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\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e00\u7a2e\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\uff09\u5c0b\u6c42\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5247\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u5c0b\u6c42\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5b78\u5b78\u8005Hans Robert Jauss\u5f88\u65e9\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u91cd\u7d44\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e32\u9023\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u8996\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u570b\u9b42\u8207\u547d\u904b\u7684\u8868\u73fe [1]<\/strong><\/a><\/span>\u3002Jauss\u6279\u5224\u9019\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u7368\u7279\u6027\u300d\u3001\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u3001\u300c\u570b\u9b42\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u8996\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\u7684\u5916\u5728\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5be6\u8e10\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6216\u8b6f\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff09[2]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1a\u5c0d\u672c\u570b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u570b\u9b42\u5728\u6b77\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u5f70\u986f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u6c11\u65cf\u5718\u7d50\uff0c\u9f13\u821e\u58eb\u6c23\uff0c\u5bc4\u671b\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4e4b\u5230\u4f86\uff1b\u5c0d\u4ed6\u570b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u570b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u672c\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5b78\uff08\u570b\u9b42\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u512a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b78\uff08\u570b\u9b42\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u64f4\u5f35\u7af6\u722d\u768419\u4e16\u7d00\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u5927\u5b78\u8a2d\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u53ca\u5317\u5361\u7f85\u840a\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4f46\u898f\u6a21\u5c0f\uff0c\u9023\u5e2b\u8cc7\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388\u8de8\u7cfb\u517c\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u62db\u724c\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u8ab2\u4e5f\u88ab\u8b4f\u70ba\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u6559\u5b78\u751f\u8b80\u82f1\u8b6f\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u8457\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u662f\u6ef2\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8ab2\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7121\u529b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u6bd4\u8f03\u5de5\u4f5c [3]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6158\u6de1\u7d93\u71df\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u524d\u5f8c\u624d\u56e0\u70ba\u5929\u6642\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u8f49\u6a5f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u64d4\u8ca0\u8d77\u5176\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5c3e\u8072\u6642\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6700\u529b\u7684\u5317\u5361\u7f85\u840a\u90a3\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efbWerner P. Friederich\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5354\u6703\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u3008\u64c1\u8b77\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u3009\u4e00\u6587 [4]<\/a><\/strong>\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u4ee5\u570b\u969b\u773c\u5149\u6216\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u8005\u5718\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u8b00\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u5167\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\uff0cFriederich\u4e26\u81ea\u8cc7\u81ea\u7acb\u767c\u884c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\uff081952\u5e74\u6539\u7d44\u70ba\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff09\u4ee5\u806f\u7d61\u540c\u8def\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u71b1\u5fc3\u4eba\u58eb\u770b\u6e96\u4e86\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6230\u7565\u4fbf\u662f\u96c6\u7d50\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u9020\u6210\u8072\u52e2\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8005\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7d44\u7e54\u2500\u2500\u7f8e\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u6703(Modern Language Association of America\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31MLA)\u2500\u2500\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e03\u500b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u53ca\u5b97\u65e8\uff1a\u7121\u97fb\u6587\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u4e9e\u745f\u738b\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u3001\u82f1\u6cd5\u7f8e\u6587\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u82f1\u5fb7\u6587\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u53ca\u6cd5\u5fb7\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u7531\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u4fbf\u53ef\u898b\u5176\u8208\u8da3\u6240\u5728\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u6b50\u6d32\u8207\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u800c\u5df2\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e9\u671f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u8005\u6240\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4fbf\u662f\u806f\u5408\u4e26\u7d71\u4e00\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7fMLA\u627f\u8a8d\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u70ba\u5176\u6b63\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u9580\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021947\u5e74\u570b\u969b\u5c40\u52e2\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u51b7\u6230\u958b\u59cb\u4e4b\u969b\uff0cMLA\u6c7a\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7533\u8acb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u9580\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u627f\u8972\u539f\u67097\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u6b50\u6d32\u91cd\u8981\u570b\u5bb6\u53ca\u82f1\u7f8e\u6587\u5b78\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728MLA\u7684\u7fbd\u7ffc\u4e0b\u9010\u6f38\u8301\u58ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6709\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u8981\u7c4c\u7d44\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u5b78\u8853\u520a\u7269\u4ee5\u58ef\u5927\u8072\u52e2\u4e26\u5411\u5916\u5ba3\u50b3\u3002Friederich\u81ea\u8cc7\u7684\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\u56fa\u7136\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u53e3\u7891\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u7db2\uff0c\u806f\u7d61\u60c5\u8abc\u6709\u9918\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5b78\u8853\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u591a\u65b9\u5954\u8d70\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u65bc1949\u5e74\u767c\u520a\uff0c\u7531\u5967\u745e\u5d17\u5927\u5b78\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u96c6\u7d50\u4e86\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u7de8\u8f2f\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684Harry Levin\u53ca\u8036\u9b6f\u7684Rene