3001\u773c\u524d\u7684\u3001\u756b\u5730\u70ba\u9650\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5617\u8a66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5171\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u8a34\u6c42\u4e0a\u4e92\u70ba\u5967\u63f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5728\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u990a\u6210\u4e5f\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u540c\u6027\u6200\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u53ec\u559a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u617e\u671b\u3001\u53ca\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u5728\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e2d\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8b70\u984c(cf. Echols; Teal 169)\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u5dee\u7570\u8b70\u984c(Teal 194)\u3001\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8b70\u984c(Teal 170-72)\u3001\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u548c\u53cd\u4e32\u8005\u8b70\u984c(Teal 190-95)\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u6f38\u6b21\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c23\u6c1b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u820a\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u51fa\u9707\u807e\u767c\u77b6\u7684\u63d0\u9192\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6c1b\u570d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u653f\u9ee8\u6216\u8a31\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9084\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u7559\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u500b\u5225\u5de6\u6d3e\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\u7e54\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u8d70\u8001\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b6470\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8a34\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u300c\u7d05\u8774\u8776\u300d(Red Butterfly)\uff1b\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u63d0\u51fa\u7cbe\u95e2\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5206\u6790\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5de6\u6d3e\u96c6\u9ad4\u300d(Gay Left Collective)\uff1b\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u7684\u300c\u7d2b\u8272\u8207\u7d05\u8272\u806f\u76df\u300d(Lavender & Red Union)\uff1b\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u300c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8207\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(Committee of Lesbian and Gay Male Socialists)\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9769\u547d\u8207\u540c\u6027\u6200\u706b\u7130\u300d(Gay Revolution and Gay Flames)\uff1b\u300c\u7d2b\u8272\u5de6\u6d3e\u300d(Lavender Left) (Thorstad 322)\uff1b\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d(Radicalesbians)\uff1b\u300c\u8857\u982d\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u52d5\u9769\u547d\u8005\u300d(Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries)(Hekma et. al. 2)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u4e26\u975e\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u767d\u7a2e\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u975e\u88d4\u548c\u897f\u88d4\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e5f\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9769\u547d\u300d(Third World Gay Revolution)\u7b49\u7d44\u7e54(Adam 85)\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u65e9\u57281969\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u611b\u884c\u52d5\u806f\u76df\u300d(Homophile Action Alliance)\u4e5f\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u63f4\u7528\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u5b57\u5f59\u4f86\u5ba3\u544a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6d3b\u5728\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8afa\u8a9e\u5c31\u662f\u2500\u2500\u5c0d\u6297\u300d(Faderman, “The Big Bang” 18)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u70ba70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5de6\u7ffc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5404\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u5834\u57df\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u727d\u9023\u2500\u2500\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u5de6\u7ffc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8857\u982d\u6297\u8b70\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u6027\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u65b0\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8d70\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u540c\u6027\u611b(homophile)\u8def\u7dda\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u624d\u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u4fee\u6cd5\u770b\u4f86\u6709\u671b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6848\u4ef6\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u9ede\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5206\u4eab\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u523b\u537b\u8dd1\u51fa\u4f86\u4e00\u5806\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7a4d\u6975\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8511\u8996\u8001\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u53ea\u60f3\u63a8\u52d5\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u5fc3\u53bb\u652f\u63f4\u5225\u7684\u904b\u52d5(Teal 74)\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u65e5\u6f38\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u300c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u9023\u7d50\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u6216\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u70ba\u63a1\u53d6\u5de6\u7ffc\u50be\u5411\u3001\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u76df\uff0c\u800c\u56b4\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u300d(Teal 