{"id":2487,"date":"2009-01-03T10:14:36","date_gmt":"2009-01-03T02:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2487"},"modified":"2021-07-03T11:22:21","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T03:22:21","slug":"%e6%ba%ab%e6%83%85%e8%88%87%e9%a9%9a%e9%a7%ad%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%88%ba%e9%9d%92%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e8%88%87%e9%9a%8e%e7%b4%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%8d%e7%a7%bb-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2009\/01\/%e6%ba%ab%e6%83%85%e8%88%87%e9%a9%9a%e9%a7%ad%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%88%ba%e9%9d%92%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e8%88%87%e9%9a%8e%e7%b4%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%8d%e7%a7%bb-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6eab\u60c5\u8207\u9a5a\u99ed\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4f4d\u79fb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u662f\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\uff08\u665a\u671f\uff0f\u5f8c\uff09\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u69cb\u2500\u2500\u8b8a\u8eab\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u8089\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u521d\u7a3f\u3008\u4e16\u4fd7\u8207\u9a5a\u99ed\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3009\u65bc2009\u5e74\u5143\u67083-4\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u6703\u5e74\u6703\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5ba3\u8b80[1]<\/a>\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u53c3\u770b\u9644\u6a94\u7684\u520a\u51fapdf\u6a94\u6848\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981<\/u>\uff1a\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u6d6e\u73fe\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9472\u5d01\u5728\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u69cb\u601d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4e3b\u9ad4\u591a\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u5927\u5b97\uff0c\u6240\u5ea7\u843d\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u7d50\u69cb\u7e3d\u662f\u5927\u773e\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8173\u672c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u5176\u5be6\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u300c\u5973\u6027\u5316\u300d\u8da8\u52e2\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3001\u5716\u6848\u3001\u90e8\u4f4d\u3001\u9762\u7a4d\u3001\u54c1\u5473\u4e0a\u5e36\u4f86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3001\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\u3001\u67d4\u7f8e\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u968e\u7d1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6297\u62d2\u6eab\u60c5\u9670\u67d4\u3001\u5805\u6301\u51f8\u986f\u967d\u525b\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u9a5a\u99ed\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u5ea6\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73fe\u5411\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8207\u504f\u5dee\u72af\u7f6a\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5e95\u5c64\u523a\u9752\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5247\u662f\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u4ee5\u7a4d\u6975\u96c6\u7d50\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5c08\u696d\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u6253\u9020\u5a92\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u7b49\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6975\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8f49\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u884c\u696d\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u8da8\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u5e36\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u5f9e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c31\u9678\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u8b8a\u8eab\uff0f\u4fee\u8eab\u300d\uff08body modification\uff09\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u5f9e\u523a\u9752\u3001\u7a7f\u6d1e\uff0f\u9ad4\u74b0[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3001\u75a4\u7d0b[3]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5230\u88c2\u820c[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u3001\u5023\u7378[5]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u8272\uff08\u5982\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u73bb\u91cc\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u3001\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\uff09\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u908a\u7de3\u5c0f\u773e\u6b21\u6587\u5316\uff08\u96fb\u97f3\u65cf\u3001SM\u65cf\u3001\u6a61\u81a0\uff0f\u4e73\u81a0\uff0fPVC\u65cf\u7b49\u7b49[6]<\/strong><\/a>\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u64f4\u6563\u6d6e\u73fe\uff08Pitts, 2003: 3-4\uff09\uff0c\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e3b\u9ad4\u500b\u5225\u6027\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u908a\u7de3\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u7ba1\u9053\u66f4\u50ac\u52d5\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7f8e\u5b78\u54c1\u5473\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u6563\u5168\u7403\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u8eab\uff0f\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u8996\u5176\u70ba\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u8b8a\u9077\u4e0b\u52de\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u8f49\u70ba\u617e\u671b\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u8da8\u52e2\uff08Turner, 1996, 1997, 1999: 2\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u8eab\u9ad4\u5728\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6210\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u5c55\u73fe\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5927\u696d\uff08Giddens 1991: 99\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u627f\u53d7\u591a\u65b9\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5c0f\u773e\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u6211\u653e\u9010\u7684\u8868\u9054\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08Hebdige 1979: 2\uff09\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5c0d\u65bc\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u6539\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u6b63\u96a8\u8457\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u800c\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u8eab\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u76ee\u524d\u6563\u5e03\u6700\u5ee3\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u300c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7576\u4e0b\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u6280\u8853\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u8e8d\u9032[7]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u8ffd\u6eaf\u7d0b\u8eab\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5167\u6db5\u8207\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002Halnon\u548cCohen\u5728\u64f4\u5927\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5e95\u5c64\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u300c\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u300d\uff08gentrification\uff09\u73fe\u8c61\u6642\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u5065\u8eab\u3001\u62c9\u98a8\u6a5f\u8eca\u6f2b\u904a\uff08\u6b64\u523b\u6050\u6015\u9700\u8981\u6539\u70ba\u540d\u724c\u81ea\u884c\u8eca\uff09\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u7b49\u7b49\u904e\u53bb\u5c6c\u65bc\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u90fd\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\uff082006: 