{"id":2474,"date":"2002-11-15T02:16:09","date_gmt":"2002-11-14T18:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2474"},"modified":"2016-12-30T22:45:39","modified_gmt":"2016-12-30T14:45:39","slug":"%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%8f%e5%88%a5%e5%a3%93%e8%bf%ab%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%9a%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e4%b8%bb%e9%ab%94%e5%9c%a8%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2002\/11\/%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%8f%e5%88%a5%e5%a3%93%e8%bf%ab%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%9a%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e4%b8%bb%e9%ab%94%e5%9c%a8%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u58d3\u8feb\u300d\uff1a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u53f0\u7063"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u9019\u7bc72002\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\u5728\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u6703\u5e74\u6703\u300c\u91cd\u8a2a\u6771\u4e9e\u300d\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u6536\u5165\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c73-122\u3002\u4e5f\u6536\u5165\u300a\u7570\u8b70\u300b\u4e0b\u518a\uff0c\u53f0\u793e\u601d\u60f3\u8b80\u672c02\uff0c\u5f90\u9032\u923a\u3001\u9673\u5149\u8208\u7de8\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u300259-98\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u9644\u6a94\u520a\u51fa\u6587\u4e4bpdf\u6a94\u3002\uff09<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2002\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5340\u4e00\u4f4d17\u6b72\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u845b\u96ef\u56e0\u52c7\u65bc\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u88ab\u4e09\u4f4d\u7537\u6027\u7fa4\u6bc6\u5200\u50b7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u88ab\u7d81\u624b\u7e1b\u8173\u7e69\u7d22\u52d2\u9838\u7562\u547d\uff0c\u68c4\u5c4d\u65bc150\u82f1\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u5c71\u5340\u3002\u845b\u96ef\u662f\u4eca\u5e74\u7b2c25\u500b\u88ab\u8b00\u6bba\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u806f\u76df\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c2002\u5e74\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u6700\u8840\u8165\u7684\u4e00\u5e74<\/em>\u3002\u2500\u2500David Steinberg<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u7f8e\u570b\u90a3\u6a23\u523a\u773c\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u8a18\u9304 [2]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u537b\u4e5f\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u6b0a\u76ca\u554f\u984c\u6e05\u695a\u6d6e\u4e0a\u53f0\u9762\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8207\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53cd\u4e32\u5f9e\u696d\u7684\u7d05\u9802\u85dd\u4eba\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u5947\u89c0\u5f0f\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u89f8\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5077\u7aca\u6216\u507d\u9020\u6587\u66f8\uff09\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f15\u8d77\u5fc3\u7406\u91ab\u7642\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u8a3a\u65b7\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u66f4\u5ee3\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u5247\u662f\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e2d\u81f3\u4eca\u71b1\u7092\u672a\u6b47\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u88dd\u79c0 [7]<\/strong><\/a>\u3001\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8868\u6f14\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u88dd\u98a8\u6c23 [8]<\/strong><\/a>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6642\u5c1a\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u88dd\u8d8a\u754c [9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff08visibility\uff09\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b64\u7acb\u6478\u7d22\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u604d\u5982\u9694\u4e16\u7684\u9059\u9060\u76f8\u8a8d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff02002\u5e74\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6709\u95dc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u537b\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u5a1b\u6a02\u8868\u6f14\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u63a5\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6216\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0d\u518d\u81ea\u5916\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u800c\u633a\u8eab\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6b0a\u76ca\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u3001\u731c\u5fcc\u3001\u6575\u610f\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u503c\u5f97\u773e\u4eba\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u793e\u7fa4\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6Anne Bolin\u66fe\u7d93\u57281982\u5e74\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u548c\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u9084\u662f\u622a\u7136\u5340\u9694\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6642\u81f31992\u5e74\uff0cBolin\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u793e\u7fa4\u513c\u7136\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u8b8a\u8abf\u79fb\u4f4d\u8d8a\u754c\uff08gender-transposed\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u900f\u904e\u904b\u52d5\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5efa\u8a2d\u5f62\u6210\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\uff0c\u651c\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\u9762\u5c0d\u6709\u95dc\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u63a5\u7d0d\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u7b49\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u554f\u984c\uff081994: 461\uff09\u3002Bolin\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8349\u6839\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4e32\u9023\u7d44\u7e54\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u529b\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7236\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6311\u6230\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u5448\u73fe\u975e\u6b63\u7d71\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u548c\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u722d\u53d6\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5718\u7d50\u58ef\u5927\u3002\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u7684TS\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5b78\u8005Henry S. Rubin\u5728\u56de\u9867\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u300d\uff08trans studies\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u4e5f\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5fb5\u5146\uff1a\u8b8a\u88dd\u7d93\u5178\u7247Paris is Burning<\/em>\u57281991\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u6642\u88ab\u95b1\u8b80\u70ba\u540c\u5fd7\u7247\uff0c\u7247\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u540c\u5fd7\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6642\u81f31999\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u7247\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u5979\u5011\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff081999: 173\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5225\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u6216\u540c\u5fd7\u9177\u5152\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4fc3\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u958b\u5275\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u6297\u722d\u5178\u7bc4\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf6\u8cb4\u8cc7\u6e90\u7d66\u665a\u8fd1\u624d\u9010\u6b65\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u3001\u5169\u5e74\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5c07\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u63a5\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8863\u8457\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5f9e\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u4f86\u6279\u5224\u8b66\u65b9\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5171\u72af\u7d50\u69cb\u5982\u4f55\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u6b0a\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u63a5\u5408\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u628a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5e73\u5be6\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u9032\u666e\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f86\u95e1\u8ff0\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u5c0b\u56de\u9019\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u9032\uff08radical\uff09\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6d6e\u73fe\u767c\u8072\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u4ee5\u300c\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u6b0a\u300d\u70ba\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u6709\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u76f2\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u76f2\u9ede\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7121\u80fd\u7dad\u8b77\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9084\u56e0\u70ba\u56fa\u5b88\u5169\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u800c\u66f4\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53ef\u7591\u8207\u6c61\u540d [10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