Wellek\uff0c\u6240\u520a\u767b\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e4f\u6cd5\u3001\u897f\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u7b49\u8a9e\u8a00\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u6b50\u6d32\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u513c\u7136\u6709\u570b\u969b\u520a\u7269\u7684\u6c23\u6d3e\u30021950\u5e74Friederich\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5b78\u8005Fernand Baldensperger\u5408\u529b\u7de8\u7e82\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u842c\u4e09\u5343\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u66f8\u76ee\u300b[5]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6210\u9577\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4e5f\u898f\u5283\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u30021958\u5e74\u4e26\u4e14\u7531\u798f\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u51fa\u8cc7\u8207\u5317\u5361\u5927\u5b78\u5408\u529b\u9080\u8acb\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5354\u6703\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u53ec\u958b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6703\uff08\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u65c5\u904a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u978f\u56fa\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4e86\u6b0a\u5a01\u2500\u2500MLA\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5354\u6703\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u7d44\u7e54\u2500\u2500\u539f\u6709MLA\u76847\u5c0f\u7d44\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u639b\u5e25\u2500\u2500Levin\u3001Wellek\u3001Friederich\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u52a0\u4e0a\u50b3\u64ad\u7ba1\u9053\u2500\u2500\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u53ca\u6539\u7d44\u4e4b\u5f8c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff1b\u53c8\u8d95\u4e0a1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u7522\u6240\u9700\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u8207\u8607\u806f\u51b7\u6230\u7af6\u722d\u800c\u4e9f\u9700\u79d1\u5b78\u8ecd\u5099\u4eba\u624d\u8a13\u7df4\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca1\u529b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u958b\u5c55\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5be9\u8996\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u61c9\u8a72\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e00\u4e0b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u5927\u7684\u8f49\u6a5f\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bcFriederich\u662f\u7576\u6642\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u4eba\u53ca\u4ee3\u8868\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u7576\u6642\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6709\u4f55\u6df1\u610f\u3002Friederich\u57281956\u5e74MLA\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\u56de\u6eaf\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u90e8\u9580\u5728MLA\u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u66fe\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\u75db\u5b9a\u601d\u75db\u4e4b\u9918\u96c6\u7d50\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u806f\u76df\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u96c6\u5408\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u63a8\u5ee3\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u8d77\u800c\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u908a\u767c\u8d77\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u904b\u52d5 [6]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u500b\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u5927\u6230\u662f\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u6392\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5e0c\u7ffc\u900f\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u901a\u76f8\u9023\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f86\u4fc3\u9032Friederich\u6240\u7a31\u4e4b\u300c\u6587\u5b78\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u592a\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5340\u5206\u79d1\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u7368\u6709\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u52a9\u9577\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5404\u6821\u7686\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5c45\u4e2d\u505a\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u518d\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u6587\u5316\uff08\u7a2e\u65cf\uff09\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\u5fc5\u9700\u5148\u6b63\u8996\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff08\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u300c\u6b63\u597d\u300d\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u4e9e\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u525d\u524a\u53ca\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5c0d\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65e9\u671f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u4ee5\u767d\u4eba\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u500b\u5371\u6a5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u8607\u4fc4\u8207\u6771\u6b50\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65d7\u5e5f\u4e0b\u7d71\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u5c0d\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u660e\u986f\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u300c\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u300d\u547c\u8072\u4e2d\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u52e2\u529b\u65e2\u9010\u6b65\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\u8b93\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u63db\u53d6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53f3\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u6d3e\u638c\u6b0a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f1948\u5e74\u7684\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7d04\u7d44\u7e54(NATO)\uff0c\u4ee5\u5411\u5171\u7522\u4e16\u754c\u8868\u793a\u6709\u7dad\u6301\u65e2\u5b58\u73fe\u72c0\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u6230\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u53c8\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u5340\u7d44\u7e54\u5404\u7a2e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5354\u9632\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u4e16\u754c\u9032\u884c\u570d\u5835\u3002<\/p>\n

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1955\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\u5960\u57fa\u4ebaFriederich\u5728\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u3008\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u3009\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5411\u6587\u5b78\u540c\u9053\u8868\u660e\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e0d\u662f\u4fb5\u4f54\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u9818\u571f\uff0c\u6436\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u98ef\u7897\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6587\u5316\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f86\u8cb6\u4f4e\u540c\u9053\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u4f46\u662fFriederich\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u8ca0\u8457\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u53ca\u6230\u5f8c\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5718\u7d50\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6d78\u6f64\u65bc\u4e3b\u89c0\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8a8d\u6e05\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u6301\u7e8c\u6709\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u500b\u5225\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u5b78\u8853\u5206\u7cfb\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u64c1\u8b77\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u672c\u884c\u5c08\u696d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u9032\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u897f\u65b9\u5718\u7d50\u6b64\u4e00\u5049\u5927\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5be6\u73fe [8]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7576\u6642\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8d64\u5316\uff0c\u97d3\u3001\u8d8a\u76f8\u7e7c\u5206\u88c2\u70ba\u5169\u534a\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e9e\u975e\u5404\u5730\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7d04\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u7dca\u5bc6\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9023Friederich\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u66fe\u6232\u7a31\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u662f\u300c\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7d04\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u5b78\u300d[9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4e00\u8a9e\u9053\u7834\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5718\u7d50\u81ea\u4fdd\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u610f\u7406\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f88\u591a\u30021948\u5e74Friederich\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\u4e5f\u60c5\u8a5e\u61c7\u5207\u5730\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u58eb\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5411\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b\u6316\u89d2\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u60f3\u5c0d\u6230\u5f8c\u7d93\u6fdf\u56f0\u7a98\u3001\u7d19\u5f35\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u4e00\u4f38\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u5b78\u8005\u62c9\u7a3f\u3002Friederich\u4e14\u660e\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u4e5f\u5f88\u9a55\u50b2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u99ac\u6b47\u723e\uff08\u63f4\u6b50\uff09\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u4f46\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4fc3\u9032\u4e92\u76f8\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u651c\u624b\u62ef\u6551\u6211\u5011\u5171\u6709\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5049\u5927\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522 [10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u300d\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u5169\u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8870\u9839\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u5d29\u6f70\u6709\u589e\u7121\u6e1b\uff0c\u9577\u6b64\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u96e3\u4fdd\u4e0d\u8d70\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\u8207\u66b4\u4e82\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u6230\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u5df2\u662f\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5175\u5de5\u5ee0\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u66f4\u901a\u904e1948\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fa9\u539f\u6cd5\u6848\uff08\u99ac\u6b47\u723e\u8a08\u5283\u5c31\u6db5\u84cb\u5728\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u91d1\u9322\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u7269\u8cc7\u3001\u548c\u6280\u8853\u52a9\u6210\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fa9\u7526\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u8207\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7d04\u7d44\u7e54\u5171\u540c\u978f\u56fa\u7f8e\u570b\u8207\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u570d\u5835\u8607\u806f\u8207\u6771\u6b50\u52e2\u529b\u4e4b\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u4ea6\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u5de5\u5546\u696d\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5927\u7e41\u69ae\u76841950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b55\u80b2\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u5e02\u5834\u3002Friederich\u7684\u9019\u6bb5\u8aaa\u8fad\u6070\u6070\u5730\u9053\u51fa\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u53ef\u80fd\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u610f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

Friederich\u7684\u9019\u5169\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u65bd\u52a0\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u5169\u7fa4\u540c\u8def\u4eba\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5411\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8005\u8fa8\u660e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8207\u6642\u4ee3\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u6b0a\u5a01\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u640f\u540c\u60c5\u8207\u652f\u6301\u3002Friederich\u4e5f\u8a31\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u6a23\u5766\u8aa0\u4ee5\u5f85\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u807d\u773e\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff1b\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6b63\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6b63\u8eab\u672c\u76f8\uff0c\u5370\u8b49\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u90a3\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7531\u65bc\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5c64\u7dca\u5f35\u6c23\u6c1b\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u627f\u8972\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u3001\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ca\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u5728\u5404\u570b\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u72c0\u6cc1\u7b49\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u7528\u6578\u64da\u6216\u5207\u5be6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u5370\u8b49\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u767c\u9001\u8005\uff08emittor\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\uff08receiver\uff09\u3001\u53ca\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff08intermediary\uff09\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u5efa\u69cb\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e0d\u505a\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9593\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u6587\u5b78\u8a6e\u91cb\u53ca\u6279\u8a55\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u8457\u91cd\u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb\u53ca\u8a55\u6790\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5169\u7bc7\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u6b50\u7f8e\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u80fd\u986f\u793a\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u666e\u540c\u672c\u8cea\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f4c\u88dc\u5b78\u8853\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u8207\u7f3a\u61be\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u300c\u7d14\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u65bc1958\u5e74\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u767d\u71b1\u5316\u3002Wellek\u5728\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u4e00\u6587 [11]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u62a8\u64ca\uff08\u6cd5\u570b\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u592a\u6a5f\u68b0\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u6279\u8a55\uff08\u6cd5\u570b\uff09\u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u6e90\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u9aa8\u5b50\u88e1\u4ecd\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u639b\u5e25\uff0cWellek\u4e14\u547c\u7c72\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u76ae\u6bdb\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u5fd8\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u8457\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u8a55\u50f9\u30021960\u5e74Henry