35-36\uff09\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u5bb6\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u3001\u5c55\u89bd\u3001\u6703\u8b70\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5e36\u6709\u968e\u7d1a\u542b\u610f\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u7f8e\u5b78\u64cd\u4f5c\u300d\u2500\u2500\u7b49\u7b49\u5916\u4f86\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u4f86\u908a\u7de3\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u6a19\u8a18\uff082006: 37\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u65b9\u523a\u9752\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u6d41\u51fa\u7248\u696d\u548c\u9ad8\u7709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d89\u5165\uff0c\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u5d01\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08Halnon 2002: 511; Halnon & Cohen 2006: 47-48\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u7d0b\u8eab\u8207\u7f6a\u72af\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u6163\u5e38\u806f\u60f3\u3002Halnon\u548cCohen\u5c07\u6b64\u7a2e\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u900f\u904e\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u632a\u7528\u6539\u9020\u628a\u539f\u4f86\u5c6c\u65bc\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5e95\u5c64\u6587\u5316\u7684\u300c\u63a0\u596a\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0b\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u865f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u7269\u5316\u3001\u6de8\u5316\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u77ed\u66ab\u6d41\u901d\u7684\u98a8\u5c1a\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5df2\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5316\u8f49\u578b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u8f2a\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u63a0\u596a[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f86\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u3001\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\u3001\u6642\u5c1a\u5316\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u9ed1\u9053\u5316\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u55ae\u5411\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u63a0\u596a\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\uff1b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f4d\u79fb\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u52d5\u529b\u5176\u5be6\u9817\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u617e\u671b\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u672c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6027\u5225\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u570b\u65cf\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7b49\u7b49\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u540c\u6642\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u672c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u696d\u8005\u591a\u534a\u5bc4\u8eab\u8001\u820a\u57ce\u5340\u7684\u8001\u820a\u7d9c\u5408\u5927\u6a13\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u6975\u5c11\u5448\u73fe\u7279\u5b9a\u5e97\u540d\uff0c\u50c5\u4ee5\u4e0d\u751a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u62db\u724c\u66f8\u5beb\u300c\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f4e\u8abf\u800c\u96b1\u7d04\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5247\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u696d\u8005\u5165\u99d0\u90fd\u6703\u71b1\u9580\u5546\u5708\u548c\u591c\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u4e4b\u8655[10]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u62db\u724c\u5927\u800c\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a4d\u6975\u4eae\u51fa\u5404\u6709\u7279\u8272\u548c\u9738\u6c23\u7684\u5e97\u540d\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u5f37\u70c8\u54c1\u724c\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6a19\u793a\u5e2b\u9580\uff08\u5982\u6a21\u4eff\u65e5\u672c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e97\u540d\u7684\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u5bb6\u65cf\u523a\u9752\u5e97\uff09\uff1b\u6709\u4ee5\u5c08\u696d\u547d\u540d\uff08\u5982\u523a\u5ba2\u5c71\u838a\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u666f\u9ede\u5730\u540d\u639b\u5e25\uff08\u5982\u96f7\u9580\u3001\u6a6b\u6ff1\uff09\uff1b\u6709\u4ee5\u795e\u7955\u8073\u52d5\u7acb\u610f\uff08\u5982\u9b3c\u9b45\u3001\u9b45\u5f71\u3001\u82b1\u9b41\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u610f\u8c61\u97fb\u5473\uff08\u5982\u8a60\u58a8\u3001\u84bc\u9f8d\u3001\u591c\u884c\u3001\u5275\u4e16\u3001\u8056\u75d5\u3001\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u4fe1\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\u7684\u5e97\u540d\uff0c\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6c23\u9b44\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u696d\u8005\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6210\u9577\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u58d3\u529b\u30022003\u5e74\u696d\u8005\u66fe\u4f30\u8a08\u53f0\u7063\u6bcf1500\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u7a0d\u5f8c\u53e6\u4e00\u6709\u95dc\u5f79\u7537\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u5e74\u8f15\u7537\u6027\u8fd1\u5e74\u523a\u9752\u4eba\u6578\u5448\u500d\u6578\u589e\u52a0[11]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u6578\u6301\u7e8c\u6210\u9577\u5df2\u8d85\u904e\u7537\u6027[12]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6027\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u61c9\u8a72\u9817\u70ba\u53ef\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u9ed1\u9053\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9298\u8a18\u91cd\u5927\u751f\u6d3b\u8f49\u6298\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u8ffd\u6c42\u6642\u5c1a\u500b\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6a19\u8a18[13]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ffd\u96a8Anthony Giddens\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u628a\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u523a\u9752\u8996\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u500b\u6027\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\uff1a\u300c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5411\u8457\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u958b\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5354\u5546\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u300d\uff08Pitts\uff0c2003: 