Judith Butler\u65e9\u5df2\u8cea\u7591\u904e\u9019\u500b\u76f2\u9ede\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u300d\uff08gender identity\uff09\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\u3001\u6027\u5be6\u8e10\u3001\u548c\u617e\u671b\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u9023\u8cab\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6b63\u662f\u5f37\u8feb\u5f0f\u7570\u6027\u6200\uff08compulsory heterosexuality\uff09\u6240\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u7684\uff081990: 17-18\uff09\u3002Butler\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u53ef\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08intelligible genders\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u66d6\u6627\u3001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e38\u5e38\u652a\u64fe\u3001\u63ed\u9732\u3001\u7f6e\u63db\u6709\u95dc\u7537\u6027\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u3001\u967d\u525b\uff0f\u9670\u67d4\u7b49\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c23\u8cea\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8de8\u8d8a\u3001\u63c9\u5408\u3001\u6539\u88dd\u6027\u5225\uff08\u8af8\u5982\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u6216\u570b\u738b\uff09\u7684\u5be6\u8e10,<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u53caButler\u7576\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u8457\u58a8\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\uff08embody\uff09\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u2500\u2500\u5df2\u7d93\u7528\u5176\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u64cd\u6f14\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u884c\u8457\u62b5\u79a6\u5169\u6027\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u8089\u640f\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u76f4\u64c1\u62b1\u8457\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u4fb7\u9650\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u5207\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5169\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u6c23\u8cea\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9b06\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u91cd\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u66f4\u70ba\u300c\u654f\u611f\u300d\u4e14\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8d8a\u754c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u6027\u6216\u8005\u8eab\u9ad4\uff09\u5247\u591a\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u80fd\u5145\u6eff\u7591\u61fc\uff1b\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u95b1\u8b80\uff0f\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u8aa4\u8b80\uff0f\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u6210\u719f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8a8d\u8b58\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\uff0f\u6b78\u5c6c\u4e0a\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u3001\u932f\u7f6e\u7684\u3001\u6e38\u79fb\u7684\u3001\u9a0e\u7246\u7684\u3001\u5f37\u884c\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u7576\u6027\u5225\u9ad4\u5236\u53ea\u5bb9\u8a31\u4e8c\u5143\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u67b6\u69cb\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6575\u6211\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u975e\u5f7c\u5373\u6b64\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7576\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u66d6\u6627\u6e38\u79fb\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6253\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u89ba\u5f97\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c0d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u932f\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6211\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u88dd\u932f\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u67b6\u69cb\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u8981\u5728\u8907\u96dc\u591a\u5143\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u617e\u671b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5283\u4e0b\u6beb\u7121\u6a21\u7cca\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u624d\u2500\u2500\u7167\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u300c\u751f\u7522\u300d\uff08produce\uff09\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u90a3\u500b\u622a\u7136\u5206\u91ce\u4e2d\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u3001\u4e0d\u9858\u3001\u4e0d\u7518\u3001\u4e0d\u80af\u6b78\u5c6c\u88ab\u6d3e\u5b9a\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff08problematic\uff09\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u9ad4\u5236\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b83\u8005\uff08other\uff09\u7684\u56b4\u5bc6\u641c\u5c0b\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5247\u5f62\u6210\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\u5728\u7e31\u8ef8\u4e0a\u6642\u6642\u627f\u53d7\u73fe\u8eab\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff08axial visibility\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6a6b\u8ef8\u4e0a\u5247\u98fd\u53d7\u5b64\u7acb\u7121\u63f4\u3001\u898b\u4e0d\u5230\u540c\u9053\u7684\u9694\u7d55\u8655\u5883\uff08lateral invisibility\uff09[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u6587\u4f01\u5716\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff08transgender, TG\uff09\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u7c4c\u5283\u4e00\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u7586\u754c\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u6d6e\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u6027\u5225\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u540d\u8a5e [12]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u4ee5\u5c0d\u53f0\u706320\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4f86\u63ed\u793a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5c0d\u4e26\u65a1\u65cb\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u6642\u6aa2\u9a57\u6027\u5225\u6b78\u5c6c\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883 [13]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u63a2\u7a76\u5c07\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5340\u5206\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u69cb\u7bc9\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5c37\u5c2c\u7121\u5948\u96e3\u582a\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u81ea\u9589\u9000\u7e2e\u4f86\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u58d3\u6291\u5247\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u60e1\u5316\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u7e2e\u6e1b\u5176\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u6821\u5712\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong> [14]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u9084\u5c0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5225\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5973\u5b69\u6216\u7537\u5b69\u6216\u5973\u4eba\u6216\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u2500<\/em>\u2500\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u8005Kate Bornstein<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u6b21\u9577\u8303\u5dfd\u7da02000\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u5728\u8449\u6c38\u8a8c\u547d\u6848\u55a7\u9a30\u534a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u7684\u5e74\u7d42\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u6642\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u3002\u767c\u8a00\u7a3f\u4e2d\u9084\u8aaa\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u672c\u90e8\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u524d\u77bb\u548c\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u4e0d\u56e0\u5176\u6027\u5225\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a5f\u6703\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u671f\u5f85\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u5e2b\u80fd\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u3001\u66f4\u958b\u653e\u3001\u4e14\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u555f\u8fea\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u8eab\u9ad4\u529b\u884c\u5169\u6027\u76f8\u8655\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5c07\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u843d\u5be6\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u6b77\u7d93\u7a2e\u7c7d\u7684\u767c\u82bd\u8301\u9577\uff0c\u80fd\u9577\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u7e7d\u7d1b\u7470\u9e97\u7684\u7f8e\u666f\u300d\uff08\u898b\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a19\u793a\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u4e0a\u7684\u66f4\u52d5\uff08\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff09\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u9059\u9059\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8072\u660e\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9858\u666f\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u64c1\u62b1\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u300c\u5169\u6027\u300d\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u8feb\u4f7f\u7121\u6578\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8017\u8cbb\u5fc3\u529b\u5728\u6821\u5712\u4e2d\u596e\u529b\u6297\u62d2\u8a00\u8a9e\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u80a2\u9ad4\u66b4\u529b\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0a\u56b4\u5b78\u7fd2\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u300c\u5169\u6027\u300d\u9ad4\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u9996\u8981\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u6df1\u523b\u8a8d\u8b58\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6821\u5712\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8996\u5169\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7c97\u66b4\u5f37\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u76f2\u9ede\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7121\u6578\u751f\u547d\u8017\u640d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u6211\u611b\u4f60<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8de8\u6027\u7d93\u9a57\u5c31\u50cf\u4e82\u502b\u7d93\u9a57\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u596a\u8d70\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u6642\u523b\u3001\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6027\u3001\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u596a\u8d70\u4e86\u5766\u8aa0\uff0c\u596a\u8d70\u4e86\u958b\u653e\u7684\u53cb\u60c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u671b\u9032\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u8207<\/em>\u75db\u82e6\u5c0d\u8996\u3002\u2500\u2500\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u4ebaRiki