{"id":1437,"date":"2011-08-01T00:48:18","date_gmt":"2011-07-31T16:48:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=1437"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:05:33","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:05:33","slug":"%e6%83%85%e6%84%9f%e5%ac%8c%e8%b2%b4%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%8a%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e6%80%a7%e4%bd%88%e5%b1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2011\/08\/%e6%83%85%e6%84%9f%e5%ac%8c%e8%b2%b4%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%8a%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e6%80%a7%e4%bd%88%e5%b1%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\uff1a\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u4f48\u5c40"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u65872011\u5e746\u670821-23\u65e5\u9996\u5ea6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c46\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8853\u6703\u8b70\u300d\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300b2011<\/span>\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u8f2f\uff08\u7e3d\u7b2c33<\/span>\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9ec3\u76c8\u76c8\u3001\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u6027\u5b78\u842c\u6709\u6587\u5eab062<\/span>\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\uff1a\u842c\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u9801262-276<\/span>\u3002\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u6536\u5165\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u300a\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2017\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u980143-62\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u518d\u6536\u5165\u300a\u8b8a\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8868\u9054\uff1a\u65b0\u6642\u671f\u5973\u6027\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u53f2\u6599\u8f2f\u300b\uff0c\u5b6b\u6842\u69ae\u7de8\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\uff0c161-175\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5927\u9678\u904a\u5ba2\u4f86\u53f0\u4eba\u6578\u5feb\u901f\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4f86\u53f0\u7d93\u9a57\u88e1\u7e3d\u662f\u63d0\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u79ae\u8c8c\u79e9\u5e8f\u6eab\u548c\u71b1\u60c5\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8cea\u3002\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u50b2\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Norbert Elias\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8cea\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u60c5\u611f\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u6027\u3001\u7c97\u66b4\u3001\u4fb5\u7565\u7b49\u7b49\u88ab\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u958b\u59cb\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6065\u8207\u53ad\u60e1\uff0c\u56e0\u7a4d\u6975\u8ff4\u907f\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u5247\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u6c23\u8cea\u5728\u968e\u7d1a\u7af6\u9010\u88e1\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u6307\u5411\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u5e95\u4e0b\u5305\u85cf\u7684\u5954\u9a30\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5247\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4ee5\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5316\uff0f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u5728\u8907\u96dc\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u88e1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u79ae\u8c8c\u79e9\u5e8f\u53cb\u5584\u7b49\u7b49\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u7684\u512a\u96c5\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u540c\u6642\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u52d5\u54e1\u8d77\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u3001\u4e0d\u512a\u96c5\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u73fe\u4ee3\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u9054\u6975\u7aef\u61a4\u6012\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u8207\u4ec7\u8996\uff08\u4e0d\u6b62\u65bcElias\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\u53ad\u60e1\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\u7279\u5225\u5c55\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u3001\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u6b63\u78ba\u800c\u4e14\u6beb\u4e0d\u6536\u6582\u7684\u4ed7\u7fa9\u51dc\u7136\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u96a8\u6642\u5ba3\u6d29\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7a69\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u6c61\u540d\u8207\u6027\u6050\u614c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6c83\u571f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u51dc\u7136\u8207\u4ed7\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u66f4\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6beb\u7121\u9867\u5fcc\u7684\u8868\u9054\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u72c2\u98c6\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u7576\u4ee3\u63c9\u5408\u6fc0\u60c5\u8207\u51b7\u8840\u570d\u527f\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u72c2\u71b1\u3001\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u5feb\u901f\u71d2\u5149\u4e86\u5584\u610f\u548c\u8010\u5fc3\u7684\u6c27\u6c23\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u8b2c\u89e3\u3001\u8b3e\u7f75\u3001\u8aa3\u544a\u3001\u51a4\u7344\uff0c\u6bd4\u6bd4\u53ef\u898b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7a00\u8584\u800c\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u5728\u906d\u9047\u6027\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u600e\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5bec\u539a\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u9051\u8ad6\u62b5\u6297\u6210\u898b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

2010\u5e7412\u6708\u6211\u53d7\u9080\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u300c\u5f9e\u897f\u5929\u5230\u4e2d\u571f\uff1a\u5370\u4e2d\u793e\u6703\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u56de\u61c9\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u8005Homi Bhabha\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u660e\u8207\u91ce\u883b\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u7ae0[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002Bhabha\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u6975\u5927\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u5247\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u4f86\u986f\u793a\u300c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u8208\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8207Bhabha\u5728\u73fe\u5834\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u56de\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5316\u8207\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u793e\u6703\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u8af8\u591a\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u60e1\u884c\u6642\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u7121\u5fc3\u4e5f\u7121\u529b\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u7576\u7136\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u70ba\u96aa\u60e1\u6575\u610f\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6027\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u8fd1\u5e74\u5c0d\u6587\u660e\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u53cd\u601d\u3002[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

