{"id":1451,"date":"2005-09-01T09:53:39","date_gmt":"2005-09-01T01:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=1451"},"modified":"2021-02-16T12:49:20","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T04:49:20","slug":"%e5%be%9e%e5%8f%8d%e5%b0%8d%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3%e8%b2%a9%e8%b3%a3%e5%88%b0%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e8%a6%8f%e8%a8%93%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%85%92%e5%b0%91ngo%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2005\/09\/%e5%be%9e%e5%8f%8d%e5%b0%8d%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3%e8%b2%a9%e8%b3%a3%e5%88%b0%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e8%a6%8f%e8%a8%93%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%85%92%e5%b0%91ngo%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5230\u5168\u9762\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u5c11NGO\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u5927\u696d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6709\u95dc\u63f4\u4ea4\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u7531\u8b66\u65b9\u300c\u91e3\u9b5a\u300d\u8a98\u6355\u7684\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u7559\u8a00\u4e2d\u8a62\u554f\u6216\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u63f4\u4ea4\u800c\u69cb\u6210\u89f8\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u500b\u6215\u5bb3\u7db2\u8def\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3008<\/span><\/strong>\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u4e26\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u5011\u5229\u7528\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u548c\u898f\u8a13\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u8ffd\u8e64\u548c\u767c\u8072\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u65bc2003\u5e74\u85c9\u8457\u6211\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u5bb9\u5c0d\u6211\u63d0\u544a<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u860a\u542b\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u539f\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u7b2c59\u671f\uff082005\u5e749\u6708\uff09\uff1a1-42\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u6536\u5165\u300a\u904b\u52d5\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6559\u7fd2\u300b\uff0c\u4e18\u5ef6\u4eae\u7de8\uff0c\u53f0\u793e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u8b80\u672c03\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e\uff0c215-251\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

21\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u982d10\u5e74\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7db2\u8def\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bec\u6cdb\u800c\u6709\u610f\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6027\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3001\u6311\u9017\u617e\u671b\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u4e92\u52d5\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u89f8\u72af\u4e861995\u5e74\u8a2d\u7f6e\u30011999\u5e74\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u768429\u689d\uff0c\u800c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u6566\u4fc3\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u985e\u6848\u4ef6\u6210\u70ba\u57fa\u5c64\u8b66\u54e1\u898b\u7375\u5fc3\u559c\u7684\u5075\u8fa6\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u6027\u6b0a\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u4fdd\u6301\u6c88\u9ed8\u30022000\u5e74\u6211\u5728\u4e3b\u6301\u540c\u5fd7\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u6027\u6b0a\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\uff1a\u6027\u60e1\u6cd5\u7684\u6aa2\u8a0e\u300d\u6642\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u6279\u5224\u60e1\u6cd5\u6215\u5bb3\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u30022001\u5e74\u6211\u91dd\u5c0d\u8b66\u65b9\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6feb\u6b0a\u7684\u300c\u91e3\u9b5a\u300d\u624b\u6cd5\u5075\u8fa6\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8207\u8b66\u5bdf\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u9032\u884c\u4f86\u56de\u8ad6\u6230\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u69cb\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7db2\u9801\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a81\u7834\u7121\u77e5\u6210\u898b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u516c\u958b\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u8a31\u591a29\u689d\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u6211\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\u7d50\u8b58\u4e86\u95dc\u5fc329\u689d\u60e1\u6cd5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u6211\u70ba\u653b\u64ca\u76ee\u6a19\u30022001\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u7db2\u9801\u88ab\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5411\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u6aa2\u8209\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u8a00\u8ad6\u6050\u6709\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u89f8\u6cd5\u5acc\u7591\u3002\u6821\u5167\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7db2\u7ad9\u642c\u5230\u5546\u696d\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5718\u9ad4\u806f\u624b\u8209\u8fa6\u5ea7\u8ac7\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u767c\u8a00\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u6279\u5224\u9019\u500b\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u6b0a\u7684\u60e1\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f4\u81f32008\u5e74\uff0c\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u7d42\u65bc\u53d6\u6d88\u76f8\u95dc\u734e\u61f2\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u6848\u4f8b\u5f9e\u6bcf\u5e74\u6578\u5343\u4ef6\u9a5f\u964d\u81f3\u6578\u767e\u4ef6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5718\u9ad4\u95dc\u6ce8\u5152\u5c11\u6cd5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c31\u6210\u5f62\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u7e8f\u9b25\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u5247\u662f2003\u5e742\u6708\u9999\u6e2f\u5993\u6b0a\u5718\u9ad4\u300c\u7d2b\u85e4\u300d\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\u56b4\u6708\u84ee\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u5979\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u570b\u969b\u53cd\u5a3cNGO\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u56b4\u91cd\u7c21\u5316\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u5411\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u5c01\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u6297\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6211\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u597d\u6e96\u5099\u524d\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u8b1b\u5b785\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u8a08\u756b\u85c9\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5c07\u8a72\u4fe1\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u5c08\u984c\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\uff0c\u62b5\u9054\u65e5\u672c\u9084\u6c92\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e11\u500b\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u806f\u624b\u5c07\u6211\u544a\u9032\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u5230\u8272\u60c5\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u7121\u7f6a\u5b9a\u8b9e\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4f7f\u6211\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ee\u7051\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52e2\u529b\u6709\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u8af8\u6b21\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u88dc\u5145\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8a18\u9304\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6148\u5584\u6551\u63f4\u5718\u9ad4\u8b8a\u8eab\u6210\u70ba\u8c8c\u4f3c\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u683c\u5c40\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u904e\u7a0b[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u5927\u773e\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u5a3c\u8ce3\u6deb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5e38\u4e3b\u5c0e\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6216\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b[2]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5f9e\u5a3c\u8ce3\u6deb\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7136\u8b8a\u6210\u793e\u6703\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u8072\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u300d\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u529b\u8207\u56e0\u61c9\u800c\u751f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7126\u616e\u90fd\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u9032\u884c\u591a\u65b9\u7684\u89d2\u529b\uff08Hershatter 4\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u5a3c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7e3d\u662f\u6307\u6d89\u4e86\u9817\u70ba\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u529b\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5617\u8a66\u8ffd\u6eaf\u53f0\u70631980\u5e74\u4ee3\u91dd\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u96db\u5993\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u89e3\u56b4\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u4e32\u9023\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7126\u616e\u548c\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u4e26\u96a8\u8457\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u800c\u884d\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u7a7a\u8b8a\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u55aa\u5931\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u5176\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d[3]<\/strong><\/a>\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u5927\u696d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5305\u85cf\u8457\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u773c\u754c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\u7db2\u7d61[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8449\u6b63\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u60e1\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u7684\u6212\u56b4\u9ad4\u5236\u6700\u672b\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5fae\u5999\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u5165\u4e16\uff0f\u7267\u4e16\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u63a8\u52d5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u9053\u95dc\u61f7\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6a5f\u7de3\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u8207\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u547d\u984c\u4e32\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86[5]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u7576\u6642\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u9817\u5177\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u8208\u793e\u6703\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u57f9\u990a\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u54e1[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u5c64\u4eba\u54e1\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u4e0b\u843d\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u72c0\u6cc1\u537b\u7acb\u523b\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u511f\u9084\u50b5\u52d9\u3001\u4fee\u5efa\u6a13\u623f\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u96db\u5993\u4e5f\u96f6\u661f\u6d6e\u4e0a\u90fd\u6703\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7248\u9762[7]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5728\u8b66\u65b9\u6383\u8569\u8272\u60c5\u6642\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u582a\u82e6\u5883\u9003\u51fa\u5a3c\u9928\u6c42\u52a9\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5531\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u95dc\u61f7\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u9042\u638c\u63e1\u8207\u570b\u969b\u63a5\u8ecc\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u57281985\u5e7411\u6708\u4e9e\u6d32\u6559\u6703\u5a66\u5973\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u7576\u6642\u4efb\u8077\u53f0\u7063\u57fa\u7763\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5f69\u8679\u5a66\u5973\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u7684\u5ed6\u78a7\u82f1\uff08\u5f8c\u4f86\u64d4\u4efb\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u5a66\u5973\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u64b0\u5beb\u3008\u89c0\u5149\u8207\u8ce3\u6625\u3009\u4e00\u6587[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u96db\u5993\u8ce3\u6625\u7684\u554f\u984c\u653e\u9032\u570b\u969b\u8996\u807d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65bd\u58d3\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u8996\u6b64\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u672c\u8eab\u5247\u65bc1986\u5e746\u6708\u8a2d\u7f6e\u300c\u5f69\u8679\u5c08\u6848\u300d\u5c55\u958b\u95dc\u61f7\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u5fd7\u5de5\u5011\u5b9a\u671f\u62dc\u8a2a\u5c71\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5973\u5152\u5931\u8e64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8981\u6c42\u8b66\u65b9\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u61f7\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e38\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8b20\u50b3\u8a31\u591a\u54e1\u8b66\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0b\u627e\u5931\u8e64\u5c11\u5973\u4e26\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a4d\u6975\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5c07\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u7e69\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6cd5\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u5fd7\u5de5\u5011\u6182\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7236\u6bcd\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5e7c\u5973\u5230\u90fd\u6703\u7684\u5a3c\u9928\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7fd2\u4ee5\u70ba\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u8ce3\u5c11\u5973\u5373\u4f7f\u88ab\u63f4\u6551\u96e2\u958b\u5a3c\u9928\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53c8\u91cd\u64cd\u820a\u696d[10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9762\u5c0d1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d77\u98db\u5f8c\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d50\u69cb\u9b06\u52d5\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5feb\u901f\u8b8a\u9077\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u696d\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7126\u616e\u65bc\u662f\u79fb\u8f49\u800c\u805a\u7126\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u7a1a\u5e7c\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6b78\u5c6c\u66f4\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u8207\u4eba\u6587\u96dc\u8a8c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u4eba\u9593\u300b\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u95dc\u6ce8\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u8a08\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u898f\u7bc4\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u5b50\u5973\u9042\u6210\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u7236\u6bcd\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a98\u5883\u7684\u7c21\u4fbf\u51fa\u8def[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0f\u65cf\u7fa4\u58d3\u8feb\u4e4b\u8c61\u5fb5[12]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u4e32\u9023\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u6eff\u4f86\u3002\u9032\u6b65\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\u88ab\u8ce3\u70ba\u96db\u5993\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u525d\u524a\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u5718\u9ad4\u8a8d\u70ba\u6aa2\u8b66\u5305\u5e87\u5a3c\u9928\u3001\u4e0d\u80af\u622e\u529b\u6383\u8569\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u518d\u6b21\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8150\u6557\uff1b\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u5728\u8b39\u614e\u63a8\u52d5\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u5728\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3001\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u52d5\u666e\u4e16\u4eba\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u96e2\u5a5a\u3001\u55ae\u89aa\u3001\u5bb6\u66b4\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u6790\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ee5\u51dd\u805a\u52d5\u54e1[13]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\u88ab\u8ce3\u5230\u5a3c\u9928\u70ba\u5974\u5247\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6027\u5225\u58d3\u8feb\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f4\u5f15\u767c\u5973\u6027\u6df1\u6c88\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u52d5\u54e1\u5979\u5011\u52a0\u5165\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u56b4\uff0c\u7fa4\u773e\u96c6\u7d50\u4ecd\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u4f9d\u7136\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u532f\u96c6\u52d5\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n

1987\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5f69\u8679\u5c08\u6848\u806f\u5408\u4e86\u865f\u7a31\u670931\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3001\u6559\u6703\u5718\u9ad4[14]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u8209\u884c\u540d\u7a31\u5f88\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u8996\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\uff1a\u95dc\u61f7\u96db\u5993\u300d\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u5927\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u8b66\u5c40\u6842\u6797\u5206\u5c40\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u805e\u5bb9\u7559\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u96db\u5993\u6700\u591a\u7684\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u7d05\u71c8\u5340\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7ba1\u5340\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4f4d\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5728\u6842\u6797\u5206\u5c40\u9580\u53e3\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8b66\u65b9\u5207\u5be6\u57f7\u884c\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5207\u65b7\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u7684\u901a\u8def\u3002\u968a\u4f0d\u4e0d\u65b7\u547c\u558a\u8457\u8b74\u8cac\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u7684\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u7a0d\u5f8c\u4e26\u4e14\u96c6\u9ad4\u9032\u5165\u5df7\u5f04\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u7d05\u71c8\u5340\uff0c\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8a9e\u5411\u5a3c\u9928\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u558a\u8a71\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u5979\u5011\u812b\u96e2\u5a3c\u9928\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u5712\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6d3b\u52d5\u671f\u9593\u5a3c\u9928\u90fd\u653e\u4e0b\u4e86\u9435\u9580\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u96db\u5993\u807d\u5230\u558a\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6212\u56b4\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u9032\u884c\u7684\u904a\u884c\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\uff08\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\uff09\u52d5\u54e1\u7684\u8857\u982d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7531\u773e\u591a\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6230\u7dda\u4e3b\u8ef8\u662f\u300c\u6551\u63f4<\/strong>\u300d\u3002\u5176\u96d9\u91cd\u76ee\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6566\u4fc3\u8b66\u65b9\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u812b\u96e2\u82e6\u6d77\uff0c\u767c\u52d5\u52df\u6b3e\u5e6b\u52a9\u9019\u4e9b\u5c11\u5973\u8fd4\u56de\u5b78\u6821\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u5b78\u7fd2\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u56de\u5230\u5c71\u5730\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u505a\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\u7684\u4eba[15]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u8981\u6297\u8b70\u8b66\u65b9\u672a\u76e1\u8cac\u4efb\u6d88\u6ec5\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u96c6\u5718\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u96db\u5993\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u8ca0\u8d77\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u62b1\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u904a\u884c\u7684\u524d\u5c0e\u6a6b\u5e45\u6a19\u8a9e\u300c\u5993\u5973\u61c9\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u300c\u5993\u5973\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u4e26\u5217[16]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u5c71\u5730\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u66a8\u6559\u6703\u5718\u9ad4\u56b4\u91cd\u6297\u8b70\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u5171\u540c\u8072\u660e\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u9023\u7dda\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u547c\u7c72\u6d88\u6ec5\u6574\u500b\u8ce3\u6625\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u52a0\u5f37\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5993\u5973\u7d44\u5de5\u6703\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u8ce3\u6deb\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7d42\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u5e0c\u671b\u5ee2\u5a3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u66ab\u6642\u5bb9\u8a31\u5993\u5973\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b[17]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7576\u6642\u767c\u4f48\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8072\u660e\u4e5f\u5f15\u75281948\u5e74\u3008\u806f\u5408\u570b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u3009\u7b2c4\u689d\uff1a\u300c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u70ba\u5974\u96b8\u6216\u5974\u5f79\uff1b\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5974\u96b8\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5747\u61c9\u4e88\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u300d\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u300c\u53cd\u5974\u5f79\u300d<\/strong>\u800c\u975e\u53cd\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u6709\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u2500\u2500\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u800c\u88ab\u8ce3\u5165\u5a3c\u9928\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973[18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u95dc\u61f7\u96db\u5993\u904a\u884c\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u8b66\u65b9\u5728\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u548c\u8aa0\u610f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u53c8\u662f1987\u5e74\u5373\u5c07\u89e3\u56b4\u524d\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b98\u65b9\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5ba3\u4f48\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u6b63\u98a8\u65b9\u6848\u300d\uff0c\u5141\u8afe\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c07\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u8b66\u529b\u6383\u8569\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u5c0d\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u4e0d\u529b\u7684\u5206\u5c40\u4e5f\u5c07\u52a0\u4ee5\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u6301\u7e8c\u5347\u9ad8\u5206\u8c9d\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u71df\u9020\u66f4\u70ba\u6709\u5229\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u6c1b\u570d[19]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6210\u6548\u4e0d\u5f70\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6383\u8569\u91cd\u9ede\u53ea\u662f\u6a5f\u95dc\u5b78\u6821\u5468\u908a\u4e00\u767e\u516c\u5c3a\u4e4b\u5167\u53ca\u4f4f\u5b85\u5340\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u696d[20]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u50b3\u51fa\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u54e1\u8b66\u70ba\u722d\u53d6\u7e3e\u6548\uff0c\u5c07\u4e26\u975e\u5217\u70ba\u53d6\u7de0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6216\u6848\u4ef6\u4e5f\u79fb\u9001\u5075\u8fa6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u826f\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u6216\u8e7a\u5bb6\u3001\u9003\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u5c31\u66fe\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u826f\u5973\u5b50\u53ca\u96db\u5993\u800c\u79fb\u9001\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u722d\u8b70[21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6b63\u98a8\u5c08\u6848\u57f7\u884c\u4e0d\u5230\u5169\u500b\u6708\u4fbf\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7121\u529b\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u96db\u5993\u300c\u907f\u5b8c\u98a8\u982d\u300d\u5f8c\u53c8\u91cd\u64cd\u820a\u696d\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5718\u9ad4\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a1988\u5e74\u5143\u67089\u65e5\u5728\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u8209\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6aa2\u8a0e\u6b63\u98a8\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5728\u96db\u5993\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u65bd\u58d3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u904a\u884c\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u5f9e\u300c\u95dc\u61f7\u96db\u5993\u300d\u6539\u70ba\u66f4\u6709\u6230\u9b25\u610f\u5473\u7684\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u518d\u51fa\u64ca\u300d\uff0c\u9818\u929c\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u7531\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u4f46\u662f\u52d5\u54e1\u5c64\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5ee3\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u300c\u5f69\u8679\u5c08\u6848\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c07\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\u82e6\u5883\uff0c\u6df1\u5316\u6210\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u58d3\u8feb\u300d<\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u6642\u52a0\u5165\u904a\u884c\u7684\u9084\u6709\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u5728\u540d\u7a31\u4e0a\u6a19\u660e\u6551\u63f4\u4e0d\u5e78\u5a66\u5973\u53ca\u5c11\u5973\u812b\u96e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u5354\u6703\u300d\uff08\u540c\u5e749\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u767b\u8a18\u8a3b\u518a\u70ba\u300c\u8ca1\u5718\u6cd5\u4eba\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u51f8\u986f\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u542b\u610f[22]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u9632\u6cbb\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u9663\u7dda\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u7121\u6cd5\u6839\u7d55\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5099\uff0c\u5c0d\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u4efd\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u61f2\u6212\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u91cf\u5211\u6642\u4e5f\u5e38\u5f9e\u8f15\u767c\u843d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u96db\u5993\u696d\u8005\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u5716\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u56b4\u5211\u5cfb\u6cd5\u70ba\u6551\u63f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u963b\u65b7\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u7ba1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8003\u91cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u5f9e\u6551\u63f4\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u5411\u6566\u4fc3\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u904a\u884c\u7576\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8b\u5e2b\u53ca\u5a66\u5973\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u9996\u5148\u524d\u5f80\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u6297\u8b70\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u3001\u8ce3\u5973\u70ba\u5a3c\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u91cf\u5211\u592a\u8f15\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u91cd\u76f8\u95dc\u60e1\u5f92\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u3001\u5a3c\u9928\u696d\u4e3b\u3001\u5ad6\u5ba2\uff09\u7684\u5211\u671f\u3002\u4e0b\u5348\u5247\u7531\u5b78\u8853\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5c71\u5730\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u6559\u6703\u5718\u9ad4\u7b49\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u7e3d\u5171\u7d04\u4e09\u767e\u4eba\u96c6\u7d50\u5728\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u7c72\u8acb\u8b66\u65b9\u5fb9\u5e95\u57f7\u884c\u6b63\u98a8\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u7a4d\u6975\u4fee\u6b63\u5211\u6cd5\u3001\u52a0\u91cd\u91cf\u5211\uff0c\u56b4\u61f2\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u53ca\u903c\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u8005[23]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7576\u904a\u884c\u968a\u4f0d\u9032\u5165\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u7d05\u71c8\u5340\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u968a\u4f0d\u558a\u51fa\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u4e0d\u4f46\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\uff0c\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e86\u5149\u9867\u5a3c\u9928\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\uff08\u300c\u5ad6\u5993\u4e0b\u6d41\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u53e3\u865f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09[24]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u4ee5\u4eba\u9053\u4eba\u6b0a\u8d77\u5bb6\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u51f8\u986f\u8b74\u8cac\u60e1\u8cea\u8272\u60c5\u7537\u6027\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e5f\u7531\u6551\u63f4\u7121\u8f9c<\/strong>\uff08\u7684\u5c11\u5973\uff09\u50be\u5411\u61f2\u7f70\u6709\u7f6a<\/strong>\uff08\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8f49\u5316\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u3008\u5171\u540c\u8072\u660e\u3009\u66fe\u5728\u6551\u63f4\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0b\u5305\u5bb9\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u7de9\u63d0\u5ee2\u5a3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b21\u5e74\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5171\u540c\u8072\u660e\u3009\u4fbf\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u59a5\u5354\u8ad6\u8ff0\u800c\u6f38\u6b21\u8da8\u5411\u5168\u9762\u7acb\u6cd5\u5ee2\u9664\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c[25]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

