{"id":2053,"date":"1993-01-02T23:04:52","date_gmt":"1993-01-02T15:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2053"},"modified":"2021-07-03T19:56:23","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T11:56:23","slug":"%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%ba%a5%e7%95%b6%e5%8b%9e%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%b7%a8%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8b%99%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%82%8f%e8%bc%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1993\/01\/%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%ba%a5%e7%95%b6%e5%8b%9e%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%b7%a8%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8b%99%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%82%8f%e8%bc%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\uff1a\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u3010\u672c\u6587\u539f\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc1993\u5e74\u5143\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u8209\u8fa6\u7684International Conference on Cultural Criticism\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u984c\u70ba \u201cThe Cultural Logic of Political Economy: The Case of McDonaldization in Taiwan\u201d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6539\u5beb\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u7b2c16\u671f\uff0c1994\u5e746\u6708\uff0c1-20\u9801\u3002\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u6536\u5165\u300a\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\ufe30\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u6e05\u50d1\u7de8\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\ufe30\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c141-160\u9801\u30022012\u5e74\u6536\u5165<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u738b\u66c9\u660e\u7de8\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u300a\u4e2d\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\ufe30\u4e0a\u6d77\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c2012\u5e74\uff0c1-22\uff0c\u66fe\u518d\u5ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u8a02\u88dc\u5145\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684pdf\u6a94\u9644\u5728\u4e0b\u65b9\u4ee5\u4f9b\u95b1\u8b80\u5f15\u7528\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u70ba\u6848\u4f8b\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u8de8\u570b\u9023\u9396\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5f15\u9032\u53ca\u7d93\u71df\u6642\u6240\u51f8\u986f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u578b\u614b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u74b0\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8de8\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u5728\u9032\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u81ea\u8eab\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u9020\u5d01\u5165\u5728\u5730\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6703\u88ab\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u904b\u7528\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8de8\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u91cd\u5851\u672c\u5730\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u8207\u672c\u5730\u539f\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u4f48\u5c40\u76f8\u7570\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6d88\u8cbb\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u96d6\u4ee5\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3001\u6548\u7387\u5316\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u7def\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f38\u6b21\u524a\u5f31\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9577\u5e7c\u502b\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u8da8\u5411\u7406\u6027\u5316\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u3001\u975e\u79c1\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u66f4\u5408\u4e4e\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5c0d\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u7684\u5206\u6790\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u6d41\u52d5\uff08capital flow\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7269\u8cea\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e5f\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u64f4\u5f35\u6642\u8cf4\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u7d50\u5c3e\u8ac7\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u4f4d\u76ae\u723e\u5148\u751f\u9810\u5099\u5230\u6fb3\u6d32\u897f\u90e8\u53bb\u767c\u5c55\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u5728\u7c4c\u756b\u4e4b\u6642\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u9060\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u904b\u53bb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\uff0c\u9084\u904b\u9001\u4e86\u4e09\u5343\u540d\u52de\u5de5\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u53ca\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u70ba\u7522\u696d\u79fb\u690d\u505a\u4e86\u842c\u5168\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u540c\u6642\u8f38\u51fa\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7559\u5728\u96c7\u4f63\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u76ae\u723e\u5148\u751f\u9023\u500b\u96a8\u8eab\u7684\u4f63\u4eba\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff08Marx, 1977: 932-33\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u76ae\u723e\u5148\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u300d\uff08Tucker, 1978: 208\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u540c\u6642\u9084\u4f5c\u70ba\u525d\u524a\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u300d\uff08Marx, 1977: 933\uff09\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u6216\u958b\u59cb\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7522\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u8457\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u64c1\u6709\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d93\u6fdf\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u72c0\u6cc1\u2500\u2500\u5982\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6211\u60f3\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u578b\u614b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u74b0\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff1b\u82e5\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7167\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u76ae\u723e\u5148\u751f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u7269\u70ba\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff08Marx, 1977: 932\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u500b\u5225\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u662f\u500b\u300c\u5728\u5730\u7684\u300d\uff08local\uff09\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u5728\u5730\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u66f4\u53d7\u5230\u5728\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff1b\u8cc7\u672c\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5728\u5176\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u548c\u7576\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u7def\u505a\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8cc7\u672c\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u6263\u9023\u63a5\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u6bcd\u570b\u5167\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u900f\u660e\u800c\u4e0d\u6613\u5bdf\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u672c\u88ab\u79fb\u690d\u51fa\u539f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7586\u754c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u5408\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fbf\u6709\u8de1\u53ef\u5bdf\u4e86\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u5176\u6d41\u52d5\u3001\u8f49\u79fb\u3001\u8f38\u51fa\u5165\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u64f4\u5f35\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u500b\u5225\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u5730\u7684\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u5728\u6b64\u65b0\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u7279\u5225\u5c0d\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u7279\u8272\u3001\u9867\u5ba2\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u54e1\u5de5\u610f\u9858\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u9032\u53e3\u4e8b\u696d\u70ba\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u7576\u5730\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u800c\u505a\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u65b0\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6d88\u8cbb\u5834\u6240\u5167\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u751f\u7522\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u8cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u5efa\u69cb\uff08construct\uff09\u6216\u4e32\u8b30\uff08articulate\uff09\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u547c\u53ec\uff0f\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u6279\u9069\u5408\u4e26\u914d\u5408\u9019\u500b\u9032\u53e3\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08local subjects\uff09\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u9032\u53e3\u4e8b\u696d\u6240\u860a\u542b\u7684\u5916\u4f86\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u5920\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u4ee5\u71df\u9020\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u8cc7\u672c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u5728\u5730\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u8de8\u570b\u79fb\u690d\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff1a\u9032\u53e3\u7684\u3001\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u3001\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u5fc5\u7136\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6b96\u6c11\uff08cultural