H. H. Remak\u767c\u8868\u300c\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300d[12]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u6d3e\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f7f\u88c2\u7e2b\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u4f7f\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u898b\u7f8e\u6cd5\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5927\u50b7\u8166\u7b4b\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6276\u6416\u76f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u4e26\u99d5\u9f4a\u9a45\uff0c\u5171\u57f7\u725b\u8033\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u88c2\u75d5\u3002Friederich\u9762\u5c0d\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u754c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u57281964\u5e74\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u7b49\u5916\u5728\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u5a49\u8a00\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u6cd5\u570b\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u505a\u6cd5\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5927\u5e2bP.Van Tieghem\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u300d\u3002\u6839\u64daFriederich\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u4e00\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7194\u7210\uff0c\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u4e2d\u7acb\u7121\u79c1\u5730\u8a55\u50f9\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7686\u6709\u9818\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e09\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e43\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u5c40\u52e2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

Friederich\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u6b50\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u85c9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u505a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u570b\uff0c\u96a8\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u5165\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u6717\u54e5\u57f7\u653f\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u689d\u6587\u5316\u8def\u7dda\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u9593\u63a5\u50b3\u905e\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u6230\u6557\u6295\u964d\u5f8c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u901a\u5f80\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u570b\u3002\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u672c\u4f86\u7d93\u7531\u8607\u4f0a\u58eb\u904b\u6cb3\u8207\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u90a3\u585e\u638c\u653f\u57c3\u53ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u8607\u4f0a\u58eb\u904b\u6cb3\u6536\u70ba\u570b\u6709\uff0c\u63a1\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u7d66\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u5e73\u6dfb\u7121\u9650\u82e6\u60f1\uff0c\u60f3\u7e5e\u9053\u597d\u671b\u89d2\uff0c\u53c8\u906d\u9047\u5357\u975e\u60c5\u52e2\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u901a\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e4b\u8def\u9084\u5f97\u7d93\u904e\u7f8e\u570b\u624d\u884c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u7121\u5f62\u4e2d\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u8f49\u53e3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0cFriederich\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5c40\u52e2\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u4e5f\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u53d7\u73fe\u5be6\u4e86[13]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

Friederich\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u756a\u5206\u6790\u9593\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u4e16\u754c\u5c40\u52e2\u53ca\u6b0a\u529b\u91cd\u5fc3\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u56e0\u5927\u6230\u800c\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5247\u56e0\u5927\u6230\u63a8\u52d5\u8ecd\u706b\u53ca\u5de5\u696d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f97\u4ee5\u8df3\u51fa\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\uff0c\u9084\u5927\u767c\u6230\u722d\u8ca1\uff1b\u6b50\u6d32\u56e0\u6230\u722d\u8017\u640d\uff0c\u7121\u529b\u9867\u53ca\u4e9e\u975e\u53ca\u5357\u7f8e\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5247\u8d81\u6a5f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7576\u5730\u7684\u6b63\u7d93\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u570b\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6cf0\u6597\u7531\u6cd5\u570b\u8f49\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e8b\u51fa\u5fc5\u6709\u56e0\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7406\u8207\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u62c9\u650f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5408\u3002\u6709\u6b64\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u71b1\u60c5\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u6a19\u699c\u300c\u570b\u969b\u300d\uff08\u53ea\u9650\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u300c\u570b\u969b\u300d\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u5718\u7d50\u7684\u62db\u724c\u4e0b\u737b\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u5fc5\u9700\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u626e\u6f14\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u52d5\u4e82\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7531Friederich\u70ba\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u64b0\u62101964\u5e74\u7684\u3008\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3009\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u56de\u9867\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u6b78\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\uff0c\u300e\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u68c4\u7d55\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u689d [14]<\/strong><\/a>\u300d\u3002Friederich\u4e14\u516c\u958b\u6b61\u8fce\u9ed1\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u52a0\u5165\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8015\u8018\u7684\u5712\u5730\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u523b\u6211\u5011\u624d\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u4ee5\u6b50\u7f8e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u5728\u5ba2\u89c0\u60c5\u52e2\u6539\u8b8a\u5f8c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u64f4\u5f35\u70ba\u53cd\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u689d\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7576\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u6b21\u7b2c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u9010\u6f38\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7586\u57df\uff1b\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u96a8\u96fb\u5f71\u96fb\u8996\u666e\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u6536\u5165\u4e86\u7248\u5716\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5448\u73fe\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u9580\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6b64\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u7531\u65bc\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u5e36\u5165\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u767e\u82b1\u9f4a\u653e\u3001\u767e\u9ce5\u9f4a\u9cf4\