28\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u56e0\u6b64\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u523a\u9752\u8868\u9054\u793a\u611b\u3001\u7d00\u5ff5\u3001\u76df\u8a93\u3001\u9752\u6625\u5370\u8a18\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u518d\u751f\u7b49\u7b49\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u540d\u85dd\u4eba\u7684\u793a\u7bc4\u5c55\u6f14\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u70ba\u5e74\u8f15\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300c\u9298\u523b\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5c1a\u5834\u57df\uff08\u8521\u5e78\u79c0\uff0c2006: 14\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u5efa\u69cb\u300d\uff08personal identity construction\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u627f\u8f09\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5f9e\u88ab\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u9010\u6b65\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u501a\u8cf4\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7406\u6027\u5316\u800c\u4e14\u6df1\u5177\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u300d\uff08Atkinson\uff0c2003: 5\uff09\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u6b63\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u9053\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6d6e\u73fe\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u7e3d\u662f\u9472\u5d01\u5728\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u770b\u4f3c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u69cb\u601d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u6240\u5ea7\u843d\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u7d50\u69cb\u537b\u7e3d\u662f\u5927\u773e\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8173\u672c\u2500\u2500\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u92ea\u9673\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u63cf\u7e6a\uff0c\u9577\u4e45\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u904e\u5ea6\u8207\u81ea\u6b98\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5be6\u8e10\u5f97\u4ee5\u6de1\u5316\u5176\u908a\u7de3\u504f\u5dee\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u610f\u542b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5c55\u73fe\u4e3b\u6d41\u6eab\u60c5\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u95dc\u9375\u63a8\u624b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5247\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u7a4d\u6975\u96c6\u7d50\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5c08\u696d\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u6253\u9020\u5a92\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u7b49\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6975\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8f49\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u884c\u696d\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u8fd1\u5e74\u523a\u9752\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u8ff0\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u53ca\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u523a\u9752\u4e3b\u9ad4\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u9858\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u89c0\u5bdf\u523a\u9752\u2500\u2500\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u2500\u2500\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u696d\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u6236\u5728\u6027\u5225\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u5927\u5b97[14]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u5c64\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u6232\u5287\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u50b3\u7d71\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6574\u7247\u624b\u81c2\u3001\u80a9\u8180\u3001\u524d\u80f8\u3001\u80cc\u90e8\u3001\u5927\u817f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u65b0\u8fd1\u5728\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4e0a\u958b\u767c\u7684\u624b\u6307\u3001\u809a\u81cd\u3001\u8173\u8e1d\u3001\u81c0\u90e8\u7b49\u7b49\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u9023\u80a1\u6e9d\u7684\u5c0f\u523a\u9752\u4e5f\u914d\u5408\u8457\u4f4e\u8170\u8932\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5c1a\u914d\u4ef6\u548c\u6027\u611f\u6a19\u8a18\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u548c\u512a\u7f8e\u8cea\u611f\u5408\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u5927\u9762\u7a4d\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\u6848\u548c\u69cb\u601d\u6642\u8da8\u5411\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u512a\u7f8e\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u892a\u53bb\u5e95\u5c64\u7c97\u7377\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5973\u6027\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u5716\u6848\u3001\u90e8\u4f4d\u3001\u9762\u7a4d\u3001\u54c1\u5473\u4e0a\u5e36\u4f86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u967d\u525b\u3001\u7c97\u7377\u3001\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u9670\u67d4\u3001\u7f8e\u9e97\u3001\u6642\u5c1a\uff1b\u4e5f\u5728\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3001\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\u3001\u67d4\u7f8e\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e[15]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u76f8\u61c9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u606f\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u9a5a\u99ed\u523a\u9752\u5247\u50be\u5411\u6368\u68c4\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u4ee5\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u5947\u82f1\u96c4\u795e\u7947\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u5716\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u900f\u904e\u5f37\u8abf\u4e2d\u570b\u98a8\u5473\u800c\u8d0f\u5f97\u570b\u969b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u8ffd\u6c42\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73fe\u5411\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u79fb\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u8207\u504f\u5dee\u72af\u7f6a\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5e95\u5c64\u523a\u9752\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9762\u76ee\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u500b\u65e5\u8da8\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u5e36\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u8a2a\u8ac7\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u542b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c08\u696d\u53ca\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u51dd\u805a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u9060\u53e4\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u8ff0\u8aaa\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff08\u6216\u7121\u529b\uff09\u3001