{"id":2034,"date":"1993-10-11T22:25:07","date_gmt":"1993-10-11T14:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2034"},"modified":"2021-07-03T16:47:20","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T08:47:20","slug":"%e8%88%87%e8%a7%a3%e6%a7%8b%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e5%b0%8d%e8%a9%b1%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%85%e9%80%96%e7%9a%84%e5%af%a6%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1993\/10\/%e8%88%87%e8%a7%a3%e6%a7%8b%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e5%b0%8d%e8%a9%b1%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%85%e9%80%96%e7%9a%84%e5%af%a6%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8207\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1a\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u30101990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6700\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u4ee5\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0dStanley Fish, Richard Rorty, Steven Michaels\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b78\u300b22.7 (1993): 29-44\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u7576\u82f1\u7f8e\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5728\u6b50\u9678\uff08\u6587\u5b78\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u4e0b\u65e5\u76ca\u50be\u5411\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u2027\u7f85\u9016\uff08Richard Rorty\uff09\u4e5f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5be6\u7528\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u70ba\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6263\u7dca\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u52d5\u7684\u632a\u7528\u4e26\u6846\u5b9a\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\uff08deconstruction\uff09\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u632a\u7528\u8207\u9650\u5b9a\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u70ba\u89e3\u69cb\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6240\u6a02\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u5531\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7f85\u9016\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u4f55\u7a2e\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7576\u82f1\u7f8e\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5728\u6b50\u9678\uff08\u6587\u5b78\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u4e0b\u65e5\u76ca\u50be\u5411\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5c3c\u91c7\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u3001\u7dad\u6839\u65af\u5766\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u958b\u8a00\u5fc5\u5c0a\u3001\u70ba\u6587\u5fc5\u5f15\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6642\uff1b\u7576\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a08\u5283\u5411\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u767c\u52d5\u5168\u9762\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4f86\u64f4\u6563\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u865b\u5e7b\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u6b0a\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u7b49\u7b49\u6311\u6230\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u6d41\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6642\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u56e0\u7586\u57df\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u3001\u6b0a\u5a01\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u7126\u616e\u751a\u800c\u7fa9\u61a4\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u71b1\u5217\u64c1\u62b1\u4e26\u5927\u8072\u5531\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\uff0e\u7f85\u9016\uff08Richard Rorty\uff09\u7522\u751f\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5947\u8207\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u5531\u548c\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u675c\u5a01\uff08John\u00a0 Dewey\uff09\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\uff08William James\uff09\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\uff08Pragmatism\uff09\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f86\u5c55\u793a\u9019\u4e00\u6ce2\u4ee5\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u9aa8\u5e79\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u63a5\u5408\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u8036\u9b6f\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d3e\u9580\u5f92\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u6b50\u9678\u7406\u8ad6\u539f\u88dd\u9032\u53e3\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u5167\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u5be6\u7528\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u70ba\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6263\u7dca\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u52d5\u7684\u632a\u7528\uff08appropriate\uff09\u4e26\u6846\u5b9a\uff08delimit\uff09\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u632a\u7528\u8207\u9650\u5b9a\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u70ba\u89e3\u69cb\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6240\u6a02\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u5531\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7f85\u9016\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u4f55\u555f\u767c\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u8ad6\u8ff0\u80fd\u5426\u8a73\u5be6\u5448\u73fe\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7a81\u767c\u5730\u8d95\u642d\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5feb\u8eca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u57281967\u5e74\u4ed6\u70ba\u6240\u7de8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u540d\u8457\u300a\u8f49\u5411\u8a9e\u8a00\u300b\uff08The Linguistic Turn<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u64b0\u5beb\u5e8f\u8a00\u6642\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u6210\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u6e05\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5047\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f01\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u660e\u78ba\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u9810\u8a2d\u3001\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u5225\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u589e\u5f37\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u771f\u7406\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u554f\u984c\u50cf\u79d1\u5b78\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u53ef\u88ab\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u72c2\u60f3\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u5931\u6557\uff08The Linguistic Turn <\/em>\u00a033\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee5\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u50cf\u79d1\u5b78\u4e00\u6a23\u81f4\u529b\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5951\u5408\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08reality\uff09\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08descriptions\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8ac7\u4e8b\u60c5\u300d\uff08how we talk\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u5efa\u8b70\u300d\uff08proposals\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9810\u8a2d\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u6216\u5951\u5408\u6027\u7684\u300c\u5efa\u8b70\u300d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u300d\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u54f2\u5b78\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u300c\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7528\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u822c\u4e8b\u7269\u300d\uff08The Linguistic Turn<\/em> 34\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u767c\u660e\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u3001\u5340\u5206\u3001\u6216\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u6355\u6349\u54f2\u5b78\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f85\u9016\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u5e8f\u6587\u4e2d\u9810\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8ad6\u8faf\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u50cf\u8a69\u300d\uff08The Linguistic Turn<\/em> 34\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u9019\u500b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u5728\u4ed61979\u5e74\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b\uff08Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u505a\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5982\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5982\u6d1b\u514b\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u55bb\uff08metaphor\uff09\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u93e1\u9762\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u7686\u662f\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u6b64\u93e1\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6620\u7167\u3002\u800c\u7f85\u9016\u537b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u96b1\u55bb\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e2d\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u601d\u8003\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300c\u93e1\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u5f0f\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\uff08the