II<\/h3>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u30021987\u5e74\u7684\u89e3\u56b4\u56fa\u7136\u91cb\u653e\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5bb9\u8a31\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\u6d6e\u73fe\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u9ad4\u56e0\u6b64\u8f49\u5411\u6295\u5165\u7d93\u71df\u66f4\u8cbc\u5207\u81ea\u8eab\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u6de1\u51fa\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8b70\u984c\u9042\u6210\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u8981\u91cd\u6574\u793e\u6703\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u5165\u4e16\uff0f\u7267\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4<\/strong>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u300c\u904b\u52d5\u300d[26]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e1987\u5e74\u52301990\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u652f\u6d3e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e78\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u4fee\u5973\u6703\uff081987\u5e74\u63a8\u52d5\u5584\u7267\u5c08\u6848\uff0c1990\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6848\uff0c1994\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff09\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u52f5\u99a8\u5712\uff081988\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u767b\u8a18\u7acb\u6848\u52f5\u99a8\u793e\u798f\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5a66\u5973\u4e8b\u5de5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5f69\u8679\u5c08\u6848\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5f69\u8679\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff081988\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u5176\u5be6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u570b\u969b\u4f01\u5283\uff1a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u548c\u6fb3\u6d32\u99d0\u5728\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u7684\u6559\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u99d0\u8ecd\u4e9e\u6d32\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6027\u7522\u696d\u548c\u89c0\u5149\u65c5\u904a\u731b\u8fc5\u6210\u9577\u8868\u793a\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6182\u5fc3\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u5404\u570b\u767c\u52d5\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7ae5\u5993\u6700\u591a\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u3001\u6cf0\u570b\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u862d\u5361\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u8b74\u8cac\uff0c\u4e26\u57281990\u5e74\u65bc\u6cf0\u570b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u6559\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u300c\u570b\u969b\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\uff08ECPAT\uff09[27]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u7267\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u70ba\u4e3b\u7d50\u76df\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u52a0\u5165\u8a72\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1994\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6848\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u300d\u3002\uff08\u570b\u5167\u6210\u54e1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9752\u53cb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4e16\u754c\u5c55\u671b\u6703\u3001\u6e90\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u53f0\u4e2d\u5bb6\u6276\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9580\u8afe\u6703\u82b1\u84ee\u5584\u7267\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7b49\u3002\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u70ba\u88ab\u71df\u6551\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u548c\u5c11\u5973\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6536\u5bb9\u6a5f\u69cb\u548c\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u8f14\u5c0e\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u554f\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u5176\u57f7\u884c\u986f\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u9632\u5835\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6551\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\u9042\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u6cd5\u689d\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u56b4\u61f2\u90a3\u4e9b\u8087\u59cb\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u60e1\u5f92\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u9632\u7bc4\uff0f\u4fdd\u8b77\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f9b\u7d66\u9762\u4f7f\u6240\u6709<\/strong>\u5973\u5b69\u90fd\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u884c\u52d5\u5c08\u6848\u300d\uff08\u5f8c\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7a4d\u6975\u63a8\u52d5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u898f\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u300c\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5b78\u6703\u65b0\u7684\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u6e38\u8aaa\u548c\u5ba3\u50b3\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u7267\u4e16\u5718\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6700\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u65bc1992\u5e74\u8058\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u4e3b\u4efb\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u4f86\u5354\u8abf\u6574\u500b\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u7d00\u66fe\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u5de5\u4f5c7\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5341\u5206\u719f\u7a14\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9084\u66fe\u5230\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u63a8\u92b7\u904a\u8aaa\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8a66\u8eab\u624b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u4e3b\u52d5\u64b0\u5beb\u6cd5\u689d\u9001\u9032\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u5728\u540c\u5e746\u6708\u7531\u8463\u4e8b\u6797\u6c38\u980c\u5f8b\u5e2b\u53ec\u96c6\u793e\u5de5\u54e1\u53ca\u5021\u5c0e\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u64ec\u300c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300d\u8349\u6848\u30021993\u5e74\u9019\u500b\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u6025\u8feb\u6027\u56e0\u8457\u570b\u969bNGO\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u800c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u58ef\u5927\uff1a\u570b\u969b\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7d44\u7e54\u806f\u624b\u63ed\u9732\u4e9e\u6d32\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6d89\u5165\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u6578\u5b57[28]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u8d6b\u7136\u5728\u5217\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u8981\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8e5f\u63d0\u5347\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5c37\u5c2c\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u8207\u843d\u5f8c\u570b\u5bb6\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u862d\u5361\u3001\u6cf0\u570b\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4e26\u5217\u70ba\u4e9e\u6d32\u6027\u89c0\u5149\u3001\u6027\u65c5\u904a\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u52aa\u529b\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7576\u5c40\u7a4d\u6975\u6539\u9032\u5176\u300c\u570b\u65cf\uff0d\u570b\u969b\u300d\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6642\u523b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5f9e\u6551\u63f4\u8f49\u5411\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff1a\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u300d\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u627f\u8a8d\u53d7\u5bb3\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u9700\u8981\u6551\u63f4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u7576\u7136\u6703\u524a\u5f31\u570b\u5bb6\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u570b\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u300c\u9632\u6b62\uff0f\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u5c11\u5973\u5f9e\u5a3c\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u5f37\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3002\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9ad8\u4e0b\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07\u6551\u63f4\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u57f7\u6cd5\u9632\u7bc4\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6574\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4f48\u5c40\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u898f\u5283\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u300d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u88ab\u71df\u6551\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5411\u6aa2\u8b66\u8b49\u5be6\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8feb\u5f9e\u5a3c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c07\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u51fa\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u88ab\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u8981\u63a7\u8a34\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u8207\u5a3c\u9928\u696d\u4e3b[29]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c11\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u300c\u88ab\u8feb\u300d\u7684\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u591a\u534a\u88ab\u91cb\u56de\uff0c\u5c11\u5973\u5011\u5247\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u76e3\u8b77\u4eba\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\uff09\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u5a3c\u9928\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u88ab\u8feb\u5f9e\u5a3c\u300d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8005\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6539\u8b8a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9a\u7f6a\u689d\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5f4c\u88dc\u9019\u500b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u540c\u6642\u8feb\u4f7f\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u8df3\u904e\u9019\u500b\u300c\u540c\u610f\uff0d\u88ab\u8feb\u300d\u554f\u984c\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u96db\u5993\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u7236\u6bcd\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5230\u5a3c\u9928\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u8fd1\u88ab\u67e5\u7372\u7684\u96db\u5993\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6027\u89c0\u5ff5\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u653e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52d5\u4ee5\u8ce3\u6deb\u4f86\u7372\u5229\u7684\u5c0b\u5e38\u5c11\u5973[30]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u6df1\u523b\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5371\u6a5f\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7267\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u9078\u64c7\u5f9e\u88ab\u52d5\u800c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u63a1\u53d6\u7a4d\u6975\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u300c\u9632\u7bc4\u300d\u63aa\u65bd<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5c11\u5973\u5165\u884c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5728\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u773c\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c07\u73fe\u8eab\u70ba\u593e\u96dc\u4e86\u570b\u65cf\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u5177\u9ad4\u63a1\u53d6\u5404\u7a2e\u6b65\u9a5f\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u300c\u61f2\u7f70\uff0d\u9632\u7bc4\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u65bc\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u88ab\u6551\u63f4\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\uff08\u81ea\u9858\u5f9e\u5a3c\uff09\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u53f8\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u5217\u5165\u8003\u91cf\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u9019\u500b\u300c\u884c\u70ba<\/strong>\u300d[31]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u300c\u5e74\u9f61<\/strong>\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u69cb\u6210\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u5316\u4e0d\u4f46\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u5e74\u9f61\u653f\u6cbb\uff08age politics\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u62b9\u715e\u4e86\u5c11\u5973\u5011\u7684\uff08\u6027\uff09\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6cd5\u689d\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u3002\u9577\u671f\u52aa\u529b\u8d77\u8349\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u628a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u300c\u6309\uff0c\u672a\u6eff\u5341\u516d\u6b72\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u667a\u616e\u6dfa\u8584\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6c7a\u5b9a\u61c9\u5426\u70ba\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u5145\u5206\u5224\u65b7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u8207\u4e4b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6216\u7325\u893b\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u554f\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u91d1\u9322\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u61c9\u53d7\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u8cac\u96e3\u300d[32]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u610f\u64f4\u5f35\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8207\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u672a\u6eff16\u6b72\u4e4b\u4eba\u90fd\u4e00\u8209\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u667a\u616e\u6dfa\u8584\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5224\u65b7\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u5217\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u91d1\u9322\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u5217\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6027\u4ea4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7325\u893b\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u65b0\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u96db\u5993\u9632\u5236\u6cd5\u689d\u6240\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\u88ab\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6216\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u662f\u64f4\u5927\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u8207<\/strong>16<\/strong>\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7f6a\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u986f\u7136\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u7d66\u4e88\u72af\u884c\u8005\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u4e9b\u5211\u7f70\u9084\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u548c\u5a3c\u9928\u696d\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u6700\u5f8c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u5728\u5176\u898f\u5283\u4e2d\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u51e1\u662f\u5354\u52a9\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u672c\u689d\u4f8b\u5747\u52a0\u4ee5\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u554f\u6709\u7121\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8b00\u5229\u2026\u2026\u5f15\u8a98\u3001\u5bb9\u7559\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u5354\u52a9\u6216\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u672a\u6eff\u5341\u516b\u6b72\u4e4b\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e03\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u5f97\u4f75\u79d1\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\u300d[33]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c11\u5973\u8207\u4f34\u4fb6\u5bb9\u8eab\u4e4b\u8655\u7684\u5584\u5fc3\u4eba\uff0c\u79df\u623f\u5b50\u7d66\u5f8c\u4f86\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8ce3\u6deb\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u623f\u6771\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u501f\u9322\u7d66\u5c11\u5973\u642d\u8a08\u7a0b\u8eca\u5230\u8cd3\u9928\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u8a8d\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u662f\u5f15\u8a98\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u9032\u5165\u8272\u60c5\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u5e6b\u51f6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f8c\u4f86\u7acb\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u7981\u8272\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4ee5\u520a\u767b\u5ee3\u544a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f15\u8a98\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u6697\u793a\u6216\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6cd5\u4f7f\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u65b0\u805e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u8655\u4e09\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u5341\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u9370\u300d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u300c\u5f15\u8a98\u5a92\u4ecb\u300d\u7b49\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u6db5\u84cb\u300c\u6697\u793a\u300d\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u300c\u4ed6\u6cd5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4f7f\u4eba\u300d\u5305\u88f9\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u70ba[34]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u65b0\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u7b46\u7d93\u8cbb\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9577\u671f\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u4e26\u5fb9\u5e95\u77ef\u6b63\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6216\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u300d\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u5c11\u5973[35]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e4b\u865e\u8005<\/strong>\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6cd5\u9662\u61c9\u88c1\u5b9a\u5b89\u7f6e\u65bc\u77ed\u671f\u6536\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u6536\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u61c9\u89c0\u5bdf\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u65bc\u4e8c\u5468\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5167\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u89c0\u5bdf\u8f14\u5c0e\u5831\u544a\u53ca\u5efa\u8b70\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u8072\u8acb\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d66\u4e88\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u59a5\u5584\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\u6559\u80b2\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f8c\u2026\u2026\u82e5\u8a72\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613<\/strong>\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u61c9\u88c1\u5b9a\u5b89\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e2d\u9014\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u65bd\u4e88\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2<\/strong>\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u4e0d\u5b9c\u518d\u5be6\u65bd\u4ee5\u5347\u5b78\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e2d\u9014\u5b78\u6821\u61c9\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u9032\u884c\u5168\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8f14\u5c0e\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u80fd\u91cd\u56de\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u6703<\/strong>\u3002[36]<\/strong><\/a>\uff08\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u500b\u9632\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u901a\u5831\u3001\u9694\u7d55\u3001\u77ef\u6b63\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5316\uff08pedagogization\uff09\u548c\u76e3\u63a7\uff08surveillance\uff09\u3002\u70ba\u5fb9\u5e95\u9632\u7bc4\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u5371\u96aa\u5c11\u5973\u9032\u5165\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6cd5\u689d\u9084\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u7db2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u7acb\u6aa2\u8b66\u5c08\u8cac\u4efb\u52d9\u7de8\u7d44\uff0c\u8a2d\u7acb\u5168\u570b\u6027\u6551\u63f4\u5c08\u7dda\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6aa2\u8b66\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91ab\u5e2b\u3001\u85e5\u5e2b\u3001\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u4fdd\u80b2\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u89c0\u5149\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57f7\u884c\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6216\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u696d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u77e5\u6089\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u6709\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u865e\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u901a\u5831\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5283\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7db2\u7d61\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53cd\u5974\u5f79\u8def\u7dda\u2500\u2500\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u500b\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u300d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u67b6\u69cb\u2500\u2500\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ce3\u6deb<\/strong>\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1a\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u5c11\u5973\u63a5\u89f8\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u7236\u6b0a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u7d93\u6fdf\u80fd\u529b\u7368\u7acb\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u8981\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u56e0\u6b64\u8d0f\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u8a55\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u6b64\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u8ca1\u6e90\uff0c\u5f88\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5d01\u5165\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u5411\u8457\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u524d\u9032\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u672c\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6297\u793e\u6703\u525d\u524a\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\uff0f\u65cf\u7fa4\u9762\u5411<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7684\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u5e74\u9f61\u9762\u5411<\/strong>\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5a66\u5973\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u7ae5\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u4f46\u6210\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u806f\u76df\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff08\u9632\u7bc4\uff09\u5fc3\u614b\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7acb\u6cd5\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u5c07\u5728\u5176\u5f8c\u6578\u5e74\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n