\u52c7\u6c23\uff08\u6216\u6050\u61fc\uff09\u3001\u6e34\u671b\uff08\u6216\u8a18\u61b6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u523a\u9752\u6b77\u53f2\u8b8a\u9077\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8f49\u5316\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u897f\u65b9\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8b8a\u9077\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u904b\u3001\u6642\u5c1a\u5404\u7a2e\u529b\u9053\u7684\u4ea4\u6230\u63db\u624b\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u6642\u671f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5974\u96b8\u6b78\u5c6c\u6216\u7f6a\u72af\u5370\u8a18\u7684\u523a\u9752\u539f\u70ba\u6065\u8fb1\u7684\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u638c\u6b0a\u5f8c\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u9ee5\u9762\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5011\u53cd\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u523a\u4e0a\u5b97\u6559\u7b26\u865f\u6216\u8036\u7a4c\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u5ba3\u544a\u500b\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u6771\u5f81\u6642\u9084\u4ee5\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u70ba\u89aa\u7099\u8056\u5730\u7684\u7d00\u5ff5\uff08Gay & Whittington, 2002: 23-25\uff09\u300217\u300118\u4e16\u7d00\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5e1d\u570b\u64f4\u5f35\u63a2\u96aa\u800c\u4fb5\u5165\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u5340\u504f\u9060\u5cf6\u5dbc\uff0c\u628a\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5f15\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u5716\u9a30\u6216\u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e36\u56de\u6587\u660e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u65e2\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u9059\u9060\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u7684\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c34\u624b\u8a18\u8f09\u8a87\u793a\u81ea\u8eab\u63a2\u96aa\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08DeMello, 2000: 47-49\uff09\u300220\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u5de1\u8ff4\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u96dc\u6280\u8868\u6f14\u73ed\u6216\u99ac\u6232\u5718\u4e2d\u5c55\u89bd\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u5ea6\u523a\u9752\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u89c0\u773e\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u9a5a\u99ed\u7684\u5947\u89c0\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u7522\u89c0\u773e\u773c\u4e2d\u5247\u548c\u4f4e\u4fd7\u504f\u5dee\u7d50\u4e86\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u7de3\uff08Gay & Whittington, 2002: 35\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u523a\u9752\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u885d\u649e\u53ca\u5176\u60c5\u611f\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u6f38\u6b21\u666e\u53ca\u5316\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u63a1\u7528\u523a\u9752\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5169\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u9593\u8ecd\u4f0d\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u98a8\u884c\u7684\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u56e0\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5c0d\u89aa\u4eba\u611b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u5ff5\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff08DeMello, 2000: 63\uff09[16]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u98db\u8eca\u9ee8\u548c\u5b09\u76ae\u5247\u63a1\u7528\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5716\u6848\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u99b4\uff08Gay & Whittington, 2002: 37; DeMello, 2000: 67\uff09\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u523a\u9752\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u85dd\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u5165\u884c\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5716\u6a23\u548c\u5448\u73fe\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u8236\u4f86\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u523a\u9752\u4ee5\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u967d\u525b\u5716\u50cf\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5716\u6848\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u6230\u3001\u540c\u5fd7\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u5247\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u9818\u929c\u3001\u6df1\u5177\u904b\u52d5\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08DeMello, 2000: 75-77\uff09\u3002\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684\u771f\u4eba\u5be6\u5883\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e2d\u71df\u9020\u51fa\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u548c\u5ea7\u843d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u52d5\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u66f4\u52a0\u8da8\u5411\u591a\u6a23[17]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u6a23\u9577\u9060\u7684\u52d5\u76ea\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u6232\u5287\u5316\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e26\u672a\u5916\u50b3\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7d0b\u9762\u7fd2\u4fd7\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u523a\u9752\u611b\u597d\u8005\u5f9e\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u671f\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6478\u7d22\u62d3\u8352\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\u7adf\u7136\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u548c\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u9054\u6210\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u8eab\u9ad4\u6539\u9020\u5728\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9818\u57df\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u7167\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u9ad4\u6240\u8a00\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u5728\u5d07\u7f8e\u54c8\u65e5\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\u64c1\u62b1\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u548c\u4f4e\u4fd7\u3001\u9ed1\u9053\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\u9023\u7d50\u5f9e\u800c\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u65bc\u5e02\u4e95\u9670\u6697\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u9019\u500b\u5728\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0a\u4e00\u5411\u5b58\u7591\u7684\u884c\u696d\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f49\u5316\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u8207\u5167\u542b\uff0c\u63a5\u5408\u4f55\u7a2e\u4e2d\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u6b32\u7684\uff08desirable\uff09\u9078\u64c7\u5462\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u628a\u523a\u9752\u71b1\u6f6e\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5cf6\u5167\u5916\u67d0\u4e9b\u85dd\u4eba\u540d\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