spectorial account of knowledge\uff09\u8996\u4e3b\u5ba2\u70ba\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5247\u662f\u5ba2\u9ad4\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u518d\u73fe\u5f62\u8c61\uff1b\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e8c\u5143\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff08\u6216\u66f0\u300c\u771f\u7406\u300d\uff09\u5fc5\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u8207\u5426\uff08correspond\uff09\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff08a general theory of representation\uff09\u800c\u5df2\uff08Philosophy <\/em>3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9806\u8457\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u63a5\u8457\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u5167\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u8981\u907f\u958b\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u300d\uff08representation\uff09\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8005Wilfrid Sellars\uff0cW. V. O. Quine\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caDonald Davidson\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08epistemological behaviorism\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e38\u88ab\u6feb\u7528\u7684\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff08Philosophy<\/em> 174\uff09\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u96e2\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u518d\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u300c\u8a3c\u7acb\u300d\uff08justification\uff09\u3002\u7528\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u6c92\u6cd5\u8df3\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00\u800c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u773c\u300d\uff08God’s-eye view\uff09\u7684\u64da\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u5224\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8a3c\u7acb\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6aa2\u9a57\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u5426\uff08accuracy of representation\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u986f\u793a\u67d0\u500b\u300c\u8aaa\u6cd5\u300d\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6263\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff08hang together\uff09[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u878d\u8cab\uff08coherence\uff09\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5224\u6e96\u3002\u518d\u5957\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u8b49\u7acb\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08\u6216\u8a9e\u8a00\uff09\u8207\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u89c0\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u8a71\uff08conversation\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\uff08social pracitice\uff09\u300d\uff08Philosophy<\/em> 170\uff09[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u70ba\u300c\u9676\u51b6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\uff08edifying philosophy\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u300c\u4f7f\u5c0d\u8a71\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u800c\u975e\u767c\u73fe\u771f\u7406\u300d\uff08Philosophy<\/em> 373\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u9ede\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u898f\u7bc4\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u5f9e\u675c\u5a01\u90a3\u88e1\u5b78\u6703\u4e86\u628a\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u8996\u70ba\u9f4a\u982d\u4e26\u9032\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5925\u4f34\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c64\u6b21\uff08cognitive status\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0f\u5229\u76ca\uff08interest\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff08Objectivity<\/em> 83\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ffd\u554f\u5176\u4e2d\u54ea\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6700\u5408\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u8a71\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u6216\u8a31\u76f8\u4fe1\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u66f4\u65b0\u65e2\u6709\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e0d\u65b7\u518d\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u4ecd\u7531\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7576\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c23\u5019\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u4e32\u9023\u5176\u5b83\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u5167\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u70ba\u5967\u63f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4ee5\u4e00\u540d\u6b50\u9678\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u6380\u8d77\u89e3\u69cb\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7adf\u7136\u548c\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u7570\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\u6642\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u7acb\u523b\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u8ad6\u6587\uff08\u898bConsequences<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u4f86\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5f0f\u7684\u65b0\u6f6e\u7406\u8ad6\u5176\u5be6\u65e9\u5c31\u88ab\u524d\u4eba\uff08\u5373\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5982\u675c\u5a01\u8207\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\uff09\u4ee5\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u60f3\u8981\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u661f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65e9\u5728\u6b50\u9678\u8840\u7d71\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u8981\u56de\u982d\u8b80\u8b80\u675c\u5a01\u6216\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5438\u7d0d\u6536\u7de8\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u6d3b\u529b\u6700\u5f37\u3001\u92d2\u982d\u6700\u5065\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u518d\u5ea6\u628a\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u642c\u4e0a\u6aaf\u9762\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u672a\u88ab\u672c\u571f\u5145\u4efd\u5229\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u4fbf\u662f\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65bc\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u57281985\u5e74\u4ecb\u5165\u300a\u6279\u8a55\u63a2\u7a76\u300b\uff08Critical Inquiry<\/em>\uff09\u5b63\u520a\u4e0a\u74b0\u7e5e\u8457\uff08\u6587\u5b78\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u800c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u5411\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4f38\u51fa\u53cb\u8abc\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5f7c\u6b64\u914d\u642d\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\u3002\u300d\uff08\u201dPhilosophy without Principles\u201d 135\uff09\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u60f3\u653e\u68c4\u300c\u67d0\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u5305\u62ec\u628a\u771f\u7406\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u61c9\uff08correspondences\uff09\u3001\u628a\u8a9e\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u5716\u756b\uff08pictures\uff09\u3001\u628a\u6587\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u6a21\u4eff\uff08imitation\uff09\u300d\uff08Consequences<\/em> 140\uff09\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9f13\u52f5\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8207\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5408\u529b\u300c\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u6a21\u7cca\u6587\u5b78\uff0f\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u622a\u7136\u5340\u5206\uff08distinction\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63a8\u5ee3\u7121\u7e2b\u9699\uff08seamless\uff09\u3001\u7121\u5340\u5206\uff08undifferentiated\uff09\u7684\u300e\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u672c\u300f\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u300d\uff08Essays<\/em> 86-87\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u76f8\u5408\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5728\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u54f2\u5b78\u860a\u6db5\u4e0d\u592a\u76f8\u5408\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5728\u89e3\u69cb\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6642\u50b3\u9054\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6025\u8feb\u611f\uff08urgency\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u540c\u610f\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u6240\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u6a19\u8a18\u8457\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u7121\u4f11\u7121\u6b62\uff08self-conscious interminability\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u958b\u653e\u6027\uff08openness\uff09\u3001\u53ca\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u54f2\u5b78\u5c01\u9589\u6027\uff08lack of philosophical