1987\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u529b\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5c31\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u50ac\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5de5\u904b\uff09\u56e0\u70ba\u89f8\u53ca\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u58d3\u653f\u7b56\u6253\u58d3\u64fa\u5e73[3]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u653f\u904b\uff09\u5247\u7d44\u6210\u53cd\u5c0d\u9ee8\u52a0\u5165\u653f\u5c40\u89d2\u9010\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2000\u5e74\u9054\u6210\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u5169\u9ee8\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u8eab\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f46\u523b\u610f\u6de1\u5316\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u4e26\u7a4d\u6975\u5165\u4e16\u7684\u5a66\u5e7c\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u89e3\u56b4\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u9032\u4f54\u9053\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5730[4]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4f8b\u6e32\u67d3\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u559a\u9192\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6210\u898b\u548c\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u60c5\u611f\u8106\u5f31\u4e0d\u7a69\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\uff1b\u66f4\u5728\u516c\u773e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4ee5\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a34\u6c42\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u5f9e\u539f\u5148\u300c\u6027\u5225\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff08gender-oriented\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u5411\u300c\u5e74\u9f61\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff08age-oriented\uff09[5]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u5411\u4e2d\u6f38\u6b21\u7f6e\u63db\u4e86\u6240\u52d5\u54e1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u60c5\u611f\u9707\u76ea\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u4e00\u6ce2\u63a5\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u7dca\u7e2e\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u6700\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7576\u4e0b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\uff08\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u8a31\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u96d6\u7136\u56b4\u91cd\u4fb5\u72af\u53f0\u7063\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u50b2\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4eba\u6b0a\u537b\u4ecd\u5f97\u4ee5\u9806\u66a2\u9032\u884c\uff1f\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u901a\u904e\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u52e2\u5a66\u5e7c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u6cbb\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff081995\uff09\u3001\u3008\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff081997\uff09\u3001\u3008\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff081998\uff09\u3001\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u3009\uff082003\uff09\u3001\u3008\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u3009\uff082004\uff09\u3001\u3008\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff082005\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u540c\u610f\u300d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u548c\u6c1b\u570d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u652f\u6490\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u7531\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u689d\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u56b4\u5211\u5cfb\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u6e05\u7d14\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u5a66\u5e7c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u60f3\u50cf[6]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u9019\u4e9b\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u300d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u8207\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u6297\u62d2\u3001\u53cd\u800c\u71b1\u8aa0\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6210\u9577\u8207\u8f49\u578b\u50ac\u52d5\u4e86\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u60f3\u671b\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u570b\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u898f\u8a13\u800c\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u81ea\u8a31\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6cbb\u7406\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u9010\u6f38\u516c\u5171\u5316\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u9707\u76ea\u6c88\u6fb1\uff0c\u5c07\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u60c5\u611f\u6f38\u6b21\u8f49\u5316\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf[7]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56b4\u53b2\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u6aa2\u67e5\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u7576\u8209\u63aa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5316\u8207\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08governance\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u4f48\u5c40\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u65b0\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u904e\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u7a7a\u6cdb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89ba\u826f\u597d\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5be6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u671f\u8a31\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u96a8\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6d3b\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u6587\u660e\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u843d\u5be6\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u300d\u4e4b\u540d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6b63\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u56b4\u4e4b\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u904e\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u3002\u5ef6\u7e8c1934\u5e74\u81f31949\u5e74\u300c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u6240\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5316\u5fa9\u8208\u5354\u6703\u65bc1968\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u3008\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9808\u77e5\u3009\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f9e\u8a00\u8ac7\u8aaa\u8a71\u5230\u98df\u8863\u4f4f\u884c\u80b2\u6a02\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u79ae\u7bc0[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u67b6\u69cb\u8d77\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d93\u7def\u30021971\u5e74\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u9000\u51fa\u806f\u5408\u570b\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u914d\u5408\u8523\u4e2d\u6b63\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u838a\u656c\u81ea\u5f37\u300d\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7701\u6559\u80b2\u5ef3\u4e5f\u65bc\u6b21\u5e74\u4ee5\u3008\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9808\u77e5\u3009\u3001\u3008\u570b\u6c11\u79ae\u5100\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3009\u3001\u3008\u52e4\u5109\u7bc0\u7d04\u5132\u84c4\u904b\u52d5\u3009\u7b49\u7b49\u751f\u6d3b\u898f\u7bc4\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5[9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u570b\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5be6\u8e10\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u885b\u751f\u898f\u689d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u800c\u975e\u500b\u5225\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5c0e\u60c5\u64cd\u5247\u662f\u63c9\u5408\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u79ae\u7bc0\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5206\u5bf8\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u570b\u6c11\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u9054\u5230\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u95dc\u968e\u7d1a\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u95dc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u50b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u4fe1\u5fc3\u70d8\u6258\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u4f34\u96a8\u5c0a\u8cb4\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u5728\u5167\u6db5\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8207\u524d\u671f\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u6027\u300d\u8da8\u5411\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7a69\u56fa\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u571f\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u968e\u5c64\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u978f\u56fa\u4e86\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u70ba\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u63ee\u7051\u7a7a\u9593\u30021988\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u958b\u653e\u5927\u9678\u63a2\u89aa\u53ca\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u57f7\u7167\uff0c1989\u5e74\u842c\u5ba2\u9686\u3001\u5bb6\u6a02\u798f\u7b49\u5927\u578b\u8ce3\u5834\u5728\u53f0\u958b\u696d\uff0c\u65c5\u904a\u696d\u7684\u731b\u7206\u6210\u9577\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6e67\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u5728\u4ee5\u5168\u7403\u70ba\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6d88\u8cbb\u548c\u4f11\u9592\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u89aa\u8eab\u9ad4\u9a57\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u30021992\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u9996\u5ea6\u8a02\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u5916\u570b\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u9032\u5165\u4f4e\u968e\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