u523a\u9752\u5be6\u8e10\u793a\u7bc4\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff1b\u628a\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5e74\u8f15\u523a\u9752\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u4e00\u7aa9\u98a8\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u52d5\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6700\u60f3\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6c61\u540d\u884c\u696d\u5728\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u4e2d\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u800c\u7ffb\u8eab\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u88e1\u540c\u6642\u88ab\u727d\u52d5\u4f4d\u79fb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u64c1\u670930\u9918\u5e74\u523a\u9752\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u4e2d\u58e2\u300c\u5f6b\u5ba2\u85dd\u8853\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u8303\u690d\u6e05\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u65e5\u672c\u7d71\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u900f\u904e\u5175\u58eb\u3001\u6d6a\u4eba\u3001\u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u6708\u66c6\u7b49\u7b49\u7ba1\u9053\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u65e5\u5f0f\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u5716\u5f62\u591a\u534a\u662f\u9f8d\u3001\u864e\u3001\u9bc9\u9b5a\u3001\u4e94\u6bd2\u3001\u9b3c\u982d\u7b49\u7b49\u65e5\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e3b\u984c\u6216\u662f\u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u98a8\u683c\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u523a\u9752\u3002\u7d0b\u8eab\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u8108\u7d61\u5247\u4f86\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u969b\u6703\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u6cbb\u5b89\u8207\u93ae\u58d3\u53cd\u65e5\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u897f\u5f0f\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53f0\u5317\u5211\u52d9\u6240\u3001\u53f0\u5357\u5211\u52d9\u6240\u3001\u5609\u7fa9\u820a\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u65e5\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u76e3\u7344\u96a8\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u653f\u6b0a\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u7981\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u6216\u504f\u5dee\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u672c\u5730\u571f\u6cd5\u7149\u92fc\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u82e6\u7262\u5f0f\u523a\u9752\u56e0\u7de3\u969b\u6703\u7684\u5438\u6536\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u672c\u5730\u5144\u5f1f\uff0f\u9ed1\u9053\u8868\u73fe\u9b44\u529b\u6c23\u52e2\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u523a\u9752\u548c\u9ed1\u9053\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u76ae\u819a\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u9298\u523b\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u52d5\u529b\u591a\u534a\u6e90\u81ea\u7dca\u5f35\u5c0d\u7acb\u3001\u9700\u8981\u5f70\u986f\u9b44\u529b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\uff08\u5982\u5e6b\u6d3e\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76e3\u7344\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u523a\u9752\u6478\u7d22\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u7d20\u6750\uff08\u76ae\u819a\uff09\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u7d0b\u8eab\uff09\u6709\u7d55\u4f73\u6a5f\u6703\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u65b0\u838a\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u6642\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u76e3\u7344\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5718\u9ad4\u9762\u5c0d\u5718\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u7576\u539f\u59cb\u9632\u885b\u6027\u8dd1\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u88dd\u98fe\u6b66\u88dd\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u5f37\u52e2\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\u5c31\u6b64\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8ecd\u76e3\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76e3\u7344\u300d\u88e1\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee5\u524d\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u5211\u671f\u662f\u6700\u4e45\u7684\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5f88\u5145\u88d5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8ecd\u76e3\u6d3e\u523a\u9752\u3002[18]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u8ecd\u4e2d\u6240\u8b02\u4e0d\u99b4\u4eba\u53e3\u9032\u5165\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76e3\u7344\u5f8c\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e26\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u99b4\u670d\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\u300c\u5f6b\u5ba2\u85dd\u8853\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u8303\u690d\u6e05\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u82e6\u7262\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u96d6\u7136\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u540c\u547d\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u9593\u514d\u8cbb\u76f8\u4e92\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u7c21\u964b\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u4e2d\u9298\u523b\u8457\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a34\u8aaa\u8457\u908a\u7de3\u9748\u9b42\u5728\u653e\u9010\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u3002\u88ab\u5c48\u5f9e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff08subjugated knowledge\uff09\u65bc\u662f\u5f9e\u5c08\u9580\u88fd\u9020\u5c48\u5f9e\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86[19]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u88ab\u81e3\u670d\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u7387\u76f4\u7684\u5c55\u6f14\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7126\u616e\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u6c7a\u5fc3\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u3001\u5c0d\u5cd9\u3001\u52c7\u6c23\u3001\u5718\u7d50\u3002\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u670d\u5211\u4eba\u5165\u7344\u51fa\u7344\u518d\u5165\u7344\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u9010\u6f38\u5728\u908a\u7de3\u968e\u7d1a\u4e2d\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u6a19\u793a\u8d77\u300c\u5df1\u7fa4\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4ed6\u7fa4\u300d\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u5927\u773e\u7684\u773c\u7c3e\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u51dd\u6210\u6700\u8d77\u78bc\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff1a\u523a\u9752\ufe66\u9ed1\u9053\u3002[20]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u9762\u5c0d\u5728\u968e\u7d1a\uff08\u908a\u7de3\u5e95\u5c64\uff09\u548c\u6027\u5225\uff08\u7537\u6027\uff09\u4e0a\u9817\u70ba\u540c\u8cea\u800c\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u5ba2\u6e90\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