closure\uff09\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u4e5f\u5f88\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u89ba\uff08self-consciousness\uff09\u6703\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u81a8\u8139\uff08self-importance\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u6642\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5728\u5632\u5f04\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u6bd4\u55bb\u6642\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u6025\u8feb\u8a9e\u6c23\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6025\u8feb\u611f\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u770b\u4f86\u65e2\u771f\u5be6\u53c8\u56b4\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u60f3\u63d0\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u65e2\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u6240\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u9435\u677f\u4e00\u584a\u300d\uff0c\u6046\u5e38\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u9738\u6b0a\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ef2\u900f\u4e26\u4e3b\u5bb0\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u9762\u5411\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4ee5\u6025\u8feb\u8a9e\u6c23\u4f86\u653b\u64ca\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u9016\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8a87\u5927\u6575\u624b\u4ee5\u4fbf\u986f\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5728\u89e3\u69cb\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u96d9\u95dc\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5632\u8af7\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u8a2d\u53ca\u4fee\u8fad\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u81ea\u5275\u65b0\u5b57\u65b0\u610f\uff08\u7f85\u9016\u8209\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662fdiff\u00e8rance\u53catrace\uff09\u4f86\u63ed\u9732\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u5247\u63d0\u9192\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u53ca\u5176\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u300c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u53ea\u8981\u88ab\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u81ea\u52d5\u5730\u6307\u6d89\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\uff1b\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u73a9\u300d\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u9003\u5f97\u904e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6216\u610f\u7fa9\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u9084\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u73a9\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u9769\u547d\u7684\u3001\u539f\u5275\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u300c\u73a9\u300d\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u985b\u8986\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u88e1\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff08Essays <\/em>98-104\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e2d\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u860a\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u7531\u65bc\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u6216\u4e86\u89e3\u771f\u7406\u300d\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u56e0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u800c\u6709\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f8c\u8a2d\u6279\u8a55\uff08meta-criticism\uff09\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u6aa2\u9a57\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8457\u624b\u8655\u7406\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u7acb\u523b\u70ba\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u66f4\u70ba\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7d44\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300e\u6587\u672c\u300f\u7d20\u6750\u800c\u5df2\u300d\uff08\u201dPhilosophy without Principles\u201d 136\uff09\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u66f8\u76ee\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u6025\u8feb\u5730\u5ba3\u544a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5df2\u5145\u65a5\u65bc\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u7acb\u523b\u63a8\u60f3\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u60f3\u8981\u300c\u64f4\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u696d\u3010\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u3011\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u300d\uff08Essays <\/em>87\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f37\u70c8\u5730\u523b\u756b\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u60e1\u884c\u60e1\u72c0\u3002\u5c31\u7f85\u9016\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u8abf\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6709\u591a\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u53ea\u6703\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5ef6\u7e8c\u800c\u975e\u89e3\u69cb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6a02\u898b\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5df2\u7d93\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u89e3\u958b\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5967\u79d8\u9b54\u9470\uff08Essays<\/em> 104\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u70ba\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5df2\u7d93\u300c\u8fa8\u8a8d\u300d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7684\u3001\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e4b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08Essays<\/em> 88n\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6697\u542b\u50b3\u7d71\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u80cc\u96e2\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u539f\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u3002[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f85\u9016\u5411\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u9032\u7684\u5fe0\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f85\u9016\u5728\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u9593\u6240\u7a4d\u6975\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u9ede\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u6709\u5e7e\u5206\u9053\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff08\u5982Jonathan Culler\u53ca Christopher Norris\uff09\u537b\u660e\u986f\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5011\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9818\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u60c5\uff0c\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u5171\u901a\u9ede\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u99c1\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u8f49\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u91dd\u5c0d\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u860a\u542b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\uff08cultural politics\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u9019\u500b\u505a\u6cd5\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67ef\u52d2\u5728\u300a\u89e3\u69cb\u300b\uff08On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism After Structuralism<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u627f\u8a8d\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u300a\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u93e1\u300b\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u3001\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u7b49\u7ae0\uff09\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5f88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u89e3\u69cb\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u518d\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8996\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5be6\u8e10\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u6210\u898f\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u67ef\u52d2\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u89e3\u69cb\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u67ef\u52d2\u8a8d\u70ba\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u592a\u904e\u5f37\u8abf\u7576\u4e0b\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u76ee\u7684\u8207\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u300c\u8a34\u6c42\u5171\u8b58\u8207\u6210\u898f\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7576\u4f5c\u4f9d\u6b78\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6392\u9664\u7570\u5df1\uff08exclusion\uff09\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u898f\u7bc4\uff08norm\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u89e3\u69cb\u6240\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u9810\u5148\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u7684\uff08\u67ef\u52d2\u5f88\u8b58\u6642\u52d9\u5730\u7528\u5973\u4eba\u53ca\u760b\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u3001\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u771f\u7406\u67b6\u6846\u5167\u672a\u80fd\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u300c\u771f\u7406\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u67ef\u52d2\u8a8d\u70ba\u89e3\u69cb\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u67ef\u52d2\u89ba\u5f97\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\uff08reflexive