4f48\u6eff\u5404\u7a2e\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u3001\u71df\u9020\u696d\u3001\u7167\u9867\u3001\u770b\u8b77\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8077\u5834\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7a7a\u9593[11]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u66f4\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u548c\u5927\u9678\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u91cf\u843d\u8173\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8a31\u591a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b[12]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u79fb\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5177\u73fe\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u53ef\u6b32\uff0c\u4e5f\u5370\u8b49\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6d88\u8cbb\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u6587\u5316\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u968e\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u671d\u91ce\u653f\u6cbb\u7af6\u9010\u6240\u64a9\u64a5\u7684\u672c\u571f\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u7279\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5c0a\u8cb4\u611f\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u81ea\u8eab\u5df2\u7d93\u812b\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u64e0\u8eab\u5148\u9032\u570b\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u5c64\u9762\u5f97\u5230\u64cd\u7df4\u548c\u8a8d\u80af\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53c8\u6301\u7e8c\u53d7\u5230\u9010\u6f38\u9ad8\u6f32\u7684\u672c\u571f\u8a8d\u540c\u6240\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u5f37\u70c8\u671f\u5f85\u88ab\u5c0a\u5d07\u3001\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u908a\u754c\u7684\u7dad\u8b77\u4e5f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8f49\u70ba\u56b4\u5cfb\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u632b\u6298\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c0d\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8209\u6b62\u5247\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u7206\u7c97\u53e3\u3001\u8b1b\u9ad2\u8a71\u7acb\u523b\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u3001\u6703\u88ab\u5168\u6c11\u570d\u527f[13]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4efb\u4f55\u4fae\u8fb1\u3002\u5927\u9678\u4e09\u9e7f\u724c\u6bd2\u5976\u7c89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5e02\u4e00\u7537\u5b50\u56e0\u571f\u5730\u7cfe\u7d1b\u800c\u7f75\u9130\u5c45\u300c\u6bd4\u6bd2\u5976\u9084\u6bd2\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cb6\u640d\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u63d0\u544a\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u4f9d\u516c\u7136\u4fae\u8fb1\u7f6a\u5224\u8655\u62d8\u5f7920\u5929[14]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6709\u570b\u4e2d\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u64cd\u5834\u7576\u8457\u5168\u6821\u5b78\u751f\u9762\u900f\u904e\u9ea5\u514b\u98a8\u8a13\u8aa1\u4e00\u540d\u5e38\u9072\u5230\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u662f\u9072\u5230\u5927\u738b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u5165\u91d1\u6c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7d00\u9304\u300d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u88ab\u5b78\u751f\u5bb6\u9577\u544a\uff0c\u5224\u62d8\u5f7940\u5929[15]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7f75\u4eba\u7528\u8a9e\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u8fd1\u5e74\u5b98\u53f8\u5224\u5211\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u800c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\uff1a\u7f75\u4eba\u300c\u770b\u9580\u72d7\u300d\uff0c\u7f70\u53f0\u5e635000\u5143[16]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u7f75\u4eba\u300c\u738b\u516b\u86cb\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u8ce0\u53f0\u5e631\u842c\u5143[17]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u5927\u5b78\u52a9\u6559\u7f75\u4e0d\u6703\u9078\u8ab2\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u300c\u8c6c\u300d\uff0c\u7f70\u53f0\u5e631\u842c\u5143[18]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u9130\u5c45\u5435\u67b6\u9806\u53e3\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u760b\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8996\u60c5\u6cc1\u5224\u7f70\u53f0\u5e631000\u523045000\u5143\u4e0d\u7b49\uff1b\u7f75\u4eba\u300c\u571f\u532a\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u62d8\u5f7925\u5929[19]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u7f75\u4eba\u300c\u7121\u804a\u7684\u67e5\u67d0\uff08\u5973\u4eba\uff09\u300d\u300c\u601d\u60df\u6709\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u62d8\u5f7930\u5929[20]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u88dc\u7fd2\u73ed\u8001\u95c6\u7f75\u73ed\u4e3b\u4efb\u300c\u80d6\u80d6\u919c\u919c\u50cf\u8c6c\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u8ce0\u53f0\u5e6310\u842c[21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u9678\u8ecd\u4e0a\u5c09\u516c\u958b\u8fb1\u7f75\u5973\u5175\u8207\u5176\u9577\u5b98\u662f\u300c\u59e6\u592b\u6deb\u5a66\u300d\uff0c\u5973\u5175\u63d0\u544a\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u516c\u7136\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u8655\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u52116\u500b\u6708[22]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u9762\u7f75\u4eba\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u516c\u7136\u4fae\u8fb1\u300d\u7f6a\uff0c\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u8ca0\u9762\u8a55\u8a9e\u6cc4\u61a4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u81f4\u798d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u5931\u6557\u5f8c\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u8aaa\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u662f\u300c\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u60e1\u9b54\u300d\u3001\u300c\u62ab\u7f8a\u76ae\u7684\u72fc\u9732\u51fa\u7319\u7370\u9762\u5b54\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u62d8\u5f7930\u5929[23]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7537\u9078\u624b\u4e09\u5ea6\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7559\u8a00\u8aaa\u5973\u9078\u624b\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u88ab\u544a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u62d8\u5f7940\u5929[24]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6559\u6388\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u8aaa\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u662f\u300c\u9ed1\u5e6b\u6210\u54e1\u300d\uff0c\u906d\u5224\u62d8\u5f7920\u5929\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u9918\u6012\u672a\u6d88\uff0c\u56de\u6587\u7f75\u6559\u6388\u300c\u5c45\u5fc3\u6b79\u6bd2\u3001\u60e1\u6027\u91cd\u5927\u3001\u5be6\u7f6a\u7121\u53ef\u902d\u300d\uff0c\u5224\u8ce0\u53f0\u5e63100\u842c[25]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6709\u8001\u5e2b\u9023\u7e8c18\u5929\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u7db2\u7ad9\u4ee5\u5b78\u751f\u8eab\u5206\u7559\u8a00\u8aaa\u540c\u4e8b\u662f\u300c\u760b\u6bcd\u72d7\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9ed1\u5fc3\u8001\u5e2b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6536\u4e86\u5bb6\u9577\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u300d\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u8ce0\u53f0\u5e6350\u842c[26]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u5728\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u7559\u8a00\u300c\u9a37\u8ca8\u3001\u8ce4\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u540c\u610f\u6a13\u4e0a\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u8d85\u8ce4\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u54c7\uff0c\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5973\u4eba\u597d\u5641\u5fc3\u300d\u7b49\uff0c\u71df\u9020\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7559\u8a00\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u62d8\u5f7959\u5929\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u7f70\u6b3e10\u842c\u5143[27]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\u8a9e\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u89ba\u5f97\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u6d29\u60c5\u7dd2\u3001\u767c\u8868\u8a55\u8ad6\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4eba\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u62c9\u4e0a\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u9662\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u76f8\u61c9\u505a\u51fa\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u904e\u53bb5\u5e74\u5167\u986f\u8457\u500d\u589e\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u805a\u5149\u5831\u5c0e[28]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