u6709\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u69cb\u601d\u8207\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6280\u85dd\u50b3\u627f\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u53f0\u9762\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0f\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5728\u56de\u61b6\u51fa\u9053\u6642\u90fd\u5f88\u611f\u6168\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5c01\u9589\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u6478\u7d22\u767c\u5c55\u6280\u8853\u548c\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f88\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u548c\u540c\u9053\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6015\u88ab\u5225\u4eba\u6284\u8972[21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u9580\u6280\u85dd\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u95b1\u8b80\u5076\u723e\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u570b\u5916\u7d0b\u8eab\u96dc\u8a8c\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c0b\u8a2a\u5317\u4e2d\u5357\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e97\u8cfc\u8cb7\u6750\u6599\u6642\u9806\u4fbf\u89c0\u6469\u5e97\u5167\u4f5c\u54c1\u5716\u7247\u3002\u9ad8\u96c4\u300c\u5f6b\u5b89\u523a\u9752\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u767d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8a18\u5f97\u57282000\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u662f\u6575\u5c0d\u7684\u2026\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6bcf\u500b\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u7d0b\u8eab\u6240\u6709\u5668\u5177\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u8207\u5bf6\u85cf\u2026\u2026\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u54ea\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ef\u8a00\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u6587\u5316\u7684\u505c\u6eef\u2026[22]<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u534a\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u5076\u7136\u906d\u9022\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u7121\u6bd4\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u3002\u559c\u6b61\uff0c\u60f3\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u5165\u9580\u4e00\u7aba\u5802\u5967\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\u523a\u9752\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b00\u751f\u7684\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6b23\u7fa8\u4e2d\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7576\u4f5c\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u4e2d\u6eff\u8db3\u71b1\u611b\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5c31\u5f88\u5178\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5341\u5e7e\u6b72\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u6709\u5728\u73a9\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90a3\u662f\u597d\u73a9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u91dd\u7d81\u4e00\u7d81\uff0c\u5f80\u8eab\u4e0a\u731b\u523a\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u5bb6\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6d41\u6c13\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u5c4c\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5f31\u8089\u5f37\u98df\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u4eba\u5bb6\u523a\u9752\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5a01\u731b\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u80fd\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u6709\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u523a\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u559c\u6b61\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u571f\u6cd5\u7149\u92fc\u6700\u907a\u61be\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u904e\u5225\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u60f3\u6cd5\u8981\u523a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5716\u5f62\uff0c\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u524d\u8f29\u5728\u523a\u9752\u73fe\u5834\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u9054\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u5168\u7136\u501a\u8cf4\u300c\u5be6\u4f5c\u300d\u7684\u884c\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u9084\u662f\u8981\u9760\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u5df1\u6478\u7d22\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u5f9e\u5931\u6557\u4e2d\u9818\u609f\uff0c\u5728\u8089\u8eab\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5b64\u7368\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8f9b\u82e6\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u6d78\u6f64\u751a\u4e45\u7684\u65b0\u838a\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u6478\u7d22\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u6478\u7d22\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e0a\u90fd\u6703\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u7121\u5230\u6709\uff0c\u90fd\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u6162\u6162\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u9ede\u6478\u7d22\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u300d\u60f3\u8981\u5f9e\u4eba\u9ad4\u9019\u584a\u4e0d\u65b7\u79fb\u52d5\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u756b\u5e03\u4f86\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6709\u95dc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f88\u96e3\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u3001\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7d2f\u7a4d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u5c08\u696d\u3002\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u96a8\u53e3\u5c31\u8b1b\u51fa\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u76f4\u5f91\u7684\u91dd\uff1f0.3 mm\u30010.4 mm\uff1f\u8981\u7528\u6392\u91dd\uff1f\u5713\u91dd\uff1f\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u523a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u662f\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u8981\u4e0b\u5e7e\u91dd\u3001\u591a\u6df1\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u5668\u68b0\u523a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\uff1f\u54ea\u7a2e\u984f\u6599\u6700\u9069\u5408\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u7684\u76ae\u819a\uff1f\u7d0b\u597d\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u584a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u8272\u6fa4\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u5fa9\u539f\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u800c\u6709\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u534a\u5e74\u5f8c\u3001\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u3001\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\u53c8\u6703\u6709\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u76ae\u819a\u96a8\u8457\u5e74\u9f61\u8001\u5316\u6216\u8005\u4e7e\u71e5\u6642\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u8af8\u591a\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u9577\u5e74\