74)\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u6182\u616e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u624d\u6709\uff0c\u65e9\u57281969\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u96dc\u8a8cAdvocate<\/em>\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u984c\u70ba\uff1c\u5225\u518d\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u4e00\u8d77\u5edd\u6df7\u4e86\uff01\uff1e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u548c\u5de6\u6d3e\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u8fd1\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u66fe\u7d93\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u793e\u7fa4\u9700\u8981\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5011\u501a\u8cf4\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7570\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5011\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u9aee\u5eca\u3001\u6642\u88dd\u884c\u696d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u300d(Teal 76)\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6240\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u7d0d\u2500\u2500\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u76ee\u6a19\u6975\u7aef\u76f8\u53cd\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u300d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u6c92\u8208\u8da3\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u5fc3\u53e3\u4e0d\u4e00(Teal 76)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8907\u96dc\u4f46\u53e3\u5f91\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7591\u61fc\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u65b0\u5de6\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e4b\u5167\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6642\u7684\u5f15\u767c\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\u4e5f\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f62\u6210\u62c9\u92f8\u3002\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u525b\u525b\u6210\u7acb\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u722d\u8b70\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u548c\u7576\u6642\u6700\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u5b78\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u751f\u806f\u76df\u300d(Students for a Democratic Society, SDS)\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u767c\u5c55\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u64f4\u5927\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6230\u7dda\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u8fd1\u6fc0\u5316\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6fc0\u9032\u4efd\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u505a\u500b\u6fc0\u9032\u4efd\u5b50\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u53ea\u505a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6fc0\u9032\u4efd\u5b50\u3002\u5012\u5e95\u662fLeft Gay\u9084\u662fGay Leftists\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5c31\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6210\u54e1\u5011\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u65e9\u5e74\u5148\u5728\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u597d\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6d6e\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u8a31\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4efd\u91cf\u5b70\u91cd\u5b70\u8f15\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6642\u5e8f\u4e0a\u6709\u5148\u6709\u5f8c\u7684\u554f\u984c(Teal 35)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u904b\u52d5\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u548c\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\u6216\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u9023\u7dda\u6642\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u5f8c\u537b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e26\u50f5\u5316\u70ba\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9020\u6210\u6289\u64c7\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6fc0\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u4f7f\u5f97\u500b\u4eba\u5fe0\u8aa0\u8207\u5426\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u76ca\u5f62\u5c16\u92b3\u6642\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u5c40\u52e2\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u30021969\u5e7411\u6708\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u70ba\u53e6\u8d77\u7210\u7076\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff1b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51fa\u8d70\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u5c0d\u5de6\u7ffc\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u7591\u616e\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u7531\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u6210\u6548\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u7570\u8b70\u3002\u5f9e\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u51fa\u8d70\u81ea\u7acb\u9580\u6236\u7684Jim Owles\u548cMarty Robinson\u90fd\u8aaa\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u592a\u904e\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u7121\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u5b9a\u9078\u8209\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u8a00\u8ad6\u9ad8\u4ea2\u800c\u7121\u5be6\u8cea\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c0a\u91cd\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u592a\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u5168\u526f\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Owles\u548cRobingson\u624d\u60f3\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u884c\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\u806f\u76df\u300d(Gay Activists Alliance, GAA)\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c08\u5fc3\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u76ca\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b70\u984c(Adam 86; Teal 110)\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8b93\u8a31\u591a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u662f\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u9023\u7d50\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u6709\u50cf\u300c\u516d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5de6\u7ffc\u9769\u547d\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u662f\u5206\u88c2\u7576\u665a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u2500\u2500\u6b63\u662f\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u662f\u5426\u8981\u652f\u6301\u9ed1\u8c79\u9ee8\uff0c\u800c\u6295\u7968\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64GAA\u7684\u51fa\u8d70\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7d55\u5c0d\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u6709\u95dc(Teal 89)\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u5f8c\u4f86\u9084\u662f\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5834\u5408\u4e2d\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n