thinking\uff09\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u592a\u4f4e\u3002\u6700\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u900f\u904e\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u5224\u6216\u7406\u8ad6\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f86\u8df3\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u8cf4\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7db2\u8def\u300d[4]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u807d\u5728\u67ef\u52d2\u7684\u8033\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6697\u793a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u5167\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7a4d\u9032\u904b\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5be6\u8cea\u6548\u679c\u3002\u67ef\u52d2\u81ea\u5df1\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8df3\u4e0d\u51fa\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50cf\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u6216\u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u8fa8\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u6703\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u90a3\u7a2e\u6d29\u6c23\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u624d\u662f\u5b89\u65bc\u73fe\u6cc1\uff08complacency\uff09\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff08On Deconstruction <\/em>153-154\uff09\u3002\u8ad6\u8faf\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u9023\u7f85\u9016\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u67ef\u52d2\u60f3\u9ede\u51fa\u89e3\u69cb\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50be\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1b\u800c\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\u5247\u662f\u958b\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\uff08Essays<\/em> 120\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u67ef\u52d2\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6297\u62d2\u7f85\u9016\u5438\u6536\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u4f01\u5716\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5b78\u8853\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u82f1\u570b\u5b78\u754c\u56e0\u61c9\u67f4\u5951\u723e\u9738\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u800c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u8207\u95e1\u91cb\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u9817\u70ba\u81ea\u5728\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u7f85\u9016\u5beb\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f85\u9016\u8a6e\u91cb\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u7121\u5fae\u8a5e\u3002\u9019\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b78\u754c\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u5f15\u8d77\u8a31\u591a\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u3001\u6709\u4fe1\u8b7d\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u7acb\u4eba\u58eb\u300d\uff08\u975e\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5f92\u6216\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u6b7b\u6575\uff09\u4ee5\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u6216\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002\u800c\u7f85\u9016\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u9023\u8afe\u91cc\u65af1985\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u6279\u8a55\u7f85\u9016\u6642\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5148\u884c\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u50cf\u7f85\u9016\u9019\u6a23\u9858\u610f\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u8b80\u904e\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u7f55\u898b\uff08Contest<\/em> 8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u300c\u8cb4\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u537b\u611f\u89ba\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u67f4\u5951\u723e\u4fdd\u5b88\u653f\u6b0a\u5728\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u4e2d\u96d6\u7136\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u5229\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\u52a0\u5927\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u5730\u71df\u9020\u4e86\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u53cd\u5c0d\u52e2\u529b\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5f37\u5927\u5982\u5de5\u9ee8\uff09\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u52d5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u770b\u898b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e00\u4e00\u906d\u5230\u632b\u6298\u3002\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u5206\u8cbb\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c11\u773e\u5373\u4f7f\u8eab\u5c45\u660e\u986f\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8981\u652f\u6301\u67f4\u5951\u723e\u653f\u5e9c\uff1f<\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u300c\u5171\u8b58\u300d\uff08consensus\uff09\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u56e0\u61c9\u9019\u500b\u8cbb\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u52e2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u9738\u6b0a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u6216\u6b3a\u9a19\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u4f86\u51dd\u805a\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u9019\u4e9b\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u978f\u56fa\u7d71\u6cbb\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u52e2\u529b\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u62c6\u89e3\u7dad\u6301\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5e38\u8b58\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b [5]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u89ba\u5f97\u7f85\u9016\u8a34\u6c42\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u523a\u8033\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u89e3\u69cb\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u5217\u800c\u55aa\u5931\u5176\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u3001\u985b\u8986\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u5167\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u570d\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u65e5\u6f38\u51dd\u91cd\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u8feb\u5207\u5c0b\u6c42\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6297\u722d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6575\u6211\u5206\u660e\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u5c40\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u5927\u696d\u7121\u5229\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u670d\u52d9\u9738\u6b0a\u3002\u800c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u4e00\u9818\u98a8\u9a37\u7684\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u65b9\u5f0f\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u90fd\u5316\u7d04\u70ba\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u3001\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u6311\u6230\u7576\u4e0b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u610f\u898b\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6279\u5224\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u56b4\u53b2\u6279\u5224\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u904a\u6232\u7684\u865b\u7121\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\u88ab\u5632\u8af7\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a19\uff08Deconstruction and the Interests<\/em> 9\uff09\u3002\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u865b\u7121\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u662f\u548c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u50be\u5411\u5728\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5283\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u5149\u8b5c\u4e0a\u88ab\u9023\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u6240\u5beb\u95e1\u8ff0\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u6587 \u201dPhilosophy as a Kind of Writing\u201d \u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u610f\u628a\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u865b\u7121\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4ee5\u201d Philosophy as NOT a \u2018Kind of Writing\u2019: Derrida and the Claims of Reason\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u4f86\u6279\u8a55\u7f85\u9016\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f85\u9016\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u51fa\u767c\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u6279\u5224\u3002[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u53c8\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u89e3\u69cb\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u89e3\u69cb\u4e0d\u81f4\u843d\u5165\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u865b\u7121\u60e1\u540d\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u53ea\u597d\u5c0d\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u52d5\u6b63\u9762\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u628a\u7f85\u9016\u6b78\u7d0d\u5230\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e00\u4f75\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u6279\u5224\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5c0d\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5c0d\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u62b1\u6301\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u907f\u958b\u90a3\u4e9b\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4ecb\u5165\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u88ab\u4ed6\u9ede\u540d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u674e\u6b50\u5854\uff08Jean-Francois