\u99d5\u99ad\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u65e2\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u5f37\u52e2\u53c8\u6709\u65cf\u7fa4\u8207\u570b\u65cf\uff08\u5f62\u8c61\uff09\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u6975\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u800c\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u904a\u8aaa\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u884c\u92b7\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7acb\u6cd5[37]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u300c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300d\u8349\u6848\u63a8\u52d5\u5c0f\u7d44\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u548c\u516c\u807d\u6703\u4f86\u5ee3\u5fb5\u610f\u898b\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u7570\u8b70\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u6cd5\u689d\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c0b\u6c42\u91cd\u8981\u7acb\u59d4\u806f\u624b\u63d0\u6848\uff08\u8449\u83ca\u862d\u3001\u8b1d\u555f\u5927\u3001\u8d99\u5c11\u5eb7\u3001\u6797\u5fd7\u5609\u3001\u8b1d\u6df1\u5c71\u3001\u8521\u4e2d\u6db5\u3001\u738b\u5efa\u7444\u3001\u6797\u6b63\u6770\uff09\u4ee5\u8aaa\u670d\u5176\u4ed6\u7acb\u59d4\u52a0\u5165\u9023\u7f72\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u66f4\u540c\u6642\u52d5\u54e1\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u7d66\u95dc\u9375\u7acb\u59d4\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5c07\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u6cd5\u6392\u5165\u8b70\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e26\u5bc6\u96c6\u62dc\u6703\u5404\u653f\u9ee8\u9ee8\u5718\u53ca\u9ee8\u97ad\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u53ec\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u7b49\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u95dc\u9375\u7acb\u59d4\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u5354\u5546\u6d88\u9664\u7591\u616e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u591a\u7a2e\u516c\u76ca\u904a\u8aaa\u53ca\u516c\u95dc\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u6709\u5229\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u74b0\u5883[38]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u9020\u52e2\uff0c\u8fd1\u7528\u5a92\u9ad4[39]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u5148\u5f8c\u8209\u8fa6\u4e94\u5341\u9918\u5834\u5167\u90e8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u3001\u516c\u807d\u6703\u3001\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u3001\u8aaa\u660e\u6703\uff0c\u71df\u9020\u5171\u8b58\uff1b\u82077-11\u7d71\u4e00\u8d85\u5546\u5408\u4f5c\u300c\u628a\u611b\u627e\u56de\u4f86\u2500\u2500\u7d66\u96db\u83ca\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u6350\u6b3e\u8fd1\u4e00\u5343\u842c[40]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u4e26\u722d\u53d6\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u3001\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u9818\u8896\u3001\u53ca\u77e5\u540d\u85dd\u6587\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u6f14\u85dd\u4eba\u54e1\u7c3d\u7f72\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300a\u66e0\u91ce\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e3b\u7de8\u8607\u5357\u6d32\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u3008\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u516c\u7d04\u3009[41]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u767e\u8ca8\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u9032\u884c\u6c11\u773e\u9023\u7f72\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e03\u842c\u9918\u7c3d\u540d\u9001\u9032\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6301\u7e8c\u51f8\u986f\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u6025\u8feb\u6027\uff0c\u71df\u9020\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u8da8\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6148\u5584\u793e\u798f\u5718\u9ad4<\/strong>\uff0c\u58ef\u5927\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u52d5\u54e1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5230\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5177\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u5473\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u5f70\u986f\u3002\u70ba\u914d\u5408\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u9020\u52e2\uff0c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u7c4c\u5099\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5728\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u8857\u982d\u884c\u52d5[42]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6b21\u8857\u982d\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u524d\u9762\u5169\u6b21\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u61f7\u300d\u96db\u5993\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u300d\u96db\u5993\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u5b58\u7684\u96db\u5993\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u884c\u52d5\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u300d\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u500b\u5225\u96db\u5993\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u5c11\u5973\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u73fe\u8c61\u4ee5\u53ca\u69cb\u6210\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u4e8b\u7269<\/strong>\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u773c\u754c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7bc4\u7587\u7576\u7136\u8981\u6bd4\u524d\u5169\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u524d\u5169\u6b21\u884c\u52d5\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u7d71\u7684\u793e\u904b\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u898f\u6a21\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u53c3\u52a0\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u6709\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee4\u6aa2\u8b66\u7dca\u5f35\u3002\u4f46\u662f1993\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u842c\u4eba\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u6162\u8dd1\u300d\u537b\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\uff08\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u5433\u4f2f\u96c4\u3001\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u9577\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d\u3001\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u6797\u632f\u570b\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u5c40\u9577\u80e1\u5fd7\u5f37\uff09\u9818\u8ecd\uff0c\u96c6\u7d50\u5404\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u904a\u884c\u968a\u4f0d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7121\u80fd\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u9023\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u6aa2\u8b66\u90fd\u548c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u4e26\u80a9\u6162\u8dd1\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u5411\u5a3c\u9928\u696d\u4e3b\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u3001\u53ca\u5ad6\u5ba2\u5ba3\u6230\uff0c\u7acb\u8a93\u6d88\u9664\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6c61\u540d[43]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u51dd\u805a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53cd\u5a3c\u6c7a\u5fc3\u99d5\u99ad\u8457\u96db\u5993\u8b70\u984c\u6240\u9ede\u71c3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u7dd2\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u516c\u95dc\u653b\u52e2\u5411\u5404\u653f\u9ee8\u4ee3\u8868\u904a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u7121\u6cd5\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u76ee\u6a19\u4f86\u514b\u670d\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u62c9\u626f\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u52aa\u529b\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u7acb\u59d4\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u8655\u7f70\u5ad6\u5ba2\u7684\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u653b\u9632\u6230\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u56e0\u61c9\u8abf\u6574\u300c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5f9e1993\u5e74\u7684\u52f5\u99a8\u7248\u672c\u5230\u6700\u5f8c1995\u5e74\u4e09\u8b80\u901a\u904e\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u9805\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u539f\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u96db\u5993\u300d\u88ab\u64f4\u589e\u70ba\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u300d<\/strong>\uff0c\u300c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff1b\u539f\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u300c\u5a3c\u5993\u884c\u70ba\u300d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u64f4\u589e\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u300c\u6709\u5c0d\u50f9\u4e4b\u59e6\u6deb\u6216\u7325\u893b\u884c\u70ba\u300d\uff1b\u539f\u4f86\u7531\u793e\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u88ab\u64f4\u589e\u70ba\u300c\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u885b\u751f\u3001\u570b\u9632\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u300d\u7b49\u90e8\u6703\u914d\u5408\u57f7\u884c\uff1b\u539f\u4f86\u52f5\u99a8\u7248\u672a\u5305\u542b\u8272\u60c5\u5ee3\u544a\u520a\u767b\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u8005\u4e5f\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u8655\u4e00\u5e74\u81f3\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4f75\u79d1\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e94\u767e\u842c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\uff1b\u9023\u520a\u767b\u8272\u60c5\u5ee3\u544a\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e5f\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u9817\u91cd\u7684\u8655\u7f70[44]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5177\u9ad4\u64f4\u589e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u9084\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u539f\u4f86\u6240\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u300c\u5e38\u696d\u72af\u3001\u6536\u53d7\u3001\u85cf\u533f\u8005\u3001\u672a\u9042\u72af\u3001\u5e6b\u52a9\u72af\u300d\u7b49\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u8655\u7f70\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u5718\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u9084\u63d0\u9ad8\u5404\u9805\u7f70\u91d1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6d89\u6848\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u6027\u5225\u7d30\u7dfb\u5340\u5206\u72af\u884c\uff0c\u5c0d\u9055\u6cd5\u7684\u5ad6\u5ba2\u63a1\u968e\u68af\u5f0f\u8655\u7f70\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u53ef\u9054\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\uff0f\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b<\/strong>\uff08parental\/pastoral power\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210[45]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u50c5\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5404\u5f0f\u7f70\u5247\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u5fae\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u7684NGO\u5011\u65b0\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4e2d\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u5f9e\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u751a\u81f3\u570b\u9632\u90e8\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u6cd5\u689d\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u9808\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u63a1\u53d6\u5404\u7a2e\u5c0b\u627e\u3001\u901a\u5831\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u3001\u7f88\u62bc\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u91ab\u7642\u548c\u8f14\u5c0e\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u7bc4\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6d89\u5165\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u90fd\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u7531\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u5b9a\u671f\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u7763\u5c0e\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u7763\u5c0e\u7684\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u901a\u5831\u6848\u4f8b\u3001\u9762\u8ac7\u96db\u5993\u3001\u63d0\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\u3001\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5bb9\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u5916\u5c55\u9032\u884c\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u53c3\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u5f9e\u5236\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u62bd\u53d6\u5404\u5f0f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u65b9\u4fbf\u63a5\u89f8\u5b98\u65b9\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u5b98\u65b9\u7d93\u8cbb\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u539f\u4f86\u975e\u71df\u5229\uff0f\u5b97\u6559\uff0f\u793e\u670d\uff0f\u516c\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e26\u76e3\u7763\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u653f\u5e9c\u88dc\u52a9\u548c\u516c\u773e\u6350\u6b3e\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u624b\u548c\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u696d\u7e3e[46]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u57281995\u5e74\u4e09\u8b80\u901a\u904e\u6642\uff0c8\u5e74\u524d\u539f\u672c\u91dd\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u96db\u5993\u6240\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u5f0f\u800c\u4e14\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u638c\u7ba116\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89f8\u89d2\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u5c55\u73fe\u548c\u6027\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\uff08<\/strong>power of the civil society<\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728<\/strong>1997<\/strong>\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5ee2\u9664\u516c\u5a3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c07\u626e\u6f14\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9032\u5165\u516c\u773e\u773c\u7c3e\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9019\u6b21\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7121\u52a9\u96db\u5993\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u5e74\u516c\u5a3c\u9811\u5f37\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u5df2\u7d93\u58ef\u5927\u4e86\u7684\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u53cd\u5a3c<\/strong>NGO<\/strong>\u5011<\/strong>[47]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff08\u5f9e\u88ab\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5230\u722d\u53d6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\uff0f\u300c\u5152\u5c11\u300d<\/strong>NGO<\/strong>\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6027\u8cea\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

III<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5085\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault\uff09\u5728\u8ac7\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u6703\u808c\u7406\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\uff08pastoral power\uff09\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6e90\u81ea\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8b66\u5bdf\u65bd\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u7531\u79c1\u4eba\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u798f\u5229\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u6148\u5584\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5bb6\u5ead\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7267\u990a\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u64f4\u6563\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\uff08215\uff09\u3002\u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5df2\u7d93\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\u5247\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u74b0\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

1995\u5e74\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u6cd5\u7db2\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u904e\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u7267\u4e16\u5927\u696d\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u9762\u5c0d\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u6301\u7e8c\u7a4d\u6975\u4fee\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u7267\u990a\u3002\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u8a18\u9304\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ca\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u9867\u66f8\u7c4d\u5c01\u5e95\u4e0a\u516c\u958b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u8003\u9a57\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c07\u4f86\u672c\u689d\u4f8b\u6709\u9700\u518d\u5ea6\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u6642\u4ee3\u6240\u9700\u3002\u300d\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u7684\u6642\u523b\u662f2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u5efa\u8b70\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u76f8\u95dc\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\u90fd\u5ba3\u7a31\u662f\u914d\u5408\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u800c\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u65b0\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u6b62\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u4e5f\u90fd\u64f4\u5145\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u978f\u56fa\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5c31\u662f1999\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u8a72\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\u4e0d\u4f46\u64f4\u5f35\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9577\u81c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7d0d\u5165\u88ab\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61[48]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u5a92\u9ad4\u591a\u6709\u5831\u5c0e\u53f0\u7063\u7537\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u65c5\u904a\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u570b\u5916\u5ad6\u5993\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u96db\u5993\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5973\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u5728\u65c5\u904a\u4e2d\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u540c\u5718\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u7537\u4eba\u96c6\u9ad4\u8cb7\u6625[49]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u8073\u52d5\u919c\u805e\u548c\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u7acb\u59d4\u63a5\u53d7\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4fee\u6cd5\u30021999\u5e74\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u4fee\u8a02\u5c31\u91dd\u5c0d\u7b2c22\u300134\u689d\u6709\u95dc\u6d77\u5916\u8cb7\u6625\u73fe\u8c61\u589e\u52a0\u7f70\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u554f\u72af\u7f6a\u5730\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u7121\u76f8\u95dc\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u90fd\u52a0\u91cd\u5211\u8cac\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u4fee\u6b63\u7b2c9\u689d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u89c0\u5149\u696d\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u901a\u5831\u548c\u5354\u52a9\u8209\u8b49\u4e4b\u8cac\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5f88\u96e3\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9577\u81c2\u5df2\u7d93\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4ed6\u5730\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u53d7\u5230\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u88ab\u64f4\u5927\u89e3\u91cb\u4e14\u56b4\u53b2\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u7b2c29\u689d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u300929\u689d\u539f\u672c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7522\u696d\u5404\u9805\u5efa\u5236\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u3001\u4f34\u904a\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u54c1\u751f\u7522\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u92fc\u7ba1\u9152\u5427\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u5361\u62c9OK\u3001\u4f86\u96fb\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u5ee3\u544a\u5f15\u8a98\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9032\u5165\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u539f\u689d\u6587\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u5ba3\u50b3\u54c1\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3001\u5ee3\u64ad\u96fb\u8996\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u9ad4\u520a\u767b\u6216\u64ad\u9001\u5ee3\u544a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f15\u8a98\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u6697\u793a\u6216\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6cd5\u4f7f\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8005<\/strong>\uff0c\u8655\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e03\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u5f97\u4f75\u79d1\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\u3002\uff08\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7136\u800c1999\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u537b\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u64f4\u5f35\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u689d\u6587\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5ee3\u544a\u7269\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3001\u5ee3\u64ad\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7db2\u8def<\/strong>\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u6563\u4f48\u3001\u64ad\u9001\u6216\u520a\u767b\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u8a98\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u6697\u793a<\/strong>\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u8a0a\u606f<\/strong>\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u5f97\u4f75\u79d1\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\u3002\uff08\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7576\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027\u88ab\u64f4\u5f35\u5230\u5305\u542b\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7db2\u8def\u300d\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u539f\u5148\u689d\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u696d\u300c\u5ee3\u544a\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5c31\u90fd\u5f88\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u88ab\u5305\u5165\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u689d\u6587\u7684\u638c\u7ba1\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u300c\u8a0a\u606f\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u5728\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u6216\u8a0e\u8ad6\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u88ab\u8b80\u6210\u300c\u6697\u793a\u300d\u4e86\u6027\u9080\u7d04\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u91d1\u9322\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u5075\u8fa6\u8d77\u8a34[50]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a71\u96d9\u65b9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u672a\u5e74\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u71b1\u5fc3\u5075\u8fa6\u7684\u6aa2\u8b66\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u700f\u89bd\u6642\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u69cb\u6210\u8d77\u8a34\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u672a\u4fee\u8a02\u524d\u7684\u689d\u6587\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u6deb\u5a92\u4e4b\u985e\u4f7f\u300c\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u7684\u4f7f\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u5247\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u520a\u767b\u8a0a\u606f\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e5f\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u4ee4\u6cd5\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u8a6c\u75c5\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u3008\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7dad\u8b77\u6cd5\u300980\u689d\u5c0d\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u610f\u5716\u5f97\u5229\u8207\u4eba\u59e6\u3001\u5bbf\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u6216\u516c\u773e\u5834\u6240\u610f\u5716\u8ce3\u6deb\u6216\u5a92\u5408\u8ce3\u6deb\u800c\u62c9\u5ba2\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u4ee5\u4e09\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u62d8\u7559\u6216\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e09\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u9370\uff1b\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u5c0d\u65bc\u520a\u767b\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u300c\u6697\u793a\u300d\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u300c\u8a0a\u606f\u300d\u537b\u8655\u4ee5\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u5f97\u4f75\u79d1\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5211\u7f70\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u53e6\u773c\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e74\u9f61\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u518d\u6b21\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u6cd5\u7db2\u5c0d\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u5167\u90e8\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u5f9e1997\u5e74\u81f32007\u5e74\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6a5f\u95dc\u67e5\u7372\u79fb\u9001\u6709\u95dc\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6848\u4ef6\u7e3d\u6578\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u842c\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u88ab\u79fb\u9001\u8d77\u8a34\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u5c0b\u8c54\u9047\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6311\u9017\u8a9e\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u800c\u5766\u8aa0\u7684\u5217\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u6d69\u701a\u7db2\u6d77\u4e2d\u51f8\u986f\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u627e\u5c0b\u540c\u985e\u6027\u53e3\u5473\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u63a5\u89f8[51]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u537b\u8981\u6c42\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u8a2d\u7f6e\u512a\u5148\u5075\u8fa6\u5152\u5c11\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u57fa\u5c64\u54e1\u8b66\u7a4d\u6975\u5075\u8fa6\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7121\u6578\u51a4\u5c48\u53d7\u8fb1\u7684\u7db2\u6c11\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u7684\u57f7\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u64f4\u5927\u89e3\u91cb\u5230\u5c31\u9023\u5b78\u8853\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u8ad6\u8abf\u4e0a\u9075\u5faa\u8b74\u8cac\u62d2\u65a5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u300c\u4f7f\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u89f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7344[52]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4ee5\u6027\u63db\u9322\u7684\u884c\u70ba<\/strong>\u624d\u662f\u89f8\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u9023\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u73fe\u8c61\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u542b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6027\u9080\u7d04\uff09\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00<\/strong>\u90fd\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7db2\u8def\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u722d\u6230\u7684\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u7db2\u8def\u70ba\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u751a\u81f3\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7121\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u65e2\u5feb\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u548c\u4e0d\u9748\u5149\u5f15\u767c\u6975\u5927\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u7267\u4e16\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u99d5\u99ad\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u7dd2\u63a8\u52d5\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u5176\u7981\u8272\u7ba1\u8f44\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u5f62\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u5c31\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u627f\u8fa6web547\u76e3\u63a7\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u671f\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u7fa9\u5de5\u8a13\u7df4\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u6559\u5c0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a66\u5973\u6216\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u54e1\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u7db2\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9055\u6cd5\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u64d4\u4efb\u76e3\u770b\u7fa9\u5de5\uff0c\u70ba\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u7121\u8272\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300d[53]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u300c\u8272\u60c5\u6c3e\u6feb\u300d\u7684\u76e3\u770b\u6578\u64da\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u6566\u4fc3\u8a2d\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u7db2\u8def\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u300c\u63d0\u9192\u300d\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5f8b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u8def\u6de8\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6709\u6642\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u898f\u7bc4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u59822002\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u767c\u52d5\u7db2\u8def\u5b88\u8b77\u5929\u4f7f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u700f\u89bd\u6642\u63a1\u53d6\u300c\u4e09\u4e0d\u653f\u7b56\u300d\uff1a\u4e0d\u8cb7\u8ce3\u3001\u6563\u64ad\u3001\u8f49\u8cbc\u8272\u60c5\uff1b\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u8ce3\u6deb\uff1b\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7a81\u5140\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u5c0d\u300c\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u300d\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6027\u4ea4\u53cb\u6216\u6027\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9032\u5165\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u524d\u594f\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u617e\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u7b56\u7565\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u88ab\u8feb\u7684\u96db\u5993\u6216\u5152\u7ae5\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u5168\u9762\u570d\u5835\u4eca\u65e5\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u81ea\u4e3b\u800c\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6027\u885d\u52d5\u548c\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f80\u5f80\u5ba3\u7a31\u662f\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u7ae5\u5993\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u53e3\u904b\u8ce3\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u7db2\u8def\u76e3\u770b\u6d3b\u52d5\u537b\u65e9\u5c31\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u300d\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u7587<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u5411\u6240\u6709\u548c\u8272\u60c5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u5728web547\u5df2\u7d93\u516c\u4f48\u768412\u500b\u76e3\u770b\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u9032\u884c\u76e3\u770b\u6536\u96c6\u6578\u64da\u3002\u4f8b\u59822001\u5e7411\u6708\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5b78\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u7db2\u7ad9\u9055\u6cd5\u53ca\u4e0d\u7576\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u544a\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u627e\u5c0b\u300c\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u300d\u4f86\u8490\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u9055\u6cd5\u7684\u7db2\u5740\u3002\u300c\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u300d\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u6027\u4ea4\u3001A\u7247\u3001\u505a\u611b\u3001\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7b49100\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u548c\u60c5\u8272\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9055\u6cd5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8272\u60c5\u5149\u789f\u3001\u63f4\u4ea4\u5ee3\u544a\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u8272\u60c5\u6587\u5b57\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u7db2\u7ad9\u9023\u7d50\uff09\u6578\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff1b\u548c\u60c5\u8272\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u8cc7\u8a0a\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u8207\u8272\u60c5\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6210\u4eba\u60c5\u8da3\u5546\u54c1\uff09\u6578\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\uff08\u53c3\u770b\u7db2\u7ad9http:\/\/www.web547.org.tw\/report1.htm<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u60c5\u8272\u5b57\u6a23\u6216\u5716\u7247\u5c31\u88ab\u767b\u8a18\u800c\u8a18\u6578\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9802\u5c16\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53ea\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u30022002\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c547\u7db2\u7ad9\u516c\u4f48\u5c0d\u96c5\u864e\u53caPCHome\u5169\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u76f8\u7c3f\u9032\u884c\u76e3\u770b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8272\u60c5\u6216\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u5716\u7247\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u958b\u653e\u7684\u76f8\u7c3f\u4e2d\u4f9b\u7db2\u53cb\u700f\u89bd\u3002\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u96a8\u5373\u5c07\u76e3\u770b\u7d50\u679c\u9001\u7d66\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\u300c\u53c3\u8003\u300d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u7db2\u53cb\u9032\u884c\u52f8\u5c0e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ea4\u53cb\u7db2\u7ad9\u90fd\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5be9\u6838\u689d\u4f8b[54]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u97f3\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0cweb547\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u7372\u5f97\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u7d93\u8cbb\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\uff0ce\u7db2\u6253\u76e1\u300d\u4e4b\u540d\u547c\u7c72\u76e3\u770b\u7fa9\u5de5\uff08\u7f8e\u5176\u540d\u66f0\u300c\u5b88\u8b77\u5929\u4f7f\u300d\uff09\u52a0\u5165\u76e3\u770b\u3002\u96d6\u7136 