Anne Wilchins<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\u503c\u5f97\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027TS\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u4e2d\u9593\u505a\u4e00\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u5c31\u8b80\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027TG\u7f8e\u7a57\u6210\u9577\u5728\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u6d17\u79ae\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u627e\u5c0b\u9069\u5408\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5c0d\u8c61\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u5979\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u662f\u5973\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u5c1a\u672a\u53d6\u7528\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65e5\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7537\u8eab\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u300d\uff08male lesbian\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8a8d\u540c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u800c\u4e14\u9010\u6b65\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u8eab\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7d42\u65bc\u7529\u6389\u4e86\u300c\u7537\u8eab\u300d\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff08TG\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u64c1\u62b1\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\uff08lesbian\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002[16]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u51f8\u986f\u70ba\u90a3\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u611b\u6155\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u793e\u6703\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8cab\u7a7f\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u66f4\u9677\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u984c\uff1a\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u5c0d\u65b9\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u8207\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e0d\u5920\u767c\u9054\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u5728\u5169\u6027\u5206\u91ce\u548c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6709\u975e\u7537\u975e\u5973\u7684\u53ef\u6b32\u4e3b\u9ad4 [17]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u73fe\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u6027\u9810\u8a2d\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u88ab\u5316\u7d04\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u7684\u932f\u4e82\u2500\u2500\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u5145\u6eff\u7591\u9ede\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u72c0\u6cc1\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u52fe\u8d77\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u611b\u6200\u56de\u61c9\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u9867\u5fcc\u548c\u7126\u616e\u9042\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6709\u53e3\u96e3\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u53e3\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u5c0d\u65b9\u5728\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u5169\u6027\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u5916\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u9019\u4efd\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u83ab\u4ee5\u540d\u72c0\u7684\u9072\u7591\u9000\u7e2e\u6210\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u8def\u4e0a\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8868\u73fe [18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u6642\u5373\u4f7f\u5c0d\u65b9\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u793a\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u5e38\u5e38\u56ff\u65bc\u300c\u81ea\u77e5\u4e4b\u660e\u300d\u800c\u9072\u7591\u81ea\u615a\u3002\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u7684TS\u5982\u82b8\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u89c0\u975e\u5e38\u5973\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u79c0\u6c23\u6eab\u5a49\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7537\u751f\u5c0d\u5979\u6709\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6642\u7d04\u5979\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9080\u7d04\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u8208\ufe30<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5806\u554f\u984c\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5a5a\u5f8c\u624d\u8d70\u4e0a\u8b8a\u6027\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u5fcd\u53d7\u300c\u6b3a\u9a19\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96b1\u779e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5229\u7528\u300d\u7684\u60e1\u540d\uff0c\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u5c31\u500b\u5225\u6240\u8655\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u65a1\u65cb\u5354\u5546\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u885d\u64ca\u6574\u500b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\u3002[20]<\/strong><\/a> \u7368\u751f\u5b50\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027TS\u5c0f\u82d7\u7576\u5e74\u9806\u61c9\u7236\u6bcd\u50b3\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u601d\u6210\u5a5a\uff0c\u5a5a\u5f8c\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c0f\u82d7\u5f88\u5f97\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6240\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6085\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7e3d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u59bb\u5b50\u4e3b\u52d5\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4e14\u63a1\u53d6\u5728\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad4\u4f4d\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6027\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u62b1\u6028\u9023\u9023\u3002\u5c0f\u82d7\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u9084\u597d\u56e0\u70ba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u5206\u9694\u5169\u5730\uff0c\u76f8\u805a\u7684\u6642\u5149\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5c0f\u82d7\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7dad\u6301\u5979\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u5169\u5e74\u59bb\u5b50\u8abf\u4e86\u8077\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u300c\u5718\u5713\u300d\uff0c\u5c0f\u82d7\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u518d\u4e5f\u906e\u63a9\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u59bb\u5b50\u767c\u73fe\u5c0f\u82d7\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u5973\u88dd\u548c\u5316\u599d\u54c1\u5f8c\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u7121\u4f11\u7121\u6b62\u7684\u5922\u9b58\u3002\u5c0f\u82d7\u96d6\u7136\u627f\u8afe\u8b8a\u6027\u5f8c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u5584\u76e1\u8cac\u4efb\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7167\u9867\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52c9\u5f37\u540c\u610f\u96e2\u5a5a\u4ee5\u514d\u8b93\u59bb\u5b50\u96e3\u582a\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u727d\u626f\u5230\u6574\u500b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6028\u5fff\u7e8f\u9b25\uff0c\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7d50\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u6642\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5f15\u52d5\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u6182\u616e\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u770b\u4f86\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u6b7b\u7d50\u4e5f\u96b1\u96b1\u7684\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6295\u4e0b\u83ab\u540d\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\u5973\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u7576\u5175<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8a08\u7684\u907f\u958b\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9003\u907f\u570b\u6c11\u61c9\u76e1\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6bb5\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6839\u672c\u6253\u4e82\u5979\u5011\u6253\u9020\u65b0\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u5be6\u73fe\u771f\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027TS\u5982\u82b8\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u9858\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u754f\u61fc\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8ecd\u4e2d\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5175\u6642\u671f\u7684\u64cd\u7df4\u5c07\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u7834\u58de\u5979\u82e6\u5fc3\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u3001\u5916\u89c0\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u7d42\u7a76\u624b\u8853\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002\u5982\u82b8\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7576\u5175\u5728\u64cd\u7df4\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u6750\u90fd\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u7537\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u53bb\u505a\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u53bb\u7576\u5175\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6703\u7834\u58de\u4f60\u6574\u500b\u7dad\u6301\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8b8a\u6027\u3001\u6216\u8005\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u985e\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6d6e\u73fe\u4e5f\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u56b4\u683c\u7dad\u6301\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5175\u5f79\u5236\u5ea6\u5e36\u4f86\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6bd4\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u4f86\u5f97\u591a [25]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u66f4\u63db\u6236\u7c4d\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u9f61\u5c64\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u4f4e\u7684\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u4e5f\u7acb\u523b\u78b0\u89f8\u5230\u5f79\u7537\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u5165\u4f0d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u8208\u596e\u6709\u6b64\u6a5f\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u8f49\u63db\u4e86\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u5175\u5f79\u9ad4\u6aa2\u55ae\u4f4d\u800c\u8a00\u537b\u5e36\u4f86\u5404\u7a2e\u6216\u904e\u616e\u6216\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u806f\u60f3 [26]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u5225\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5fb5\u5175\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6642\u90fd\u6703\u7acb\u523b\u5de6\u652f\u53f3\u7d40\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u5176\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u50f5\u5316\u601d\u8003\u67b6\u69cb\u53ca\u4fb7\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u4e2d\u593e\u6bba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6642\u6642\u8b66\u60d5\u3001\u8c50\u5bcc\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6046\u4e45\u8010\u529b\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u4e8b\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u2026. –Harold Garfinkel (1967: 137) [27]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5175\u5f79\u9ad4\u6aa2\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u9022\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\uff0f\u7d14\u5316\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4f01\u5716\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u7121\u6578\u5176\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u8207\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6642\u6642\u5c01\u9396\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u500b\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u554f\uff0c\u300c\u59b3\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7537\u7684\u9084\u662f\u5973\u7684\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u7406\u4ed6\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u59b3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u7684\u9084\u662f\u5973\u7684\u554a\uff01\u300d\u6211\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u59b3\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u59b3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7537\u7684\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5973\u7684\uff1f\u300d\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\u561b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u59b3\u4e0d\u77e5\u90532\u958b\u982d\u662f\u5973\u7684\u554a\uff1f\u59b3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u59b3\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500b\u5973\u7684\u554a\uff1f\u300d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u4fc2\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u4e09\u5e74\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u99b4\u7684\u653f\u7565\u300d\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5831\u544a\uff0c2002\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\u521d\u7a3f\u9996\u5ea6\u5728\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u6703\u5e74\u6703\u300c\u91cd\u8a2a\u6771\u4e9e\u300d\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u6536\u5165\u672c\u66f8\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u8a2a\u8ac7\u65bc2000\u81f32002\u5e74\u9593\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u90fd\u9304\u97f3\u8b04\u7a3f\uff0c\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5728\u5708\u5167\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u540c\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u4ee3\u540d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u540d\u90fd\u7d93\u904e\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u53bb\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u4f9b\u8fa8\u8b58\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0f\u8eab\u5206\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7d50\u679c\u5df2\u7d93\u64b0\u5beb\u70ba\u3008\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\uff1a\u6253\u9020\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u3009\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e4b\u73fe\u5be6\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u5247\u6574\u7406\u65bc\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u8b1d\u8b1dTG\u8776\u5712\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u768420\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a2a\u8ac7\u5834\u5730\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u6b0a\u5354\u6703\u3002\u50c5\u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u737b\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u596e\u529b\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u8fd1\u5e74\u552f\u4e00\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f2000\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u9ad8\u96c4\u7e23\u9ad8\u6a39\u570b\u4e2d\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u8449\u6c38\u8a8c\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u5ec1\u6240\u96e2\u5947\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u8449\u6c38\u8a8c\u5e38\u88ab\u540c\u5b78\u53d6\u7b11\u50cf\u5973\u751f\u3001\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5f88\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u9084\u52d5\u624b\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8449\u6c38\u8a8c\u4e00\u5411\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0b\u8ab2\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u5b78\u6703\u806f\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u812b\u4ed6\u7684\u8932\u5b50\u6232\u5f04\u4ed6\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u6821\u5712\u751f\u6d3b\u6642\u5c07\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6c88\u75db\u542b\u610f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\uff1c\u9673\u4fca\u751f\u591c\u904a\u4eac\u83ef\u57ce\uff0c\u8b66\u885b\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c55\u73fe\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff1e\uff0c2002\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583115\u7248\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u548c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5169\u500b\u8a3b\u8173\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5718\u9ad4\u300cTG\u8776\u5712\u300d\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\uff1c\u5931\u300c\u771f\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u7247\u8207\u8eab\u5206\u593e\u6bba\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\uff1e\uff0c2002\u5e747\u670813\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u583115\u7248\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8521\u96c5\u5a77\u548c\u963f\u7f8e\u90fd\u662fTG\u8776\u5712\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\uff1c\u8b66\u65b9\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u516b\u5366\u5171\u72af\uff1e\uff0c2002\u5e748\u670827\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583115\u7248\u3002\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u8776\u5712\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u56e0\u70ba\u8b8a\u88dd\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5f88\u8cc7\u6df1\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u6297\u62d2\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u4fb5\u6b0a\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u672c\u8eab\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6dfa\u7684\u8776\u5712\u6210\u54e1\u66fe\u7d93\u660e\u78ba\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u8b66\u65b9\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u6050\u5687\u624b\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> 2003\u5e74\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u65b7\uff0c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u6797\u570b\u83ef\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u624b\u8853\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\u56e0\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u96e3\u800c\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u6587\u4ee52002\u5e74\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> 1995\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53cd\u4e32\u8868\u6f14\u5718\u9ad4\u300c\u7d05\u9802\u85dd\u4eba\u300d\u79df\u4e0b\u53f0\u5317\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u98ef\u5e97\u4f5c\u70ba\u8868\u6f14\u5834\u5730\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u626e\u88dd\u8868\u6f14\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u71b1\u6f6e\u904e\u5f8c\u79fb\u81f3\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6232\u9662\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u4e26\u5076\u723e\u64d4\u7db1\u53cd\u4e32\u7684\u5a5a\u7d17\u79ae\u670d\u79c0\u3002\u539f\u60f3\u5728\u5357\u90e8\u5efa\u7bc9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u6232\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u662f2003\u5e74\u521d\u4ee5\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5efa\u7167\u53ca\u71df\u696d\u57f7\u7167\u800c\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c1997\u5e74\u4e2d\u8996\u300a\u5929\u624dbang