5c0a\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7dad\u8b77\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u5411\u56b4\u53b2\uff0c\u4e5f\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u5c0a\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u7279\u6709\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u53d6\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u5be6\u9010\u6f38\u8abf\u6559\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u5f8b\u81ea\u8a31\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u660e\u76f8\u5f85\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u898b\uff0c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5f80\u5f80\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b62\u65bc\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6b77\u53f2\u8b8a\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u81ea\u6211\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\uff09\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4f86\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u5920\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u65bd\u884c\u7981\u5236\u8207\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u6240\u8b02\u826f\u597d\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u665a\u8fd1\u5152\u5c11\u6559\u990a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u98a8\u683c\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6642\uff0c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u6703\u52d5\u54e1\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u65bd\u58d3\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u6d88\u6ec5\u53e6\u985e\u7684\u5be6\u8e10[30]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5f9e\u300c\u81ea\u5f8b\u81ea\u8a31\u300d\u5411\u300c\u7981\u5236\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u6ed1\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u300d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7af6\u9010\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7af6\u9010\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7c97\u66b4\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u3001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7336\u592a\u88d4\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Norbert Elias\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u300b\uff08The Civilizing Process<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u66fe\u7d93\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u6b50\u6d32\u5931\u52e2\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u968e\u5c64\u8207\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u5c64\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9010\u6f38\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5bae\u5ef7\u793e\u6703\u88cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b0\u79ae\u8c8c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b0c\u8cb4\u6c23\u8cea\u4f86\u7af6\u722d\u968e\u7d1a\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u64f4\u6563\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u70ba\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u7d71\u4e00\u653f\u6b0a\u9810\u5099\u80fd\u5920\u5e73\u548c\u81ea\u5236\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u4ee5\u6587\u660e\uff08civility\uff09\u81ea\u5c45\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u60c5\u611f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u654f\u92b3\uff0c\u9867\u5fcc\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u8a55\u65b7\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6aa2\u8996\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8abf\u6574\u4ee5\u5c55\u73fe\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u73fe\u7f9e\u6065\u96e3\u582a\uff0c\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u611f\u6027\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u654f\u92b3\u5b0c\u8cb4\uff1a\u770b\u898b\u6c61\u7a62\u5c31\u63a9\u8d77\u9f3b\u5b50\u3001\u5225\u904e\u982d\u53bb\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u6027\u611b\u5834\u9762\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u7f9e\u6065\u5641\u5fc3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u64da\u8aaa\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53d7\u5230\u9707\u52d5\u9a5a\u5687\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5b0c\u8cb4\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5f62\u69cb\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u53f0\u7063\u7576\u4ee3\u5c0a\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5979\u5011\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u65e5\u6f38\u84ec\u52c3\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u8b70\u984c\u6642\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8f49\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u65b0\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u975e\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u5316\u751a\u81f3\u7f6a\u5211\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6975\u7aef\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u60c5\u611f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cElias\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u8cea\u8b8a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5011\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff09\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8868\u73fe\u9867\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7c97\u66b4\u50b2\u6162\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u8981\u7d30\u81a9\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u81ea\u5236\u3001\u59d4\u5a49\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c[31]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u5c55\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6df1\u690d\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u88cf\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u898f\u7bc4\u7fd2\u4fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u990a\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a55\u50f9\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u5f7c\u6b64\u63d0\u9192\u6ce8\u91cd\u826f\u597d\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6eab\u67d4\u7684\u63d0\u9192\u6bd4\u5632\u7b11\u8cac\u7f70\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u52fe\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u615a\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u89ba\u548c\u81ea\u5236\u3002Elias\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5206\u5bf8\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8b66\u89ba\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u300c\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u7121\u6240\u9867\u5fcc\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f9e\u6127\u548c\u96e3\u582a\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u300d[32]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9023\u63d0\u5230\u3001\u770b\u5230\u3001\u60f3\u5230\u90fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5c37\u5c2c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6975\u70ba\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u6b63\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u300c\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u300d\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u7531\u672c\u5730\u5a92\u9ad4\u751f\u614b\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u50be\u5411\u6240\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9818\u57df\u5247\u662f\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u9019\u500b\u300c\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u89f8\u89ba\u885d\u64ca\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\uff1f\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5373\u5c07\u767c\u751f\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u671f\u5f85\uff1f\u662f\u53c8\u671f\u5f85\u53c8\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u77db\u76fe\u60c5\u611f\uff1f\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u617e\u671b\u7ffb\u9a30\u540c\u6642\u611f\u5230\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\u548c\u6109\u6085\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u90fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u300c\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u300d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u548c\u8ca0\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6587\u660e\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5316\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u90fd\u50be\u5411\u8207\u6700\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u5531\u548c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5f37\u6b0a\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u6240\u5bc4\u671b\u3002\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7ba1\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5169\u76f8\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08governance\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u7576\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5834\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u8c61\uff0f\u540d\u8072\u7af6\u9010\uff0c\u5c07\u53ef\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0b\u63a9\u85cf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u58d3\u8feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5f8c\u8a18\uff1a2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\uff08\u6307\u6d89\u5f8c\u9032\u793e\u6703\u300c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u300d\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\uff09\u300c\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u300d\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6211\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7279\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\uff0d\uff0d\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\uff0d\uff0d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5beb\u6210\u672c\u6587\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u591a\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u30022016\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u300c\u96ea\u82b1\u4e16\u4ee3\u300dGeneration