Lyotard\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u5e95\u4e9e\uff08Jean Baudrillard\uff09\u3001\u53ca\u7f85\u9016\uff08What\u2019s Wrong<\/em> 44\uff09\u3002\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f85\u9016\u72af\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u628a\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff09\u8996\u70ba\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4fee\u8fad\u6216\u6558\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u6587\u985e\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6982\u5ff5\u7576\u6210\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u9023\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u8b8a\u6210\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u518d\u73fe\u800c\u5df2\uff08What\u2019s Wrong<\/em> 44\uff09\u3002\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ee5\u6280\u8853\u5b98\u50da\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u9ad4\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u5df2\u7d93\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u8003\u53ca\u7d93\u9a57\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u552f\u6709\u900f\u904e\u555f\u8499\u5f0f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c16\u92b3\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u53ca\u626d\u66f2\u5f8c\u679c\uff08Derrida<\/em> 157\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u555f\u8499\u5f0f\u7406\u6027\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u5e38\u8b58\u3001\u5171\u8b58\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8499\u853d\u6548\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\uff08\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff09\u7f85\u9016\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u771f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u7279\u6b0a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u771f\u7406\u5931\u52e2\u3002\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5c31\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u898f\u907f\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u300d\uff08real-world\uff09\u662f\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5728\u8fd1\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0c\u6bcf\u7576\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u5920\u7a4d\u6975\u3001\u4e0d\u5920\u5207\u5be6\u3001\u4e0d\u5920\u6fc0\u9032\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4f86\u7a81\u986f\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u6bd4\u662f\u6709\u6839\u64da\u7684\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u504f\u597d\u5f15\u7528\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u8fd1\u671f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5728\u300a\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u300b\uff08Margins of Philosophy<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5c0d\u628a\u54f2\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6982\u5ff5\u7576\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5c0d\u628a\u5bb0\u5236\u54f2\u5b78\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u771f\u7406\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7576\u4f5c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u3002\uff08\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5728\u6b64\u9078\u64c7\u7a81\u986f\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u7684\u662f\u7f85\u9016\uff09\u3002\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b62\u65bc\u985b\u5012\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e45\u9060\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ffd\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u5340\u5206\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7dad\u6301\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\uff08What\u2019s Wrong<\/em> 154\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8ffd\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u518d\u5ea6\u5f15\u7528\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u5728Limited Inc.<\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u8faf\u4e4b\u8a5e\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5728\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5f9e\u672a\u6311\u6230\u6216\u6bc0\u6ec5\u771f\u7406\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u7e3d\u662f\u628a\u771f\u7406\u91cd\u65b0\u9298\u523b\uff08reinscribe\uff09\u65bc\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u3001\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u300d\uff08What\u2019s Wrong <\/em>45\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u986f\u793a\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u6d88\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c0\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u82e5\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u6dea\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u8fad\u628a\u6232\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\uff08\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u4e0d\u5fd8\u5f15\u7528\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\uff09\u300c\u8a34\u8af8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u5224\u6e96\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a34\u8af8\u8aa0\u610f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u3001\u56b4\u8b39\u3001\u6279\u8a55\u3001\u53ca\u6559\u5b78\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u300d\uff08What\u2019s Wrong <\/em>45\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u4e0b\u597d\u58de\u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u62ec\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5176\u5be6\u548c\u7f85\u9016\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u2500\u2500\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u53cd\u5c0d\u518d\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08foundationalism\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6297\u62d2\uff08\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\uff09\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5438\u7d0d\uff08\u81ea\u547d\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\uff09\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u5167\u5df2\u7d93\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u6c5f\u5c71\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e86\u633d\u6551\u4e26\u978f\u56fa\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e0b\u65e5\u898b\u8017\u640d\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u67ef\u52d2\u548c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5728\u523b\u5283\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u860a\u6db5\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u5316\u5176\u5de6\u6d3e\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5085\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault\uff09\u5f0f\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u5728\u8fd1\u4f5c\u7684\u7dd2\u8ad6\u4e2d\u91cd\u8b80\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u9727\u6708\u5341\u516b\u300b\uff08Eighteenth Brumaire<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8b9a\u8a31\u6b64\u66f8\u70ba\u300c\u89e3\u69cb\u5f0f\u6558\u8ff0\u4e4b\u539f\u578b\u300d\uff08a prototype of deconstructive narrative\uff09\uff08What’s Wrong<\/em> 38\uff09\uff0c\u8aaa\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5177\u9ad4\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u9084\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u9727\u6708\u5341\u516b\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u555f\u8499\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u6279\u5224\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u610f\u5716\u6fc0\u5316\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u5167\u5c55\u73fe\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\uff08politically correct\uff09\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u5728\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u773c\u4e2d\u5c31\u592a\u904e\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u5167\u5411\u5de6\u9760\u650f\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e26\u4e0d\u70ba\u7f85\u9016\u6240\u6a02\u898b\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u5708\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u5927\u91cf\u5de6\u6d3e\u601d\u6f6e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u5167\uff09\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u6709\u6642\u4ed6\u6703\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5de6\u6d3e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u7f8e\uff0c\u53cd\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u5fc3\u6e34\u671b\u4f86\u6b21\u9769\u547d\uff08\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u908a\u7de3\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u5f97\u6539\u5584\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u80cc\u4fe1\u90fd\u6975\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6eff\uff08Objectivity<\/em> 