2003\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5bec\u983b\u5f71\u97f3\u7db2\u7ad9\u76e3\u770b\u5831\u544a\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u5bec\u983b\u696d\u8005\u52a0\u5f37\u6a19\u793a\u548c\u8b66\u8a9e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u985e\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6642\u5019\u88ab\u4e3b\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u7684web547\u7db2\u7ad9\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5148\u92d2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91dd\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7ba1\u9053\u9032\u884c\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u6536\u8a0a\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0cweb547\u4ecd\u7136\u91dd\u5c0d\u624b\u6a5f\u96fb\u8a0a\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u52a0\u503c\u670d\u52d9\u5167\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u7f8e\u5973\u5beb\u771f\u5716\u7247\u7684\u4e0b\u8f09\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u8207\u5973\u512a\u900f\u904eMMS\u77ed\u8a0a\u50b3\u60c5\u7b49\uff09\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u57282004\u5e741\u6708\u516c\u4f48\u8272\u60c5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u884c\u52d5\u5316\uff08\u624b\u6a5f\uff09\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5411\u793e\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u793a\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u8f15\u9b06\u50b3\u9001\u5c07\u6709\u5bb3\u5152\u7ae5\u8eab\u5fc3\u30022004\u5e744\u6708\u5247\u91dd\u5c0d\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8996\u8a0a\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u7db2\u53cb\u53ca\u6703\u54e1\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u7ad9\u8207\u696d\u8005\u8058\u8acb\u7684\u300c\u8996\u8a0a\u59b9\u59b9\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8996\u8a0a\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u300d\u804a\u5929\u3001\u4ea4\u53cb\u53ca\u6536\u770b\u60c5\u8272\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u5373\u6642\u8868\u6f14\uff08\u5982\u81ea\u6170\u79c0\u3001\u812b\u8863\u79c0\u2026.\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u96a8\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u5831\u5c0e\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u6380\u8d77\u5ee3\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u7126\u616e\u5f8c\u9806\u6c34\u63a8\u821f\u7684\u6566\u4fc3\u653f\u5e9c\u76e1\u5feb\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\u6b63\u5982Judith Walkowitz\u5728\u5979\u6709\u95dc\u8ce3\u6deb\u8207\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u8b49\u8abf\u67e5\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u92ea\u8def\uff1a\u300c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6709\u95dc\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5225\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u8b70\u63a1\u53d6\u67d0\u7a2e\u88dc\u6551\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u300d\uff0837\uff09\u3002\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u7fa9\u5de5\u5728\u76e3\u770b\u4e2d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52d5\u529b\u8b93\u5b98\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u7db2\u8def\u6383\u9ec3\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u662f\u5f15\u7528web547\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5b83\u5c0d\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5c01\u9396\u548c\u56b4\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e1995\u5e74\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u901a\u904e\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5df2\u300c\u9032\u5316\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5152\u798f\u6216\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u7e3d\u5171\u64c1\u6709\u6578\u5341\u500b\u9644\u5c6c\u6216\u627f\u8fa6\u7684\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u6216\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u3002\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\uff0f\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u300d\u6bd4\u8d77\u300c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u300d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u5e45\u54e1\u5ee3\u5927\u3001\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u53f0\u5317\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u9577\u5e74\u7d50\u76df\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5df2\u6210\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u9053\u5fb7\u826f\u5fc3\u548c\u6148\u5584\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\uff0c\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6a5f\u52d5\u529b\u80fd\u96a8\u6642\u767c\u52d5\u5c0d\u65b0\u8208\u793e\u6703\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224\u548c\u76e3\u7763[55]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7a4d\u6975\u548c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2[56]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u5e38\u627f\u5305\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u6559\u4f01\u5283\u3002\u5979\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u5bc4\u8eab\u65bc\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u5920\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u8b70\u984c\u4f54\u9818\u4e00\u7247\u793e\u6703\u767c\u8a00\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u65ac\u7372\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u89f8\u89d2\u4f38\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u8a02\u6848\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u5b78\u6821\u4e3b\u52d5\u901a\u5831\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u300c\u4e4b\u865e\u300d\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u300d\u5c11\u5973\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9632\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c07\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u884c\u52d5\u548c\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8f14\u5c0e\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u4fdd\u969c\u773e\u591a\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u9678\u7e8c\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u88ab\u6551\u63f4\u4eba\u53e3\u4f86\u6e90[57]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7b49\u7b49\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u5152\u5c11\u7981\u8272\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u4f4d\u6216\u64d4\u4efb\u9867\u554f[58]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u8a00\u8ad6\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6709\u8457\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65bd\u529b\u9ede[59]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

IV<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56de\u9867\u904e\u5f80\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u88ab\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u672c\u5730\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u5b97\u6559\u7267\u4e16\u5718\u9ad4\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5411\u5168\u9762\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u8f49\u9032\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\uff08sexual politics of age\uff09\u8e8d\u5347\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6230\u5340\u3002\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5feb\u901f\u52d5\u76ea\u8b8a\u9077\u4e2d\uff0c\u570b\u65cf\u610f\u8b58\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7236\u6bcd\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u95dc\u6ce8\u5b50\u5973\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u518d\u751f\u7522\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u652f\u6301\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\uff08\u7279\u5225\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff09\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6383\u8569\u4f86\u7d71\u6574\u793e\u6703\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u570b\u5bb6\uff0f\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u91dd\u5c0d\u60c5\u617e\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u4f48\u5c40\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5927\u5c40\u63a5\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b0a\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u5011\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u6b64\u523b\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u7522\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u6ea2\u51fa\u7ba1\u6559\u7bc4\u570d\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7db2\u7d61\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u548c\u4e32\u9023\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u672c\u5730\u5718\u9ad4\u63a8\u4e0a\u570b\u969b\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u570b\u969b\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff08\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u672c\u570b\u969b\u5b97\u6559\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5206\u652f[60]<\/strong><\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u969b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u570b\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u570b\u969b\u8b66\u5bdfINTERPOL\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5149\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5152\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703UNICEF\u3001\u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54ILO-IPEC\uff09[61]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u8feb\u5207\u60f3\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u806f\u7e6b\u90fd\u5f88\u56ae\u5f80\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u85c9\u6b64\u958b\u62d3\u570b\u969b\u7a7a\u9593[62]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8207\u570b\u969b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u7576\u7136\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u5730\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u5927\u6709\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u904a\u8aaa\u3001\u516c\u95dc\u3001\u63a8\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u79fb\u5165\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff1b\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u672c\u5730\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u5927\u578b\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u4f86\u52a0\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u672c\u5730\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u63db\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e32\u9023\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u672c\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u70baNGO\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a08\u756b\u958b\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u9806\u52e2\u978f\u56fa\u5404\u7a2e\u8de8\u570b\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u932f\u7d9c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7db2\u7d61[63]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754cNGO\u5728\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u6de1\u8584\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5f37\u786c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5f71\u97ff\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u570b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u6b0a\u529b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u8eab\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5152\u5c11NGO\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u8457\u6e90\u51fa\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5316\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5c0dNGO\u7684\u52a0\u6301\uff0c\u591a\u65b9\u52a0\u5165\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u6216\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5df1\u8eab\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8207\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u904b\u52d5\u540c\u6b65\uff08in sync\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u7db2\u8def\u5152\u7ae5\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u6253\u64ca\u4e0d\u6cd5\u6216\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u91cd\u9ede\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8207\u570b\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u6aa2\u8209\u71b1\u7dda\u806f\u76df\uff08INHOPE\uff0cThe Association of Internet Hotline Providers\uff09\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u9817\u70ba\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5354\u6703web547\u8272\u60c5\u76e3\u770b\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e5f\u65e5\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5f9e2005\u5e74\u8d77\u52a0\u5165INHOPE\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u4f5c\u70ba\u6703\u54e1\uff0c\u300c\u9075\u5b88\u5176\u7d44\u7e54\u904b\u4f5c\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\uff0c\u914d\u5408INHOPE\u6574\u5408\u5168\u7403\u7db2\u8def\u6aa2\u8209\u71b1\u7dda\u4e4b\u8209\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u66f4\u65b0web547\u8272\u60c5\u76e3\u770b\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u6aa2\u8209\u9805\u76ee\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u300c\u7d71\u4e00\u6aa2\u8209\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u683c\u5f0f\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u5229\u8207\u570b\u969b\u63a5\u8ecc\u300d[64]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u570b\u969b\u5152\u5c11\u7d44\u7e54\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u524d\u79d1\u8005\u7684\u5168\u7403\u901a\u5831\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u57282001\u5e74\u694a\u59d3\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7533\u8acb\u5047\u91cb\u5c31\u5b78\u53f0\u5927\u793e\u6703\u7cfb\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u4e2d\u7a4d\u6975\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4ee5\u300c\u5a66\u5718\u300d\u4e4b\u540d\u806f\u5408\u8209\u8fa6\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u9023\u7e8c\u5f37\u66b4\u72af\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u8207\u5047\u91cb\u516c\u807d\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u6182\u5fc3\u4ee5\u65bd\u58d3\u5047\u91cb\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff1b2003\u5e74\u5247\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u806f\u5408\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a66\u5973\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u5168\u570b\u806f\u5408\u6703\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u885b\u751f\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5171\u7d44\u300c\u4fee\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u806f\u76df\u300d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fc3\u6210\u4fee\u6539\u5211\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c3\u8003\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6027\u7f6a\u72af\u6cd5\u6848 \uff08Sexual Violent Predator Act, SVPA\uff09\u53ca\u6885\u6839\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Megan’s Law\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c07\u5211\u671f\u5df2\u5c46\u6eff\u6216\u5c07\u5c46\u6eff\u4f46\u7d93\u8a55\u4f30\u4ecd\u6709\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u7684\u6027\u7f6a\u72af\u7533\u8acb\u6c11\u4e8b\u76e3\u8b77\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7e7c\u7e8c\u76e3\u7981\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5047\u91cb\u59d4\u54e1\u8a55\u4f30\u5176\u5df2\u7121\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u70ba\u6b62\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u5c07\u5047\u91cb\u6027\u7f6a\u72af\u4f9d\u5c64\u7d1a\u901a\u77e5\u793e\u5340\u6216\u8b66\u5c40\u767b\u8a18\u5217\u5165\u793e\u5340\u516c\u544a\u7cfb\u7d71[65]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u985e\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u69cb\u6210\u5168\u7403\u793a\u8b66\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u5c0d\u7121\u6578\u4e26\u7121\u5177\u9ad4\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u6b67\u8996\u8207\u898f\u8a13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff08global governance\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u7684\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u8de8\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5982\u806f\u5408\u570bUN\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54WHO\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884cWorld Bank\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54WTO\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5404\u7a2e\u5c64\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff08NGO\uff09\u3001\u8de8\u570b\u4f01\u696d\uff08MNC\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d50\u76df\u5354\u5546\u7d0d\u5165\u6392\u64e0\uff0c\u6f38\u6b21\u5f62\u6210\u8907\u96dc\u8b8a\u901a\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u727d\u5236\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u69cb\u6210\u570b\u969b\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u69cb\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8de8\u570b\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c64\u5c64\u76f8\u63a5\u548c\u6263\u9023\u91cd\u758a\u537b\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u8da8\u5411\u5171\u901a\u6027\u7684\u529b\u9053\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u529b\u9053\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f86\u81ea\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u4eba\u54e1\u56e0\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u7e31\u6a6b\u800c\u6301\u7e8c\u78e8\u548c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f86\u81ea\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u7d50\u69cb\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u6548\u61c9\u30021995\u5e74\uff0c\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u671f\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\uff08Commission on Global Governance\uff09\u5c31\u66fe\u5f88\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u547c\u7c72\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u502b\u7406\u300d\uff08global civic ethic\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7d44\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4f86\u5718\u7d50\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5247\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u300c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6cbb\u7406[66]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u90e8\u4efd\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u6216\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u8fed\u6709\u722d\u8b70\uff1b\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u502b\u7406\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u5171\u901a\u6027\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u660e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u860a\u6db5[67]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5171\u8b58\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d78\u6f64\u5728\u6eab\u60c5\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u3001\u7121\u611f\u65bc\u65e2\u5b58\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u3001\u66f4\u5c0d\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u6210\u898b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u7981\u7d55\u8272\u60c5\uff09\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u81ea\u8a8d\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0cNGO\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u5247\u88ab\u671f\u8a31\u7a4d\u6975\u63a8\u52d5\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4f7f\u5f97\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e32\u9023\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u548c\u6700\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8b70\u6703\uff0c\u6709\u5fc3\u7684\u5728\u5730\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u9042\u5f97\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7d1a\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u8de8\u570b\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u901a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u81ea\u6211\u6574\u7de8\u9032\u5165\u9019\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7db2\u7d61[68]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7db2\u7d61\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5275\u9020\u5b89\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7684\u617e\u671b\u5728\u4e32\u9023\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u2500\u2500\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u2500\u2500\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u7a2e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e26\u975e\u50cf\u904e\u53bb\u90a3\u6a23\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u88e1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6b0a\u529b\uff08power\uff09\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5d01\u5165\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\uff08multi-centric world\uff09:<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6563\u898b\u5404\u8655\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6bd4\u50b3\u7d71\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u6790\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u66f4\u70ba\u591a\u6a23\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684<\/strong>\uff08symbolic\uff09\u3001\u98a8\u8a55\u7684<\/strong>\uff08reputational\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6210\u898f\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u8edf\u6027\u300d\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5f88\u96e3\u88ab\u638c\u63e1\u4f86\u7528\u4f5c\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u52e2\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u9760\u8457\u50b3\u7d71\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u9032\u6b65\uff1b\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u898f\u7bc4<\/strong>\uff08norms\uff09\u548c\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff08institutions\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\uff08Vayrynen 27\uff0c\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u300c\u8c61\u5fb5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u98a8\u8a55\u300d\u5247\u6307\u6d89\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff08\u6027\uff09\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u919c\u805e\u6975\u7aef\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0f\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662fIris Marion Young\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\uff08norms of respectability\uff09\uff1a\u300c\u5c31\u662f\u58d3\u6291\u6027\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u8868\u9054\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u2026\u2026\u6b63\u7d93\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u8c9e\u6f54\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u6301\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8868\u9054\u4efb\u4f55\u6deb\u617e\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\u3001\u81ea\u767c\u3001\u6216\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u7bc0\u5109\u7684\u3001\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u3001\u8f15\u8072\u67d4\u8a9e\u7684\u3001\u8209\u6b62\u5f97\u7576\u7684\u3002\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u9069\u5f97\u5176\u6240\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u8d8a\u754c\u300d\uff08136-141\uff09\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u65b0\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\uff08Vayrynen 27\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f48\u5c40\u6240\u504f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5b58\u7591\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u7279\u5225\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff09\u90fd\u8996\u70ba\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u60c5\u7dd2\u704c\u6ce8\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u88ab\u6295\u5c04\u70ba\u5c0d\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u53ef\u656c\u300d\uff08respectability\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u662f\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u5152\u5c11\u8b70\u984c\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u65cf\uff0f\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ee5\u300c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u4f86\u843d\u5be6\u6cbb\u7406\u6709\u8457\u6975\u5f37\u7684\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u65bc\u662f\u9806\u8457\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7269\u8cea\u6027\uff08materiality\uff09\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6566\u4fc3\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u9020\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u8207\u5168\u7403\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u6b0a\u898f\u7bc4\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u5c08\u6ce8\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u548c\u6027\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b<\/strong>\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u5927\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6548\u61c9\u30022001\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5152\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5341\u842c\u5a66\u5b7a\u53d7\u6027\u525d\u524a\u300d\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4e26\u547c\u7c72\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u6f88\u5e95\u5277\u9664\u8d70\u79c1\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u56da\u7981\u8207\u8650\u5f85\u5152\u7ae5\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u5728\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u65bd\u58d3\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bc2003\u5e746\u6708\u5c071993\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u4fee\u8a02\u4e4b\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u3009\u8207\u3008\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u3009\u5408\u4f75\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8207\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u547c\u61c9[69]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6309\u7167\u806f\u5408\u570b\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u7d04\u3009\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u670918\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u7684\u5408\u4f75\u4fee\u6b63\u5f88\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u548c18\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4eba\u53e3\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\u90fd\u843d\u5165\u3008\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u3009\u3001\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u76e3\u63a7\u7ba1\u7406[70]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u6574\u4f75\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u63aa\u65bd\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u6de8\u5316\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5f9e\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u8edf\u9ad4\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u7279\u7a2e\u71df\u696d\u5834\u6240\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u904a\u6232\u5834\u3001\u5230\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5834\u6240\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u5faa\u300c\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u91cd\u6574\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u7684\u7ba1\u8f44\u4e0b\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u76e3\u8b77\u4eba\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u7981\u6b62\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u5438\u83f8\u3001\u559d\u9152\u3001\u56bc\u6ab3\u6994\u3001\u5438\u6bd2\u3001\u98c6\u8eca\u3001\u95b1\u807d\u4e0d\u826f\u66f8\u520a\u3001A\u7247\u7b49\u5f71\u97f3\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u9032\u51fa\u4e0d\u826f\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u76e3\u8b77\u4eba\u5c31\u8981\u53d7\u7f70\uff1b\u5c31\u9023\u5b55\u5a66\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u80ce\u5152\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5438\u83f8\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u56bc\u6ab3\u6994\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65bd\u7528\u6bd2\u54c1\u3001\u7ba1\u5236\u85e5\u54c1\u6216\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5bb3\u80ce\u5152\u767c\u80b2\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u8edf\u9ad4\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7db2\u8def\u90fd\u61c9\u4e88\u4ee5\u5206\u7d1a\uff0c\u4e26\u7981\u6b62\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u79df\u552e\u3001\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u64ad\u9001\u6216\u516c\u7136\u9673\u5217\uff0c\u9055\u8005\u4e5f\u8981\u91cd\u7f70\u3002\u5f9e2004\u5e7412\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u53ca\u9304\u5f71\u5e36\u7bc0\u76ee\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u90fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u56b4\u82db\u7684\u5206\u7d1a\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c0d\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u79df\u66f8\u5e97\u90fd\u5f62\u6210\u6975\u5927\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u56b4\u91cd\u632b\u6298\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u548c\u53cd\u5f48\uff0c\u65b0\u805e\u5c40\u88ab\u8feb\u5ef6\u5f8c\u7f70\u5247\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u81f32005\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u30022005\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c07\u4e0a\u8def\uff0c\u5c46\u6642\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u5df2\u7d93\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5546\u696d\u7db2\u8def\u4e5f\u5c07\u6b78\u5165\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u7684\u7ba1\u8f44\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u7576\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u4f9d\u8457\u5c0d\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6e05\u7d14\u8106\u5f31\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u9020\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u6975\u5927\u7684\u632b\u50b7[71]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