colonialization\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u6b96\u6c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u55ae\u5411\u7684\u5f37\u52a0\uff08imposition\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u548c\u5728\u5730\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u9806\u66a2\u7d50\u5408\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6b63\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8de8\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u52e2\u5916\u4f86\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u9032\u5165\u5728\u5730\u8108\u7d61\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u548c\u5728\u5730\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u8907\u96dc\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u7dca\u5f35\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u6539\u8b8a\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u878d\u5165\u6216\u63a5\u5408\u5728\u5730\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u88ab\u6574\u7de8\u9032\u5165\u8de8\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4f86\u62b5\u6297\u6216\u65a1\u65cb\u58d3\u5728\u5979\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8cc7\u672c\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\uff09\u529b\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u901f\u98df\u9023\u9396\u5e97\u79fb\u690d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u79fb\u690d\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6642\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u91dd\u5c0d\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u7d93\u71df\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2\u6216\u5275\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u5168\u7403\u64f4\u6563\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u58a8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u9019\u500b\u5916\u4f86\u4e8b\u696d\u5c0d\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6263\u9023\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u672c\u5730\u6d88\u8cbb\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u502b\u7406\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u502b\u7406\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u4f86\u898f\u8a13\uff08discipline\uff09\u672c\u5730\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u53ca\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u53f0\u7063\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u5c07\u986f\u793a\u672c\u5730\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0f\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u9577\u5e7c\u968e\u5e8f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u52a3\u52e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9019\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\uff08McDonaldization\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6George Ritzer\u57281993\u5e74\u672c\u6587\u767c\u8868\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u6982\u5ff5<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002Ritzer\u6cbf\u7528\u97cb\u4f2f\uff08Max Weber\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u6027\u5316\u50be\u5411\uff08rationalization\uff09\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6548\u7387\u3001\u8a08\u91cf\u3001\u54c1\u8cea\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7a0b\uff09\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7406\u6027\u5316\u50be\u5411\u4e2d\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7522\u696d\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaaRitzer\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5340\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7522\u696d\u88e1\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u9996\u8981\u7d44\u7e54\u64cd\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5230\u4e86\u54ea\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6a6b\u6383\u5343\u8ecd\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5728\u5730\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u7522\u908f\u8f2f\uff1b\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u7684\u5206\u6790\u9032\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u8de8\u570b\u901f\u98df\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u5728\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u6d41\u52d5\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u59a5\u5354\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u5411\u7121\u6575\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8de8\u8d8a\u7586\u754c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u5728\u5730\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u5c55\u73fe\u8cc7\u672c\u6d41\u52d5\uff08capital flow\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7269\u8cea\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cc7\u672c\u64f4\u5f35\u6642\u8cf4\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u60f3\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff08economic process\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\uff09\u6587\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff08cultural process\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\uff09\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff08ideological process\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u524d\u534a\u6bb5\u6a19\u8a8c\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u985e\u4e8b\u696d\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u53f0\u7063\u3002\u6b63\u7576\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8e5f\u5fd9\u65bc\u5c0b\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u5176\u6025\u901f\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8207\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5fd9\u788c\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u70ba\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u969b\u5206\u5de5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8b00\u6c42\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u8de8\u570b\u9023\u9396\u901f\u98df\u696d\u7684\u5230\u4f86\u4e0d\u4f46\u5177\u9ad4\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6df1\u5316\u4e26\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u904b\u4f5c<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u5e02\u5834\u6f5b\u529b\u8207\u65e5\u6f38\u90fd\u6703\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7bc0\u594f\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u901f\u98df\u9023\u9396\u8207\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\uff08\u5bec\u9054\u98df\u54c1\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc1984\u5e74\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u6c11\u751f\u6771\u8def\u958b\u8a2d\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5927\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u5341\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5b89\u6392\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u5176\u6548\u7387\u7d93\u71df\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u5df2\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u50b3\u7d71\u5feb\u9910\u696d\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u53ca\u670d\u52d9\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u6587\u570b\u5316\u7684\u3001\u7570\u570b\u53e3\u5473\u7684\u901f\u98df\u696d\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u5f62\u8c61\u5448\u73fe\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u8abf\u9069\u4e92\u52d5\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6210\u529f\u9032\u4f54\u5e02\u5834\u5462\uff1f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u79fb\u690d\u53f0\u7063\u6642\u5728\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u793e\u6703\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u4f55\u7a2e\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u6bcd\u570b\u2500\u2500\u7f8e\u570b\u2500\u2500\u662f\u56e0\u5ec9\u50f9\u7684\u300c\u901f\u98df\u300d\u800c\u805e\u540d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300c\u901f\u300d\u98df\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u84ec\u52c3\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5916\u79fb\u5e02\u90ca\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u5340\u6d88\u8cbb\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u66f4\u900f\u904e\u7121\u9910\u5177\u3001\u7121\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7121\u5c0f\u8cbb\u7b49\u7b49\u65b0\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u901f\u98df\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u3002\u300c\u901f\u300d\u98df\u4e0d\u4f46\u6307\u9673\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u904e\u7a0b\u4e00\u8cab\u4f5c\u696d\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u51fa\u9910\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5ba3\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u662f\u7c21\u4fbf\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u9867\u5ba2\u5728\u77ed\u4fc3\u7684\u5348\u98ef\u6642\u9593\u5167\u3001\u6216\u9577\u9014\u958b\u8eca\u7684\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\u3001\u6216\u4e0d\u9858\u76db\u88dd\u5230\u6b63\u5f0f\u9910\u5ef3\u5916\u98df\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5230\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5403\u901f\u98df\u6216\u8005\u5e36\u5916\u8ce3\u98df\u7269\u56de\u5bb6\u5403\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9867\u5ba2\u591a\u534a\u662f\u5403\u4e86\u3001\u8cb7\u4e86\u4fbf\u901f\u901f\u96e2\u958b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u5e97\u4e2d\u4e45\u7559\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u901f\u300d\u98df\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u6216\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7a0d\u4f5c\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ea7\u843d\u65bc\u5927\u578b\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5167\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u5229\u4e4b\u4fbf\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u8d95\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8cfc\u7269\u8005\u6b47\u8173\u4f11\u606f\u88dc\u5145\u98f2\u98df\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4e5f\u6f38\u6b21\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u642d\u8a15\u7d04\u6703\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u662f\u6b47\u606f\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\uff0c\u6b21\u8981\u624d\u662f\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u70ba\u64f4\u5927\u5546\u6a5f\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a7a\u9593\u8f03\u5bec\u88d5\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e5f\u6703\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u66ff\u904e\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u5e7c\u5152\u958b\u500b\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u6d3e\u5c0d\u537b\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u52d5\u624b\u6e96\u5099\u98df\u7269\u6216\u6536\u62fe\u5584\u5f8c\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e97\u5167\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5834\u5408\u548c\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5c31\u66ab\u6642\u892a\u53bb\u300c\u901f\u300d\u98df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u6234\u4e0a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u6b47\u606f\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u6b61\u6176\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u60e0\u7684\u5e7c\u5152\u751f\u65e5\u6d3e\u5c0d\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7375\u53d6\u7d04\u6703\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u6216\u662f\u901f\u9032\u901f\u51fa\u7684\u901f\u98df\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6240\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e00\u5411\u5728\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c64\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u8207\u96c7\u4f63\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u6642\u85aa\u992c\u53e3\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u537b\u6709\u4e86\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u901f\u7c21\u50f9\u5ec9\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u633e\u5e36\u8457\u5f37\u52e2\u6587\u5316\u9032\u53e3\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c5\u7656\uff08Yuppies\uff09\u6d88\u8cbb\u5834\u6240\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5b89\u6392\u4e0a\u770b\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u6bcf\u5bb6\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5206\u5e97\u90fd\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7684\u5ea7\u843d\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u90fd\u6703\u64da\u9ede<a