16\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u523b\u8584\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5de6\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u71b1\u5207\u6050\u6015\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u89ba\u8207\u5927\u773e\u758f\u96e2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f34\u96a8\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\uff08Essays<\/em> 136\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u7f85\u9016\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u6279\u8a55\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u69cb\u5728\u5167\uff09\u6700\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u60b2\u89c0\u4fbf\u662f\u9769\u547d\u5f0f\u7684\u61a4\u6012\u300d\uff08Essays<\/em> 24\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7576\u524d\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u8ac7\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u65b7\u81ea\u6211\u7cfe\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8ac7\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u73fe\u5b8c\u5168\u642d\u4e0d\u4e0a\u908a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7e3d\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u69cb\u67d0\u500b\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5340\u5206\u3001\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u70cf\u6265\u90a6\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u5217\u8209\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\uff08Objectivity<\/em> 16\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u7f85\u9016\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u9019\u4e9b\u624d\u662f\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u6216\u53bb\u6389\u4e00\u500b\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u601d\u8003\u67b6\u69cb\u2500\u2500\u5982\u300c\u7406\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6\u300d\uff08logocentrism\uff09\u2500\u2500\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u4f54\u64da\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u820a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u800c\u5df2\uff08Essays<\/em> 121\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u4e3b\u5f35\u6211\u5011\u5275\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u70cf\u6265\u90a6\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u820a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u88ab\u6de1\u5fd8\u6216\u62cb\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u7a31\u547c\u81ea\u5df1\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7b56\u7565\u70ba\u300c\u96f6\u552e\u5f0f\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u76ca\u300d\uff08retail political utility\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c31\u4e8b\u8ad6\u4e8b\u3001\u81e8\u6642\u7684\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u5f8c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d3e\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u61c9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u300c\u6279\u767c\u5f0f\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u76ca\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\uff08Essays<\/em> 25\uff09\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u9084\u5728\u63a8\u5d07\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8faf\u4f5c\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u54f2\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u770b\u7a7f\u8868\u76f8\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u771f\u5be6\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u63a1\u53d6\u5207\u5be6\u6b65\u9a5f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u770b\u6e05\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u800c\u675c\u5a01\u6d3e\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u96f6\u788e\u7684\uff08piecemeal\uff09\u610f\u898b\u3001\u8b66\u8a9e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7b49\uff08Essays<\/em> 24\uff0d25\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u5148\u505a\u53cd\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6709\u7528\u6216\u8005\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6216\u7406\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u7d42\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9769\u3002\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u58d3\u8feb\u5df2\u7d93\u60e1\u52a3\u800c\u4e14\u516c\u958b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u4f86\u6307\u8def\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u770b\u898b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff08Essays<\/em> 135\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5207\u5be6\u7684\u52d5\u624b\u6539\u9769\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8afe\u7406\u65af\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6279\u8a55\u300d\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7f85\u9016\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6279\u8a55\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6297\u722d\u4e2d\u5076\u723e\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6230\u7565\u6b66\u5668\u300d\uff08Essays<\/em> 135\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u8207\u4e16\u9694\u7d55\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u624d\u6703\u90a3\u9ebc\u62ac\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u89ba\u5f97\u9084\u662f\u60f3\u8ac7\u6709\u95dc\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u65bc\u662f\u4ee5\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5efa\u8b70\u4ed6\u5011\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\uff1b\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6c89\u601d\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u300d\uff08Consequences<\/em> 162\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u5c0d\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u97ad\u7b56\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u81ea\u65bc\u675c\u5a01\u5f0f\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u5834\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u8f38\u8d0f\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8ab0\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u6bd4\u8f03\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u4e5f\u975e\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff1b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5012\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u6536\u7de8\u89e3\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u58ef\u5927\u6240\u7528\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u860a\u542b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u70ba\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u9016\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f86\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u628a\u8108\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f86\u52a0\u5165\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\uff08conversation of mankind\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u9f4a\u5546\u8a0e\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u8655\u7406\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u57df\u80fd\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u5225\u4eba\u300c\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u300d\u3001\u300c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u300d\u3001\u6216\u300c\u66f4\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u2500\u2500\u5bb9\u6211\u8b6f\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u884c\u8a9e\u2500\u2500\u300c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u300d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff08all-purpose intellectuals\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u622a\u7136\u5340\u5206\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u5176\u8208\u8da3\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5404\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u767c\u8a00 [7]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u767c\u8a00\u4f86\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e8b\u7269\u300c\u6263\u642d\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u300d\uff08Consequences<\/em> xxxix\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u904e\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u591a\u65b9\u4ecb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u8a31\u591a\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6027\uff08the literariness of