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u548c\u523a\u904e\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4fdd\u6301\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ffd\u8e64\u7a4d\u7d2f\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u6478\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8a23\u7ac5\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u602a\u8a31\u591a\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u8f15\u6613\u5206\u4eab\u591a\u5e74\u8f9b\u82e6\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6c88\u6fb1\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u627e\u5230\u9069\u5408\u7684\u6709\u5fc3\u7684\u5f92\u5f1f\u624d\u80af\u50b3\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u4f86\u6e90\u7576\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u76ae\u819a\u4e0d\u50cf\u756b\u7d19\u96a8\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cb7\u5230\uff0c\u523a\u932f\u523a\u58de\u4e86\u5857\u6389\u91cd\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd[23]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6478\u7d22\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u7136\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6975\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u518d\u6b21\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u820a\u4f5c\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5011\u8b66\u9192\u89ba\u609f\u66f4\u52a0\u5c08\u7cbe\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5a92\u9ad4\u591a\u6b21\u66dd\u5149\u800c\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u8072\u7279\u5225\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u611f\u5606\u7684\u8aaa\ufe30<\/p>\n

\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u7cbe\u7dfb\u5566\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u523a\u7684\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u6d41\u773c\u6dda…\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6c42\u7cbe\u7dfb\uff0c\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cfa\u9322\u554a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u56de\u982d\u770b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u6703\u54ed\u7b11\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002\u6211\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u5c31\u662f\u78b0\u5230\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\uff1f\u53ef\u662f\u7576\u5e74\u4f60\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5716\u6848\u6211\u5011\u523a\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u9019\u6a23\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8207\u820a\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u9022\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u523a\u9752\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u800c\u5e36\u4f86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7f9e\u6127\u61ca\u6094\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6212\u614e\u6050\u61fc\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u5275\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u544a\u8aa1\u5f92\u5f1f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u73cd\u60dc\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e01\u9ede\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u525b\u505a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u7d0b\u5b8c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5f88\u4e45\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u7d0b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8ddf\u756b\u5716\u5dee\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u73cd\u60dc\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u624d\u8b93\u6211\u5b78\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u7d66\u670b\u53cb\u7d0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7d0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u5340\u584a\u90fd\u6703\u6162\u6162\u53bb\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u592a\u5927\u81bd\u3001\u7d0b\u592a\u5927\u9762\u7a4d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d0b\u8d77\u4f86\u611f\u89ba\u8207\u60f3\u6cd5\u5dee\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u2500\u2500\u6162\u6162\u4f86\u3002\u8d8a\u6162\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6389\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u584a\u76ae\u819a\u3002\u6025\u65bc\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u5c0d\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u4f86\u8aaa\u53cd\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u89ba\u609f\u5230\u548c\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u624b\u4e2d\u64cd\u5f04\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ae\u819a\u90fd\u842c\u822c\u73cd\u60dc\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u611b\u8b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5b78\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u85dd\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c07\u770b\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5275\u4f5c\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u73cd\u611b\u7d20\u6750\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u9032\u7684\u81ea\u89ba\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u9032\u6df1\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u7a4d\u7d2f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u767c\u6478\u7d22\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4f86\u81ea\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57f7\u8457\u71b1\u60c5\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u97ad\u7b56\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u80a1\u5e73\u884c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u529b\u9053\u7adf\u7136\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5951\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a\u300c\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e0a\u766e\u5fb5\u5019\u7fa4\u300d[24]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u662f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u5148\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8173\u6b65\u3001\u52c1\u7206\u88dd\u626e\u67d3\u9aee\u563b\u54c8\u3001\u4e26\u975e\u9ed1\u9053\u537b\u4ee4\u4eba\u8cbb\u89e3\u5730\u71b1\u8877\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u53f0\u5317\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u52c7\u65bc\u64c1\u62b1\u4e26\u8f49\u5316\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u5370\u8a18\uff0c\u4ee5\u8089\u8eab\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u5e36\u5165\u90fd\u6703\u6d41\u884c\u55c5\u89ba\u6700\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5546\u5708\uff0c\u540c\u5115\u7684\u53e3\u8033\u76f8\u50b3\u548c\u7fa4\u805a\u6548\u61c9\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d0b\u8eab\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u6210\u70ba\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u6a19\u8a18\u500b\u4eba\u524d\u885b\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u85dd\u4eba\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u3002\u539f\u672c\u4fb7\u4fc3\