href=\"#_ftn7\" 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name=\"_ftnref8\"><strong>[8]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5f62\u8c61\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u3001\u898f\u5f8b\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u6b61\u8fce\u9867\u5ba2\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u53bb\u7684\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u6975\u5c11\u898b\u7684\u3001\u8b93\u4eba\u4efb\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e7e\u6de8\u5ec1\u6240\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u672c\u5730\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u88ab\u7167\u9867\u3001\u88ab\u6559\u5c0e\u3001\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u88ab\u7d00\u5f8b\u3001\u88ab\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9577\u671f\u8655\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u6821\u4e2d\u5e2b\u9577\u3001\u5e97\u4e2d\u552e\u8ca8\u54e1\u6642\u523b\u8ffd\u96a8\u7684\u773c\u5149\u4e0b\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9019\u985e\u793e\u4ea4\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u5982\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u3001\u725b\u6392\u9928\uff09\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u3001\u6200\u611b\u7d04\u6703\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6d88\u8cbb\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u82e5\u662f\u5f85\u5f97\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u53c8\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5e38\u906d\u670d\u52d9\u751f\u767d\u773c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u50cf\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u6b63\u597d\u5408\u4e4e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1a\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5e97\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6e05\u7406\u904e\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u6709\u79ae\u4f46\u4e0d\u903c\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u662f\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u9867\u5ba2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e97\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u9032\u51fa\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u7684\u62cb\u68c4\u5176\u4ed6\u7a7a\u9593\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u9000\u7e2e\uff0c\u5728\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u4e2d\u7df4\u7fd2\u65bd\u5c55\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u591a\u534a\u9084\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u505a\u529f\u8ab2\u3001\u6216\u662f\u5c0d\u8457\u85af\u689d\u51b7\u98f2\u6c89\u601d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8207\u540c\u5b78\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u5750\u5c31\u662f\u6578\u5c0f\u6642 <a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u7576\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u7570\u570b\u4e2d\u7522\u60c5\u8abf\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5e97\u5167\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u540c\u6642\u5728\u300c\u7528\u529f\u7684\u597d\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8d95\u6642\u4ee3\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u300d\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u8c61\u9593\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u5e73\u8861<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u660e\u4eae\u958b\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6b63\u6d3e\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u7d14\u6f54\u5f62\u8c61\u70ba\u5e74\u7d00\u5c1a\u8f15\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u9f13\u52f5\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u53c8\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u6c42\u5076\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u60c5\u4fb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u8cd3\u9928\u6216\u6c7d\u8eca\u65c5\u9928\u5e7d\u6703\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u60c5\u4fb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u7576\u6642\u9817\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u7684MTV\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u5bc6\u9589\u7a7a\u9593\u7d04\u6703\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u60c5\u617e\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4f46\u5c1a\u7121\u4f34\u4fb6\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u96d6\u6709\u5fc3\u4e5f\u6709\u885d\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u6c42\u5076\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9069\u5408\u7684\u5834\u6240\u6216\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6469\u767b\u5149\u9bae\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u6295\u5c04\u521d\u5149\u660e\u78ca\u843d\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u5176\u660e\u4eae\u5bec\u655e\u800c\u6beb\u4e0d\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u64ab\u5bb6\u9577\u6216\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u4e2d\u670d\u52d9\u54e1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u662f\u79ae\u8c8c\u5c08\u696d\u800c\u6709\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5065\u5eb7\u5766\u7136\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u6e1b\u8f15\u4e86\u521d\u6b21\u7d04\u6703\u8005\u7684\u9766\u8146\u8207\u9867\u5fcc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u7684\u770b\u8207\u88ab\u770b\uff0c\u7528\u6b63\u5927\u5149\u660e\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u611f\u89ba\u4f86\u7f6e\u63db\uff08displace\uff09\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7f9e\u602f\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u7684\u8aaa\u8fad\u4f86\u99c1\u65a5\u4ed6\u4eba\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9032\u884c\u6700\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6c42\u5076\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><strong>[11]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u8aaa\u8fad\u4e2d\u91dd\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u800c\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6eab\u99a8\u6b61\u6a02\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u904b\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0b\u662f\u500b\u66ab\u6642\u61f8\u7f6e\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u7d00\u5f8b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u8eab\u617e\u671b\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u6a23\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5c64\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u5c0d\u9b06\u52d5\u53f0\u7063\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u7d00\u5f8b\u6709\u8457\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9b06\u52d5\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u50b3\u7d71\u7d00\u5f8b\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u7d00\u5f8b\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u860a\u542b\u8457\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u5f62\u4f46\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u898f\u8a13\u662f\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u3001\u897f\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u6563\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u502b\u7406\u53ca\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f9e\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u898f\u8a13\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5f62\u8c61\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6975\u5f37\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u898f\u7bc4\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u591a\u9ebc\u61f6\u60f0\u4e0d\u505a\u5bb6\u4e8b\u7684\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7528\u9910\u4e4b\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u6536\u62fe\u684c\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6821\u4e2d\u5e38\u906d\u6559\u5b98\u8655\u7f70\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u9032\u4e86\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e5f\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u6536\u6582\uff0c\u6309\u898f\u77e9\u6392\u968a\u8cfc\u98df\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u66ff\u9019\u500b\u5916\u4f86\u4e8b\u696d\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7236\u6bcd\u5e2b\u9577\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u611f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7a31\u547c\u6b64\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u70ba\u300c\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u529f\u904b\u4f5c\u6709\u8cf4\u65bc\u53d7\u898f\u7bc4\u8005\u63a1\u53d6\u67d0\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u54c1\u5473\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\uff1b\u610f\u5373\uff0c\u53d7\u898f\u7bc4\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5167\u5316\u9019\u500b\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u6216\u7d42\u5c07\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ef0\u6155\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u968e\u5c64\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7531\u5167\u5728\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\u800c\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7d00\u5f8b\u6240\u9054\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7236\u6bcd\u5e2b\u9577\u5011\u6a02\u898b\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u6548\u679c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5e97\u5167\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u614b\u5ea6\u662f\u6709\u79ae\u5c08\u696d\u4f46\u516c\u4e8b\u516c\u8fa6\u3001\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u6d88\u8cbb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u670d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u5c0d\u5f85\u4efb\u4f55\u9032\u5165\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9867\u5ba2\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u793e\u6703\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u9032\u4f86\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ec1\u6240\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u61c9\u5c0d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8f29\u4efd\u5206\u660e\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u95dc\u4fc2\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u5411\u8655\u65bc\u4f4e\u968e\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u3001\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u6210\u70ba\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u906d\u9047\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u670d\u52d9\u4eba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style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u6d88\u8cbb\u52a0\u4ee5\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\uff08McDonaldization