language\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6587\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u8cbc\u5207\u771f\u5be6\uff08reality\uff09\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u53cd\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b63\u597d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u7d71\u65bc\u4e00\u5c0a\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u6bd2\u5291\u3002\u4ed6\u518d\u4e09\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u65b0\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5bf6\u5ea7\u7d66\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53d6\u4ee3\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u6587\u5b78\u63a8\u4e0a\u5bf6\u5ea7\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u65b9\u767c\u5c55\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u8207\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u624d\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5be7\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8056\u58c7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u756b\u5eca\u3001\u66f8\u5c55\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u6703\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u6280\u8853\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7b49\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5316\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b78\u79d1\u6216\u5be6\u8e10\u300d\uff08Essays<\/em> 132\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u860a\u542b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\uff08tolerance\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5305\u5bb9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3001\u7368\u7279\u602a\u7570\u7684\u3001\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u300c\u4e0d\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f54\u7528\u5f31\u52e2\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u300d\uff08Contingency<\/em> xiv\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5305\u5bb9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u654f\u611f\uff08sensitivity\uff09\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u552f\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u3001\u548c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u5c48\u8fb1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u300c\u751f\u547d\u5171\u540c\u300d\uff08solidarity\uff09\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\uff08Contingency<\/em> xvi\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u52d5\u4ecb\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u7f85\u9016\u6240\u671f\u671b\u65bc\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u65e6\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u8003\u9694\u7d55\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u79d1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u6a5f\u3002\u300d\uff08Essays <\/em>139\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u5012\u662f\u548c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5de6\u6d3e\u7ad9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u908a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u555f\u793a\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u6216\u660e\u6216\u6697\u7684\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u662f\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u54ea\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u6709\u66f8\u76ee\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u8208\u8da3\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5225\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5404\u4f9d\u6240\u9577\u63d0\u51fa\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u807d\u807d\u5225\u4eba\u8aaa\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u95e1\u91cb\u5b78\uff08hermeneutics\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u614b\u5ea6\u4f86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6e9d\u901a\u8ac7\u8a71\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u56e0\u800c\u5f37\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u80fd\u5920\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u7d04\uff08commensurable\uff09\u6216\u8005\u9054\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff08Philosophy <\/em>316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b78\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u5167\u8a2d\u7acb\u67d0\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u3001\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u69cb\u53ca\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f03\u5fe0\u65bc\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u300c\u672c\u8cea\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u6b64\u628a\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7d71\u7c4c\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7684\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u5404\u65b9\u4eba\u99ac\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7528\u300c\u95e1\u91cb\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\uff08hermeneutic activity\uff09\u4f86\u548c\u4ed6\u65b9\u5c0d\u8a71\u53ca\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u300c\u8a69\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\uff08poetic activity\uff09\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u5f59\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5df2\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08Philosophy<\/em> 360\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5145\u5206\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7684\u300c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u300d\uff08unpolitical scholarship\uff09\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u5b78\u8853\u4e0d\u8981\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u639b\u52fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6821\u5712\u5167\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u641e\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u6216\u53cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u5e72\u9810\u6216\u6291\u5236\uff08Essays <\/em>139\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u4e86\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\uff08conversation\uff09\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96d6\u7136\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u53ca\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u537b\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u6709\u589e\u7121\u6e1b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5df2\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u4e86\u908a\u9672\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u5c08\u696d\u9451\u5b9a\u70ba\u5224\u6e96\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u968e\u5c64\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u7af6\u722d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u6607\u5c08\u696d\u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8108\u7565\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u7af6\u722d\u3001\u9b25\u722d\u3001\u8faf\u8ad6\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u592a\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b78\u9662\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u65b0\u6f6e\u4e4b\u722d\u7d93\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u66f8\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u77e5\u8b58\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5f0f\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u53d6\u7d93\u6b78\u4f86\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u570b\u6700\u5c16\u7aef\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u524d\u5e7e\u4ee3\u6b78\u4f86\u7684\u6216\u672c\u571f\u751f\u7522\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7531\u65bc\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\u7684\u5927\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u6d88\u5f2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5805\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u7406\u60f3\u9084\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6700\u597d\u88dc\u6551\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u66f8\u76ee\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u50b3\u7d71\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u6dfb\u62bd\u63db\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u53ef\u4ee5\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u800c\u6beb\u7121\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u66f8\u76ee\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u9084\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u66f8\u76ee\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u6b0a\u529b\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u7af6\u722d\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u6b0a\u529b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u96d9\u65b9\u6b0a\u529b\u59a5\u5354\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f85\u9016\u81ea\u627f\u4ed6\u6240\u523b\u756b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u500b\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u300d\uff08liberal