bang bang\u300b\u7bc0\u76ee\u9996\u5275\uff1c\u4e16\u7d00\u7f8e\u7537\u5b50\uff1e\u55ae\u5143\uff0c\u7531\u7537\u6027\u8b8a\u88dd\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u6bd4\u8cfd\u6b4c\u821e\u624d\u85dd\uff0c\u6536\u8996\u7387\u8d85\u8d8a\u9ec3\u91d1\u6a94\u7bc0\u76ee\uff1b\u53f0\u8996\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u7d05\u4e0d\u8b93\u300b\u96a8\u5373\u958b\u95e2\uff1c\u8b8a\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u8b8a\u8b8a\u8b8a\uff1e\u55ae\u5143\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u8b8a\u88dd\u79c0\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8b8a\u88dd\u8868\u6f14\u5f8c\u8b93\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u56de\u5fa9\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u88dd\u626e\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8b8a\u88dd\u79c0\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6c23\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u8f3f\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u53cd\u4e32\u79c0\u932f\u4e82\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6027\u5225\u89c0\uff0c\u5ee3\u96fb\u8655\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u5207\u300d\u548c\u7f70\u91d1\u7d42\u65bc\u8feb\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u5143\u88ab\u64a4\u6389\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u5927\u8cfd\u3001\u731c\u8b0e\u904a\u6232\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u6709\u7dda\u96fb\u8996\u53f0\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0d\u6642\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u8b8a\u88dd\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u4ee5\u5176\u5947\u89c0\u8868\u6f14\u4f86\u4f54\u9818\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> 1996\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583124\u7248\uff1c\u626e\u88dd\u98a8\u66b4\u5e2d\u6372\u53f0\u7063\uff1e\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u8aa0\u54c1\u66f8\u5e97\u6566\u5357\u5e97\u5916\u8857\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u626e\u88dd\u98a8\u66b4\u300d\u665a\u6703\u79c0\uff0c\u96c6\u7d50\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u570b\u7acb\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u751f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u767d\u96ea\u7d9c\u85dd\u5718\u3001\u5efa\u4e2d\u6232\u5287\u793e\u6821\u53cb\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7d05\u7dbe\u91d1\u7c89\u5287\u85dd\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f0\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7c89\u7d05\u8ff7\u5bae\u6232\u5287\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u7576\u6642\u8b8a\u88dd\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5404\u500b\u6821\u5712\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6c23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u5728\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u662f\u5275\u610f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u6982\u90fd\u7528\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u4f86\u6307\u7a31\u30021997\u5e746\u670813\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u5831\u4ee5\u534a\u7248\u7bc7\u5e45\u520a\u51fa\uff1c\u4e5d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u4e0d\u7537\u4e0d\u5973\uff1e\uff0c\u5716\u6587\u4e26\u8302\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff1a\u300c\u4e5d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u500b\u517c\u5bb9\u4e26\u84c4\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6216\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u3001\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u6216\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u7537\u7684\u5973\u7684\u3001\u5404\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u2026\u90fd\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u4eba\u7a2e\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u7fd2\u6163\u5c07\u7537\u626e\u5973\u88dd\u7684\u9152\u5e97\u7a31\u4f5c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u6642\u5c1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c<\/strong>\u6d41\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u65b9\u767b\u6137\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4fb7\u9650\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5<\/strong>\u300d\uff08\u9ed1\u9ad4\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u6240\u52a0\uff09\u30021998\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583135\u7248\u4e5f\u7528\u5168\u7248\u520a\u767b\uff1c\u5996\u5b08\u8207\u967d\u525b\u517c\u5099\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u6642\u5c1a\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\uff1e\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6642\u5c1a\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u5546\u696d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u632a\u7528\u81f3\u5c11\u70ba\u66d6\u6627\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7586\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u82e5\u662f\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6027\u5225\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\uff08political correctness\uff09\u8da8\u52e2\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6027\u5225\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6ecb\u990a\u4e0b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684\u520a\u7269\u300a\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bcT\u5a46\u89d2\u8272\u4e2d\u860a\u6db5\u7684\uff08\u7570\u6027\u6200\uff09\u6027\u5225\u542b\u610f\u591a\u6709\u5fae\u8a5e\uff0c\u5c0d\u967d\u525b\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8868\u73fe\u6709\u7570\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u9ad8\u8209\u300c\u4e0d\u5206\u300d\u70ba\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u51fa\u6ac3\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9670\u67d4\u5f62\u8c61\u7684CCGay\uff08sissy gay\uff09\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u5927\u52a0\u64bb\u4f10\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u4ed6\u5011\u5370\u8b49\u4e86\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u30022000\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u8209\u8fa6\u540c\u73a9\u7bc0\u6642\uff0c\u626e\u88dd\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5927\u81bd\u73fe\u8eab\u7372\u5f97\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u53ea\u6562\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u5927\u8ac7\u51fa\u6ac3\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8aaa\u626e\u88dd\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7fa4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u90fd\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97LGBT\u540c\u5fd7\u9023\u7dda\u6191\u6dfb\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction<\/em>, Trans. by Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1978), 200.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u76f8\u95dc\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u6211\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u985e\u548c\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u6587\u5c0d\u53d7\u8a2a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6a19\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u672c\u4eba\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff1c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff1a\u6253\u9020\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff1e\uff08\u4ea6\u6536\u5165\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff09\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5e7d\u9748\u300d\u4e00\u7bc0\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u60f3\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u91ab\u7642\u8a3a\u65b7\u66f8\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u540c\u610f\u66f8\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9032\u884c\u5916\u79d1\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\u6399\u624e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u91ab\u75c5\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u6478\u7d22\u6e9d\u901a\u66f4\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u842c\u5206\u8907\u96dc\u654f\u611f\u7684\u60c5\u7d50\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c07\u7559\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5340\u9694\u5206\u660e\u7684\u5834\u57df\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u70ba\u96e3\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u4ee5\u884c\u8d70\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u6642\u7d93\u5e38\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5ec1\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u5fae\u5999\u4e5f\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\uff1c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\ufe30\u6253\u9020\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff1e\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity<\/em> (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963), 87.