GAA\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d(conservative radicalism)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u8001\u6d3e\u540c\u6027\u611b\u8def\u7dda\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u5de6\u7ffc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8def\u7dda\u4e2d\u63a1\u53d6\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053(Teal 111)\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u4e4b\u5167\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6f38\u9032\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u722d\u53d6\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u6709\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u968e\u5c64\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u60f3\u5728\u73fe\u6709\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u8a34\u6c42\u4e3b\u6d41\u50f9\u503c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a0e\u597d\u7576\u4e0b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u98fd\u53d7\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u53e3\u5473\u7684\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6fc0\u9032\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u6642\u4fbf\u6709\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u885d\u7a81\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b83\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u7d00\u5f8b\u548c\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982GAA\uff0c\u6642\u81f31971\u5e74\uff0c\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u5e7e\u4e4e\u865b\u6709\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8aaa\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d(Front)\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u50cf\u500b\u300c\u9580\u9762\u300d(front)\u3002\u4ee5\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c 1970\u5e74\u590f\u672b\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e8619\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u5c0f\u7d44\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\uff09\u300112\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u89ba\u9192\u5c0f\u7d44\u3001\u9031\u4e09\u6709\u5c08\u5c6c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u805a\u6703\u3001\u9031\u65e5\u6709\u5c08\u5c6c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u805a\u6703\u30013\u500b\u7fa4\u5c45\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca1\u500b\u6fc0\u9032\u8b80\u66f8\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u805a\u6703\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6709\u7279\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u81e8\u6642\u7d44\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u537b\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u61b2\u7ae0\u6216\u5c08\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1(Teal 136)\u3002\u4ee5\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u8b70\u984c\u7d1b\u7d1b\u51fa\u7c60\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7acb\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5354\u5546\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u806f\u5408\u7684\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u6c23\u606f\u548c\u4e32\u9023\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u64f4\u6563\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u5404\u7a2e\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u65e5\u5f8c\u6297\u722d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u65b0\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9177\u5152\u904b\u52d5\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u524d\u671f\u4ee5\u5de6\u7ffc\u70ba\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u524d\u9a45[25]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6297\u722d\u51fa\u7dda\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u7a7f\u900f\u6298\u5c04\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6fc0\u5316\u9707\u76ea\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u300c\u540c\u8cea\u6027\u300d\u7acb\u523b\u627f\u53d7\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8003\u9a57\uff0c\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7cfe\u845b\u4e5f\u7acb\u523b\u5728\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u6ce2\u52d5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6027\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8003\u9a57\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u6b67\u7570\u6703\u4ee5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u5316\u89e3\u3001\u6392\u64e0\u6216\u6839\u672c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u770b\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u4ee5\u53ca\u904b\u52d5\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u89d2\u529b\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff1b\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u9177\u5152\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u516c\u6848\u6b63\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u689d\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(identity