of consumption\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u9084\u8981\u628a\u672c\u5730\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff08\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3\uff09\u4e5f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\uff08McDonaldization of labor\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u3001\u516c\u4e8b\u516c\u8fa6\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\uff08impersonal\uff09\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u6b63\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u6240\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u672c\u5730\u54e1\u5de5\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u80fd\u5920\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08embody\uff09\u5176\u4f01\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u672c\u5730\u54e1\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u6700\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u4e43\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u5834\u6240\u4e2d\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6d88\u8cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c0d\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u4f86\u8aaa\u537b\u662f\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u52de\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u52de\u52d5\uff08\u751f\u7522\uff09\u5834\u6240\u662f\u500b\u968e\u5c64\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb0\u5236\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5236\u7d04\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u54e1\u5de5\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u9ad4\u73fe\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\uff08professionalism\uff09\u8207\u516c\u4e8b\u516c\u8fa6\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u614b\u5ea6\uff08impersonality\uff09\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5148\u9032\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u8207\u81ea\u4fe1\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54e1\u5de5\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u8abf\u6559\u4f86\u6295\u5c04\u5e73\u7b49\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u614b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u9762\u5c0d\u9867\u5ba2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u8f15\u6613\u7684\u88ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u5167\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u54e1\u5de5\u8207\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u3001\u54e1\u5de5\u8207\u9867\u5ba2\u9593\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u6b0a\u529b\u5dee\u8ddd\u6240\u6df9\u6c92\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u5a01\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c1a\u4e0d\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u968e\u5c64\u6b0a\u529b\u5168\u9762\u6ef2\u900f\u4e86\u5a01\u6b0a\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8abf\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u67b6\u69cb\u51fa\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u8981\u5c0b\u627e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u624d\u80fd\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u4e2d\u7dad\u6301\u968e\u5c64\u7d00\u5f8b\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\uff1f\u63db\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u96c7\u7528\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u505a\u51fa\u4f55\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u914d\u5408\u5728\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u80fd\u6295\u5c04\u8de8\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5f62\u8c61\u8207\u7d00\u5f8b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u6bcd\u570b\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u653f\u7b56\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u5176\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c0d\u7167\u4e86\u89e3\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8abf\u9069\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\u9867\u5ba2\u4e4b\u5c0f\u984d\u6d88\u8cbb\u70ba\u92b7\u552e\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u653f\u7b56\u7576\u7136\u6703\u8003\u616e\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u70f9\u8abf\u8207\u51fa\u9910\u90fd\u898f\u683c\u5316\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u5316\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8077\u524d\u8a13\u7df4\u4fbf\u53ef\u4e0a\u5de5\u3002\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u6280\u8853\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff08unskilled labor\uff09\u6700\u5927\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u7528\u4ee5\u5c11\u6578\u5168\u8077\u5c08\u696d\u7d93\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u4f86\u642d\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u8a08\u6642\u96f6\u5de5\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ca0\u64d4\u751f\u8a08\u3001\u53ea\u60f3\u8cfa\u9322\u96f6\u82b1\u3001\u53ef\u662f\u53c8\u9084\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a13\u7df4\u627f\u64d4\u6548\u7387\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u8aaa\u5728\u5927\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u662f\u96c7\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u7121\u6280\u8853\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u672c\u8eab\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6975\u70ba\u5468\u5bc6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u770b\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u539f\u672c\u501a\u9760\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u958b\u59cb\u986f\u793a1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u5b30\u5152\u6f6e\u6e1b\u9000\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u901f\u98df\u696d\u96f6\u5de5\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\u2500\u250016\u523019\u6b72\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u2500\u2500\u5e74\u5e74\u90fd\u5728\u905e\u6e1b\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u5546\u696d\u90e8\u65bc1986\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u5546\u696d\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c1978\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u822c\u5e74\u7d00\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6709\u4e5d\u767e\u516d\u5341\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u4e861985\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u964d\u81f3\u4e03\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u842c\uff0c\u9810\u4f30\u52301995\u5e74\u6642\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u6703\u4f4e\u65bc\u4e03\u767e\u842c\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5617\u8a66\u958b\u767c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u4f86\u505a\u7522\u696d\u5f8c\u5099\u8ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u96d6\u8aaa\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u571f\u4e4b\u5167\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6703\u5f88\u6a02\u610f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u670d\u52d9\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5404\u57ce\u5e02\u7686\u6709\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7121\u6280\u8853\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u773c\u5149\u4e26\u672a\u843d\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u5f37\u9ad4\u58ef\u9858\u610f\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0a\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7adf\u7136\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u570b\u767d\u7a2e\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u53e3\u4f5c\u70ba\u9996\u8981\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u76ee\u6a19\u30021986\u5e74\u7372\u9812\u300c\u5370\u8c61\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u5ee3\u544a\u6bd4\u8cfd\u300d\u4e9e\u8ecd\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u300c\u65b0\u624b\u7bc7\u300d\uff08The New Hand\uff09\u96fb\u8996\u5ee3\u544a\u4fbf\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5411\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5f15\u4ecb\u9019\u6279\u65b0\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f4d\u767d\u7a2e\u8001\u4eba\u65e9\u6668\u8d77\u5e8a\u3001\u5feb\u6a02\u800c\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u7684\u4e0a\u5de5\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u9000\u4f11\u8001\u4eba\u56de\u934b\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5c31\u696d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6975\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u5149\u660e\u6109\u6085\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn12\" 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href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a> \u2500\u2500\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u670d\u5bb6\u9577\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6253\u5de5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5de5\u8b80\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u548c\u8b80\u66f8\u6709\u9ede\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\u670d\u5bb6\u9577\u540c\u610f\u5b50\u5973\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u4e4b\u5916\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u8ab2\u696d\u7684\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u751a\u81f3\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u9234\u6728\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u5b78\u5728\u53f0\u63a8\u5ee3\u6642\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u53e3\u865f\uff08\u300c\u5b78\u7434\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u6703\u8b8a\u58de\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6253\u5de5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u6703\u8b8a\u58de\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn15\" 