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u6b63\u7b26\u5408\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb7\u9650\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u628a\u80f8\u895f\u8207\u9818\u57df\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6975\u9650\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u7a2e\u767e\u82b1\u9f4a\u653e\u3001\u767e\u9ce5\u9f4a\u9cf4\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\u666f\u8c61\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6d3b\u529b\u8208\u65fa\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5782\u6b7b\u524d\u7684\u6399\u624e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5feb\u8981\u6df9\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u9023\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\u4e5f\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u7586\u57df\uff08\u5373\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u628a\u6293\uff0c\u90fd\u60f3\u63d2\u4e00\u8173\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u5931\u53bb\u820a\u6709\u610f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u65b0\u610f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\u56b4\u91cd\u8a8d\u540c\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u8a72\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5371\u6a5f\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u7701\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6aa2\u8a0e\uff0c\u66f4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u9818\u57df\u662f\u5426\u5920\u683c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7531\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u8207\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5167\u5728\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u5371\u6a5f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u81f3\u65bc\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6b50\u7f8e\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u5247\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u6e1b\u4f4e\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u300c\u548c\u89e3\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u5df2\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b50\u6d32\u89aa\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\uff0c\u5176\u570b\u5167\u9738\u6b0a\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u7531\u53f3\u6d3e\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u9ee8\u57f7\u653f\uff0c\u897f\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u9032\u9000\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7576\u7136\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5c0d\u5718\u7d50\u5408\u4f5c\u4e4b\u610f\u7406\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u5c31\u55aa\u5931\u5b83\u8207\u7576\u524d\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u6027\u800c\u986f\u5f97\u591a\u9918\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f1972\u5e74\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u522a\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u767c\u520a\u6642\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u5b57\u773c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5b83\u5167\u5728\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8981\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u5916\u570b\u8a9e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5916\u8a9e\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6e1b\u7e2e\u5404\u7d1a\u5b78\u6821\u5916\u8a9e\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u7531\u6d41\u5229\u904b\u7528\u7e2e\u6c34\u70ba\u96fb\u8166\u95b1\u984c\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u6d41\u65bc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u60e1\u88dc\u8ab2\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u8b80\u82f1\u8b6f\u672c\u6839\u672c\u6478\u4e0d\u8457\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u96e3\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u88c1\u6e1b\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5b78\u751f\u8ca8\u6b3e\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u4fee\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5c11\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5247\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u672c\u4f861960\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u884c\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u64f4\u5f35\u505c\u6eef\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u98fd\u548c\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7a7a\u7f3a\u5df2\u6eff\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u96e3\u6c42\u30021982\u5e74\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u5b78\u751f\u5df2\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5247\u56e0\u70ba\u5faa\u5e8f\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u6578\u9084\u7dad\u63011976\u5e74\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5c0d\u6559\u8077\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u537b\u4e00\u6a23\u591a\uff0c\u9072\u65e9\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u6709\u50e7\u591a\u7ca5\u5c11\u7684\u56f0\u96e3 [15]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7562\u696d\u751f\u82e5\u60f3\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b78\u8a9e\u8a00\u7cfb\u8b00\u8077\u5247\u5f80\u5f80\u906d\u6253\u56de\u7968\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u300d\u3002\u672c\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u2500\u2500\u300c\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u300d\u2500\u2500\u73fe\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u5c31\u696d\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u9019\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u80fd\u9810\u6599\u7684\u3002\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u74f6\u9838\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9762\u5c0d1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u885d\u64ca\u6574\u500b\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u8655\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\u6709\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5efa\u57fa\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u570b\u9b42\u7b49\u7b49\u72f9\u9698\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u5316\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c1970\u30011980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u5247\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u9810\u8a2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u8996\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6587\u5b78\u7d93\u5178\u5de8\u8457\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6587\u5b78\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7121\u5be6\u5b58\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4e92\u6587\u6027\u300d(intertextuality)\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\uff1b\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5b78\u300d\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u6bd4\u6578\u64da\u4e8b\u5be6\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4f55\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u8b80\u8005\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff1b\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u6587\u985e(genre)\u6216\u5340\u5206\u6642\u671f(periodization)\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u5efa\u5236\u4f9d\u5faa\u50b3\u7d71\u800c\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u6163\u6027\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u5be6\u6216\u771f\u7406\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\uff09\u6f88\u5e95\u5206\u6790\u4e26\u5766\u627f\u81ea\u8eab\