politics)\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u9177\u5152\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u4e4b\u62bd\u8c61\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u9177\u5152\u8eab\u5206\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u6e38\u79fb\u7684\u3001\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u807d\u4f86\u4e5f\u5e36\u8457\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u3001\u6d3b\u8e8d\u8b8a\u63db\u7684\u9a5a\u559c\u6a02\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u540c\u6642\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u9177\u5152\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5e38\u5e38\u4f34\u96a8\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u2500\u2500\u66b4\u529b\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff1b\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u58d3\u6291\u5f80\u5f80\u4e26\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u7236\u6b0a\u7570\u6027\u6200\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f86\u81ea\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u300d\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59ca\u59b9\u5011\uff0c\u5b83\u4f86\u81ea\u63a9\u84cb\u5728\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u5206\uff08\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\uff08\u5de6\u7ffc\uff09\u9177\u5152\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u58d3\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u5411\u8457\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u6b23\u7fa8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u2500\u2500\u800c\u662f\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5f37\u70c8\u53d7\u5230\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u3001\u90a3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8aaa\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6b61\u6b23\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c07\u9177\u5152\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7279\u8cea\u6ef2\u900f\u9032\u5165\u5404\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u767e\u6298\u4e0d\u6493\u7684\u6297\u722d\u548c\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u6b63\u662f\uff08\u5de6\u7ffc\uff09\u9177\u5152\u904b\u52d5\u6700\u53ef\u8cb4\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u70ba\u300c\u60c5\u617e\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(erotic politics, or, politics of sexuality)\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u300c\u5c0e\u8ad6\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u300d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u3008\u6027\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u767e\u5e74\u6027\u53f2\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u56db\u6027\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\uff0c\u5143\u5c0a\u6587\u5316\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c33-99\u9801\u3002\u6700\u5148\u5beb\u5b8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u3008\u8272\u60c5\u8207\u5973\uff0f\u6027\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3009\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c25\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c1996\u5e749\u6708\uff0c6-37\u9801\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u7de8\u865fNSC87-2411-H-008-006\u4e4b\u7d50\u6848\u5831\u544a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> 1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6027\u9769\u547d\u73fe\u8c61\u56fa\u7136\u6709\u5176\u7a81\u7834\u6210\u898f\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u601d\u8003\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u4ecd\u662f\u555f\u8499\u4ee5\u4f86\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u666e\u540c\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4ecd\u662f\u666e\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u666e\u540c\u4eba\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u81ea\u7531(cf. Ehrenreich et. al.)\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6c92\u6709\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u9177\u5152\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9177\u5152\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u5728\u9019\u5e7e\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6297\u722d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5617\u8a66\u64fa\u812b\u7a7a\u6cdb\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u6307\u5411\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> 1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c23\u6c1b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8207\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7d93\u5e38\u540c\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u8aaa\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u6c88\u9ed8\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u53c3\u898bJacquelyn Dowd Hall, “Open Secrets: Memory, Imagination and the Refashioning of Southern Identity,” American Quarterly<\/em> 50.1 (March 1998): 109-124\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u5728The Mattachine\uff081953\u5e74\u6539\u7d44\u5f8c\u6b63\u540d\u70baMattachine Society\uff0c\u53c3\u898bTeal 28)\u51fa\u73fe\u4e4b\u524d\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7d10\u7d04\u548c\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u7684Veterans Benevolent Association\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u57281947\u5e74\u79c1\u4e0b\u5370\u884c\u5167\u90e8\u6d41\u901a\u7684Vice Versa<\/em>\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6230\u722d\u52d5\u54e1\u671f\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61(Adam 67)\u3002Mattachine Society\u7684\u524d\u8eabInternational Fraternal Orders for Peace and Social Dignity\uff08\u53c8\u7a31Bachelors Anonymous\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u6210\u7684Bachelors for Wallace\u52a9\u9078\u5718\u9ad4\uff09\u57281950\u5e74\u4e5f\u5ba3\u7a31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u798f\u5229\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u300d(Thorstad 339)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u8cea\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5341\u5206\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u7c21\u7565\u7684\u5e36\u904e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6df1\u5177\u5de6\u7ffc\u7acb\u5834\u7684John D’Emilio\u505a\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> 1917\u5e74\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u672c\u4f86\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u958b\u660e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u6027\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u524d\u6240\u672a\u898b\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u65b0\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u6d89\u5165\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u908a\u7de3\u60c5\u617e\u5982\u809b\u4ea4\u3001\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7b49\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u6b0a\u5f8c\u5168\u9762\u6383\u8569\u7570\u5df1\uff0c1934\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u6200\u518d\u5ea6\u6210\u70ba\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c1944\u5e74\u58ae\u80ce\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u9023\u96e2\u5a5a\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7f70\u9370(Adam 