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href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><strong>[16]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e74\u8f15\u6253\u5de5\u4eba\u53e3\u9010\u6f38\u6d41\u5f80\u5831\u916c\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u6a23\u3001\u5f62\u8c61\u66f4\u70ba\u65b0\u6f6e\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u696d\uff08\u5982KTV\u3001\u9152\u5eca\u3001\u4e09\u6eab\u6696\u7b49\u7b49\u670d\u52d9\u696d\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5df2\u7d93\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u9700\u8981\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4e2d\u5e74\u7684\u5abd\u5abd\u65cf\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u96c7\u4f63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u4e5f\u518d\u5ea6\u5c55\u73fe\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\u53ca\u6b63\u8077\uff0c\u4e3b\u5a66\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u4f4e\u968e\u7684\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u626e\u6f14\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5bb6\u52d9\u52de\u52d5\u672c\u4f86\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u670d\u52d9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u7d00\u5f8b\u4e0a\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u6e96\u5099\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u5927\u591a\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u9130\u8fd1\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u548c\u51fa\u5e2d\u7387\u90fd\u6bd4\u5728\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\u7a69\u5b9a\uff1b\u5176\u6bcd\u6027\u7684\u6eab\u6696\u5f62\u8c61\u66f4\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u8207\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u61c9\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u5e36\u4ed6\u5011\u53bb\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u6d88\u8cbb\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u8003\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u6642\u81ea\u7136\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><strong>[18]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u300d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u8de8\u570b\u9023\u9396\u901f\u98df\u696d\u5584\u65bc\u5728\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7de8\u7e54\u51fa\u7f8e\u9e97\u800c\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u8aaa\u8fad\u4f86\u53ec\u559a\u7576\u4e0b\u6700\u80fd\u70ba\u5176\u6240\u7528\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6839\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u7d00\u5f8b\u4e5f\u5df2\u898b\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u901f\u98df\u806f\u9396\u5e97\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0f\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u4e26\u5df2\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u5584\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u670d\u52d9\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6d88\u8cbb\u53ca\u52de\u52d5\u9818\u57df\u5167\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u53ca\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e92\u63db\u800c\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u66f4\u7531\u65bc\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6210\u9577\u5c31\u696d\u800c\u6ef2\u5165\u5225\u7684\u7522\u696d\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u518d\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u5de5\u5546\u696d\u666e\u904d\u65e5\u76ca\u6df1\u5316\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u8da8\u52e2\u914d\u642d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u901f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9020<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><strong>[19]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u62ec\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8de8\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8cc7\u672c\u5728\u79fb\u690d\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u90fd\u8981\u7d93\u6b77\u8abf\u6574\u8f49\u5316\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8de8\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u7576\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5247\u662f\u7576\u5730\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u7684\u9019\u500b\u79fb\u690d\u904e\u7a0b\u7d42\u7a76\u6703\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u968e\u7d1a\u89c0\u8207\u5a01\u6b0a\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u5247\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u9592\u6687\u4e2d\u90fd\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d00\u5f8b\u53ca\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u53d6\u4ee3\u9577\u5e7c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0f\u96c7\u4f63\u4eba\u53e3 <a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><strong>[20]<\/strong><\/a><strong><sub>\u00ad<\/sub><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u4e3b\u5e73\u7b49\u7368\u7acb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u662f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u300d\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u9010\u6b65\u570b\u969b\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5316\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u5de5\u696d\u5347\u7d1a\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u9817\u70ba\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u65b0\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u300d\uff0c\u6a19\u8a8c\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5be6\u8e10\u65b0\u6f6e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d78\u6f64\u5728\u516c\u4e8b\u516c\u8fa6\u3001\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\uff08impersonality\uff09\u3001\u6548\u7387\uff08efficiency\uff09\u53ca\u5c08\u696d\u614b\u5ea6\uff08professionalism\uff09\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u5a1b\u6a02\u5834\u6240\u7b49\u7b49\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u7fd2\u6163\u65bc\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5df2\u7136\u5167\u5316\u65b0\u7d00\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5c07\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u300d\uff08capitalization\uff09\u6587\u5316\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u751f\u7522\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u65b0\u578b\u670d\u52d9\u696d\uff09\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u65e5\u5e38\u5728\u6d88\u8cbb\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4ea4\u5f80\u800c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u80fd\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u6309\u7167\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u6548\u7387\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u4e92\u52d5\u7d93\u7def\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u56fa\u7136\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u719f\u7a14\u3001\u6703\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u9b5a\u5f97\u6c34\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8996\u5176\u70ba\u7576\u7136\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6548\u7387\u7684\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u3001\u898f\u5283\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u60c5\u5f0f\u7684\u5834\u57df\u537b\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7121\u6578\u4ecd\u7136\u501a\u8cf4\u4eba\u60c5\u4e92\u52d5\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u968e\u5e8f\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u73fe\u5be6\u3001\u5efa\u69cb\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u88ab\u6025\u901f\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u501a\u8cf4\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u7ba1\u9053\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u5176\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u843d\u5165\u6613\u53d7\u5bb3\u3001\u6613\u53d7\u50b7\u3001\u6613\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u5f8c\u8a18\u58f9\uff081994\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6211\u5f9e1986\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c0\u5bdf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8f49\u6298\u662f\uff1a1986\u5e74\u9047\u898b\u521d\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u537b\u5df2\u8208\u596e\u5730\u4ee5\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u70ba\u4e3b\u98df\u7684\u5c0f\u840d\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u96c7\u4f63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u8f49\u800c\u4ee5\u9000\u4f11\u8001\u4eba\u70ba\u4e3b\u529b\uff0c1988\u5e74\u8fd4\u570b\u5f8c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\u4e00\u5f35\u5f35\u6eff\u8db3\u81ea\u5f97\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u81c9\u5b54\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ac3\u6aaf\u5f8c\u9762\u5fd9\u788c\u4f46\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6253\u5de5\u8005\uff0c\u9084\u67091993\u5e74\u4e2d\u58e2\u958b\u8a2d\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u800c\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5546\u5708\u8f49\u79fb\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7d93\u71df\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9023\u9396\u4e8b\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u5149\u5f69\u548c\u7522\u54c1\u6c34\u6e96\u7576\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6e1b\u9000\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u521d\u521d\u4e0a\u5de5\u7684\u8208\u596e\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u55ae\u8abf\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u78e8\u640d\uff0c\u6253\u5de5\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u300c\u7d20\u8cea\u300d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u4f4d\u968e\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u539f\u5247\u548c\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u672a\u4f86\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u767d\u9818\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u53e3\u5c0d\