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u5c0d\u6587\u5b57\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u5c0d\u8b80\u8005\u3001\u5c0d\u95b1\u8b80\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u6e05\u81ea\u8eab\u4e26\u7121\u4ec0\u9ebc\u672c\u9ad4\u771f\u5be6\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u7406\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6311\u6230\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5206\u6790\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u500b\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5178\u7bc4\u8207\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6240\u5f9e\u51fa\u7684\u820a\u5178\u7bc4\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7576\u7136\u6709\u885d\u64ca\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u90a3\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6025\u5287\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u7684\u9818\u57df\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u898f\u5283\u5b83\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u56e0\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u820a\u6709\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5411\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u5118\u7ba1\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u5e2b\u8cc7\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4ecd\u662f\u7167\u50b3\u7d71\u8fa6\u4e8b\u6216\u8005\u767c\u5c55\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c0d\u6311\u6230\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u4fbf\u68c4\u7532\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u8996\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u6295\u964d\u7684\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\uff0c1979\u5e74\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u505a\u6210\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u53ca\u4f5c\u54c1\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u8b70\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e8619968\u5e74\uff08\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u5c1a\u672a\u8208\u8d77\uff09\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5354\u6703\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5e2dHarry Levin\u7684\u8b1b\u8a5e\uff0cLevin\u62a8\u64ca\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300c\u592a\u6ce8\u91cd\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u62c6\u6bc0\u6846\u67b6\u300d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u300c\u5be6\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1 [16]<\/strong><\/a>\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e8b\u9694\u5341\u5e74\uff0cLevin\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u518d\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u8cac\u4efb\u8207\u76ee\u6a19\u88ab\u62cb\u8af8\u8166\u5f8c\uff08\u898b\u524d\u8ff01972\u5e74\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u5b63\u520a\u7de8\u8f2f\u65b9\u91dd\u7684\u522a\u6539\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u65e9\u671f\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u70ba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u8981\u53cd\u5ba2\u70ba\u4e3b\u4e86\u30021980\u5e74\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u5b63\u520a\u5c07\u7de8\u8f2f\u65b9\u91dd\u5168\u9762\u64a4\u63db\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u300e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u300f\u5b63\u520a\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u570b\u5bb6\u6587\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u5167\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5167\u90e8\u6b0a\u529b\u5df2\u7136\u6613\u4e3b\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u520a\u7269\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f46\u63a5\u624b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u30021982\u5e74\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300d\u5728\u6578\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u554f\u5377\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u5728\u81ea\u586b\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u9577\u6642\u5beb\u4e86\u300c\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u2500\u2500\u5982\u5f71\u56ae\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u6587\u985e\u7b49\u7b49\u537b\u4e4f\u4eba\u554f\u6d25 [17]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5e2b\u8cc7\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u8f3b\u5ea6\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u7531\u50b3\u7d71\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ef6\uff0c\u8001\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5b78\u8005\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u8f15\u6613\u62f1\u624b\u9000\u96b1\uff0c\u65b0\u4eba\u8207\u820a\u4eba\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u57281985\u5e74\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\u66f4\u986f\u5c16\u92b3\u3002\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u63a1\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b78\u8005\uff08\u5982Wellek\u8207\u66fe\u56db\u5ea6\u53c3\u52a0\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u7684A. Owen Aldridge\uff09\u5728\u6703\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u592a\u5426\u8a8d\u7f8e\u611f\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u812b\u96e2\u73fe\u5be6\u3001\u74e6\u89e3\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5b57\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4f5c\u54c1\u7576\u8df3\u677f\u4ee5\u9041\u5165\u7a7a\u8ac7\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u5b78\u8005\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6700\u5927\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u4e0d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u5b8c\u5168\u6f20\u8996\u65e9\u671f\u5b78\u8005\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64Aldridge\u57281987\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u554f\u6642\u5f88\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6d41\u6d3e\u4f86\u5f97\u5feb\u53bb\u5f97\u4e5f\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u66c7\u82b1\u4e00\u73fe\uff1a\u300c\u51e1\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u51fa\u7c60\uff0c\u7e3d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u632f\u807e\u767c\u8075\u4e4b\u52e2\uff0c\u50cf\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u822c\u9707\u9a5a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6709\u5e74\u8f15\u6559\u6388\u6216\u5b78\u751f\u6293\u4f4f\u5b83\u6b7b\u4e0d\u653e\uff0c\u6eff\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e00\u67d3\u6307\u5c31\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u6709\u9760\u5c71\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u731b\u5b50\u624e\u4e86\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u904e\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u5c31\u88ab\u4eba\u6de1\u5fd8\uff0c\u518d\u7121\u4eba\u554f\u6d25\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u4f86\u3002\u300d[18]<\/strong><\/a> \u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u842c\u8b8a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96e2\u50b3\u7d71\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u5b97\u3002<\/p>\n