utopia\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5716\u756b\u4e2d\u5c11\u4e86\u5e7e\u7b46\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff1a\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\uff1f\u5404\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u7121\u518d\u751f\u7522\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff1f\u5305\u5bb9\u8207\u654f\u611f\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u6b67\u7570\u53ca\u9023\u5e36\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6383\u5230\u5730\u6bef\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1f\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u83c1\u82f1\u50be\u5411\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u67b6\u69cb\u53ca\u5176\u6b0a\u529b\u904b\u4f5c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u5011\u671f\u5f85\u7f85\u9016\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u300c\u5be6\u8e10\u53ca\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u300d\u4f86\u548c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8ac7\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u7f85\u9016\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u501f\u7528\u7684\u662fSellars\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff08The Linguistic Turn<\/em> 34\uff09\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u7f85\u9016\u76f8\u4fe1\u54f2\u5b78\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4fbf\u662f\u986f\u793a\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u6263\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54f2\u5b78\u624d\u4e0d\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u8ac7\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6263\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u7f8e\u570b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5e38\u548c\u7f85\u9016\u4e26\u63d0\u7684\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8cbb\u8a31\uff08Stanley Fish\uff09\u85c9\u7531\u8a00\u8ad6\u884c\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\uff08speech act theory\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dad\u6839\u65af\u5766\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u89c0\uff0c\u4e5f\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u771f\u7406\u8996\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u8996\u771f\u7406\u70ba\u793e\u7fa4\uff08community\uff09\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u8a73\u898b\u62d9\u4f5c\uff1c\u7531\u8b80\u8005\u53cd\u61c9\u7406\u8ad6\u5230\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u53f2\u4e39\u5229\uff0e\u8cbb\u8a31\u7684\u65b0\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1e\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b78\u300b18.12 (1990): 86\u00ad-109\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u7f85\u9016\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8996\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u8207\u5176\u7f8e\u570b\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u6700\u53ef\u8cb4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u4e2d\u73a9\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u907a\u9918\u529b\u7684\u9003\u9038\u4efb\u4f55\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u537b\u662f\u628a\u89e3\u69cb\u7576\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u5957\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u89e3\u69cb\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u903c\u51fa\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7d42\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u69cb\u4e4b\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u53ca\u5176\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u6a02\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u53e3\u543b\u65a5\u8cac\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u628a\u89e3\u69cb\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff08Deconstruction and the Interests<\/em> 12-13\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f85\u9016\u548c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u5012\u662f\u610f\u898b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7db2\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u7f85\u9016\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08ethnocentrism\uff09\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u7f85\u9016\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u51fa\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u773c\u754c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53c8\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u5c0d\uff1f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c6c\u65bc\u500b\u5225\u793e\u6703\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u773c\u754c\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8a2d\u6cd5\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff1f\u7f85\u9016\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u7576\u6210\u524d\u8005\u4f86\u6279\u5224\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u00a0\u65b0\u845b\u862d\u897f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08Neo\uff0dGramscians\uff09\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff08cultural studies\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u548c\u7f85\u9016\u7684\u722d\u57f7\u9ede\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4fdd\u7f85\uff0e\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Paul de Man\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u5fb7\u66fc\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6975\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7248\u66f4\u52a0\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u706b\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8afe\u91cc\u65af\u63a8\u5d07\u5fb7\u66fc\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u300c\u73a9\u300d\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u89e3\u69cb\u66f4\u8cbc\u5207\u73fe\u5be6\uff08Contest<\/em> 8-12\uff09\uff1b\u7f85\u9016\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fb7\u66fc\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u628a\u89e3\u69cb\u5c0e\u5165\u9ad8\u8209\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6b7b\u5df7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5f71\u97ff\u8a31\u591a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u9ad4\u5236\u3001\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u7d55\u671b\uff08Essays<\/em> 129-139\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u5012\u65e9\u5df2\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u7a7a\u9593\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7ba1\u9053\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u5c08\u696d\u5206\u91ce\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u767c\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Culler, Jonathan. \u00a0On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism After Stucturalism<\/em>. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1982.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norris, Christopher.\u00a0 The Contest of Faculties: Philosophy and Theory after Deconstruction<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Methuen, 1985.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Deconstruction: Theory and Practice<\/em>. \u00a0London: Methuen, 1982.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Deconstruction and the Interests of Theory<\/em>.\u00a0 Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 The Deconstruction Turn: Essays in the Rhetoric of Philosophy<\/em>. \u00a0London: Methuen, 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Derrida<\/em>. \u00a0Fontana Modern Master. \u00a0London: Fontana P, 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 What’s Wrong with Postmodernism: Critical Theory and the Ends of Philosophy<\/em>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rorty, Richard. \u00a0Consequences of Pragmatis<\/span>m: Essays 1972-1980<\/em>.\u00a0 Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1982.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity<\/em>. \u00a0Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Essays on Heidegger and Others<\/em>.\u00a0 Philosophical Papers Vo1. 2.\u00a0 Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth<\/em>.\u00a0 Philosophical Papers Vo1. 1. \u00a0Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature<\/em>. \u00a0Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 “Philosophy Without Principles,” Against Theory: Literary Studies and the New Pragmatism<\/em>. \u00a0Ed. W. J. T. Mitchell.\u00a0 Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1985.\u00a0 132-38.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 “Postmodern Bourgeois Literalism.” \u00a0Hermeneutics and Praxis<\/em>.\u00a0 Ed. Robert Hollinger. \u00a0Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 1985. \u00a0214-221.<\/span><\/p>\n

—.\u00a0 “The Professor and the Prophet,” Transition<\/em> 52 (1991): 70-78.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rorty, Richard, ed. \u00a0The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method<\/em>. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1967.<\/span><\/p>\n

West, Cornel. \u00a0The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism<\/em>. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u30101990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6700\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u8def\uff0c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[276],"class_list":["post-2034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25","tag-276"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2034"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6547,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions\/6547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}