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u64cd\u6301\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u5f8c\u8a18\u8cb3\uff082008\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5beb\u6210\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u670915\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u901f\u5ea6\u9a5a\u4eba\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7570\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5149\u74b0\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5bcc\u88d5\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u5065\u5eb7\u610f\u8b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e5f\u4f7f\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u5766\u627f\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5341\u5e7e\u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5403\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u9084\u5f88\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5403\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u6c92\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6c92\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u9177\u3002\u5230\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5403\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u503c\u5f97\u70ab\u8000\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u771f\u8a71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u800d\u5e25\uff0c\u5c31\u5403\u58fd\u53f8\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u5403\u5370\u5ea6\u98df\u7269\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u98a8\u5149\uff0c\u5403\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5543\u767d\u9eb5\u5305\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><strong>[22]<\/strong><\/a>\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u6b63\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6c42\u65b0\u6c42\u8b8a\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98f2\u98df\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e5f\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u914d\u5408\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u300c\u8d70\u5728\u6f6e\u6d41\u524d\u9762\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\ufe302005\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u9996\u5275\u7684\u7c73\u98df\u300c\u677f\u70e4\u7c73\u9999\u5821\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u5967\u904b\u91d1\u724c\u9078\u624b\u6731\u6728\u708e\u4ee3\u8a00\u7684\u300c\u5403\u5f97\u5de7 \u52d5\u5f97\u597d\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c2007\u5e74\u5247\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u8212\u98df\u300d\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u63d0\u4f9b\u71df\u990a\u900f\u6790\u3001\u71df\u990a\u6a19\u793a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8209\u63aa\u90fd\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u63a5\u5408\u4e2d\u7522\u8ffd\u6c42\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6539\u8b8a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u4e2d\u7522\u6d88\u8cbb\u9ede\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u5916\u9001\u722d\u53d6\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u62ab\u85a9\u5e97\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5f97\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u7cbe\u9ad3\u7684\u661f\u5df4\u5ba2\u5496\u5561\u9023\u9396\u5e97\u30022008\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u53f0\u4e2d\u9ad8\u96c4\u7b49\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u63a8\u51fa24\u5c0f\u6642\u300c\u6b61\u6a02\u9001\u300d\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7a4d\u6975\u8de8\u754c\u6436\u653b\u539f\u4f86\u7531\u62ab\u85a9\u4f54\u64da\u7684\u5916\u9001\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5927\u8209\u63a8\u51fa\u514d\u8cbb\u8a66\u559d\u73fe\u78e8\u73fe\u505a\u7684\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4e26\u64f4\u5927\u63a8\u52d5McCafe\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u8ecd\u6b64\u523b\u6bcf\u5e74\u6210\u9577\u8d85\u904e12%\u7684\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7e3d\u88c1\u674e\u660e\u5143\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u98f2\u7528\u5496\u5561\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u70ba\u6301\u7e8c\u5f37\u5316\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u6109\u6085\u8212\u98df\u7528\u9910\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u81ea2003\u5e74\u9010\u6b65\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u6e2c\u8a66\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u300e\u901f\u98df\u9910\u5ef3\u300f\u53ca\u300e\u5496\u5561\u9928\u300f\u7684\u9910\u9ede\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u591a\u5143\u5316\u6d88\u8cbb\u7528\u9910\u9700\u6c42\uff01\u300d\u5f9e\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u5230\u5496\u5561\u9928\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u65d7\u5e5f\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u9010\u6b65\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u7528\u9910\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u5b78\u7fd2\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u696d\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u512a\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u8005\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u6025\u5287\u5730\u6539\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91cb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u99ac\u514b\u601d\uff0e\u9b91\u65af\u53ca\u53f2\u63d0\u592b\uff0e\u9322\u601d\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u9762\u9762\u89c0\u300b\uff0c\u8449\u82b8\u541b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u9802\u6df5\uff0c1986\u3002\u6216\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u300a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff1a\u7d93\u71df\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5947\u8de1\u300b\uff0cJohn F. Love\u539f\u8457\uff0c\u97d3\u5b9a\u570b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u535a\u76ca\uff0c1987\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> George Ritzer, <em>The McDonaldization of Society 5<\/em>, 5<sup>th<\/sup> edition (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2007).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u50cfBarry Smart\u7de8\u7e82\u7684<em>Resisting McDonaldization<\/em>\uff081999\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5b8f\u89c0\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9019\u985e\u5fae\u89c0\u5f0f\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u5728\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u898b\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u73fe\u8c61\u300d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6211\u9019\u985e\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u5206\u6790\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c0d\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u91cd\u7d44\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0f\u52de\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u6548\u61c9\u9032\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90a3\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u6771\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6\u57281970-1980\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d77\u98db\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u614b\u8da8\u5411\u6d88\u8cbb\u8207\u5916\u98df\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u89e3\u9ad4\u70ba\u81ea\u9867\u50be\u5411\u7684\u5c0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5c11\u5b50\u5316\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u5c0e\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u9032\u5165\u6771\u4e9e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u6a5f\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u898b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u83ef\u751f\uff0c\u3008\u6599\u7406\u6771\u8207\u897f\u3009\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u83ef\u751f\uff08\u7de8\uff09\u300a\u98f2\u98df\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff1a\u8ddf\u8457\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6771\u4e9e\u8857\u982d\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u65e9\u5b89\u8ca1\u7d93\u6587\u5316\uff0c2007\uff1a28-34\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u64da\u9ede\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u5728\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u51fa\u53e3\u6216\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u5f97\u4f86\u901f\uff08drive-through\uff09\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u9867\u5ba2\u4e0d\u7528\u9032\u5e97\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ede\u9910\u5916\u5e36\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7bc0\u7701\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u505c\u8eca\u5834\uff0c\u9867\u5ba2\u505c\u7559\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u66f4\u77ed\u30021986\u5e74\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5168\u53f0\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5f97\u4f86\u901f\u537b\u9078\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5929\u6bcd\u6700\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u8857\u53e3\u8a2d\u7f6e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/\">http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/<\/a>\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u90fd\u6703\u4e2d\u7522\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u514d\u53bb\u5e02\u5340\u505c\u8eca\u56f0\u64fe\u800c\u8a2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u751f\u65e5\u6d3e\u5c0d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u64da\u9ede\u4e0a\u7b97\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u7d93\u71df\u65b9\u5411\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u4e2d\u4e2d\u6e2f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5c31\u66fe\u5275\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u8fa6\u7406618\u5834\u751f\u65e5\u6d3e\u5c0d\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e16\u754c\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u81ea\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7db2\u7ad9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/\">http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u65e9\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8457\u773c\u9ede\u662f\u623f\u5730\u7522\u3002\u6bcf\u958b\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u5e97\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u90fd\u6703\u5c0d\u9644\u8fd1\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u6210\u9577\u7387\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u5b78\u6b77\u3001\u6536\u5165\u6240\u5f97\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u76f8\u95dc\u5546\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u6f6e\u52d5\u7dda\u7b49\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91d1\u8272\u62f1\u9580\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u8655\u5f80\u5f80\u7acb\u523b\u5e36\u52d5\u5546\u5708\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u623f\u5730\u7522\u884c\u60c5\u5927\u6f32\u3002\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5728\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u8ce3\u51fa\u539f\u4f86\u4f4e\u50f9\u8cfc\u9032\u7684\u5e97\u9762\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u8cb7\u4e3b\u79df\u56de\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8f49\u624b\u4e4b\u9593\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5341\u500d\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e55\u5f8c\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u53d4\u53d4\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u8655 \u5730\u76ae\u5c31\u767c\u71d9 \u91d1\u8272\u62f1\u9580\u4e0b\u5b75\u51fa\u91d1\u96de\u86cb\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6642\u5831\u9031\u520a\u300b799\u671f\uff081993\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\uff09\uff1a27-44\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u300c\u901f\u98df\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u6771\u4e9e\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u985b\u8986\uff0c\u53ea\u6307\u6d89\u98df\u7269\u7684\u905e\u9001\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u98df\u7528\u4e5f\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u628a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7576\u4f5c\u4f11\u9592\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u805a\u6703\u5834\u6240\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u83ef\u751f\uff0c\u3008\u6599\u7406\u6771\u8207\u897f\u3009\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u83ef\u751f\uff08\u7de8\uff09\u300a\u98f2\u98df\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff1a\u8ddf\u8457\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6771\u4e9e\u8857\u982d\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u65e9\u5b89\u8ca1\u7d93\u6587\u5316\uff0c2007\uff1a50-51\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u64da\u50b3\u53f0\u7063\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5f8c\u4f86\u6709\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\u5c0d\u4e45\u5750\u800c\u6d88\u8cbb\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5e97\u5167\u8b80\u66f8\u505a\u529f\u8ab2\u6216\u5446\u5750\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u67d4\u6027\u52f8\u5c0e\u79fb\u5f80\u4ed6\u8655\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u6539\u63a1\u7684\u53e6\u985e\u7a7a\u9593\u5247\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u76f8\u5c0d\u9b06\u6563\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u66f4\u70ba\u6d3b\u6f51\u7684\u672c\u571f\u65b0\u8208\u6ce1\u6cab\u7d05\u8336\u5e97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u5176\u5be6\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u300c\u901f\u300d\u98df\u5f62\u8c61\u5df2\u7d93\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7a7a\u9593\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u300c\u6162\u300d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5167\u5bb9\u30022003\u5e74\u5168\u53f0\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e3b\u52d5\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u7121\u7dda\u5bec\u983b\u4e0a\u7db2\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8207\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9023\u9396\u5e97\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4ee5\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u70ba\u5275\u610f\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u6d88\u8cbb\u7fa4\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u4e26\u8207\u672c\u5730\u9280\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5e97\u5167\u63a8\u51faATM\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u670d\u52d9\u66f4\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u81ea\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7db2\u7ad9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/\">http:\/\/www.mcdonalds.com.tw\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u2500\u2500\u8001\u5e74\u7537\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7e41\u5fd9\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f11\u9592\u548c\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u8a18\u8005\u5206\u6790\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8001\u4eba\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u90fd\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u6709\u8457\u300c\u7121\u8655\u53ef\u6392\u9063\u7684\u5bc2\u5bde\u8207\u60b2\u54c0\u300d\uff0c\u898b\u6797\u7167\u771f\uff0c\u3008LKK\u76f8\u7d04\u9ea5\u7576\u52de \u804a\u5929 \u5446\u5750 \u6bba\u6642\u9593\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b1999\u5e742\u67087\u65e5\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u70ba\u67d0\u4e9b\u8001\u4eba\u6ce1\u5e74\u8f15\u7f8e\u7709\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u9952\u820c\u6b4c\u624bMC HotDog\u548cJohnny Wu\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u9996\u300c\u897f\u9580\u753a\u8001\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u7576\u6642\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8de8\u4ee3\u4ea4\u53cb\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6b4c\u8a5e\u88e1\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u4e00\u9032\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u88e1 \u6211\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u9a5a \u88e1\u9762\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e03\u5341\u88ab\u8001\u4eba\u5360\u64da\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\u8cea\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u5730\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u82fb\u827e\u4fe0\uff0c\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u5974\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u624b\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u6d32\u6642\u5831\u5468\u520a\u300b141\u671f\uff0c1987\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5\uff0c65-66\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u8ad6\u4ef6\u8a08\u5de5\u8cc7\u6642\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\u8a08\u4ef6\u5de5\u8cc7\u662f\u6700\u9069\u5408\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5be6\u884c\u4e86\u8a08\u4ef6\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5118\u53ef\u80fd\u7dca\u5f35\u5730\u767c\u63ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u53c8\u4f7f\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u5bb9\u6613\u63d0\u9ad8\u52de\u52d5\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\uff08cf. Marx, 1977: 692-700\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6309\u4ef6\u8a08\u916c\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u81ea\u6211\u525d\u524a\u4f46\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u6bcd\u570b\u2500\u2500\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u300c\u5de5\u8b80\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8ab2\u9918\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u57df\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u6821\u5167\u5404\u55ae\u4f4d\u6216\u9910\u5ef3\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u6c7a\u4e0d\u6703\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u696d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5e97\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u628a\u5b78\u751f\u4e00\u5207\u8ab2\u5167\u5916\u6253\u5de5\u90fd\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5de5\u8b80\u300d\uff0c\u542b\u610f\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u7684\u9019\u500b\u547d\u540d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u53f0\u7063\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u8981\u96c7\u7528\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5546\u5bb6\u6240\u63a1\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u7121\u95dc\u7684KTV\u3001\u5496\u5561\u9928\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u300c\u5de5\u8b80\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u4f86\u96c7\u7528\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u65e9\u5e74\u80fd\u8ca0\u64d4\u5b50\u5973\u5b78\u92fc\u7434\u6216\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u7686\u70ba\u4e0a\u5c64\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u97f3\u6a02\u7d20\u990a\u662f\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ca0\u64d4\u79c1\u4eba\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u6388\u8ab2\u4e5f\u662f\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9234\u6728\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u5b78\u5728\u64f4\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u6e90\u958b\u73ed\u6388\u8ab2\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5ba3\u50b3\u5c0d\u8c61\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u9234\u6728\u9700\u8981\u8aaa\u670d\u9019\u4e9b\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u60f3\u6539\u5584\u5b50\u5973\u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff1a\u5b50\u5973\u5b78\u7434\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u52d5\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6559\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u5b78\u7434\u800c\u5148\u884c\u64c1\u6709\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u990a\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u4e2d\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u79fb\u7f6e\u65bc\u5916\u4f86\u901f\u98df\u5e97\u6253\u5de5\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e32\u9023\u8d77\u6253\u5de5\u5b78\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u806f\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6253\u904e\u5de5\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5c31\u50cf\u5b78\u7434\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u5149\u660e\u7684\u524d\u9014\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u6839\u64da\u884c\u653f\u9662\u52de\u59d4\u6703\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c15\u523024\u6b72\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4f5415\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\uff0c\u57281981\u5e74\u662f29.6%\uff0c\u52301992\u5e74\u6e1b\u70ba22.4%\uff0c1998\u5e74\u66f4\u964d\u70ba15.1%\uff0c2007\u5e74\u5247\u5df2\u964d\u81f39.0%\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u6295\u5165\u670d\u52d9\u696d\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u6301\u7e8c\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4f9b\u7d66\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u81ea\u52de\u59d4\u6703\u7db2\u7ad9<a