50-52)\u3002\u98a8\u6c23\u6240\u81f3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u570b\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u7d44\u7e54\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c55\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u5c07\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e86\u5f15\u865f\u7684\u300c\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\u4f86\u6307\u6d89\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8a8d\u540c\u5728\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u5275\u59cb\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u53ca\u6297\u722d\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5982Hay\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5287\u5834\u7d93\u9a57\uff1bRowland\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u5c31\u906d\u53d7\u53cd\u5171\u6aa2\u9a57\uff1bJennings\u66fe\u70ba\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u6b0a\u76ca\u800c\u52aa\u529b\uff1bGernreich\u9003\u96e2\u4e86\u5967\u5730\u5229\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3(D\u2019Emilio 24)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6297\u722d\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u9577\u5e74\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u300c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u5c1a\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u578b\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u884c\u52d5\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5ee3\u53d7\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u4f86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u53e6\u985e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u7030\u6f2b\u8457\u4e00\u80a1\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u3001\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u300d(D’Emilio 29)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Mattachine\u904e\u5ea6\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6210\u9577\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u500d\u53d7\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u968e\u5c64\u5f80\u5f80\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u8abf\u6559\u5c31\u62ab\u639b\u4e0a\u5834\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u548c\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u65e5\u6f38\u55ae\u8584\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u54e1Hay\u548cRowland\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8faf\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u8981\u91cd\u7d44Mattachine\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u653e\u7684\u5730\u4e0a\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c01\u9589\u6027\u548c\u7d14\u6de8\u6027(D\u2019Emilio 37-38)\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u54e1\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c1953\u5e74\u7684Mattachine\u5927\u6703\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f35\uff0c\u628a\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5168\u90e8\u8d95\u51fa\u4e86\u9818\u5c0e\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u4e0b\u8a73\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u9019\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u6e05\u9ee8\u300d\u5c0d\u5275\u6703\u5143\u8001\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0a\u7684\u632b\u6557\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6253\u64ca\uff0cHull\u5f8c\u4f86\u81ea\u6bba\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0cJennings\u5fb9\u5e95\u9000\u51fa\u904b\u52d5\uff0cRowland\u9157\u9152\u4ee5\u7d42\uff0c\u53ea\u6709Hay\u6301\u7e8c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u518d\u751f(D’Emilio 54-55)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5247\u57281955\u5e74\u7d44\u6210\u4e86Daughters of Bilitis\u7684\u806f\u8abc\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u90fd\u6709\u9817\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02Consciousness-raising\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4ea4\u5fc3\u6d3b\u52d5\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u8fb2\u6c11\u4e2d\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u61b6\u82e6\u601d\u751c\u300d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u9ed1\u4eba\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u300c\u7d30\u8a34\u771f\u76f8\u300d(tell it like it is)\u7b49\uff0c\u74dc\u5730\u99ac\u62c9\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6e38\u64ca\u968a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u63d0\u5347\u7fa4\u773e\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> 19\u4e16\u7d00\u7531\u5de6\u6d3e\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u5df2\u7d93\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u5177\u8c61\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u50b3\u627f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u9818\u8896\u91d1\u6069\u5f15\u7533\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u8896\u7518\u5730\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7368\u7acb\u6642\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u898f\u907f\u3001\u6c88\u9ed8\u3001\u96b1\u5fcd\u4f86\u5bb9\u8a31\u767d\u4eba\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u4ee5\u4e0d\u542b\u6b66\u529b\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u975c\u614b\u884c\u52d5\uff08\u50cf\u975c\u5750\u3001\u793a\u5a01\u3001\u4f54\u64da\u767d\u4eba\u7279\u5b9a\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8e30\u8d8a\uff0f\u51f8\u986f\u7a2e\u65cf\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u6311\u6230\uff0f\u6311\u91c1\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u9694\u96e2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u9762\u5c0d\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u6df1\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u885d\u649e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u611b\u6ecb\u7d44\u7e54Act