<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u65e2\u91cd\u758a\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u62d2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u8209\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5e36\u4f86\u526a\u4e0d\u65b7\u7406\u9084\u4e82\u7684\u60c5\u7d50\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u5e36\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u967d\u525b\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u8207\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7586\u754c\u6230\u722d\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u6709\u8b58\u8005\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u662f\u8ab0\u7684\u967d\u525b\u5411\u7236\u6b0a\u8f38\u8aa0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u54ea\u500b\u500b\u5225\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u61c9\u8a72\u5c6c\u65bc\u54ea\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u7537\u975e\u5973\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6709\u8457\u4f55\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e00\u822c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u53e6\u985e\u7684\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u8cea\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u53cd\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u9177\u5152\u904b\u52d5\u4e32\u9023\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7236\u6b0a\u6536\u7de8\uff08Halberstam 1998: 141-173\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u8ff7\u6200\u548c\u6df1\u60c5\u5012\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c11\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u9010\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u96b1\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u611b\u4fb6\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u6d6e\u4e0a\u53f0\u9762\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u6279\uff08\u56e0\u300c\u95dc\u9023\u300d\u800c\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5167\u7684\uff09\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\uff08\u53c3\u898bCalifia 1997: 196-220\uff09\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8ff7\u6200\u96d6\u7136\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff08\u5f9e\u694a\u9e97\u82b1\u3001\u51cc\u6ce2\u3001\u5230\u5b6b\u7fe0\u9cf3\u6240\u6380\u52d5\u7684\u65cb\u98a8\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u8457\u540d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u6797\u570b\u83ef\u57281993\u5e74\u9084\u5728\u4e0a\u5de5\u5c08\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u6697\u6200\u73ed\u4e0a\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u540c\u5b78\uff0c\u60f3\u76e1\u8fa6\u6cd5\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c0d\u65b9\uff0c\u9084\u66ff\u5c0d\u65b9\u6253\u6383\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d42\u65bc\u9f13\u8d77\u52c7\u6c23\u5411\u5c0d\u65b9\u793a\u610f\uff0c\u9019\u540d\u7537\u751f\u7adf\u5687\u5f97\u8f49\u5b78\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6797\u570b\u83ef\u5927\u53d7\u6253\u64ca\uff08\uff1c\u6797\u570b\u83ef\u6a61\u76ae\u7b4b\u7d81\u86cb\u86cb\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u4e0d\u6210\u5c62\u81ea\u6bba\uff1e\uff0c 1998\u5e7411\u670822-28\u65e5\u300a\u7368\u5bb6\u5831\u5c0e\u300b537\u671f19-21\u9801\uff09\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6232\u5287\u6027\u53cd\u61c9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u60c5\u610f\u8868\u9054\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u72c0\u614b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u50f9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u5728\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u662f\u9069\u61c9\u826f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u53d6\u7de0\u8c54\u821e\u6642\u902e\u6355\u5169\u540d\u5973\u6027\u821e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6aa2\u9a57\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7adf\u662f\u7537\u626e\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u90a3\u4f4d\u821e\u5b43\u76f8\u77e5\u4e09\u500b\u6708\u4e5f\u4e00\u540c\u5171\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u77e5\u5979\u662f\u7537\u5152\u8eab\uff08\uff1c\u6df7\u8de1\u82b1\u53e2\u7121\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u59d0\u5152\u4fcf\u5927\u8df3\u8c54\u821e\uff0c\u54ce\u5537\u5582\u5979\u662f\u7537\u4eba\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u665a\u58315\u7248\uff09\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u7af9\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u793a\u4e00\u540d\u5354\u5c0b\u5230\u6848\u8005\u9001\u5165\u65b0\u7af9\u770b\u5b88\u6240\u6642\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u540d\u9577\u9aee\u62ab\u80a9\u3001\u81c9\u4e0a\u5316\u599d\u3001\u8209\u6b62\u5b0c\u5a9a\u7684\u5acc\u72af\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u767b\u8a18\u7684\u7adf\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u767c\u73fe\u5979\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u9032\u5165\u9ad8\u96c4\u5c11\u5e74\u89c0\u8b77\u6240\u52d2\u6212\u6642\u4fbf\u56e0\u70ba\u5fc3\u614b\u8209\u6b62\u5747\u8da8\u8fd1\u5973\u6027\u800c\u88ab\u7279\u51c6\u6536\u5bb9\u65bc\u5973\u6240\u3002\u800c\u6848\u767c\u6642\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u53cb\u548c\u5979\u540c\u5c45\u5169\u5e74\u9918\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u77e5\u5979\u662f\u7537\u5152\u8eab\uff08\uff1c\u5973\u88dd\u7537\u516c\u95dc\u912d\u535a\u6587\u53c8\u56de\u7c60\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58319\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u68d8\u624b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8655\u7406\u614b\u5ea6\u50be\u5411\u52d9\u5be6\u3002\u6578\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u9673\u5148\u751f\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u54e5\u904e\u4e16\u5f8c\u70ba\u4e86\u7167\u9867\u5927\u5ac2\u53ca\u5e7e\u540d\u5b69\u5b50\u800c\u5a36\u4e86\u5176\u5ac2\u70ba\u59bb\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u5b8c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u5973\u5152\u8eab\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u7d50\u5a5a\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u5979\u5411\u6236\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u7533\u8acb\u628a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u66f4\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u7d93\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u73fe\u884c\u6c11\u6cd5\u7b2c973\u689d\u3001980\u689d\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4fc2\u4ee5\u7d42\u8eab\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u300c\u4e00\u7537\u4e00\u5973\u300d\u9069\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7d50\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6709\u540c\u6027\u76f8\u5a5a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b58\u7e8c\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u300c\u540c\u6027\u7d50\u5a5a\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5247\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6709\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5176\u8840\u89aa\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\uff08\uff1c\u70cf\u9f8d\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u9580\u8da3\u4e8b\u591a\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e742\u67085\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58318\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> 1998\u5e74\u82d7\u6817\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u7f85\u7152\u8431\u73fe\u8eab\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6642\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u61b2\u5175\u90e8\u968a\u670d\u5f79\u6642\u56e0\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u8209\u6b62\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u7761\u5927\u901a\u92ea\u6642\u9084\u66fe\u88ab\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u5b78\u9577\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5176\u624b\u9a37\u64fe\u5979\uff08\uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u5e6b\u5979\u627e\u56de\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6625\uff1e\uff0c1998\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58317\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\u4e0d\u6b78\u8def\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u58317\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \uff1c14\u6b72\u9999\u5cb1\u5152\u731b\u6522\u9322\u7b49\u8b8a\u6027\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u58313\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u5df2\u7d93\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u660e\u986f\uff08\uff1c\u55f2\u55f2\u7684\u5f79\u7537\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u665a\u58315\u7248\u3002\uff09\u9daf\u6b4c\u5730\u5340\u4e00\u4f4d\u9752\u5e74\u624b\u6301\u9686\u4e73\u624b\u8853\u91ab\u5e2b\u8b49\u660e\u524d\u5f80\u53f0\u5317\u7e23\u5175\u5f79\u5c40\u9673\u60c5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u5224\u514d\u5f79\u9ad4\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u9084\u5728\u7b49\u5019\u9670\u8396\u622a\u9664\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u60f3\u5230\u8981\u548c\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7570\u6027\u540c\u98df\u5171\u5be2\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\uff08\uff1c\u7537\u4e0d\u7537\uff0c\u5973\u4e0d\u5973\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u53bb\u7576\u5175\uff1e\uff0c 1999\u5e745\u670830\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58318\u7248\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u4e2d\u5730\u5340\u5f79\u7537\u958b\u5fb5\u6642\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u5973\u6027\u50be\u5411\u7684\u5f79\u7537\uff0c\u7559\u9577\u9aee\uff0c\u80f8\u90e8\u8c50\u6eff\uff0c\u8aaa\u8a71\u55f2\u8072\u55f2\u6c23\uff0c\u7a7f\u88d9\u5b50\u8207\u9ad8\u8ddf\u978b\u53d7\u6aa2\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u812b\u6389\u4e0a\u8863\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6253\u5973\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u592a\u8cb4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u9084\u5728\u7b49\u5019\u5230\u6cf0\u570b\u52d5\u624b\u8853\u8b8a\u6027\uff08\uff1c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5f79\u7537\u958b\u5fb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a7f\u88d9\u5b50\u4f86\u9ad4\u6aa2\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u58317\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u4ee5\u65bd\u884c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u8457\u7a31\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u5317\u69ae\u7e3d\u91cd\u5efa\u6574\u5f62\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u65b9\u69ae\u714c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u52301999\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8646\u4ef6\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u624b\u8853\u4ee5\u53ca100\u4ef6\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u624b\u8853\uff081999\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u81ea\u7acb\u665a\u58314\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> 