href=\"http:\/\/statdb.cla.gov.tw\/html\/mon\/22020.htm\">http:\/\/statdb.cla.gov.tw\/html\/mon\/22020.htm<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u52302001\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e00\u842c\u516b\u5343\u540d\u9580\u5e02\u54e1\u5de5\u5df2\u7d93\u670912\uff05\u662f\u4e2d\u5e74\u5c31\u696d\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5a66\u5973\u5c45\u591a\u3002\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u300c\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u8b80\u751f\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4e2d\u5e74\u54e1\u5de5\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u529b\u7684\u8abf\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u6bcf\u5bb6\u5e97\u4eba\u529b\u7dca\u6025\u8abf\u5ea6\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u914d\u5408\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u5e74\u5931\u696d\u8005\u958b\u555f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8b00\u751f\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u300d\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u5ea6\u5c31\u696d\u4eba\u53e3 \u9023\u9396\u9910\u98f2\u696d\u5931\u696d\u7387\u6551\u661f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5de5\u5546\u6642\u5831\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u53ca\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u512a\u5148\u8058\u50f1\u9ad8\u7e23\u5f31\u52e2\u5a66\u5973\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2002\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u5a66\u548c\u5abd\u5abd\u7d55\u5c0d\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6539\u55841987\u5e74\u906d\u53d7\u4e3b\u5a66\u806f\u76df\u6297\u8b70\u6240\u552e\u98df\u7269\u50f9\u683c\u904e\u9ad8\u3001\u71df\u990a\u904e\u4f4e\u6642\u907a\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u8207\u6bcd\u89aa\u611b\u5fc3\u5c0d\u7acb\u300d\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u898b\u3008\u5fcd\u8010\u4e00\u4e0b\u964d\u50f9\u518d\u5403\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u7d93\u6fdf\u65e5\u5831\u300b1987\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u6b64\u4e00\u6539\u9020\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6548\u7387\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u8457\u8cc7\u672c\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u91cd\u5851\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6539\u9020\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u9711\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u8655\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5916\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u6216\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u9069\u61c9\u56e0\u800c\u62d2\u65a5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u6d88\u8cbb\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u88ab\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u7d42\u81f3\u5728\u6587\u5316\u7248\u5716\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53e4\u677f\u904e\u6642\u800c\u6d88\u97f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u9032\u884c\u30021992\u5e747\u6708\u6211\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u65c5\u904a\u6642\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u5bb6\u65b0\u958b\u7684\u7f8e\u8cc7\u9023\u9396\u901f\u98df\u5e97\uff0c\u521d\u521d\u958b\u59cb\u4e0a\u5de5\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u5011\u6709\u9ede\u9766\u8146\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u6295\u5c04\u51fa\u8207\u5927\u9678\u570b\u71df\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u4e8b\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u5927\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u71b1\u5ff1\u53ca\u958b\u95ca\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u554f\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u5b69\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u56f0\u96e3\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5979\u56de\u7b54\ufe30\u300c\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5fae\u7b11\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7b54\u6848\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u986f\u793a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u670d\u52d9\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u6539\u9020\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u7def\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u5f0f\u3001\u53ea\u5c0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u53cb\u5584\u5fae\u7b11\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5c07\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u62cb\u68c4\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u4ee5\u8840\u7de3\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u5c07\u9010\u6b65\u8b93\u4f4d\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u8077\u52d9\u3001\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6613\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u6642\u6709\u6240\u805e\u5730\u4e0b\u9322\u838a\u6216\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u6216\u8001\u9f20\u6703\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e26\u975e\u7279\u5225\u611a\u7b28\u6216\u8caa\u8ca1\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5979\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8abf\u6559\u5f88\u96e3\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u91d1\u878d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u63a5\u5408\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u5805\u62d2\u4f7f\u7528ATM\u63d0\u6b3e\u6a5f\u800c\u5805\u6301\u8981\u8207\u884c\u54e1\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4ee5\u79c1\u4eba\u4ea4\u60c5\u4e92\u52d5\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u90e8\u9580\u5730\u4e0b\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5bb3\u88ab\u9a19\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e0d\u9177\u4e86 \u7f8e\u5f0f\u6587\u5316\u8c61\u5fb5\u9762\u81e8\u5371\u6a5f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u00a02003\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u76f8\u95dc\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008LKK\u76f8\u7d04\u9ea5\u7576\u52de \u804a\u5929 \u5446\u5750 \u6bba\u6642\u9593\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b1999\u5e742\u67087\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u5ea6\u5c31\u696d\u4eba\u53e3 \u9023\u9396\u9910\u98f2\u696d\u5931\u696d\u7387\u6551\u661f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5de5\u5546\u6642\u5831\u300b2001\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008\u5fcd\u8010\u4e00\u4e0b\u964d\u50f9\u518d\u5403\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u7d93\u6fdf\u65e5\u5831\u300b1987\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u4e0d\u9177\u4e86 \u7f8e\u5f0f\u6587\u5316\u8c61\u5fb5\u9762\u81e8\u5371\u6a5f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u00a02003\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u53d4\u53d4\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u8655 \u5730\u76ae\u5c31\u767c\u71d9 \u91d1\u8272\u62f1\u9580\u4e0b\u5b75\u51fa\u91d1\u96de\u86cb\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6642\u5831\u9031\u520a\u300b799\u671f\uff0c1993\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\uff0c27-44\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u512a\u5148\u8058\u50f1\u9ad8\u7e23\u5f31\u52e2\u5a66\u5973\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2002\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u76f8\u95dc\u66f8\u76ee<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u82fb\u827e\u4fe0\uff0c\u3008\u9ea5\u7576\u5974\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u624b\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u6d32\u6642\u5831\u5468\u520a\u300b141\u671f\uff0c1987\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5\uff0c65-66\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u300a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u2500\u2500\u7d93\u71df\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5947\u8de1\u300b\uff0cJohn F. Love\u539f\u8457\uff0c\u97d3\u5b9a\u570b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u535a\u76ca\uff0c1987\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u99ac\u514b\u601d\uff0e\u9b91\u65af\u53ca\u53f2\u63d0\u592b\uff0e\u9322\u601d\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u9762\u9762\u89c0\u300b\uff0c\u8449\u82b8\u541b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u9802\u6df5\uff0c1986\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u83ef\u751f\uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff0c2007\u3002\u300a\u98f2\u98df\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff1a\u8ddf\u8457\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6771\u4e9e\u8857\u982d\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u65e9\u5b89\u8ca1\u7d93\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Marx, Karl, 1977.\u00a0 <em>Capital<\/em>, Vol. 1.\u00a0 Trans by Ben Fowkes.\u00a0 New York: Random House.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ritzer, George, 2007.\u00a0 <em>The McDonaldization of Society 5<\/em>.\u00a0 5th edition.\u00a0 Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Smart, Barry (ed.), 1999.\u00a0 <em>Resisting McDonaldization<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Sage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Tucker, R. (ed.) 1978.\u00a0 <em>The Marx-Engles Reader<\/em>, 2nd ed.\u00a0 New York: Norton.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"url2053\" class=\"posturl\" value=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1993\/01\/%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%ba%a5%e7%95%b6%e5%8b%9e%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e8%b7%a8%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8b%99%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%82%8f%e8%bc%af\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"com2053\" class=\"postcom\" value=\"0\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u672c\u6587\u539f\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc1993\u5e74\u5143\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[148,364],"class_list":["post-2053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25","tag-148","tag-364"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2053"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6603,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053\/revisions\/6603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}