Up\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u7684OutRage\u6700\u5177\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u6297\u722d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4Act Up\u5c31\u66fe\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u6fc0\u9032\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5404\u9805\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u548c\u8a23\u7ac5(Katz xvi)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u662f\u500b\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5272\u88c2\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u91cd\u758a\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u54e1\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u64c1\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u800c\u540c\u6642\u52a0\u5165\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6297\u722d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6a02\u89c0\u800c\u5f37\u529b\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u6216\u662f\u5a66\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u6216\u662f\u53cd\u6230\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u6709\u7121\u6578\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6fc0\u9032\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u96d6\u7136\u6ecb\u990a\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6297\u722d\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u537b\u662f\u96b1\u8af1\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u58d3\u6291\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u76ca\u548c\u980c\u63da\u9694\u7d55\u7684\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u56e0\u6297\u8b70\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u9663\u71df\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8f15\u8511\u800c\u812b\u968a\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u81ea\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u9663\u71df\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u88c2\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55(Adam 79; Echols 27)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Beat\u610f\u6307\u300c\u8017\u76e1\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f86\u81eabeatitude\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6975\u6a02\u300d\u3002Beat\u4e16\u4ee3\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u904e\u5ea6\u8150\u6557\u3001\u904e\u5206\u770b\u91cd\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u9ef7\u6b66\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6e05\u8ca7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u8ff7\u5e7b\u85e5\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u6027\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u6cae\u55aa\u7121\u529b\u7684\u6df1\u6df5\u4e2d\u9054\u6210\u9748\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u555f\u767c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5e73\u975c\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71City Lights\u66f8\u5e97\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u8a69\u4ebaAllen Ginsberg\u3001Gregory Corso\u3001Gary Snyder\u3001William Burroughs\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u90fd\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u5e38\u898f\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u980c\u63da\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> 1974\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u52df\u6b3e\u6642\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6350\u6b3e\u7684\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u91ab\u751f\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u5c31\u9023\u533f\u540d\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u6350\u6b3e\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u86cb\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u3001\u6c92\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u982d\u7684\u88ab\u7236\u6b0a\u6587\u5316\u6d17\u4e86\u8166\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u602f\u61e6\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u5831\u511f\u90fd\u8981\u6b78\u65bc\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e86\u300d(Duberman 284)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u975e\u8b66\u65b9\u60e1\u610f\u9a37\u64fe\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u9152\u5427\u5340\u5167\u7684\u8b66\u65b9\u60e1\u610f\u81e8\u6aa2\u662f\u5e38\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9152\u5427\u5340\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u77f3\u7246\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5e38\u5e38\u6d41\u9023\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u5712\u5c31\u4e0d\u65b7\u906d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u7cfe\u5bdf\u968a\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e02\u6c11\u4ee5\u624b\u96fb\u7b52\u548c\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u5c0d\u8b1b\u6a5f\u5728\u516c\u5712\u5167\u88fd\u9020\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u5176\u6b0a\u5a01\u6642\u9084\u8aaa\u662f\u6709\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u30027\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u516c\u5712\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6a39\u6728\u5728\u591c\u9593\u88ab\u5168\u6578\u4fee\u77ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u6383\u9664\u516c\u5712\u4e2d\u7684\u96b1\u5bc6\u6027(Faderman, “The Big Ban” 21; Teal 10-11)\u30028\u67083\u65e5\u65b0\u8fd1\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u548cMattachine Society\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u66fe\u70ba\u6b64\u4e8b\u8209\u724c\u6297\u8b70(Adam 85; Teal 36)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u5f8c\u4f86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u5728Mattachine Society\u4e2d\u53c8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u975c\u5750\u548c\u4f54\u9818\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5438\u5f15\u529b(Teal 