V<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u53cd\u8ce3\u6deb\u3001\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u7e3d\u662f\u8209\u51fa\u300c\u6027\u7522\u696d\u300d\uff08sex industry\uff09\u7684\u6025\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\u4ee5\u53ca\u7372\u5229\u5929\u6587\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u5c11\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ecb\u5165\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u4e2d\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u7522\u696d\u300d\uff08anti-sex industry\uff09\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u5c11\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6253\u64ca\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3001\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4f86\u64f4\u5145\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u63a5\u8ecc\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\u602a\u7378\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5c07\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u9762\u8c8c\u523b\u677f\u5316\u3001\u7a00\u8584\u5316\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u5a66\u5973\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u986f\u7136\u662f\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u5728\u5730\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u65e5\u6f38\u6210\u9577\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u65e5\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u80fd\u91cf\u53ca\u81ea\u4e3b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e1995\u5e74\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u52302003\u5e74\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u3009\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u6578\u9084\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u798f\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7267\u4e16\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u96db\u5993\u73fe\u8c61\u6240\u52fe\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u548c\u7126\u616e\u611f\uff0c\u4e32\u9023\u7576\u4ee3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9010\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u4e3b\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4e26\u6263\u9023\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u570b\u969b\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u529f\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u900f\u904e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u9020\u4ee5\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

Habermas\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7576\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5834\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u914d\u5957\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u300d\uff08juridification\uff09\uff08357-373\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u3001\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff08\u63a8\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u660e\u6587\u7684\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5230\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7b49\u7b49\u6df1\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u8a31\u9862\u9807\u7b28\u62d9\uff0c\u7136\u800cNGO\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u548c\u57f7\u8457\u537b\u80fd\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u6aa2\u8209\u544a\u767c\u3001\u8b66\u793a\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u6fc0\u767c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u7576\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u5f9e\u7d71\u6cbb\uff08government\uff09\u8f49\u5411\u6cbb\u7406\uff08governance\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u99d5\u99ad\u8457\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u7591\u61fc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a4d\u6975\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u7981\u8272\u53f8\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u8457\u5168\u7403\u9ad8\u6f32\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u653f\u6cbb\uff08age politics\uff09\u548c\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\uff08gender mainstreaming\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u7de8\u9032\u5165\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\u7684\u5247\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6027\u6c61\u540d\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u8073\u52d5\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u300c\u6027\u300d\u805e\u4e5f\u90fd\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u300c\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u300d\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u5229\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u56b4\u53b2\u7dca\u7e2e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u6b0a\u5718\u9ad4\u57282003\u5e74\u52d5\u7269\u6200\u7db2\u9801\u9023\u7d50\u88ab\u544a\u767c\u8d77\u8a34\u4e8b\u4ef6\u30012004\u5e74\u6676\u6676\u66f8\u5eab\u540c\u5fd7\u756b\u520a\u88ab\u6263\u8d77\u8a34\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7a4d\u6975\u96c6\u7d50\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u6279\u5224\u5211\u6cd5235\u689d\u5c0d\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5fc3\u8b49\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u300929\u689d\u63d0\u51fa\u7570\u8b70\u6279\u5224\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u91cb\u61b2\uff0c\u4e32\u9023\u62b5\u6297\u5404\u7a2e\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u62b5\u6297\u4e0a\u8ff0\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\uff0f\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u898b\u5230\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6025\u5207\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027[72]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f8c\u8a18\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u52d9\u9662\u65bc2005\u5e746\u67083\u65e5\u516c\u4f48\u300a2005\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u8a55\u7b49\u7531\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d1a\u843d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d1a\uff0c\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u88ab\u8ca9\u904b\u7684\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5077\u6e21\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5c07\u8d8a\u5357\u65b0\u5a18\u8f49\u8ce3\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u90fd\u88ab\u9ede\u540d\u4e0d\u5920\u52aa\u529b[73]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5f88\u5de7\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u96a8\u5373\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u554f\u984c\u5df2\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u81fa\u7063\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc6\u670815\u65e5\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u9632\u6cbb\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u570b\u969b\u8a13\u7df4\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u300d\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u7f8e\u570b\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u806f\u90a6\u52a9\u7406\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98Pamela Chen\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54Break the Chain Campaign<\/em>\u57f7\u884c\u9577Joy Zarembka[74]<\/strong><\/a>\u8207\u6703\u6307\u5c0e\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6703\u5f8c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u767e\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u7d93\u8cbb\u59d4\u8a17\u5a66\u63f4\u6703\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u539f\u5148\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u300d\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u5316\u4e0d\u50c5\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u5c0d\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u638c\u63e1\uff08\u5c0d\u8c61\u5f9e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u300d\u8f49\u70ba\u8de8\u570b\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u800c\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4eba\u53e3\u8de8\u570b\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecb\u5165\u8207\u7ba1\u5236\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u300c\u6d41\u52d5\u300d\u88ab\u5305\u5165\u975e\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u300c\u8ca9\u904b\u300d\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5074\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u537b\u5f9e\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u7d93\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u4ef2\u4ecb\u7ba1\u9053\u5927\u6279\u9032\u53e3\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4eba\u6b0a\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3001\u52de\u529b\u88ab\u525d\u524a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6b0a\u5e95\u7dda\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\uff08\u8de8\u570b\u754c\u6216\u8de8\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff09\u5973\u6027\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u52a0\u4ee5\u56b4\u53b2\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u986f\u7136\u6709\u5176\u4e00\u8cab\u7981\u8272\u3001\u5fcc\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u4fdd\u5b88\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u7684\u5beb\u6210\u8981\u611f\u8b1d\u738b\u860b\u3001\u502a\u5bb6\u73cd\u548c\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u773e\u591a\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\u601d\u8003\u30022003\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u6211\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u7acbOchanomizu\u5973\u5b50\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8b1b\u5b78\u6642\u5ba3\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u521d\u7a3f\u5247\u767c\u8868\u65bc2003\u5e7410\u67084-5\u65e5\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a15\u9031\u5e74\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u672c\u57282003\u5e7411\u670821-22\u65e5\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u5ba3\u8b80\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u4fee\u8a02\u5b8c\u7a3f\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\u201dFrom Anti-Trafficking to Social Discipline: Or, The Changing Role of \u2018Women\u2019s\u2019 NGOs in Taiwan\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u65bcTrafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights<\/em>, edited by Kamala Kempadoo, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanaik (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2005), 83-105\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u672c\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u88dc\u5145\u548c\u8a73\u76e1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b59\uff082005\u5e749\u6708\uff09\uff1a1-42\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u672c\u6536\u5165\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u300a\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2017\uff0c\u98013-42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u904e\u53bb\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u5207\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u6642\u523b\u6380\u8d77\uff08\u53c3\u898bBland 95-123; Hershatter 3-12; Rosen 38-50\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u904e\u53bb\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u300d\uff08anti-sex\uff09\u3001\u300c\u5426\u6027\u300d\uff08sex negative\uff09\u7b49\u540d\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u67d0\u7a2e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d\uff08abstinence\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u60f3\u51f8\u986f\u9019\u4e9b\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5e74\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u60c5\u617e\u653f\u7b56\uff0f\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5584\u826f\u98a8\u4fd7\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u56b4\u300c\u7981\u300d\u4e00\u5207\u5c0d\u60c5\u300c\u8272\u300d\u7684\u9732\u9aa8\u518d\u73fe\u3001\u6232\u800d\u5632\u8af7\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5448\u73fe\u3001\u5982\u5be6\u8a18\u9304\u3001\u6232\u5287\u6392\u6f14\u3001\u7d30\u7dfb\u63cf\u7e6a\u3001\u591a\u5143\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Tani Barlow\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u83ef\u4eba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5a66\u5973\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u5206\u652f\u55ae\u4f4d\u806f\u624b\u63a8\u52d5\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u666e\u540c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u6790\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u53c3\u898bBarlow\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u4f86\u51f8\u986f\u5c0d\u5cb8\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u7121\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u5408\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57281970\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u4eba\u58eb\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u6aa2\u9a57\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u800c\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u542b\u610f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u523b\u4e32\u9023\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\uff08\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u9053\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u591a\u5c11\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u95dc\u61f7\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u860a\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u7a4d\u6975\u5165\u4e16\uff0f\u7267\u4e16\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u9817\u5177\u5b97\u6559\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u300c\u7267\u4e16\u300d\uff08pastoral\uff09\u617e\u671b\u6b63\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff08global governance\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u5177\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u808c\u7406\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5c31\u9952\u5bcc\u6df1\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c0d\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u7576\u7136\u6709\u5176\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8981\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6559\u6703\u5a66\u5973\u7fa4\u4e2d\u8ac7\u6027\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u5728\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u5f88\u96e3\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u611b\u6ecb\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5c31\u53ea\u88ab\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u9f13\u52f5\u5916\u7c4d\u52de\u5de5\u4f7f\u7528\u4fdd\u96aa\u5957\uff0c\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u66f4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9f13\u52f5\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5617\u8a66\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u537b\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u6559\u6703\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u76ee\u6a19\u800c\u53c8\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5584\u60e1\u4e8c\u5206\u5716\u50cf\uff1a\u6551\u63f4\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5e7c\u5973\uff0c\u5c0d\u6297\u617e\u671b\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u76841980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u908a\u7de3\u65cf\u7fa4\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff08\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u96db\u5993\u300c\u5c71\u82b1\u300d\u88ab\u6467\u6b98\uff09\u591a\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u547c\u61c9\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u4efd\u5b50\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\u5f8c\u4f86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53d7\u5230\u7576\u6642\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9053\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5165\u4e16\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u64d4\u4efb\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u300a\u66e0\u91ce\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e\u793e\u9577\u8607\u5357\u6d32\u5c31\u5728\u8a2a\u554f\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6559\u6703\u552f\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u898b\u8b49\u300d\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cd\u5efa\u4e4b\u9053\uff1a\u8a2a\u8607\u5357\u6d32\u8ac7\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u52d5\u3009\uff08http:\/\/life.fhl.net\/Desert\/97\/s002.htm<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u76f8\u95dc\u96db\u5993\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c31\u4e0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u51f8\u986f\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u3008\u8b66\u65b9\u81e8\u6aa2\u300c\u963f\u516c\u5e97\u300d \u67e5\u7372\u4e5d\u540d\u5c71\u82b1\u96db\u5993\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311986\u5e7410\u670828\u65e55\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5979\u5011\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u82e6\u5f85\u8a73\u52a0\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u8b66\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u8fa6\u6848\u6548\u7387\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u57f7\u6cd5\u5f62\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u3008\u706b\u5751\u9daf\u557c\uff0e\u50b3\u51fa\u6c42\u63f4\u4fe1 \u5206\u5175\u51fa\u64ca\uff0e\u795e\u63a2\u6551\u96db\u5993\uff1a\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5211\u5927\u5e79\u54e1\u52c7\u7834\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u96c6\u5718\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311986\u5e7411\u67085\u7248\uff09\uff1b\u5f8c\u671f\u5247\u662f\u96db\u5993\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7a1a\u5e7c\u5e74\u9f61\u88ab\u7a81\u51fa\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u559a\u9192\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u6ce8\u8207\u7126\u616e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c1979\u5e74\u662f\u806f\u5408\u570b\u8a02\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u570b\u969b\u5152\u7ae5\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5152\u7ae5\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u8ce3\u6deb\u3001\u525d\u524a\u3001\u62d8\u7981\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u90fd\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f97\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u570b\u969b\u4fdd\u885b\u5152\u7ae5\u7d44\u7e54\uff08Defense for Children International\uff09\u65bc1983\u5e74\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u81e8\u6642\u4efb\u52d9\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u8d77\u8349\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u7d04\u3009\uff0c1987\u5e74\u4e26\u548c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5152\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u806f\u624b\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u7d04\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u57281989\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5927\u6703\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u88ab\u5168\u7403\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e2d\u3002\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u6b64\u516c\u7d04\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u7db2\u7ad9http:\/\/www.child-abuse.com\/childhouse\/childrens_rights\/dci_crc1.html<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u66f8\u70ba\u5ed6\u78a7\u82f1\uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u96e3\u984c\uff1a\u89c0\u5149\u8207\u8ce3\u6625\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317 : \u6c38\u671b\uff0c1986\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u6839\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u67099\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u96e2\u958b\u5a66\u8077\u6240\u5f8c\u5c31\u88ab\u8001\u9d07\u63a5\u56de\u79c1\u5a3c\u5bee\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u793e\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e8b\u6b0a\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u672a\u505a\u7d9c\u5408\u6027\u7684\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672a\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff08\u3008\u63ee\u5225\u300c\u5a66\u8077\u6240\u300d\u6f14\u51fa\u300c\u9cf3\u9084\u5de2\u300d \u4e5d\u6210\u96db\u9daf\u63d2\u7fc5\u96e3\u98db\u91cd\u64cd\u8ce4\u696d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311986\u5e7411\u670817\u65e55\u7248\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u9ad8\u8209\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u5169\u5203\u7684\u5229\u528d\uff1a\u5b5d\u9806\u548c\u611b\u5fc3\u4f7f\u5f97\u5973\u5b69\u5011\u5f88\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u7684\u70ba\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d93\u6fdf\u72a7\u7272\u5c0f\u6211\uff0c\u8c9e\u64cd\u548c\u540d\u7bc0\u5247\u4f7f\u5979\u5011\u5728\u88ab\u6551\u63f4\u5f8c\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u56de\u5230\u5a3c\u9928\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u537b\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u5168\u90e8\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u842c\u60e1\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u548c\u51b7\u9177\u5fc3\u8178\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5e38\u88ab\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u6025\u5287\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u660e\u767c\u5c55\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u683c\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u7269\u8cea\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ca\u7269\u8cea\u8cc7\u6e90\u90fd\u8f03\u70ba\u8ca7\u4e4f\u7684\u5c71\u5730\u5c24\u70ba\u986f\u8457\u3002\u7576\u6642\u8b20\u50b3\u6bcf\u500b\u8ca7\u56f0\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u6709\u5152\u5b50\u5728\u9060\u6d0b\u6f01\u8239\u4e0a\u505a\u6c34\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u5973\u5152\u88ab\u8ce3\u5165\u90fd\u6703\u5a3c\u9928\u505a\u5993\u5973\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u4e2d\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5a66\u5973\u5f9e\u4e8b\u300c\u8ce4\u696d\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u674e\u4ea6\u5712\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95dc\u6ce8\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9752\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u9060\u6d0b\u6f01\u8239\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9084\u50b5\u6216\u6539\u5584\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u5c31\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4ee5\u5c11\u5973\u4f5c\u70ba\u65cf\u7fa4\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\uff0c\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5b58\u4ea1\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u793e\u6703\u6df7\u4e82\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6b65\u8abf\uff0c\u5e36\u7d66\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c11\u5973\u5947\u6158\u7684\u4eba\u9593\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u8207\u9059\u9059\u7121\u671f\u7684\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u660e\u4eba\u72e9\u7375\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5c71\u8089\uff0c\u4efb\u4eba\u525d\u524a\u69a8\u53d6\u8840\u8089\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u300d\u3008\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u56b4\u91cd\u6297\u8b70\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u3009\uff0c1987\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u65b9\u5b5d\u9f0e\uff0c\u98011\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c1973\u5e74\u5442\u79c0\u84ee\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u6f6e\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8056\u6230\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u95b1\u8b80\u6b64\u66f8\u4e26\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7570\u8b70\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u58d3\u4e0b\u900f\u904e\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u516c\u958b\u5c55\u793a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u662f1982\u5e74\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u300a\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6253\u8457\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65d7\u865f\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5247\u8981\u7b49\u52301987\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u6216\u8a31\u77e5\u9053\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u919c\u964b\u3001\u6c92\u4eba\u8981\u3001\u61a4\u6012\u8001\u8655\u5973\u3001\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7b49\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6b65\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4ee5\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u96c6\u7d50\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u300d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u300c\u597d\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u7763\u4fc3\u570b\u5bb6\u6551\u63f4\u300c\u4e0d\u5e78\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff09\u537b\u4e5f\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u5f8c\u671f\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u8d99\u66c9\u73b2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u7531\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u58d3\u5168\u9762\u7dca\u7e2e\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u793e\u904b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u6642\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u6210\u54e1\u7d44\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u6027\u3002\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4e0d\u4f46\u593e\u96dc\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u3001\u6027\u5225\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df7\u96dc\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60df\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5c07\u5728\u793e\u904b\u7684\u6d88\u9577\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5f8c\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u501a\u8cf4\u6148\u5584\u6350\u6b3e\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u7d93\u8cbb\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5247\u4ee5\u793e\u798f\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5c07\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5305\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5c07\u539f\u672c\u300c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u300d\uff08civil