Snowflake\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd1\u5e74\u88ab\u7576\u4ee3\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u990a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u8abf\u6559\u3001\u5728\u65b0\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u65e5\u65e5\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u990a\u6210\u8106\u5f31\u654f\u611f\u800c\u6975\u7aef\u5316\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u65b0\u4e16\u4ee3\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u96ea\u82b1\u4e16\u4ee3\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u9ad4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee3\u9593\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u4e0d\u95dc\u6ce8\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u81f3\u65bc2018\u5e74<\/span>Greg Lukianoff\u548cJonathan Haidt\u51fa\u7248\u7684The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure<\/em>\u4e3b\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8fd1\u5e74\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u6c1b\u570d\u6240\u7d81\u67b6\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6daf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6c92\u6709\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u4f86\u770b\u6b64\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u3011<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u4e00\u5834\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u300b57\u671f\uff082005\u5e743\u6708\uff09\uff1a\u9801275-287\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\uff0c\u3008\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u5176\u5b0c\u8cb4\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u611f\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u517c\u56de\u61c9\u970d\u7c73\u5df4\u5df4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5f9e\u897f\u5929\u5230\u4e2d\u571f\uff1a\u5370\u4e2d\u793e\u6703\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u8a71\u300b\uff0c\u5f35\u980c\u4ec1\u3001\u9673\u5149\u8208\u3001\u9ad8\u58eb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\u3002331-342\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\uff1a\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u300b16\u671f\uff0c1994: 1-20\u3002\u6536\u5165\u300a\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\ufe30\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u6e05\u50d1\u7de8\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\uff0c\u9801141-160\u3002\u6536\u5165\u300a\u6d41\u52d5\u8207\u6839\u8457\u300b\uff0c\u9ec3\u9e97\u73b2\u7de8\uff0c\u53f0\u793e\u90fd\u5e02\u8207\u5340\u57df\u8b80\u672c04\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e\uff0c\u9801311-332\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u8f49\u5411\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8f49\u773c\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u56de\u9867\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2012\uff0c223-266\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5510\u6587\u6167\uff0c\u3008\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5a66\u5973\u798f\u5229\uff1a1949\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u9a57\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b78\u520a\u300b3.2\uff081999\u5e7412\u6708\uff09\uff1a143-178\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u752f\u61c9\u658c\uff0c\u300a\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\ufe30\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2004\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\uff0c\u3008\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u89c0\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u65b0\u7ba1\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u6cbb\u7406\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u300b83\u671f\uff0c2011\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u9801279-293\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Elias, Norbert\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\ufe30\u6587\u660e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76I\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u4f69\u8389\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c1998\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\ufe30\u6587\u660e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76II\u300b\uff0c\u8881\u5fd7\u82f1\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\ufe30\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c1999\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho, Josephine.\u00a0 \u201cQueer Existence under Global Governance: A Taiwan Exemplar.\u201d \u00a0Positions: east asia cultures critique<\/em>, 18.2 (Fall 2010): 537-554.<\/span><\/p>\n

Irvine, Janice M.\u00a0 \u201cTransient Feelings: Sex Panics and the Politics of Emotions.\u201d \u00a0GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies<\/em> 14.1 (2007): 1-40.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nussbaum, Martha C.\u00a0 Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame and the Law.<\/em> \u00a0Princeton: Princeton UP, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u5176\u5b0c\u8cb4\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u611f\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u517c\u56de\u61c9\u970d\u7c73\u5df4\u5df4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5f9e\u897f\u5929\u5230\u4e2d\u571f\uff1a\u5370\u4e2d\u793e\u6703\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u8a71\u300b\uff0c\u5f35\u980c\u4ec1\u3001\u9673\u5149\u8208\u3001\u9ad8\u58eb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\u3002331-342\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u70ba\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u6574\u5408\u578b\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u60c5\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u69cb\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u67e2\u50f9\u300d\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7d50\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u30022011\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u8fa6\u4e4b\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u5c46\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u4e2d\u9996\u5ea6\u5ba3\u8b80\u3002\u6536\u5165\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u8f2f\uff08\u7e3d\u7b2c33\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9ec3\u76c8\u76c8\u3001\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u6027\u5b78\u842c\u6709\u6587\u5eab062\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\uff1a\u842c\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u9801262-276\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u6536\u5165\u672c\u66f8\u6642\u9084\u6709\u5c11\u8a31\u6587\u5b57\u4fee\u8a02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u76841989\u5e74\u9060\u6771\u5316\u7e96\u7f77\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56e0\u906d\u5230\u5f37\u529b\u93ae\u58d3\u800c\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5de5\u904b\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34400\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5de5\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e5f\u81ea\u6b64\u96a8\u8457\u53f0\u7063\u7522\u696d\u5916\u79fb\u800c\u8870\u5fae\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u5433\u6c38\u6bc5\uff0c\u300a\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u4ed6\u65b9\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u9032\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u5de5\u904b\u81ea