1995\u5e74\u65b0\u7af9\u5730\u5340\u8fa6\u7406\u5175\u5f79\u9ad4\u6aa2\u6642\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\u4e09\u4f4d\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e09\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5973\u6027\u6027\u5fb5\u4ecd\u96b1\u7d04\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u8ecd\u91ab\u5c40\u8a8d\u70ba\u670d\u5f79\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u300c\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u6545\u6279\u51c6\u514d\u5f79\uff08\uff1c\u5973\u751f\u8b8a\u7537\u751f\u592a\u51f8\u51fa\uff0c\u514d\u7576\u963f\u5175\u54e5\uff1e\uff0c1995\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58317\u7248\uff09\u3002\u5609\u7fa9\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u50b3\u51fa\u4e00\u8d77\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u56e0\u5175\u5f79\u554f\u984c\u7533\u8acb\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u5f8c\uff0c\u6236\u7c4d\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u53ca\u6642\u901a\u77e5\u5175\u5f79\u79d1\u4e00\u4f75\u8655\u7406\u5176\u5175\u5f79\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8981\u51fa\u570b\u65c5\u904a\u6642\u56e0\u5175\u5f79\u554f\u984c\u800c\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d93\u904e\u9ad4\u4f4d\u8907\u6aa2\u624d\u5224\u5b9a\u4e01\u7b49\u9ad4\u4f4d\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u514d\u5f79\u8b49\u660e\uff08\uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u8981\u51fa\u570b\uff0c\u6d77\u95dc\u524d\u88ab\u6514\u4e0b\uff1e\uff0c 1999\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u583119\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Harold Garfinkel\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5f15\u53e5\u4e2d\u6240\u8ac7\u7684\u77c7\u6df7\uff08passing\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u6c11\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u300d\uff08ethnomethodology\uff09\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0a\u3002\u201dAgnes\u201d\u65bc1951\u5e74\u5230UCLA\u5c0b\u6c42\u5fc3\u7406\u8a55\u4f30\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u63a5\u53d7Robert Stoller, Alexander Rosen\u4ee5\u53caHarold Garfinkel\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u55ae\u55aeGarfinkel\u5c31\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e8635\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u8a73\u8ac7\u9304\u97f3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u90fd\u8b49\u5be6Agnes\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u751f\u7684intersexual\uff08\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff0c\u4fd7\u7a31\u9670\u967d\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u65bc\u624b\u8853\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u624b\u8853\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0cAgnes\u5411Stoller\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u5176\u5be6\u5f9e12\u6b72\u8d77\u5c31\u5077\u5077\u670d\u7528\u5973\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\uff0c\u90a3\u770b\u4f3c\u5929\u751f\u7684\u96d9\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u5176\u5be6\u662f7\u5e74\u7684\u8377\u723e\u8499\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u7ffb\u8f49\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u4ee5\u9644\u9304\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6536\u5165Garfinkel\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u3002\u900f\u904e\u548cAgnes\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff0cGarfinkel\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u6027\u5225\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u4f55\u71df\u9020\u51fa\u7537\u3001\u5973\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6210\u5c31\uff08Kessler and McKenna, 1978: 112-115\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5e38\u6c11\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e5f\u63ed\u9732\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u65e5\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u8aaa\u8a5e\u4f86\u7d93\u71df\u7a69\u5b9a\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6bcf\u65e5\u5982\u4f55\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08doing gender\uff09\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u555f\u767c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u5e38\u5e38\u56e0\u70ba\u516c\u52d9\u51fa\u570b\u7684\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027TG\u5c0f\u4f73\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9019\u985e\u7d93\u904e\u6d77\u95dc\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

J\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u8b77\u7167\u7167\u7247\u6211\u662f\u7406\u5149\u982d\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u904e\u6d77\u95dc\u7684\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u628a\u982d\u9aee\u7559\u5230\u80a9\u8180\u90a3\u9ebc\u9577\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u7a7f\u897f\u88dd\u3002\u6d77\u95dc\u770b\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u7ffb\u4f60\u7684visa\uff0c\u641e\u4e86\u8001\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u59b3\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u6775\u5728\u90a3\u908a\u4e00\u76f4\u8b93\u4ed6\u770b\u3002\u597d\u50cf\u59b3\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u8cea\u7591\u4ed6\uff0c\u88dd\u5f97\u6108\u50bb\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u904e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\uff1a\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u554f\u59b3\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7537\u662f\u5973\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

J\uff1a\u5c0d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u7d66\u59b3\u5de6\u6253\u91cf\u53f3\u6253\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u82b1\u6389\u597d\u4e45\uff0c\u90a3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6392\u8457\u968a\uff0c\u770b\u8457\u59b3\u5728\u90a3\u908a\u88ab\u770b\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u90fd\u6c92\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u773c\u5149\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u8db3\u4ee5\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u523a\u5165\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u5c0f\u5a01\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u63aa\u8a5e\u4e0a\u7d93\u904e\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u8003\u91cf\ufe30\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u96d9\u6027\u6200\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u807d\u5230\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c31\u6703\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8aaa\u4f60\u662f\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u9084\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u9ede\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3002\u300d\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u500b\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u61c2\u5f97\u7684\u300c\u9670\u967d\u4eba\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u8a55\u4f30\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u4efd\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u914c\u60c5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u8eab\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u300c\u5929\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7576\u7136\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> 2000\u5e74\u5967\u65af\u5361\u91d1\u50cf\u734e\u6700\u4f73\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u5f97\u734e\u8005Hilary Swank\u5728\u62cd\u651d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u771f\u5be6\u6545\u4e8b\u7247\u300a\u7537\u5b69\u5225\u54ed\u300b\uff08Boys Don\u2019t Cry\uff09\u4e00\u7247\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u526a\u9aee\u3001\u7d81\u80f8\u3001\u585e\u8de8\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u88dd\u7537\u5f62\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u3002\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5979\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u8eab\u65c1\u7684\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5979\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u5c0d\u5979\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u8b93\u5979\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u5fc3\u300d\uff08\uff1c\u5e0c\u62c9\u854a\u53f2\u6eab\u514b\u70ba\u6232\u8b8a\u6027\uff1e\uff0c 