Aldridge\u7684\u9019\u756a\u8a71\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u771f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u672c\u8cea\u300d\u3001\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u5408\u4e4e\u6f6e\u6d41\u300d\u3001\u6216\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u300c\u7406\u6027\u5224\u65b7\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u68c4\u6208\u8f49\u5411\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u5c0b\u5f97\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u5967\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u7684\u300c\u9810\u8a00\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u554f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u70ba\u4f55\u8f49\u5411\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u80fd\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u88e1\u7dad\u6301\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u554f\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u610f\u7406\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u56e0\u4f55\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u518d\u8a73\u8ac7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u5411\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u9032\u8ecd\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u524d\u8eab\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u8a3c\u8ad6\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7956\u5e2b\u723a\u5011\u5728\u8457\u540d\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u638c\u63e1\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u8853\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6559\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4e5f\u5206\u6563\u5230\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u6d41\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u53bb\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u50b3\u64ad\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u9806\u8457\u9019\u80a1\u6f6e\u6d41\u8d70\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u6388\u5247\u767c\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u5730\u76e4\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u5ba3\u8b80\u8ad6\u6587\u6216\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u7533\u8acb\u7814\u7a76\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u4e5f\u56f0\u96e3\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9019\u500b\u300c\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u51fa\u5c40\u300d\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u53ca\u6559\u6388\u76f4\u7136\u8072\u671b\u65e5\u8870\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u9662\u9577\u70ba\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u8a55\u4f30\u8457\u60f3\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7a7a\u964d\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u300c\u6574\u9813\u7cfb\u52d9\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6574\u9813\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u89e3\u50f1\u3001\u6392\u64e0\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8ca1\u6e90\u53ca\u5347\u7b49\u3001\u62c9\u650f\u540c\u8def\u4eba\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u6f38\u6f38\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u4fbf\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8aaa\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u53ca\u5176\u5f1f\u5b50\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u80fd\u9010\u6f38\u63a7\u5236\u540d\u6821\u3001\u520a\u7269\u3001\u6703\u8b70\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u672c\u8eab\u5b78\u8853\u904e\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u70ba\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u79fb\u6c11\u5357\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u7d1a\u4eba\u7269\u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684Herbert Marcuse\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0cMarcuse\u7b49\u4eba\u537b\u4e0d\u5f97\u51fa\u982d\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u50cf\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u8005\u8cf4\u5e0c\uff08Wilhelm Reich\uff09\u5165\u5883\u7f8e\u570b\u6642\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c62\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u6b7b\u65bc\u7344\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u7684\u5f97\u52e2\u63a1\u53d6\u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u63a2\u67e5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u300c\u5967\u5999\u300d\u3002\uff08\u6709\u95dc\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u8acb\u898bMarcuse\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u55ae\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u300b[19]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u4e00\u65e6\u7372\u5f97\u9738\u6b0a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u6d3e\u90fd\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\u5230\u908a\u9672\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u7136\u800c1960\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u6b0a\u3001\u5973\u6b0a\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u53cd\u6230\u7b49\u7b49\u6fc0\u9032\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u5916\u90fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6975\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u9023\u5e36\u4e5f\u7d66\u50be\u5411\u793e\u6703\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6b50\u9678\u5b78\u8005\u54f2\u5b78\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u653b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u653b\u56e0\u61c9\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u300c\u5be6\u8e10\u61c9\u7528\u300d\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u767c\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5883\u5167\u5247\u7531\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u770b\u898b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u9010\u6f38\u8208\u65fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u55ae\u55ae\u9032\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u5be6\u8e10\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e2\u7136\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u9738\u6b0a\u4e0b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u5c64\u6b21\u5df2\u548c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u300c\u906d\u9047\u6230\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5099\u53d7\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0d\u60f3\u548c\u5176\u5be6\u8e10\u5c64\u6b21\u9577\u671f\u812b\u7bc0\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u9072\u65e9\u548c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u5805\u5f37\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u9084\u5728\u300c\u518d\u751f\u7522\u300d\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u628a\u6301\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u7cfb\u3001\u6703\u8b70\u3001\u53ca\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u53d6\u5411\u4e4b\u5be6\u8e10\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u55ae\u5be6\u8e10\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u4f86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5176\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4fbf\u8208\u8d77\u70ba\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u9032\u8ecd\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u540c\u6642\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u50cf\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u50cf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u4f5c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7058\u982d\u5821\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u9053\u7406\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u53d6\u5411\u57281960\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u52d5\u4e82\u4e2d\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u6fc0\u9032\u904b\u52d5\u53ca\u73fe\u5be6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u904e\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5316\uff08\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u53d6\