\u50b3\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c2009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u63a8\u52d5\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u63a9\u84cb\u5176\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u5df1\u8eab\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u548c\u516c\u773e\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\uff082010\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u5c55\u7fc5\u5354\u6703\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u4e32\u9023\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5bb6\u9577\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u793e\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u9678\u7e8c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u806f\u76df\uff08\u95b1\u807d\u4eba\u5a92\u9ad4\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u5c11\u5e74\u6b0a\u76ca\u8207\u798f\u5229\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u6b0a\u76ca\u9023\u7dda\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u8f49\u5411\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8f49\u773c\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u56de\u9867\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2012\uff0c223-266\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u5c0d\u7167\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u8207\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u6027\u958b\u653e\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5c55\u73fe\u5f37\u5927\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5973\u6027\u8207\u5152\u5c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fdd\u5b88\u56de\u61c9\uff08\u4e0b\u8a73\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u80ce\u5316\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5b0c\u6c23\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u5b0c\u6c23\u300d\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u9f61\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u300c\u610f\u5fd7\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u6015\u82e6\u6015\u7d2f\uff0c\u6216\u7d93\u4e0d\u8d77\u6279\u8a55\u300d\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u53f0\u7063\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u8349\u8393\u65cf\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5b0c\u8cb4\u300d\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9010\u6f38\u904d\u4f48\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u968e\u7d1a\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u8868\u73fe\u512a\u52e2\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5b0c\u8cb4\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8207\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u81ea\u8a31\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u3008\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9808\u77e5\u3009\u5168\u6587\u53ef\u898bhttp:\/\/www.5doc.com\/doc\/459329<\/a>\uff082011\/05\/27\u700f\u89bd\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u539f\u59cb\u6587\u737b\u8acb\u898b\u6559\u80b2\u5ef3\uff081972.02.28\uff09\u3002[\u6559\u80b2\u5ef3\u63d0\u70ba\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u5404\u754c\u52a0\u5f37\u63a8\u884c\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9808\u77e5\u3001\u570b\u6c11\u79ae\u7fa9\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3001\u52e4\u5109\u7bc0\u7d04\u5132\u84c4\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u51fd\u8acb\u672c\u5e9c\u8f49\u98ed\u99d0\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u5404\u55ae\u4f4d\u914d\u5408\u8fa6\u7406\u4e00\u6848\uff0c\u5831\u8acb\u88c1\u793a\u7531\u3002]\u300a\u6578\u4f4d\u5178\u85cf\u806f\u5408\u76ee\u9304\u300b\uff0chttp:\/\/catalog.digitalarchives.tw\/dacs5\/System\/Exhibition\/Detail.jsp?OID=3583123\uff082011\/05\/27\u700f\u89bd\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u901f\u98df\u696d\u6253\u5de5\u7d93\u9a57\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\uff1a\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u3009\u3002\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u5728\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5927\u9678\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u752f\u61c9\u658c\uff0c\u8a3b19\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> 2010\u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5916\u52de\u5df2\u905435\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u5370\u5c3c\u7c4d\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u4f54\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u5341\uff0c\u5973\u53c8\u591a\u65bc\u7537\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> 2010\u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u914d\u5076\u5230\u905445\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f86\u81ea\u5927\u9678\u548c\u6e2f\u6fb3\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u6380\u8d77\u8ed2\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u7684\u516c\u7136\u8fb1\u7f75\u6848\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec2008\u5e743\u6708\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4e3b\u79d8\u838a\u570b\u69ae\u56e0\u4e2d\u6b63\u7d00\u5ff5\u5802\u6539\u540d\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u8fb1\u7f75\u7576\u6642\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u9577\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d\u662f\u300c\u5a18\u300d\u3001\u662f\u300c\u5c0f\u5b6c\u5b6c\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2010\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5\u96fb\u8996\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u912d\u5f18\u5100\u5728\u4e94\u90fd\u7af6\u9078\u7684\u52a9\u9078\u53f0\u4e0a\u4ee5\u4e09\u5b57\u7d93\u8fb1\u7f75\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5f15\u767c\u793e\u6703\u5629\u7136\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u66f4\u805a\u7126\u300c\u58de\u699c\u6a23\u300d\u300c\u6559\u58de\u5c0f\u5b69\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u516c\u773e\u5c0d\u8fb1\u7f75\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b66\u89ba\u8207\u5acc\u60e1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u653f\u5ba2\u66f4\u52a0\u770b\u91cd\u300c\u98a8\u5ea6\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u300d\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u4eba\u300c\u6bd4\u6bd2\u5976\u9084\u6bd2\u300d \u5224\u62d8\u5f7920\u5929\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u6642\u5831\u300b2010\u5e747\u67085\u65e5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u516d\u500b\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e4b\u62d8\u5f79\u53ef\u6613\u79d1\u7f70\u91d1\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u6298\u7b97\u70ba\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u5343\u3001\u5169\u5343\u6216\u4e09\u5343\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u7e73\u7d0d\u5b8c\u7562\u8996\u540c\u670d\u5211\u5b8c\u7562\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u5b78\u751f\u300c\u9072\u5230\u5927\u738b\u300d \u8a13\u5c0e\u7d44\u9577\u88ab\u5224\u62d8\u5f7940\u5929\u3009\uff0c\u300aNow News\u300b2010\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u4fdd\u5168\u300c\u770b\u9580\u72d7\u300d \u5973\u7f70\u4e94\u5343\u5143\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2010\u5e74 06\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u3008\u653e\u8acb\u5fae\u7b11\uff0c\u9304\u5f71\u4e2d\u544a\u793a\u724c \u8b66\u885b\u6328\u7f75 \u5a66\u4eba\u5224\u7f70\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u6642\u5831\u300b2008\u5e747\u670828\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u3008\u52a9\u6559\u7f75\u5b78\u751f\u8c6c \u7f70\u842c\u5143\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e74 10\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u3008\u524d\u9ad8\u5e02\u8b70\u54e1\u8d99\u5929\u9e9f\u7f75\u4eba\u571f\u532a \u5224\u5211\u78ba\u5b9a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u6642\u5831\u300b2008\u5e749\u670812\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u300c\u67e5\u67d0\u300d\u7b97\u6b67\u8996 \u5224\u62d830\u5929\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2011\u5e747\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u4eba\u50cf\u8c6c \u5224\u8ce010\u842c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2008\u5e742\u670826\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u5973\u5175\u300c\u59e6\u592b\u6deb\u5a66\u300d \u8ecd\u5b98\u5224\u5211\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2010\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u3008\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7528\u7dbd\u865f\u7f75\u4eba\u00a0\u6328\u7f70\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2006\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u3008\u300c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88ab\u544a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\u5224\u62d8\u5f7940\u5929<\/a>\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2010\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u3008\u4e0d\u7518\u88ab\u7f75 \u56de\u55c6\u53cd\u5224\u8ce0100\u842c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2011\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> \u3008\u7f75\u540c\u7cfb\u5973\u8001\u5e2b\u662f\u6bcd\u72d7 \u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u88ab\u5224\u8ce0\u9322\u767b\u5ee3\u544a\u9053\u6b49\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e748\u670821\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> \u3008\u5973\u5927\u751f\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u7f75\u4eba \u522459\u5929\u62d8\u5f79\u52a0\u8ce0\u5341\u842c\u5143\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5ee3\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u300b2010\u5e746\u67083\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u52a9\u7406\u9112\u6021\u5e73\u7d71\u8a08\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u9019\u985e\u8fb1\u7f75\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u523010\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u9010\u5e74\u6210\u9577\uff0c2010\u5e74\u55ae\u55ae\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u9054124\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> 2010\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u628a\u5973\u7ae5\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u4e4b\u5224\u6c7a\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u8f15\u5224\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u653e\u904e\u4e86\u6027\u4fb5\u4e4b\u72fc\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u767c\u52d5\u300c\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u99d5\u99ad\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6dd8\u6c70\u6240\u8b02\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5eb6\u6c11\u7d93\u9a57\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u300c\u6050\u9f8d\u300d\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4fee\u8a02\u904e\u6642\u7684\u300c\u6050\u9f8d\u300d\u6cd5\u689d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u528a\u5b50\u624b\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/intermargins.net\/Forum\/2010\/2010white_Rose.html\u30022011\u5e747<\/a>\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u53f0\u5973\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7591\u4f3c\u88ab\u8a08\u7a0b\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u6027\u4fb5\uff0c\u7591\u72af\u88ab\u6cd5\u5b98\u5141\u8a315\u842c\u5143\u4fdd\u91cb\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u6380\u8d77\u6050\u9f8d\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u8aaa\u3002\u7fa4\u773e\u5c0d\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u5c0e\u5411\u4ee5\u300c\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u300c\u6c11\u773e\u89c0\u611f\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\u65bd\u58d3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u4f8b\u59822006\u5e74\u6843\u5712\u55ae\u89aa\u7238\u7238\u540a\u7c43\u9935\u98df\u7559\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5e7c\u5973\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u8f5f\u52d5\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7e23\u5e9c\u793e\u6703\u5c40\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f9d\u4e2d\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u3008\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u3009\u628a\u5973\u7ae5\u5f37\u5236\u5b89\u7f6e\u5230\u6258\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86\u5e95\u5c64\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u6709\u9650\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0b\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u990a\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u898b\u3008\u8ca8\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f \u4f86\u53bb\u5306\u5306 \u55ae\u89aa\u7238\u5c4b\u5916\u540a\u98df \u9935\u4e8c\u6a13\u5e7c\u5973\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2006\u5e748\u670828\u65e5\u3002\u9ad8\u96c410\u6b72\u7537\u7ae5\u6691\u5047\u8ddf\u8457\u723a\u723a\u6253\u5de5\u5e6b\u5fd9\u92ea\u67cf\u6cb9\u8def\uff0c\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u696d\u4e3b\u660e\u986f\u9055\u53cd\u52de\u57fa\u6cd5\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86\u5152\u7ae5\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u300810\u6b72\u7ae5\u8def\u4e0a\u8216\u67cf\u6cb9\u3000\u8173\u8e29120\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6eab\u3009\uff0cTVBS\u65b0\u805e\uff0c2011\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Ibid, \u9801158\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Ibid, \u9801159\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u5c11\u6578\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u982d\u7248\u8073\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u5587\u820c\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u8001\u5c11\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u5973\u9023\u9577\u5587\u820c9\u4e0b\u5c6c \u8a18\u904e\u8abf\u8077\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2010\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\u3002\u3008\u88dc\u6559\u5929\u738b \u570b\u9053\u5587\u820c \u9ad8\u570b\u83ef\u6200\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5973\u5e2b \u9a5a\u7206\u5df2\u96e2\u5a5a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2010\u5e748\u67085\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> \u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u8073\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u770b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u4e00\u5834\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u7b2c57\u671f\uff082005\u5e743\u6708\uff09: 282\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> 2011\u5e746\u67087\u65e5\u300a\u83ef\u5546\u7db2\uff0d\u83ef\u5546\u5831\u300b\u6709\u4e00\u5247\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u6a19\u984c\u662f\u3008\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u516c\u4ea4\u4e0a\u54fa\u4e73 \u9a5a\u5446\u7537\u4e58\u5ba2\u3009http:\/\/www.tianya.cn\/techforum\/content\/98\/693493.shtml<\/a>\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5a66\u5973\u516c\u958b\u54fa\u4e73\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u8ff4\u907f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4eca\u65e5\u4eba\u5011\u770b\u898b\u5a66\u5973\u516c\u958b\u54fa\u4e73\uff0c\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u611f\u5230\u5c37\u5c2c\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5247\u7528\u300c\u9a5a\u5446\u300d\u5b57\u773c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5834\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4f7f\u5f97\u54fa\u4e73\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u9023\u7d20\u4f86\u6703\u8d81\u6b64\u4f54\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u88ab\u9a5a\u5446\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u516c\u958b\u5834\u6240\u7279\u5225\u8a2d\u7f6e\u54fa\u4e73\u5ba4\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u7167\u9867\u54fa\u4e73\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u79c1\u5bc6\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u9ad4\u4e0a\u537b\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u54fa\u4e73\u7f9e\u6065\u5316\u3001\u6027\u5316\u3001\u96b1\u79c1\u5316\u7684\u6587\u660e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> 2011\u5e747\u670817\u65e5\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b\u4ee5\u3008\u7acb\u59d4\u6478\u7537\u4e73 \u81eapo\u81c9\u66f8\u3009\u70ba\u982d\u7248\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u5831\u5c0e\u7537\u6027\u7acb\u59d4\u5230\u820a\u8b58\u9078\u6c11\u5bb6\u4e2d\u70e4\u8089\u540c\u6b61\uff0c\u56e0\u590f\u65e5\u708e\u71b1\uff0c\u9078\u6c11\u5927\u53d4\u892a\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8863\uff0c\u7acb\u59d4\u5247\u9017\u5f04\u9078\u6c11\u5927\u53d4\u5976\u982d\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u53d4\u6a02\u4e0d\u53ef\u652f\u3002\u5f71\u7247\u4e0a\u7db2\u5f8c\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7acb\u59d4\u7acb\u523b\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u654f\u611f\u3001\u6027\u6697\u793a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u4e0d\u61c9po\u4e0a\u7db2\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u4e0d\u826f\u793a\u7bc4\u300d\uff1b\u5973\u6027NGO\u79d8\u66f8\u9577\u5247\u8aaa\u300c\u4ee5\u6027\u6697\u793a\u624b\u6cd5\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6070\u7576\uff0c\u61c9\u597d\u597d\u53cd\u7701\u300d\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\u4e0d\u4f46\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5c07\u539f\u672c\u5e73\u5be6\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u88f8\u80f8\u6975\u5ea6\u300c\u6027\u5316\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8056\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u518d\u6b21\u4ee5\u8073\u52d5\u65b0\u805e\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u73a9\u7b11\u300c\u504f\u5dee\u5316\u300d\u3002\uff08\u5076\u50cf\u85dd\u4eba\u7684\u9732\u9ede\u7167\u662f\u7537\u6027\u88f8\u80f8\u88ab\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u52d5\u7537\u6027\u7684\u88f8\u80f8\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9a37\u64fe\u66b4\u9732\u8b8a\u614b\u4e86\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u5176\u5be6\u969b\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6975\u800c\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u653e\u9001\u6027\u4fb5\u8b66\u8a9e\uff0c\u65e5\u4e45\u4e5f\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u4f7f\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u5f62\u6210\u9810\u671f\u7684\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6642\u523b\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u51cd\u7d50\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7a81\u767c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u529b\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> \u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f15\u767c\u9019\u985e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5247\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8ff4\u907f\u3001\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u5211\u6cd5235\u689d\u6709\u95dc\u7325\u893b\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u5728\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u611f\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u7325\u893b\u300c\u4e43\u6307\u4e00\u5207\u5728\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u6eff\u8db3\u6027\u617e\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u8d77\u666e\u901a\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7f9e\u6065\u6216\u53ad\u60e1\u611f\u800c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6027\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u6709\u7919\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u5316\u4e4b\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u800c\u8a00\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u9019\u88e1\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9762\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u518d\u751f\u7522\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u7a4d\u6975\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7267\u990a\uff0f\u5bb6\u9577\u6b0a\u529b\uff08pastoral\/parental power\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u898bJosephine Ho, \u201cQueer Existence under Global Governance: A Taiwan Exemplar,\u201d positions: east asia cultures critique<\/em>, 18.2 (Fall 2010): 537-554\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9801544-548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Irvine, 10-11.<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Ibid., 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u63a8\u52d5\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u63a9\u84cb\u5176\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u5df1\u8eab\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u548c\u516c\u773e\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\uff082010\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u5c55\u7fc5\u5354\u6703\u7684\uff09\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u4e32\u9023\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u9577\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u793e\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u9678\u7e8c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u806f\u76df\uff08\u95b1\u807d\u4eba\u5a92\u9ad4\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u5c11\u5e74\u6b0a\u76ca\u8207\u798f\u5229\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u6b0a\u76ca\u9023\u7dda\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u5b0c\u8cb4\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u56b4\u53b2\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u300c\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u89c0\u300d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u752f\u61c9\u658c\u5206\u6790\u8fd1\u671f\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u5c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u89c0\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u65b0\u7ba1\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u6cbb\u7406\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> 2011\u5e746\u67087\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e09\u8b80\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u3008\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u3009\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7279\u5fb5\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6c23\u8cea\u3001\u6027\u50be\u5411\u3001\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u8cb6\u6291\u3001\u653b\u64ca\u6216\u5a01\u8105\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u5217\u70ba\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u300c\u5a18\u7832\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6b7bgay\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7537\u4eba\u5a46\u300d\u9019\u4e9b\u7528\u8a9e\u90fd\u7b97\u6027\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u518d\u6b21\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u5c0a\u8cb4\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u5b0c\u8cb4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5283\u4e0b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\u4ee5\u5f8c\u9023\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e5f\u6c92\u4e86\u3002\u3008\u7f75\u300c\u5a18\u300d \u6027\u9738\u51cc\u6700\u91cd\u9000\u5b78 \u8001\u5e2b\uff1a\u6709\u96e3\u5ea6\u3009\uff0cTVBS\u65b0\u805e\uff0c2011\u5e746\u67087\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/tw.news.yahoo.com\/article\/url\/d\/a\/110607\/8\/2sw9l.html<\/a>\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9177\u5152\u793e\u7fa4\u5247\u63a8\u51fa\u300c\u5a18\u529b\u56db\u5c04\uff1a\u53cd\u6297\u6027\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u5a18\u70ae\u771f\u7d66\u529b\u300d\u5c08\u8f2f\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u985e\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u5a18\u300d\u7b49\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u6d88\u6ec5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u7981\u7d55\u6b67\u8996\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b93\u8af8\u591a\u5c0f\u5a18\u7832\u5011\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u81ea\u5728\u64c1\u6709\u4e5f\u5c55\u73fe\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u57f9\u529b\u7684\u9177\u5152\u52d5\u80fd\u3002http:\/\/intermargins.net\/Headline\/2011_Jan-June\/c_power\/index.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u898f\u5b9a\u5e73\u9762\u5a92\u9ad4\u300c\u4e0d\u5f97\u520a\u8f09\u6709\u5bb3\u5152\u5c11\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u300d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63cf\u8ff0\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u8840\u8165\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u7325\u893b\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u5716\u7247\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u96fb\u5b50\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u300a\u5ee3\u96fb\u6cd5\u300b\u8207\u300a\u885b\u661f\u5ee3\u64ad\u96fb\u8996\u6cd5\u300b\u660e\u5217\u64ad\u51fa\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u9055\u5bb3\u5152\u5c11\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7121\u6578\u756b\u9762\u6253\u4e0a\u9727\u9762\u6216\u99ac\u8cfd\u514b\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u59a8\u7919\u6210\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u96d6\u8aaa\u662f\u9632\u7bc4\u6a21\u4eff\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u5247\u662f\u6697\u793a\u7fa4\u773e\u8eab\u5fc3\u5341\u5206\u5b0c\u8cb4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u751f\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Nussbaum, 4.<\/span><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u3008\u300c\u982d\u9aee\u597d\u9999\u5594\u300d\u5c0f\u516d\u7537\u7ae5\u6d89\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3009\uff0cTVBS\u65b0\u805e\uff0c2011\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u611f\u8b1d\u9577\u4e45\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0f\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u590f\u66c9\u9d51\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u793a\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u6642\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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