2000\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583127\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u5609\u7fa9\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u6c11\u4e8b\u5ead\u88c1\u5b9a\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u6536\u990a\u5b50\u5973\u6848\uff0c\u85dd\u540d\u300c\u937e\u73b2\u300d\u7684\u5f35\u5bb6\u83f1\u722d\u53d6\u6536\u990a\u516d\u500b\u6708\u5927\u7537\u5b30\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u8a8d\u70ba\u7537\u5b30\u6bcd\u89aa\u5728\u76e3\u670d\u5211\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u53bb\u5411\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u5f35\u5bb6\u83f1\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u5bb6\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u4e26\u627f\u8afe\u5354\u52a9\u7167\u8b77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u53ef\u5f35\u5bb6\u83f1\u6536\u990a\u9019\u540d\u7537\u5b30\uff08\uff1c\u300c\u5abd\u5abd\u300d\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u5168\u529b\u64ab\u990a\u4ed6\u9577\u5927\uff1e\uff0c2001\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58318\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u5728\u69ae\u7e3d\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u4f4d\u539f\u751f\u5973\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u4f4d\u539f\u751f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u6700\u5f8c\u8993\u5f97\u826f\u7de3\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8981\u80b2\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u662f\u4ef6\u96e3\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8b8a\u6027\u524d\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u8207\u7570\u6027\u767c\u751f\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u5f8c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7522\u7cbe\u5b50\u3001\u5375\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u5728\u8853\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4fdd\u7559\u7cbe\u5b50\u3001\u5375\u5b50\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65e5\u5f8c\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u53d7\u7cbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u80b2\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u3002\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b55\u75c7\u91ab\u5e2b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e8b\u524d\u51b0\u5b58\u5375\u5b50\u3001\u89e3\u51cd\u5f8c\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u53d7\u5b55\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u4f8b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u89e3\u51cd\u5f8c\u7684\u5375\u5b50\u54c1\u8cea\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u7cbe\u5b50\u5148\u884c\u51b0\u5b58\u3001\u65e5\u5f8c\u53d7\u5b55\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08\uff1c\u9cf3\u51f0\u8b8a2\u5973\u91ab\u5e2b\u559c\u7d50\u9023\u7406\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u58313\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564(2002).\u00a0 \uff1c\u5931\u300c\u771f\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u7247\u8207\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u593e\u6bba\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\uff1e\uff0c7\u670813\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u583115\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564(2002).\u00a0 \uff1c\u6b63\u8996\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u516b\u5366\u5171\u72af\uff1e\uff0c8\u670827\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583115\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564(2002).\u00a0 \uff1c\u9673\u4fca\u751f\u591c\u904a\u4eac\u83ef\u57ce\uff0c\u8b66\u885b\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c55\u73fe\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff1e\uff0c5\u670822\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583115\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564(2002).\u00a0 \uff1c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\uff1a\u6253\u9020\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff1e\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b46\u671f1-44\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Bolin, Anne (1994).\u00a0 \u201cTranscending and Transgendering: Male-to-Female Transsexuals, Dichotomy and Diversity.\u201d\u00a0 In G. Herdt (ed.), Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Zone Books.\u00a0 447-486.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bornstein, Kate (1994).\u00a0 Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Vintage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Butler, Judith (1990).\u00a0 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 New York: Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Califia, Pat (1997).\u00a0 Sex Changes: The Politics of Transgenderism<\/em>.\u00a0 San Francisco: Cleis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foucault, Michel (1978).\u00a0 History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction<\/em>.\u00a0 Trans. by Robert Hurley.\u00a0 New York: Vintage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Garfinkel, H (1967).\u00a0 Studies in Ethnomethodology<\/em>.\u00a0 Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.<\/span><\/p>\n

Goffman, Erving (1963). \u00a0Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Simon & Schuster.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halberstam, Judith (1998).\u00a0 Female Masculinity.<\/em>\u00a0 Durham, NC: Duke UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kessler, Suzanne J. & Wendy McKenna (1978).\u00a0 Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach<\/em>.\u00a0 Chicago: U of Chicago P.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rubin, Henry S. (1999).\u00a0 \u201cTrans Studies: Between Metaphysics of Presence and Absence.\u201d\u00a0 Reclaiming Genders: Transsexual Grammars at the Fin de Siecle<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Cassell.\u00a0 173-192.<\/span><\/p>\n

Weeks, Jeffrey.\u00a0 \u201cThe Sexual Citizen.\u201d \u00a0Love and Eroticism<\/em>.\u00a0 Ed. By Mike Featherstone. \u00a0London: Sage, 1999.\u00a0 35-52.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wilchins, Riki Anne (1997).\u00a0 Read My Lips: Sexual Subversion and the End of Gender<\/em>.\u00a0 Ithaca, NY: Firebrand.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c14\u6b72\u9999\u5cb1\u5152\u731b\u6522\u9322\u7b49\u8b8a\u6027\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u58313\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u4e5d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u7406\u76f4\u6c23\u58ef\u4e0d\u7537\u4e0d\u5973\uff1e\uff0c 1997\u5e746\u670813\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u583135\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u5973\u751f\u8b8a\u7537\u751f\u592a\u51f8\u51fa\uff0c\u514d\u7576\u963f\u5175\u54e5\uff1e\uff0c1995\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58317\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u5973\u88dd\u7537\u516c\u95dc\u912d\u535a\u6587\u53c8\u56de\u7c60\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58319\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5f79\u7537\u958b\u5fb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a7f\u88d9\u5b50\u4f86\u9ad4\u6aa2\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u58317\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u540c\u6027\u7d50\u5a5a\u65bc\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bb9\uff1e\uff0c 2000\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58318\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u5996\u5b08\u8207\u967d\u525b\u517c\u5099\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u6642\u5c1a\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\uff1e\uff0c1998\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583135\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u5e0c\u62c9\u854a\u53f2\u6eab\u514b\u70ba\u6232\u8b8a\u6027\uff1e\uff0c 2000\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583127\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u626e\u88dd\u98a8\u66b4\u5e2d\u6372\u53f0\u7063\uff1e\uff0c 1996\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583124\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u7537\u5b50\u53cd\u4e32\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\uff1e\uff0c1998\u5e744\u67086\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u583116\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u7537\u4e0d\u7537\uff0c\u5973\u4e0d\u5973\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u53bb\u7576\u5175\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e745\u670830\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58318\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u70cf\u9f8d\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u9580\u8da3\u4e8b\u591a\uff1e\uff0c 2000\u5e742\u67085\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u6df7\u8de1\u82b1\u53e2\u7121\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u59d0\u5152\u4fcf\u5927\u8df3\u8c54\u821e\uff0c\u54ce\u5537\u5582\u5979\u662f\u7537\u4eba\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u665a\u583115\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u300c\u5abd\u5abd\u300d\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u5168\u529b\u64ab\u990a\u4ed6\u9577\u5927\uff1e\uff0c2001\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58318\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u55f2\u55f2\u7684\u5f79\u7537\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff1e\uff0c1999\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u665a\u58315\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u96cc\u96c4\u83ab\u8fa8\uff0c\u6709\u8acb\u6cd5\u91ab\u9a57\u8eab\uff1e\uff0c 1999\u5e743\u67087\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u58318\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u9cf3\u51f0\u8b8a2\u5973\u91ab\u5e2b\u559c\u7d50\u9023\u7406\uff1e\uff0c 2000\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u58313\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u8981\u51fa\u570b\uff0c\u6d77\u95dc\u524d\u88ab\u6514\u4e0b\uff1e\uff0c 1999\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u583119\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\u4e0d\u6b78\u8def\uff1e\uff0c2000\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u58317\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u8b8a\u6027\u5e6b\u5979\u627e\u56de\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6625\uff1e\uff0c 1998\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u58317\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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