society\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u4efd\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5206\u679d\uff08\u5f8c\u8a73\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u300c\u5993\u5973\u61c9\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6a19\u8a9e\u7684\u7528\u8a5e\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u5993\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8981\u7b49\u52301997\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u516c\u5a3c\u633a\u8eab\u722d\u53d6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u5f62\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u90fd\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6399\u624e\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u7c60\u7d71\u666e\u4e16\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5993\u5973\u66f4\u662f\u6c61\u540d\u58d3\u9802\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5169\u8005\u7684\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6500\u5347\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u904a\u884c\u5404\u9805\u6587\u5ba3\u4e2d\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u300c\u6551\u63f4\u7406\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u65b9\u5b5d\u9f0e\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u6975\u70ba\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u7576\u7136\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u548c\u8272\u60c5\u4e00\u5411\u6709\u52d5\u529b\u8207\u5176\u52e2\u4e0d\u5169\u7acb\uff0c\u9023\u570b\u969b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4eba\u9053\u6551\u63f4\u6a5f\u69cb\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5c55\u671b\u6703\u300d\u90fd\u66fe\u57281987\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6551\u63f4\u904a\u884c\u5f8c\u7d44\u6210\u300c\u8272\u60c5\u9632\u6cbb\u63a8\u52d5\u5c0f\u7d44\u6703\u8b70\u300d\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u6d88\u6ec5\u8272\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5f9e\u672a\u9b06\u61c8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec1987\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u7684\u300c\u6297\u8b70\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u95dc\u61f7\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u842c\u4eba\u7c3d\u540d\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff0c1987\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u98a8\u4e4b\u5f8c\u96db\u5993\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u5f9e\uff1a\u8acb\u57f7\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d\u56b4\u61f2\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u3001\u6297\u8b70\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5982\u7269\u4e4b\u689d\u6587\u300d\u8072\u660e\u3002\u8a73\u898b\u65b9\u5b5d\u9f0e\uff0c\u98012\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u70ba\u9632\u6b62\u5f62\u6210\u96db\u5993\uff0c\u8b66\u653f\u7576\u5c40\u4e5f\u8207\u6236\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8207\u5404\u570b\u5c0f\u3001\u570b\u4e2d\u7684\u9023\u7e6b\uff0c\u842c\u4e00\u6709\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5c11\u5973\u7a81\u7136\u5931\u8e64\u6216\u53bb\u5411\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u77e5\u8b66\u5bdf\u6216\u6236\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u5168\u529b\u67e5\u5c0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u903c\u589c\u5165\u706b\u5751\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u53ca\u6642\u7372\u6551\u3002\u3008\u6d41\u9daf\u843d\u7db2 \u51fa\u7c60\u7336\u5de2\u820a\u679d \u8f14\u5c0e\u5c31\u696d \u65b9\u80fd\u76e1\u5378\u6fc3\u7ca7\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311987\u5e743\u67084\u65e57\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u3008\u537f\u672c\u826f\u5bb6\u5973 \u786c\u7576\u843d\u6eb7\u82b1 \u54e1\u8b66\u70ba\u722d\u6b63\u98a8\u7e3e\u6548 \u57f7\u884c\u504f\u5dee\u8b8a\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311987\u5e743\u670816\u65e55\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u8ef8\u7dda\uff08\u800c\u975e\u539f\u4f86\u6551\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u8457\u91cd\u7684\u300c\u65cf\u7fa4\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5e74\u9f61\u300d\u8ef8\u7dda\uff09\u85c9\u8457\u96db\u5993\u8b70\u984c\u7a4d\u6975\u6d6e\u73fe\u58ef\u5927\u3002\u5a66\u63f4\u6703\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5c31\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u9664\u4e86\u958b\u555f\u53f0\u7063\u7d42\u6b62\u5a66\u5973\u8cb7\u8ce3\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u4e0a\u7d50\u5408\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u6b0a\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u300d\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5a66\u63f4\u6703\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6551\u63f4\u904a\u884c\u300c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5a92\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u8996\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8207\u5831\u5c0e\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/www.taiwanngo.org.tw\/ngowbs\/organization\/ShowOrg_axtpg.jsp?Lang=Cht&ShowOrg=71<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u9010\u6f38\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8ef8\u7dda\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c1988\u5e74\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u9080\u8acb\u5b78\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u8349\u6848\u6642\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u5354\u6703\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u5f69\u8679\u5c08\u6848\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u65b0\u74b0\u5883\u4e3b\u5a66\u806f\u76df\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u5a66\u5973\u806f\u76df\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u8eab\u5206\u8d74\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u8acb\u9858\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u8349\u6848\u4e2d\u589e\u5217\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u903c\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u4e4b\u8655\u7f70\u5c08\u689d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c07\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u554f\u984c\u3002\u3008\u62ef\u6551\u96db\u5993! \u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u8acb\u9858 \u8981\u6c42\u5211\u6cd5\u589e\u5217\u8655\u7f70\u5c08\u689d \u56b4\u61f2\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u903c\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e748\u670820\u65e56\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u3008\u63f4\u6551\u96db\u5993 \u5192\u96e8\u51fa\u64ca\ufe57\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e741\u670810\u65e510\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u5354\u6703\u66fe\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u6b63\u98a8\u9663\u98a8\u300d\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u6b63\u98a8\u5c08\u6848\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7121\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5217\u8209\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u8096\u8b66\u54e1\u5305\u5e87\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u696d\u3002\u6551\u63f4\u5354\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u9760\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3001\u57f7\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u53d6\u7de0\u5916\uff0c\u5ad6\u5993\u8005\u4e5f\u8981\u8ca0\u8d77\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c55\u958b\u300c\u5ad6\u96db\u5993\u6709\u7f6a\u300d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u3008\u6b63\u98a8 \u9663\u98a8 \u5439\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74 \u53d6\u7de0\u96db\u5993 \u8b66\u65b9\u5c55\u793a\u6210\u679c \u8272\u60c5\u672a\u6222 \u5a66\u5973\u4ecd\u591a\u975e\u96e3\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e743\u67085\u65e510\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u65b9\u5b5d\u9f0e\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u98015\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> \u7576\u6642\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u628a\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ca9\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u904b\u52d5\u5347\u9ad8\u6210\u70ba\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff08\u8a72\u6703\u7528\u8a9e\uff09\u4ee5\u64f4\u5927\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u66fe\u56de\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9084\u6c92\u5230\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4e4b\u524d\u516d\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u5c31\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u8981\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u6148\u5584\u5718\u9ad4\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e00\u8a5e\u6709\u9ede\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u578b\u6539\u88dd\u70ba\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5c08\u6848\u3002\u300d\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6709\u9ede\u53cd\u8af7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5728\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u96a8\u8457\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u84ec\u52c3\u958b\u5c55\u800c\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u6027\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u6027\u904b\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u5c11\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ca\u56b4\u53b2\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u4ea4\u53cb\u98a8\u8072\u9db4\u5533\uff0c\u66f4\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u7db2\u8def\u6587\u5b57\u7344\u7684\u51a4\u6848\uff0c\u5f9e1999\u5e74\u52302008\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u5df2\u6709\u5169\u842c\u4f8b\u88ab\u62c9\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5f97\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u5bec\u6cdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> ECPAT International, Ecpat 25 Years: Rallying the World to End Child Sexual Exploitation<\/em> (Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015): 16.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.ecpat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ECPAT%2025%20Years_FINAL.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u806f\u5408\u570b\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7d44\u7e54\u66fe\u57281993\u5e74\u5831\u5c0e\u4e9e\u6d32\u5152\u7ae5\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\uff1a\u6cf0\u570b\u670980\u842c\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u670950\u842c\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u670910\u842c\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u67096\u842c\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u5b98\u54e1\u4e0d\u65b7\u5426\u8a8d\u6b64\u4e00\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u52f5\u99a8\u793e\u798f\u57fa\u91d1\u67031991\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u88dc\u52a9\u800c\u505a\u7684\u300c\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u63a8\u4f30\u300d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u51fa\u53f0\u7063\u96db\u5993\u4eba\u6578\u70ba43000\u81f361000\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9084\u88ab\u570b\u969b\u520a\u7269\u300a\u8b80\u8005\u6587\u6458\u300b\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u570b\u969b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u5207\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u7684\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u5433\u4f2f\u96c4\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4e26\u8868\u793a\u5c0d\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u6d3b\u52d5\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7576\u5834\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u627f\u8afe\u6350\u51fa\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u4e5f\u89aa\u81ea\u70ba\u300c\u842c\u4eba\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u6162\u8dd1\u300d\u5e36\u968a\uff08\u3008\u300c\u9664\u975e\u5168\u53f0\u7063\u7537\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8272\u60c5\u72c2\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u516d\u842c\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311993\u5e7410\u670831\u65e53\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u5c11\u5973\u5011\u81ea\u9858\u5f9e\u5a3c\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8b80\u6210\u53ea\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u7d93\u6fdf\u8003\u91cf\u6216\u4fdd\u8b77\u5bb6\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6551\u63f4\u5718\u9ad4\u7d66\u4e88\u5c11\u5973\u5011\u7684\u77ee\u5316\u540d\u7a31\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u300c\u96db\u5993\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e0d\u5e78\u5c11\u5973\u300d\u2500\u2500\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c11\u5973\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u591a\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u53d7\u8a2a\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u96db\u5993\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ce3\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6190\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u85cf\u5728\u9670\u6697\u89d2\u843d\u63a5\u5ba2\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u5247\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u5e78\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u6293\u5230\u624d\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u5e78\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u912d\u745e\u9686\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u81ea\u5df11993\u5e74\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b30\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6027\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u67e5\u7372\u7684\u96db\u5993\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b70\u5766\u627f\u81ea\u9858\u9032\u5165\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u986f\u7136\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u89e3\u56b4\u524d\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u4e5f\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u66f4\u70ba\u5927\u81bd\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u64da\u5f80\u5f80\u5f15\u767c\u793e\u6703\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c1997\u5e742\u6708\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6df1\u591c\u67d4\u6027\u52f8\u5c0e\u4fdd\u8b77\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u5bb5\u7981\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u53cd\u96db\u5993\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u96db\u5993\u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u71df\u5229\u4e4b\u59e6\u6deb\u6216\u7325\u893b\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5c1a\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u7136\u7325\u893b\uff08\u5982\u812b\u8863\u821e\uff09\uff0c\u53ca\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u88fd\u9020\u71df\u5229\u6027\u7325\u893b\u7684\u5716\u756b\u3001\u9304\u5f71\u5e36\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff08\u8272\u60c5\u5f71\u7247\u3001\u5716\u756b\uff09\uff08\u3008\u5236\u8a02\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5 \u5ee3\u53d7\u7acb\u59d4\u652f\u6301\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311993\u5e7410\u670817\u65e51\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\uff0c\u980126\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc2000\u5e74\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u8a02\u5c0714\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c11\u5973\u820716\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c11\u7537\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u4e00\u5f8b\u8996\u70ba\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\uff0c\u980126\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u64f4\u5927\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4f01\u5716\u6cef\u6ec5\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u591a\u5143\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2001\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u300c\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7db2\u7ad9\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7db2\u9801\uff0c\u88ab\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5728\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u7763\u5c0e\u6703\u5831\u4e2d\u6aa2\u8209\uff0c\u8aaa\u662f\u7db2\u9801\u300c\u9f13\u5439\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u4f55\u9003\u907f\u8b66\u65b9\u8a98\u6355\u300d\u3001\u300c\u520a\u767b\u63f4\u4ea4\u5ee3\u544a\u300d\uff0c\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u96a8\u5373\u884c\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8f49\u77e5\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u8981\u6c42\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88ab\u8feb\u642c\u96e2\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u7db2\u9801\u662f\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e4b\u526a\u5831\u3001\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u8faf\u8ad6\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u5be6\u9304\u3001\u5632\u8af7\u8b66\u65b9\u8a98\u6355\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f86\u51f8\u986f\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u4fb5\u72af\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e26\u6279\u5224\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u8a98\u6355\u5df2\u7136\u8d8a\u6b0a\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u6aa2\u8209\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u7db2\u5740http:\/\/intermargins.net\/repression\/sexwork\/types\/enjo\/enjowebinncu\/enjowebinncu_index.htm<\/a>\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u300c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u300d\u6aa2\u8209\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u7570\u8b70\u8a00\u8ad6\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u57282003\u5e74\u4e2d\u5927\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u52d5\u7269\u6200\u7db2\u9801\u9023\u7d50\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/animal-love\/animal-love_index.htm<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u5176\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff1a1988\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u6536\u5bb9\u4e26\u611f\u5316\u96db\u5993\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u5ee3\u6148\u535a\u611b\u9662\u5a66\u5973\u8077\u696d\u8f14\u5c0e\u6240\u53ea\u52697\u540d\u5b78\u54e1\uff0c\u96f2\u6797\u5973\u5b50\u7fd2\u85dd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5f\u53ea\u52693\u540d\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5feb\u8981\u5012\u5e97\u3002\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u56e0\u6b64\u524d\u5f80\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u9673\u60c5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u91cd\u5be9\u300c\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u300d\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u4e0d\u5e78\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u6536\u5bb9\u6642\u9593\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5145\u5be6\u4e26\u7a69\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5b78\u54e1\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u3008\u4fdd\u8b77\u96db\u5993 \u516b\u5718\u9ad4\u6628\u9673\u60c5\u7acb\u9662 \u4fc3\u91cd\u5be9\u5c11\u798f\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e7411\u67089\u65e511\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\uff0c\u980123\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u3001\u912d\u6021\u4e16\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c08\u6587\u4e2d\u6558\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u63a1\u7528\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u6a5f\u69cb\u5f9e\u4e8b\u793e\u6703\u7acb\u6cd5\u516c\u76ca\u904a\u8aaa\u7b56\u7565\u5256\u6790\uff1a\u4ee5\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u70ba\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c32-62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u57282000\u5e7412\u6708\u4e00\u5834\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u516c\u76ca\u884c\u92b7\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u56de\u61b6\u9019\u500b\u300c\u88fd\u4f5c\u300d\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u300c\u8a18\u5f97\u90a3\u6642\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u70ba\u4e86\u95dc\u61f7\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\uff09\u2026.\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u8981\u7406\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7acb\u59d4\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u770b\u6c11\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u6c11\u610f\u5f37\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6392\u54ea\u500b\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u60f3\u300e\u6c11\u610f\u300f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4f86<\/strong>\u3002\u7576\u6642\u9ad8\u723e\u592b\u7403\u5834\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u6746\u5f1f\u4e0a\u8857\u982d\u7136\u5f8c\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u5c48\u670d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u7aef\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5230\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u9580\u53e3\u53bb\u6f14\u300e\u884c\u52d5\u5287\u300f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u90fd\u982d\u7248\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u90fd\u51fa\u4f86\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u6848\u8b1b\u8a71\u300d\u3002\uff08\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09http:\/\/npo.nccu.edu.tw\/content\/section03\/item05_doc\/1\/s003.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u898f\u5283\u5982\u4f55\u51f8\u986f\u8b70\u984c\u3001\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5584\u7528\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u3001\u912d\u6021\u4e16\uff0c\u980143-50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> \u5f9e1993\u5e74\u52301995\u5e74\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4ee5\u300c\u96db\u83ca\u300d\u70ba\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u8209\u8fa6\u5404\u7a2e\u95dc\u61f7\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u96e3\u4ee5\u555f\u9f52\u7684\u96db\u5993\u554f\u984c\u666e\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u8207\u7d71\u4e00\u96c6\u5718\u8d85\u5546\u9023\u9396\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u638c\u63e1\u4eba\u6f6e\u7684\u532f\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u3001\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u65b0\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u96db\u5993\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u300c\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u5c0f\u9322\u5f88\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u9806\u624b\u5c31\u6350\u51fa\u4e86\u7e3d\u6578\u6975\u70ba\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u6b3e\u9805\u300d\uff08\u8a9e\u51fa1997\u5e746\u6708\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\u53d7\u52f5\u99a8\u59d4\u8a17\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3008\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u8a55\u4f30\u5831\u544a\u3009\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u300a\u66e0\u91ce\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e\u5728\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6295\u6ce8\u3002\u4e3b\u7de8\u8607\u5357\u6d32\u4e0d\u4f46\u64b0\u5beb\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1992\u5e74\u64d4\u4efb\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u8463\u4e8b\u66a8\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u884c\u52d5\u5c08\u6848\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\uff0c\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u8cb7\u96db\u83ca\u3001\u6551\u96db\u5993\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u6162\u8dd1\u300d\u7b49\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u9080\u8acb\u7acb\u59d4\u3001\u65c5\u9928\u540c\u696d\u516c\u6703\u5408\u7d44\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u884c\u52d5\u806f\u7dda\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u69cb\u601d\u51fa\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u6e05\u6670\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u7fa4\u773e\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u5728\u5ea7\u8ac7\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5168\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5c31\u7528\u6162\u8dd1\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u6162\u8dd1\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5f88\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u537b\u8dd1\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2500\u2500\u4e00\u689d\u9ed1\u8857\u3002\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8dd1\u4e03\u5708\uff0c\u50cf\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7e5e\u8036\u5229\u54e5\u57ce\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u5011\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u53ef\u8b93\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f86\u5171\u540c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5b83\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5230\u90a3\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u5ba3\u8a93\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u8b93\u90a3\u5730\u65b9\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u5152\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4e2d\u83ef\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u798f\u97f3\u5354\u9032\u6703\u300c\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6709\u7d04\u300d\uff0cNo. 17\uff0c\u6436\u6551\u5c11\u5973\uff0d\u96db\u83ca\u884c\u52d5\uff09http:\/\/new.ccea.org.tw\/excel\/comunication\/soc\/17.