19)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u300c\u53e6\u985e\u5927\u5b78\u300d\u662f\u7576\u6642\u9032\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u958b\u8a2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u591c\u9593\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u7e3e\u3001\u5b78\u5206\u3001\u6216\u5e74\u9f61\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u300d(Teal 20n)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u53f2\u5bb6\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5c55\u73fe\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u9817\u70ba\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u8c6a\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u9a55\u50b2\u7b49\u7b49\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u8c61\u5fb5\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u6027\u5225\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u5167\u60f3\u8981\u5c55\u73fe\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u63a1\u7528\u967d\u525b\u7684\u3001\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u548c\u8868\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53f2\u5bb6\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7576\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7537\u4eba\u9010\u6f38\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u88dd\u626e\uff08\u5982\u9577\u9aee\u3001\u4eae\u8272\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u5e03\u6599\uff09\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u958b\u660e\u5f62\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u537b\u8f49\u800c\u7a7f\u8457\u725b\u4ed4\u5e03\u3001\u65b9\u683c\u3001\u53ca\u76ae\u9769\u7b49\u5145\u6eff\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u606f\u7684\u88dd\u626e\u4ee5\u5c55\u73fe\u529b\u91cf(Adam 104)\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u6b67\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8207\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u7cfe\u7d50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u6642\u5949\u70ba\u572d\u81ec\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u548c\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5c31\u662fWilhelm Reich\u7684\u300a\u6027\u9769\u547d\u300b\u548c Herbert Marcuse\u7684\u300a\u611b\u617e\u8207\u6587\u660e\u300b(Hekma et. al. 2)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u300c\u523a\u773c\u300d\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u76df\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u689d\u793e\u6703\u8ef8\u7dda\uff1a\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u3001\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u3001\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u9f52\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> 1972\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c08\u6b04\u4f5c\u5bb6Jack Anderson\u900f\u9732\u7f8e\u570b\u5b89\u5168\u4eba\u54e1\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u540d\u55ae\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u300d\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u300c\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u6cbb\u6697\u6bba\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u6069\u3001\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u5144\u5f1f\u7b49\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u653f\u6cbb\u6697\u6bba\u5f8c\u52a0\u5f37\u5b89\u6aa2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u300c\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u66b4\u529b\u7d44\u7e54(Thompson 68)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u4ee5\u6700\u523a\u6fc0\u773e\u4eba\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u300c\u9177\u5152\u570b\u65cf\u300d(Queer Nation)\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u500b1990\u5e74\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u9177\u5152\u300d\u300c\u570b\u65cf\u300d\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u5c0d\u540c\u5316\u878d\u5165\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e5f\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4e0d\u7529\u6210\u898f\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u6c23\u9b44\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u5c0b\u6c42\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u5f04\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6015\u63a1\u53d6\u4ee4\u4eba\u5074\u76ee\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u300c\u9177\u5152\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u540c\u6027\u6200\u91cd\u65b0\u596a\u56de\u7528\u4ee5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\uff0c1993\u5e74\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u8c6a\u5927\u904a\u884c\u300d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u9177\u5152\u5e74\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7acb\u523b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f15\u767c\u773e\u591a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u6295\u66f8\u5831\u7aef\u8faf\u8ad6\u6b64\u4e00\u8209\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5f71\u97ff(cf. Thomas)\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u898b\u4e0a\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u5206\u6b67\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u904b\u52d5\u8def\u7dda\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u6216\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u7cfe\u845b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff08\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u6027\u5225\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u300c\u9177\u5152\u570b\u65cf\u300d\u64da\u8aaa\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u2500\u2500\u807d\u4f86\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u7684\u2500\u2500\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u57281991\u5e74\u74e6\u89e3\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u5f88\u9b06\u6563\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6c7a\u7b56\u90fd\u7528\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u7570\u8b70\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u5de6\u6d3e\u7d44\u7e54\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u7d71\u6230\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6297\u722d\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u898b\u5dee\u7570\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u300c\u9177\u5152\u570b\u65cf\u300d\u52a0\u5165\u6297\u8b70\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u52d5\u6ce2\u65af\u7063\u6230\u722d\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u540c\u5fd7\u6279\u8a55\u9019\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u8207\u540c\u5fd7\u8b70\u984c\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u9023\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Adam, Barry D.\u00a0 The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement<\/em>.\u00a0 Revised Ed.\u00a0 New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