u4ee3\uff09\u53ca\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u908a\u9672\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u9808\u8b00\u6c42\u65b0\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4fbf\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb\u6295\u5165\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u8e10\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u5982\u8b58\u5b57\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5beb\u4f5c\u6559\u5b78\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6240\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u597d\u8a3c\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u529f\u7528\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u5982\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u3001\u5c3c\u91c7\u7b49\u4eba\uff09\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u76f8\u929c\u63a5\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u539f\u4f86\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u5c64\u9762\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u6b0a\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8a08\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e03\u6298\u516b\u8f49\u5730\u8ac7\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u7b97\u770b\u6e05\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3001\u8f49\u578b\u3001\u56f0\u5c40\u3001\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5176\u300c\u793e\u6703\u2014\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u6240\u8655\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u89d2\u8272\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e5f\u8a31\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u754c\u9010\u6f38\u5931\u52e2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u5927\u6709\u53ef\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u908a\u9672\u5730\u4f4d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7e3d\u662f\u4ea6\u6b65\u4ea6\u8da8\uff0c\u6df1\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u904e\u6642\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e5f\u6703\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u4e00\u822c\u6380\u8d77\u7406\u8ad6\u71b1\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4fbf\u662f\u628a\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f03\u62fc\u6e4a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\uff08\u5373\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7955\u5bc6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u90a3\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u8005\u517c\u6771\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u6b50\u967d\u6968\u57281981\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\u4e2d\u64b0\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5728\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u60c5\u6cc1\u6642\u66fe\u5074\u9762\u63d0\u8d77\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u300d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\uff08\u53f0\u7063\u6de1\u6c5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u81ea1971\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u56db\u5e74\u8209\u8fa6\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u4ef6\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u5176\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u9000\u51fa\u806f\u5408\u570b\u812b\u4e0d\u4e86\u5e72\u4fc2 [20]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u8173<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Hans Robert Jauss, \u201cLiterary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory,\u201d Toward an Aesthetic of Reception<\/em>,<\/u> tran. by Timothy Bahti (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1982) 3-45. \u6b64\u6587\u90e8\u4efd\u4e2d\u8b6f\u767b\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u5916\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u5831\u5c0e\u300b\uff081987\u5e741\u6708\u865f\uff09\u300c\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5b78\u8b80\u8005\u53cd\u61c9\u6279\u8a55\u300d\u5c08\u865f\uff0c23-26\u9801\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ibid, 6-7.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> William J. Desua, ed., The Challenge of Comparative Literature and Other Addresses by Werner P. Friederich<\/em> (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1970): 8.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Werner P. Friederich, \u201cThe Case for Comparative Literature,\u201d Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors<\/em> (1945).<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Fernand Baldensperger & Werner P. Friederich, eds. Bibliography of Comparative Literature <\/em>(Chapel Hill: U of N. Carolina P, 1950).<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Desua, 11.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ibid, 11.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ibid, 22-3.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Ibid, 30.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Ibid, 10.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Rene Wellek, \u201cThe Crisis of Comparative Literature,\u201d Comparative Literature<\/em>, Proceedings of the Second Congress (1958): 149-59.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Henry H. H. Remak, \u201cComparative Literature at the Crossroads: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis,\u201d Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature<\/em> 9 (1960): 1-28.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> DeSua, 47-8.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Ibid, 48.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Leland Chambers, \u201cComparative Literature Programs in the US and Canada: A Survey,\u201d Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature <\/em>31 (1981): 97.<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Harry Levin, \u201cComparative the Literature,\u201d Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature <\/em>17(1968): 15.\u00a0 Cf. Bernard F. Scholz, \u201cComparing the Theories of Literature?: Some Remarks on the New Task Description of the ICLA,\u201d Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature<\/em> 28 (1979): 26-30.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Chambers, 96-119.<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u6c5f\u5b87\u61c9\u3002\uff1c\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5be6\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u6a02\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u2500\u2500\u5967\u723e\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u8a2a\u554f\u9304\uff1e\u3002\u300a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u4e09\u5377\u4e09\u671f\uff081987\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u865f\uff09\uff0c3-11\u9801\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u95dc\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u66fe\u5f97\u81ea\u5361\u7dad\u6ce2\u5148\u751f\u3008\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3009\uff08\u300a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5377\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c1988\u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u865f\uff0c14-17\u9801\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u555f\u767c\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u8b39\u6b64\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Eugene Chen Eoyang, \u201cComparing Literature in the People\u2019s Republic of China,\u201d Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature<\/em> 30(1981): 64.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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