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u5316\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u66fe\u6279\u5224\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u7236\u6b0a\u5408\u6d41\u58d3\u6291\u4e86\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u7576\u6642\u5a66\u5973\u7d44\u7e54\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u5316\u540d\u8d99\u66c9\u73b2\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6587\u7ae0\u3008\u7ad9\u5728\u7236\u6b0a\u7684\u80a9\u4e0a\uff1a\u300c\u53cd\u300d\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u3009\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u8d99\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8a2d\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u885b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u70ba\u7684\u59a5\u5354\uff1a\u300c\u5176\u5be6\u570b\u5167\u5a66\u904b\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5373\u63a1\u7528\u300e\u4fdd\u8b77\u5e7c\u5973\u300f\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u2026\u20261993\u5e74\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u300e\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u300f\u521d\u63a8\u51fa\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u9ed1\u9053\u8207\u8272\u60c5\u7522\u696d\u639b\u52fe\u3001\u9ed1\u767d\u639b\u52fe\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u63d0\u51fa\u7522\u696d\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6307\u8cac\u7236\u6b0a\u5305\u5e87\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7576\uff1b\u4f46\u7531\u65bc1993\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u7fa4\u773e\u8def\u7dda\u8207\u570b\u6703\u7acb\u6cd5\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u722d\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u57fa\u790e\u800c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5c0d\u5916\u6587\u5ba3\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u5f35\u78a7\u7434\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5728\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u300d\u7d55\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u300c\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ac7\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u5f92\u7136\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6253\u64ca\u9762\uff0c\u537b\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u8a34\u6c42\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff1a\u53cd\u96db\u5993 \u9084\u8981\u8d70\u9577\u8def\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311993\u5e7412\u670825\u65e541\u7248\u3002\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u63a8\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u5ad6\u96db\u5993\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u63a1\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ac7\u300e\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a\u300f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ac7\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u5bb6\u7d66\u5171\u72af\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u6703\u6210\u529f\u3002\u300d\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u4eba\u6b0a\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u8457\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u96e3\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u5df2\u7d93\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u628a\u8272\u60c5\u5217\u5165\u9996\u8981\u5927\u6575\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c62\u6b21\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u653e\u904e\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6383\u8569\u8207\u56b4\u61f2\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8b66\u65b9\u4ee5\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c29\u689d\u5075\u8fa6\u7db2\u8def\u500b\u4eba\u76f8\u7c3f\u6216\u60c5\u8272\u5716\u7247\u4ea4\u63db\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Michel Foucault\u4ee5\u300c\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\uff08pastoral power\uff09\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b0a\u529b\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u201dThe Subject and Power,\u201d 212-216\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7267\u990a\u6b0a\u529b\u96d6\u7136\u51fa\u8eab\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u537b\u662f\u5f88\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u3001\u5bb6\u9577\u7684\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u628aparental\u548cpastoral\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> \u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u5718\u9ad4\u96a8\u8457\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u7acb\u6cd5\u800c\u64f4\u589e\u670d\u52d9\u9805\u76ee\u548c\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u58ef\u5927\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u52f5\u99a82004\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u9810\u7b97\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u904e\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u5104\u5143\uff0c\u5341\u6578\u500d\u65bc1987\u5e74\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u767e\u4f4d\u5168\u8077\u54e1\u5de5\u3002\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u67032002\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u7d93\u8cbb\u9810\u7b97\u96d6\u50c5\u903c\u8fd1\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u4e00\u5343\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7d93\u4f7f\u7fd2\u6163\u793e\u904b\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u500d\u611f\u58d3\u529b\uff08http:\/\/www.ecpat.org.tw\/html\/view02_04.htm<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u67032004\u5e74\u7684\u8ca1\u52d9\u5831\u544a\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u55ae\u4f4d\u3001\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u793e\u6703\u5c40\u3001\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u9593\u6350\u8d08\u7684\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u7e3d\u6578\u4e5f\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5104\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8a08\u5165\u7fa9\u8ce3\u548c\u52f8\u52df\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u90fd\u540c\u6642\u7d93\u71df\u6216\u4ee3\u8fa6\u591a\u6240\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u53ca\u6536\u5bb9\u8655\u6240\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5404\u7e23\u5e02\u8a2d\u7f6e\u591a\u6240\u5916\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5206\u652f\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5916\u5c55\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u63a8\u5ee3\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\uff08http:\/\/www.goodshepherd.org.tw\/ch\/help\/donate_money.htm<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u62ec\u5f27\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51f8\u986f\u9019\u4e9b\u7576\u6642\u7a4d\u6975\u66ff\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5ee2\u5a3c\u8209\u52d5\u8b77\u822a\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u65e9\u5e74\u90fd\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u670d\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8207\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u639b\u9264\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u958b\u53ef\u80fd\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u3002\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u5168\u9762\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u9010\u6f38\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4f54\u64da\u300c\u5a66\u5718\u300d\uff08\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff09\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c1994\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u8def\u7dda\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5a66\u5973\u9663\u7dda\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5a66\u5973\u8b70\u984c\u4e0d\u518d\u55ae\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u958b\u660e\u591a\u5143\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u5c31\u6f38\u6b21\u79fb\u4f4d\u800c\u8457\u91cd\u5176\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5229\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u53cd\u5a3c\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u6216\u570b\u969b\u5a66\u5973\u6703\u8b70\u6642\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u9084\u662f\u6703\u9032\u4f54\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u548c\u5a66\u63f4\u6703\u7684\u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\u57281997\u5e74\u516c\u5a3c\u722d\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u5a66\u5718\u300d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u5973\u4eba\u9023\u7dda\u7b49\u5718\u9ad4\u5171\u540c\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u66ff\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u8faf\u8b77\u5176\u5ee2\u5a3c\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u53c3\u52a02003\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5c46\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u5730\u4f4d\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u66a8\u6c11\u9593\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u8207\u5a66\u63f4\u6703\u5728\u5167\u7684\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u300d\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u57281999\u5e74\u540c\u6642\u63a8\u52d5\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u653e\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u8f44\u548c\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u3002\u539f\u672c\u6027\u4ea4\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u88ab\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee5\u300c\u90e8\u4f4d\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9032\u5165\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08\u53e3\u4ea4\u3001\u809b\u4ea4\u3001\u5668\u7269\u9032\u5165\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6027\u4ea4\u4e4b\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\uff08\u5973\u5c0d\u7537\u3001\u5973\u5c0d\u5973\u3001\u7537\u5c0d\u7537\u90fd\u5217\u5165\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7bc4\u570d\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u9650\u7e2e\u544a\u8a34\u4e43\u8ad6\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u4ea4\u591a\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u8a34\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u65b7\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u9858\u3001\u4f55\u8005\u624d\u69cb\u6210\u5f37\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u68d8\u624b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u8655\u7406\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u5f37\u59e6\u7f6a\u6539\u516c\u8a34\u7f6a \u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff1a\u53d7\u66b4\u6a23\u614b\u5f9e\u5bec\u8a8d\u5b9a \u610f\u7fa9\u6700\u5927 \u672a\u4f86\u4e0d\u8ad6\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u662f\u53e3\u4ea4\u3001\u809b\u4ea4\u6216\u6709\u7121\u5c04\u7cbe \u90fd\u96e3\u9003\u5236\u88c1\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311999\u5e743\u670831\u65e53\u7248\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4fee\u8a02\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u7d93\u71df\u61c9\u53ec\u7ad9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u610f\u5716\u71df\u5229\u4f7f\u300c\u7537\u5973\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6216\u7325\u893b\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u5373\u69cb\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u5c07\u300c\u6027\u4ea4\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7325\u893b\u300d\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u5927\u5e45\u653e\u5bec\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u300c\u60c5\u8272\u5834\u6240\u300d\u90fd\u6709\u89f8\u72af\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u7121\u5f62\u4e2d\u7b49\u65bc\u898f\u5b9a\u4e86\u300c\u5168\u9762\u6383\u9ec3\u300d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u843d\u5be6\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u5f8c\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311999\u5e744\u67081\u65e52\u7248\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u52d5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u5728\u986f\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d\u5e95\u7dda\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> \u5a66\u904b\u5143\u8001\u65bd\u5bc4\u9752\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9673\u71c1\u5728\u53c3\u52a0\u6d77\u5357\u5cf6\u65c5\u904a\u6642\u7121\u610f\u9593\u767c\u73fe\u540c\u57186\u4f4d\u7537\u6027\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5728\u7576\u5730\u8cb7\u6625\u7684\u919c\u884c\uff0c\u56de\u53f0\u5f8c\u7531\u8449\u83ca\u862d\u570b\u6703\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u53ca\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u6703\u8b70\u5ba4\u5171\u540c\u8209\u884c\u516c\u807d\u6703\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u5927\u52a0\u64bb\u4f10\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u65c5\u904a\u9047\u4e0a\u8cb7\u6625\u5718 \u7acb\u9662\u53ec\u958b\u516c\u807d\u6703\u3009\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58311996\u5e7411\u670817\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8209\u52d5\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7acb\u59d4\u8449\u83ca\u862d\u3001\u6797\u5fd7\u5609\u3001\u856d\u88d5\u73cd\u96a8\u5f8c\u63a8\u52d5\u5177\u9ad4\u4fee\u8a02\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u76f8\u95dc\u689d\u6587\u4ee5\u904f\u6b62\u6d77\u5916\u8cb7\u6625\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> \u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u8b66\u65b9\u7fa9\u5de5\u507d\u88dd\u597d\u5947\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u8a62\u554f\u4e00\u822c\u63f4\u4ea4\u50f9\u78bc\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u7db2\u6c11\u56e0\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u51fa\u50f9\u300d\u800c\u88ab\u8a98\u6355\u5075\u8fa6\uff1b\u6709\u7db2\u6c11\u520a\u767b\u4ea4\u53cb\u8a0a\u606f\u7279\u5225\u8a3b\u660e\u63f4\u4ea4\u8005\u52ff\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u662f\u8fc2\u8ff4\u627e\u4eba\u63f4\u4ea4\u800c\u88ab\u5075\u8fa6\u3002\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u7af9\u7e23\u4e00\u540d\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u7528\u5de5\u7814\u9662\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u8272\u60c5\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u5728\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u5fb5\u53cb\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u5b9a\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u52ff\u64fe\u300d\u3002\u6aa2\u65b9\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u719f\u8f38\u5165\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u9813\u865f\u6253\u6210\u4e86\u9017\u9ede\u800c\u5df2\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u6a19\u9ede\u7b26\u865f\u5e6b\u5927\u5fd9\uff1f\uff01\u5b78\u751f\u7591\u63f4\u4ea4\u5224\u7121\u7f6a\u3009\uff0c\u6771\u68ee\u65b0\u805e\u58312004\u5e749\u67087\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6700\u5f8c\u88ab\u5224\u7121\u7f6a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7121\u7aef\u6372\u5165\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> \u9673\u7f8e\u83ef\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u7e3d\u6578\u662f2500\u4ef6\uff0c\u898b\u5176\u3008\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u3009\u300a2002\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6b0a\u5831\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u524d\u885b\uff0c115-116\u3002\u7136\u8a72\u6578\u5b57\u50c5\u7d71\u8a081999\u81f32003\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u4ee5\u500d\u589e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6210\u9577\uff0c2007\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u76846\u500b\u6708\u5167\u5373\u5df2\u90542644\u4ef6\uff0c\u986f\u898b\u8b66\u65b9\u898b\u7375\u5fc3\u559c\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u5075\u8fa6\u9019\u985e\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u66fe\u5c07\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u653e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u60c5\u617e\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8acb\u770bJosephine Ho, \u201cFrom Spice Girls to Enjo Kosai<\/em>: Formations of Teenage Girls\u2019 Sexualities in Taiwan,\u201d InterAsia Journal of Cultural Studies<\/em> 4.2 (Aug. 2003): 325-336.<\/span><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u66fe\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7db2\u9801\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7576\u4ee3\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53f0\u7063\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u73fe\u8c61\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u6709\u4f55\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6587\u5632\u8af7\u8b66\u65b9\u91e3\u9b5a\u8a98\u6355\u7db2\u6c11\u9084\u91e3\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u57282001\u5e74\u88ab\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5411\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u7763\u5c0e\u6703\u5831\u6aa2\u8209\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u7db2\u7ad9\u642c\u96e2\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\uff08http:\/\/intermargins.net\/repression\/sexwork\/types\/enjo\/enjowebinncu\/enjowebinncu_index.htm<\/a>\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u66f4\u6709\u7121\u6578\u7db2\u6c11\u53ea\u56e0\u5176\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u300c\u63f4\uff08\u5143\u3001\u5713\u3001\u54e1\u3001\u539f\u3001\u7de3\u3001\u8881\u2026..\uff09\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u6216\u8abf\u60c5\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u800c\u88ab\u800c\u79fb\u9001\u8d77\u8a34\u30022004\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6301\u7e8c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u660e\u4ee4\u57fa\u5c64\u54e1\u8b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u7528\u91e3\u9b5a\u8a98\u6355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5075\u8fa6\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u54e1\u8b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u52d5\u4f48\u990c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u65e2\u5b58\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u76ca\u52a0\u56b4\u53b2\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u6027\u9080\u7d04\u6216\u5439\u5653\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6027\u88dd\u5099\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u54e1\u8b66\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u8b93\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u8a0a\u606f\u4e0d\u597d\u300d\u800c\u79fb\u9001\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u64f4\u5927\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u88ab\u6709\u8b58\u4eba\u58eb\u4ee5\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u6587\u5b57\u7344\u300d\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\uff08http:\/\/intermargins.net\/repression\/sexwork\/types\/enjo\/frkeyboard\/frkeyboard.htm<\/a>\uff09\u30022006\u5e74\u6709\u5169\u6848\u63d0\u8d77\u91cb\u61b2\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6703\u8b70\u89e3\u91cb\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u662f\u5426\u4fb5\u5bb3\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c0d\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc623\u865f\u91cb\u6587\u4ecd\u7136\u5805\u6301\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u4e0d\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4ecd\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u53cd\u60e1\u6cd5\u806f\u76df\u300d\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u5ee2\u9664\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\uff08http:\/\/antilaw.info\/29\/index.html<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> \u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u96d6\u7136\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u53cd\u5c0d\u96db\u5993\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u53cd\u8272\u60c5<\/strong>\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u81ea1999\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u7f6eweb547\u6aa2\u8209\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u6c11\u773e\u6aa2\u8209\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u59d4\u8a17\u8a13\u7df4\u7fa9\u5de5\u76e3\u770b\u7db2\u8def\u3002\uff08\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/www.web547.org.tw\/index1.htm<\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> \u64c1\u6709\u5ee3\u5927\u7db2\u53cb\u7fa4\u773e\u7684Yahoo!\u5947\u6469\u4ea4\u53cb\u7db2\u7ad9\u65bc2005\u5e745\u670812\u65e5\u4e0a\u53489:00 \u8d77\u5be6\u65bd\u65b0\u7248\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u7167\u7247\u5be9\u6838\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u64da\u8a72\u7db2\u7ad9\u5ba3\u7a31\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u512a\u8cea\u6e05\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u53cb\u5712\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u7167\u7247\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u717d\u60c5\u3001\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0f\u5716\u7247\u3002\u300d\u9055\u898f\u6027\u8cea\u5305\u62ec\uff1a(1) \u7537\u3001\u5973\u751f\u88f8\u9732\u4e09\u9ede\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c(2) \u7537\u3001\u5973\u5167\u8863\u7167\uff0c(4) \u7537\u751f\u6cf3\u8863\u7167\uff08\u9023\u8eab\u6cf3\u8863\u9664\u5916\uff09\uff0c(5) \u7537\u3001\u5973\u9732\u5c41\u80a1\uff0c(6) \u6027\u611f\u5167\u8863\/\u7761\u8863\u7167\uff0c(7) \u5168\u88f8\u4e0d\u898b\u9ede\u3002\u717d\u60c5\u6a19\u6e96\uff1a (1) \u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6027\u611b\u59ff\u52e2\u5716\u89e3\uff0c(2) \u523b\u610f\u7528\u624b\u6478\u80f8\u90e8\u3001\u6478\u4e0b\u9ad4\uff0c(3) \u7279\u5beb\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u5fb5\uff08\u80f8\u90e8\u3001\u4e0b\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u88f8\u9732\u6216\u717d\u60c5\u7167\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u99ac\u8cfd\u514b\u6216\u7279\u6548\u6a21\u7cca\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u9069\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u8655\u7f70\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u6216\u505c\u6b0a\u3002\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u986f\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u771f\u6b63\u9055\u6cd5\u7684\u88f8\u9732\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7db2\u6c11\u5011\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u52d5\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6297\u62d2\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u7406\u9650\u5236\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u5947\u6469\u4ea4\u53cb\u5be9\u7167\u7247 \u5947\u6469\u5b50\u4e0d\u723d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58312005\u5e746\u670823\u65e5A6\u7248\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5be9\u6838\u6a19\u6e96\u4e5f\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u8eab\u5206\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3001\u9020\u578b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3001\u5bf5\u7269\u6216\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u7121\u6578\u8de8\u6027\u8005\u3001\u7279\u7acb\u7368\u884c\u8005\u3001\u5bf5\u7269\u4e3b\u4eba\u3001\u71b1\u611b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7db2\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> \u5728\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500bNGO\u4e5f\u4e32\u9023\u7acb\u5834\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u96a8\u6a5f\u7d44\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u5e7e\u500b\u300c\u806f\u76df\u300d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u62d3\u5c55\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u9019\u5169\u5e74\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u958b\u653e\u8a00\u8ad6\u983b\u983b\u95dc\u6ce8\u751a\u81f3\u5f37\u529b\u6279\u5224\u7684\u300c\u95b1\u807d\u4eba\u5a92\u9ad4\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u300d\u3002\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u56e0\u61c9\u7279\u6b8a\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e32\u9023\u5bb6\u9577\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c0d\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u9032\u884c\u544a\u767c\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u59822003\u5e74\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7684\u6027\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u7ad9\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u5f0f\u544a\u767c\u3002\u52f5\u99a8\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u5728\u63a8\u5ee3\u300c\u516c\u76ca\u884c\u92b7\u300d\u6642\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u672a\u4f86NGO\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u300e\u7b56\u7565\u806f\u76df\u300f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u300e\u7570\u696d\u806f\u76df\u300f\u3002\u50cf\u52f5\u99a8\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7b56\u7565\u806f\u76df\uff0c\u6709\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u806f\u76df\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u6709\u8b70\u984c\u5f0f\u7684\u806f\u76df\u3002\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u516c\u76ca\u884c\u92b7\u3009http:\/\/npo.nccu.edu.tw\/content\/section03\/item05_doc\/1\/s003.pdf<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7267\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7528\u4f86\u63a8\u5ee3\u5e74\u9f61\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u8207\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u806f\u76df\u300d\u65bc2003\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c22\u500b\u806f\u76df\u6210\u54e1\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u670916\u500b\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> 2004\u5e74\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u9023\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u6210\u529f\u5f8c\u8003\u616e\u5167\u95a3\u4eba\u9078\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u63a2\u8a62\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u9858\u64d4\u4efb\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u798f\u653f\u52d9\u59d4\u54e1\uff0c\u986f\u898b\u95dc\u4fc2\u826f\u597d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4e5f\u958b\u98a8\u6c23\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c2003\u5e74\u570b\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6c11\u71df\u5316\u7684\u53f0\u9e7d\u5c31\u958b\u8a2d\u611b\u99a8\u516c\u76ca\u5e97\uff0c\u5c08\u8ce3\u53f0\u9e7d\u751f\u6280\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed1\u5e74\u5275\u9020\u767e\u842c\u5143\u76c8\u9918\uff0c\u6b23\u559c\u4e4b\u9918\u5ba3\u4f48\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a8\u5ee3\u7570\u696d\u7d50\u76df\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u52f5\u99a8\u53f0\u9e7d\u5408\u4f5c \u5e74\u8cfa\u767e\u842c\u3009\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58312004\u5e748\u670818\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5c0d\u65bc\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u773e\u591a\u81ea\u9858\u9032\u5165\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u696d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u96d6\u7136\u5426\u8a8d\u5176\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u8aaa\u5979\u5011\u662f\u300c\u5167\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5331\u4e4f\u300d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u5f15\u7528\u793e\u904b\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u5b57\u5f59empower\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u898f\u8a13\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547c\u7c72\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u529b\u6295\u6ce8\u8cc7\u6e90\u5354\u52a9\u9019\u4e9b\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7814\u767c\u63a8\u5ee3\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u6848\u8b93\u5c11\u5973\u627e\u5230\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u8a08\u7814\u767c\u80fd\u5920empower\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a4d\u6975\u63a8\u5ee3\u9032\u5165\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u793e\u5340\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u7576\u7136\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u64f4\u5927\u7267\u4e16\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5708\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u3008\u9053\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c3a\uff0c\u9b54\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e08\u3009\uff0c\u9801301-303\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u81ea1997\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5169\u6027\uff08\u5f8c\u6539\u70ba\u6027\u5225\uff09\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u8a2d\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f86\u9023\u7e8c\u64d4\u4efb4\u5c46\u59d4\u54e1\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e5f\u9577\u671f\u5728\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u7763\u5c0e\u6703\u5831\u4e0a\u64d4\u4efb\u59d4\u54e1\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8207\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u6027\u5225\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6b21\u7d1a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u7981\u8272\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f71\u97ff\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5168\u570b\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u7b56\u7576\u7136\u6709\u6240\u6d89\u5165\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> \u7981\u8272\u7684NGO\u6301\u7e8c\u5c0d\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u73fe\u8c61\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u8a0a\u65bd\u58d3\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u4e0b\u8ca0\u8cac\u63a8\u52d5\u570b\u5167\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7db2\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u61c9\u7528\u4ee5\u958b\u5275\u7db2\u8def\u5546\u6a5f\u7684\u8de8\u90e8\u6703\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u901a\u4fe1\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8a2d\u5c08\u6848\u63a8\u52d5\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\uff0c\u57281998\u5e7410\u6708\u4ee5\u300c\u9632\u5236\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u300d\u70ba\u7531\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u6de8\u7db2\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6383\u8569\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> \u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u773e\u591a\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5b97\u6559\u7d44\u7e54\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u9810\u8a2d\u975e\u5e38\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5f9e\u51fa\u7684\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f37\u52e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u5979\u5011\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u6027\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u8457\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7981\u617e\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5951\u5408\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u8d85\u8d8a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u628a\u5979\u5011\u5c0d\u672c\u570b\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u98a8\u6c23\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7c21\u5316\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754cNGO\u7684\u8ca1\u52d9\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u63d0\u5347\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u7981\u5a3c\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5e03\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u57282005\u5e74\u521d\u6b63\u5f0f\u516c\u4f48\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u9f90\u5927\u7d93\u8cbb\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u611b\u6ecb\u9632\u7bc4\u8a08\u756b\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u7d93\u8cbb\u88dc\u52a9\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u6392\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u6301\u53cb\u5584\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u5404\u7d1aNGO\uff0c\u4ee5\u67af\u7aed\u5993\u6b0a\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u89d2\u529b\u503c\u5f97\u7e7c\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u6297\u62d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u570b\u969b\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u5176\u4e32\u9023\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002http:\/\/www.ecpat.net\/eng\/Ecpat_network\/index.asp<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> 2001\u5e74\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u526f\u4e3b\u59d4\u694a\u9ec3\u7f8e\u5e78\u5728\u3008\u53f0\u7063NGO\u5982\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u806f\u76df\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u4e4b\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u52a0\u8b9a\u63da\uff1a\u300c\u6b64\u6b21\u5f88\u69ae\u5e78\u96a8\u540c\u81f3\u65e5\u672c\u6a6b\u6ff1\u53c3\u52a0\u300e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u53cd\u5152\u7ae5\u5546\u696d\u6027\u525d\u524a\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6703\u300f\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u56db\u5929\u6703\u8b70\u8b70\u7a0b\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u6df1\u611f\u7372\u76ca\u826f\u591a\u2026\u2026\u6b64\u6b21\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u8a72\u6703\u9080\u8acb\u653f\u5e9c\u6d89\u5916\u4e8b\u52d9\u5b98\u54e1\u4e00\u540c\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u300e\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u300f\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u9054\u81f4\u672c\u90e8\u300e\u5168\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u300f\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u300d\u694a\u9ec3\u7f8e\u5e78\u66f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c11\u9593\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u969b\u80fd\u898b\u5ea6\u300c\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u570b\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7ba1\u9053\u4e4b\u958b\u62d3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u5be6\u4e4b\u570b\u969b\u53cb\u8abc\u300d\u3002 http:\/\/www.ecpat.org.tw\/html\/view01_05.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> \u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u6539\u7248\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u300c\u670d\u52d9\u300d\u5c64\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e86\u300c\u9810\u9632\u300d\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u5021\u5c0e\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u52d5\u54e1\u3001\u63a8\u52d5\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u9ad8\u77bb\u9858\u666f\u986f\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u9060\u8d85\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u9304\u548c\u570b\u969b\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8ca1\u52d9\u63a7\u7ba1\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u8cac\u4fe1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u52df\u6b3e\u6548\u80fd\u2026\u7b49\u5c08\u696d\u6a19\u6e96\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5979\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5152\u7ae5\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u65b9\u6848\u5c62\u5c62\u7372\u5f97\u570b\u969b\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u734e\u9805\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300c2004\u4e9e\u592a\u5340NGO\u5353\u8d8a\u734e\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca2005\u5e74\u300c\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9020\u6848\u4f8b\u300d\u7af6\u8cfd\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7372\u734e\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f7f\u5f97\u52f5\u99a8\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u734e\u9805\u9664\u4e86\u734e\u91d1\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u5169\u5929\u8a13\u7df4\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7372\u734e\u7684\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u53c3\u52a0\u570b\u969b\u8cc7\u6e90\u904b\u7528\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5b78\u7fd2\u8cc7\u6e90\u9023\u7d50\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u76ee\u6a19\u53ca\u9858\u666f\u3001\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5ea6\u53ca\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a13\u7df4\u4e5f\u5c07\u4f7f\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u5728\u5730\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f37\u5316\u4fdd\u5b88\u7981\u8272NGO\u7684\u5728\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> \u6309\u7167\u9019\u500b\u570b\u969b\u898f\u683c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u6aa2\u8209\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u5206\u6210\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u985e\u300d\u5305\u62ec\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u60c5\u8272\uff08\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u88f8\u9732\u6216\u53ea\u7a7f\u8457\u90e8\u5206\u8863\u670d\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u59ff\u52e2\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u8207\u5152\u7ae5\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff09\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u88f8\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u9f13\u5439\u8a8d\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u88f8\u9ad4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u559c\u611b\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\uff09\u3001\u8a98\u9a19\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u904b\u8ce3\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u89c0\u5149\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u53ef\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\uff08\u5c0d\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u700f\u89bd\u7121\u9650\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\uff09\uff1b\u300c\u6210\u4eba\u985e\u300d\u5247\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u8272\u60c5\u5149\u789f\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6bd2\u54c1\u3001\u5783\u573e\u90f5\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u7acb\u610f\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u53ca\u5783\u573e\u90f5\u4ef6\u4e26\u5217\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u53cd\u601d\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u7d93\u904e\u4e09\u5929\u76e3\u770b\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u7fa9\u5de5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8d77\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u9084\u80fd\u52a0\u5165\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u76e3\u770b\u6578\u64da\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> \u3008\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff1a\u5148\u505a\u597d\u8f14\u5c0e\u6a5f\u5236\u5427\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58312003\u5e747\u67088\u65e5A8\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> \u53c3\u898bOur Global Neighborhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance, <\/em><\/strong>eco-logic<\/em>, January\/February, 1996. \uff08http:\/\/www.sovereignty.net\/p\/gov\/gganalysis.htm\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> \u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5c1a\u672a\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\uff08civic\uff09\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u6e05\u695a\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\u7b49\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u6240\u4e32\u9023\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6b63\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> \u56e0\u61c9\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u52e2\uff0c\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5df2\u7d93\u628a\u672a\u4f865\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76ee\u6a19\u5b9a\u70ba\uff1a1. \u56de\u61c9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u95dc\u61f7\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u5973\u6027\uff0c2. \u8ce6\u4e88\u53d7\u5275\u8005\u5fa9\u539f\u529b\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u86fb\u8b8a\uff0c3. \u518d\u9020\u77e5\u8b58\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u63a5\u8ecc\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c4. \u7814\u767c\u793e\u798f\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u570b\u611b\u99a8\u7db2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\u5c31\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u9032\u5165\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u6574\u7de8\u63aa\u65bd\u3002http:\/\/www.goh.org.tw\/chinese\/about\/aboutmiss1.asp<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[69]<\/a> \u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/publish.gio.gov.tw\/newsc\/newsc\/901214\/90121401.html<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[70]<\/a> \u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u64f4\u5927\u88fd\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u907a\u9918\u529b\u30022005\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u79d8\u66f8\u9577\u674e\u9e97\u82ac\u5728\u300c\u66ab\u7de9\u5be6\u65bd\u66a8\u5168\u9762\u6aa2\u8a0e\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u53ca\u9304\u5f71\u7bc0\u76ee\u5e36\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u516c\u807d\u6703\u300d\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5176\u5be6\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6240\u670924\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u670924\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u7b97\u662f\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u3002\u722d\u53d6\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u76ee\u524d\u919e\u91c0\u6210\u7acbU24\uff08Under 24\uff09\u806f\u76df\u4f86\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u767c\u8072\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[71]<\/a> \u793e\u798f\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c0d\u65b0\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u738b\u9806\u6c11\u5c31\u70ba\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u60f3\u50cf\u70ba\u672c\u4f4d\u4f86\u601d\u7d22\u4fdd\u969c\u5152\u5c11\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u7167\u5230\u8b8a\u9077\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u5404\u7a2e\u5bb6\u5ead\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u5c11\u5e74\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u5167\u6db5\u4e0d\u4e00\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u8207\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u65cf\u7fa4\u300d\uff0c\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u61c9\u300c\u66f4\u70ba\u8a73\u5be6\u5730\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u5c11\u5e74\u500b\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u72c0\u6cc1\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u8655\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5883\u9047\u300d\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u738b\u9806\u6c11\uff082003\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u6709\u95dc\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u5408\u4f75\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u60f3\u6cd5\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[72]<\/a> \u5f9e1997\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u516c\u5a3c\u6297\u722d\uff09\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\uff08\u5152\u5c1129\u689d\u53ca\u5211\u6cd5235\u689d\uff09\u3001\u53cd\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u4ee5\u5152\u798f\u6cd5\u70ba\u6cd5\u6e90\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u53ca\u96fb\u8996\u9304\u5f71\u7bc0\u76ee\u5e36\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u5167\u5bb9\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff09\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff08\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u4ef6\u53ca\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u5f31\u52e2\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\u548c\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u963b\u64cb\u4e0a\u8ff0\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\uff0f\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[73]<\/a> \u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a8d\u53ef\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u6301\u7e8c\u652f\u6301\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u9632\u5236\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4ee5\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5ba3\u5c0e\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91dd\u5c0d\u5ac1\u7d66\u53f0\u7063\u7537\u6027\u7684\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u53f0\u7063\u8d0a\u52a9\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u4f86\u6e90\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u5b98\u54e1\u5df2\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c11\u773e\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u8272\u60c5\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8a98\u62d0\u5b69\u7ae5\u9032\u884c\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u793e\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u4e5f\u4e3b\u52d5\u62dc\u8a2a\u66e0\u8ab2\u7ff9\u5b78\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u884c\u54a8\u8a62\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b69\u7ae5\u4e0d\u6703\u843d\u5165\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002\u300d\u9019\u4efd\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5831\u544a\u986f\u7136\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4fdd\u8b77\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u6240\u52a0\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u5e0c\u671b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6566\u4fc3\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[74]<\/a> Break the Chain Campaign<\/em>\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u9996\u5e9c\u7684\u7f8e\u570bNGO\u6c11\u9593\u667a\u5eab\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u300d\uff08Institute for Policy Studies\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a08\u756b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u9996\u5e9c\u5730\u5340\u773e\u591a\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u4e4b\u5916\u7c4d\u5e6b\u4f63\u63d0\u4f9b\u6551\u63f4\u548c\u5354\u52a9\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u65bc1960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5021\u8b70\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u89c0\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u591a\u534a\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6d89\u8db3\u53cd\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7576\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u653f\u6b0a\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u9996\u5584\u4e4b\u5340\u4eba\u6b0a\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u53cd\u8af7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65b9\u5b5d\u9f0e\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u6d41\u8b8a\uff1a1987-1996\u3009\uff0c\u91cd\u8a2a\u6771\u4e9e\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u3001\u5340\u57df\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u67032002\u5e74\u6703\u3002http:\/\/www.ncu.edu.tw\/~eng\/csa\/year2002\/papers\/B2_2.doc<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u738b\u9806\u6c11\uff082003\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u6709\u95dc\u5152\u7ae5\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u5408\u4f75\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u60f3\u6cd5\u3009\uff0c\u8ca1\u5718\u6cd5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u570b\u653f\u8a55\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\uff08\u8a55\uff09092-046\u865f\uff0c2003\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\u3002\u00a0 http:\/\/www.npf.org.tw\/PUBLICATION\/SS\/092\/SS-C-092-046.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u674e\u4ea6\u5712\uff081980\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9077\u4e2d\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u5c71\u65cf\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4e94\u500b\u6751\u843d\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b48: 1-29\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c88\u7f8e\u771f\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7684\u7279\u8272\u53ca\u689d\u6587\u4ecb\u7d39\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\uff0c16-31\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\uff08\u7de8\u8457\uff09\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u82b1\u84ee\u5584\u7267\u4e2d\u5fc3\u806f\u5408\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\u3001\u912d\u6021\u4e16\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u6a5f\u69cb\u5f9e\u4e8b\u793e\u6703\u7acb\u6cd5\u516c\u76ca\u904a\u8aaa\u7b56\u7565\u5256\u6790\uff1a\u4ee5\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u70ba\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\uff0c32-55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f35\u78a7\u7434\uff0c\u3008\u7236\u6b0a\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\uff1a\u5c0d\u300c\u7ad9\u5728\u7236\u6b0a\u7684\u80a9\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u300e\u53cd\u300f\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u4e4b\u56de\u61c9\u3009\uff0chttp:\/\/taiwan.yam.org.tw\/womenweb\/papers\/0004.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9673\u7f8e\u83ef\uff082003\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u3009\uff0c\u300a2002\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6b0a\u5831\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u524d\u885b\uff0c\u9801103-124\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ed6\u78a7\u82f1\uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff081986\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u96e3\u984c\uff1a\u89c0\u5149\u8207\u8ce3\u6625\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317 : \u6c38\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d99\u66c9\u73b2\uff081996\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u7ad9\u5728\u7236\u6b0a\u7684\u80a9\u4e0a\uff1a\u300c\u53cd\u300d\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u3009\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5159: 12-14\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u912d\u745e\u9686\uff0c\uff081997\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u5c11\u5973\u5f9e\u5a3c\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u9632\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u300b3\u671f: 85-120\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff082002\uff09\uff0c\u3008\u9053\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c3a\uff0c\u9b54\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e08\uff1f\uff1a\u5f9e\u8272\u60c5\u7522\u696d\u8f49\u578b\uff0c\u8ac7\u300c\u53cd\u96db\u5993\u300d\u904b\u52d5\u65b0\u601d\u60df\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\uff0c298-303\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u5a92\u9ad4\u76f8\u95dc\u5831\u5c0e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3008\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u628a\u611b\u627e\u56de\u4f86 \u53cd\u96db\u5993 \u842c\u4eba\u83ef\u897f\u8857\u6162\u8dd1\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311993\u5e7411\u670814\u65e53\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u6b63\u98a8 \u9663\u98a8 \u5439\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74 \u53d6\u7de0\u96db\u5993 \u8b66\u65b9\u5c55\u793a\u6210\u679c \u8272\u60c5\u672a\u6222 \u5a66\u5973\u4ecd\u591a\u975e\u96e3\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e743\u67085\u65e510\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u82b1\u8857\u67f3\u5df7\u5927\u904a\u884c \u6297\u8b70\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5c0f\u96db\u5993\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311987\u5e741\u670811\u65e55\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5947\u6469\u4ea4\u53cb\u5be9\u7167\u7247 \u5947\u6469\u5b50\u4e0d\u723d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58312005\u5e746\u670823\u65e5A6\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u4fdd\u8b77\u96db\u5993 \u516b\u5718\u9ad4\u6628\u9673\u60c5\u7acb\u9662 \u4fc3\u91cd\u5be9\u5c11\u798f\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e7411\u67089\u65e511\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u62ef\u6551\u96db\u5993! \u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u8acb\u9858 \u8981\u6c42\u5211\u6cd5\u589e\u5217\u8655\u7f70\u5c08\u689d \u56b4\u61f2\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4eba\u53e3\u903c\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e748\u670820\u65e56\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u6d41\u9daf\u843d\u7db2 \u51fa\u7c60\u7336\u5de2\u820a\u679d \u8f14\u5c0e\u5c31\u696d \u65b9\u80fd\u76e1\u5378\u6fc3\u7ca7\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311987\u5e743\u67084\u65e57\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u537f\u672c\u826f\u5bb6\u5973 \u786c\u7576\u843d\u6eb7\u82b1 \u54e1\u8b66\u70ba\u722d\u6b63\u98a8\u7e3e\u6548 \u57f7\u884c\u504f\u5dee\u8b8a\u826f\u70ba\u5a3c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311987\u5e743\u670816\u65e55\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u65c5\u904a\u9047\u4e0a\u8cb7\u6625\u5718 \u7acb\u9662\u53ec\u958b\u516c\u807d\u6703\u3009\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58311996\u5e7411\u670817\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u300c\u9664\u975e\u5168\u53f0\u7063\u7537\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8272\u60c5\u72c2\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u516d\u842c\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311993\u5e7410\u670831\u65e53\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5f37\u59e6\u7f6a\u6539\u516c\u8a34\u7f6a \u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff1a\u53d7\u66b4\u6a23\u614b\u5f9e\u5bec\u8a8d\u5b9a \u610f\u7fa9\u6700\u5927 \u672a\u4f86\u4e0d\u8ad6\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u662f\u53e3\u4ea4\u3001\u809b\u4ea4\u6216\u6709\u7121\u5c04\u7cbe \u90fd\u96e3\u9003\u5236\u88c1\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311999\u5e743\u670831\u65e53\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u63ee\u5225\u300c\u5a66\u8077\u6240\u300d\u6f14\u51fa\u300c\u9cf3\u9084\u5de2\u300d \u4e5d\u6210\u96db\u9daf\u63d2\u7fc5\u96e3\u98db\u91cd\u64cd\u8ce4\u696d\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311986\u5e7411\u670817\u65e55\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u63f4\u6551\u96db\u5993 \u5192\u96e8\u51fa\u64ca\ufe57\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58311988\u5e741\u670810\u65e510\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff1a\u5148\u505a\u597d\u8f14\u5c0e\u6a5f\u5236\u5427\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u58312003\u5e747\u67088\u65e5A8\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u52f5\u99a8\u53f0\u9e7d\u5408\u4f5c \u5e74\u8cfa\u767e\u842c\u3009\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58312004\u5e748\u670818\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u82f1\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barlow, Tani (2002). \u201cAsia, Gender and Scholarship Under Processes of Re-Regionalization.\u201d\u00a0 Journal of Gender Studies<\/em>, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan, No. 5: 1-14.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bland, Lucy (1995).\u00a0 Banishing the Beast: Sexuality and the Early Feminists<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: The New Press.<\/span><\/p>\n

ECPAT International (2015).\u00a0 Ecpat 25 Years: Rallying the World to End Child Sexual Exploitation<\/em>.\u00a0 Chiang Mai, Thailand.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.ecpat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ECPAT%2025%20Years_FINAL.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Foucault, Michel (1982, 1983).\u00a0 \u201cThe Subject and Power.\u201d\u00a0 Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics<\/em>.\u00a0 Edited by Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, 2nd<\/sup> edition.\u00a0 Chicago: U of Chicago P, 208-226.<\/span><\/p>\n

Habermas, J\u00fcrgen (1987).\u00a0 The Theory of Communicative Action<\/em>.\u00a0 Vol. Two.\u00a0 Life World and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason<\/em>.\u00a0 Boston: Beacon Press.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hershatter, Gail (1997, 1998).\u00a0 Dangerous Pleasure: Prostitution and Modernity in 20th<\/sup>-Century Shanghai<\/em>.\u00a0 Berkeley: U of California P.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho, Josephine (2003).\u00a0 \u201cFrom Spice Girls to Enjo Kosai<\/em>: Formations of Teenage Girls\u2019 Sexualities in Taiwan.\u201d\u00a0 InterAsia Journal of Cultural Studies<\/em> 4.2: 325-336.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rosen, Ruth (1982, 1983, 1994).\u00a0 The Lost Sisterhood: Prostitution in America, 1900-1918.<\/em>\u00a0 Baltimore & London: Johns Hopkins.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vayrynen, Raimo (1999).\u00a0 \u201cNorms, Compliance, and Enforcement in Global Governance.\u201d\u00a0 Globalization and Global Governance<\/em>.\u00a0 Ed. by Raimo Vayrynen.\u00a0 Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.\u00a0 25-46.<\/span><\/p>\n

Walkowitz, Judith (1980).\u00a0 Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State. <\/em>Cambridge: Cambridge UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Young, Iris Marion (1990).\u00a0 Justice and the Politics of Difference<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6709\u95dc\u63f4\u4ea4\u88ab\u6355\u7684<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[295,44,258,296],"class_list":["post-1451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25","tag-ngo","tag-44","tag-258","tag-296"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1451"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6202,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1451\/revisions\/6202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}