Altman, Dennis.\u00a0 “What Changed in the Seventies?”\u00a0 Gay Left Collective, ed.\u00a0 52-63.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beemyn, Brett & Mickey Eliason, eds.\u00a0 Queer Studies: A Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Anthology<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: New York UP, 1996.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019Emilio, John.\u00a0 Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and the University<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Routledge, 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019Emilio, John & Estelle B. Freedman.\u00a0 Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Harper & Row, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\n

Echols, Alice.\u00a0 Daring To Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967-1975<\/em>.\u00a0 Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ehrenreich, Barbara, Elizabeth Hess, & Gloria Jacobs.\u00a0 Re-Making Love: The Feminization of Sex<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Doubleday, 1986.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faderman, Lillian.\u00a0 “The Big Bang.”\u00a0 Thompson, ed.\u00a0 17-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Penguin, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gay Left Collective, ed.\u00a0 Homosexuality: Power and Politics<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Allison & Busby, 1980, 1982.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd.\u00a0 “Open Secrets: Memory, Imagination and the Refashioning of Southern Identity.”\u00a0 American Quarterly<\/em> 50.1 (March 1998): 109-124\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Hekma, Gert, Harry Oosterhuis, & James Steakley.\u00a0 “Leftist Sexual Politics and Homosexuality: A Historical Overview.”\u00a0 Hekma et. al., eds.\u00a0 1-40.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hekma, Gert, Harry Oosterhuis, & James Steakley, eds.\u00a0 Gay Men and the Sexual History of the Political Left<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Harrington Park Press, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hogan, Steve & Lee Hudson.\u00a0 Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n

Horowitz, David.\u00a0 “Queer Revolution: The Last Stage of Radicalism.”\u00a0 The Material Queer: A LesBiGay Cultural Studies Reader<\/em>.\u00a0 Edi. By Donald Morton.\u00a0 Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996.\u00a0 328-336.<\/span><\/p>\n

James, Christopher.\u00a0 “Denying Complexity: The Dismissal and Appropriation of Bisexuality in Queer, Lesbian, and Gay Theory.”\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Beemyn & Eliason, eds.\u00a0 217-240.<\/span><\/p>\n

Katz, Jonathan Ned.\u00a0 “Introduction to the 1995 Edition.”\u00a0 Teal.\u00a0 xv-xx.<\/span><\/p>\n

Power, Lisa.\u00a0 No Bath But Plenty of Bubbles: An Oral History of the Gay Liberation Front, 1970-1973.<\/em>\u00a0 London: Cassell, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

Segal, Lynne.\u00a0 Straight Sex: Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Virago, 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seidman, Steven.\u00a0 Embattled Eros: Sexual Politics and Ethics in Contemporary America<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Routledge, 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Romantic Longings: Love in America, 1830-1980<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smith, Cherry.\u00a0 “What Is This Thing Called Queer?”\u00a0 The Material Queer: A LesBiGay Cultural Studies Reader<\/em>.\u00a0 Ed. By Donald Morton.\u00a0 Boulder, CO: Westview P, 1996.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 277-285.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teal, Donn.\u00a0 The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969-1971<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: St. Martin’s P, 1971, 1995<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas, David J.\u00a0 “The ‘Q’ Word.”\u00a0 Special 25th<\/sup> Anniversary Issue: Queer Subjects.\u00a0 Socialist Review<\/em> 25.1 (1995): 69-94.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thompson, Mark, ed.\u00a0 Long Road to Freedom: The Advocate History of The Gay and Lesbian Movement<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: St. Martin’s P, 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thornstad, David.\u00a0 “Homosexuality and the American Left: The Impact of Stonewall.”\u00a0 Hekma et. al., eds.\u00a0 319-350.<\/span><\/p>\n

Warner, Michael.\u00a0 “Introduction.”\u00a0 Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory<\/em>.\u00a0 Ed. By Michael Warner.\u00a0 Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1993.\u00a0 vii-xxxi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Weeks, Jeffrey.\u00a0 Sexuality and Its Discontents: Meanings, Myths & Modern Sexualities<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Routledge, 1985.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uff081990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6211\u64e6\u69cd\u8d70\u706b\u7684\u9ede\u71c3\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[306,85,308],"class_list":["post-1397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25","tag-306","tag-85","tag-308"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1397"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6231,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1397\/revisions\/6231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}