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u990a\u6210\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u914d\u5408\u65b0\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u9322\u666f\u65bc\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u6295\u5165\u6436\u9322\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e97\u5982\u96e8\u5f8c\u6625\u7b4d\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u71b1\u6f6e\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64f4\u5927\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6027\u683c\u5247\u4fc3\u4f7f\u696d\u8005\u8d85\u8d8a\u539f\u5148\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u672c\u5730\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u8272\u5f69\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u65e5\u5f0f\u7d0b\u8eab\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u5f15\u5165\u6b50\u7f8e\u65b0\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5716\u9a30\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u4fc3\u9032\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u591a\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u610f\u5473\u8457\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u6b64\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u90fd\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5341\u5206\u6182\u5fc3\u65b0\u624b\u592a\u904e\u6025\u5207\u6295\u5165\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u5272\u5589\u6bd4\u50f9\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5716\u50cf\u6eff\u8db3\u6700\u6dfa\u5c64\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6210\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u627c\u6bba\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6709\u5229\u74b0\u5883[25]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u614b\u52e2\u5c0d\u5c08\u696d\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6230\ufe30\u8981\u8df3\u5165\u6d41\u884c\u5e02\u5834\u4ee5\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u6b77\u7df4\u548c\u529f\u529b\u4f5c\u70ba\u512a\u52e2\u4f86\u722d\u53d6\u5ba2\u6236\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u653e\u4e0b\u5e02\u5834\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5c08\u5fc3\u63d0\u5347\u500b\u4eba\u6280\u85dd\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4f5c\u54c1\u8cea\u611f\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u968e\u7d1a\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5e36\u52d5\u6574\u500b\u523a\u9752\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8f49\u578b\u63d0\u5347\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5c31\u5be6\u8cea\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8cea\u611f\u624d\u662f\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c08\u696d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e0d\u9858\u88ab\u77ed\u7dda\u5e02\u5834\u8003\u91cf\u6240\u4fb7\u9650\u3001\u53cd\u800c\u6975\u529b\u9032\u6df1\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5c31\u770b\u51fa\u4e86\u500b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ac5\u9580\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8b02\u54c1\u724c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u539f\u5275\uff0c\u50f9\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8…\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u5e8a\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u3001\u505a\u3001\u505a…\u505a\u5230\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u505a\u4e94\u500b\u3001\u516b\u500b…\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u505a\u5230\u5341\u500b\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u7d2f\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u8cfa\u7684\u9322\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u505a\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9322\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u8981\u505a\u91cf\u5c11\u4f46\u662f\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8cea\u611f\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\uff1f…\u4f60\u770b\u770b\u5916\u570b\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5085\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u90a3\u500b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u7cbe\u7dfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c42\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u591a…\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u624d\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u50f9\u4f4d\u62c9\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u52a3\u8cea\u54c1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5566… \u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u523a\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u908a\u523a\u8981\u4e00\u842c\u584a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u523a\uff0c\u4e94\u767e\u584a\uff0c\u843d\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\u5594\uff0c20\u500d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eca\u5929\u4f86\u627e\u6211\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5169\u842c\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u4e86\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u9019\u6a23\u5b50…\u8981\u6539\u9084\u8981\u64f4\u5927\u4e00\u500d\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u4f60\u4fee\u98fe\u5f97\u6f02\u4eae\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6539\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u90a399\u5bb6\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6703\u78b0\u4ed6\u4e86…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u8981\u5275\u9020\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u8981\u7df4\u6210\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6280\u85dd\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u6df1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u523a\u9752\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u5730\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u30022000\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u62dc\u570b\u5916\u523a\u9752\u6f6e\u6d41\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u62dc\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d77\u98db\u4e4b\u8cdc\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u6709\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u81ea\u8cbb\u51fa\u570b\u89c0\u6469\u570b\u969b\u523a\u9752\u5c55\uff08\u6b64\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5f8c\u4f86\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\u300c\u5f6b\u5b89\u523a\u9752\u300d\u7684\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u3001\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u3001\u65b0\u838a\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u3001\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u7b49\u90fd\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u570b\u89c0\u5c55\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u8017\u8cbb\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u53c8\u4e0d\u592a\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u770b\u5230\u570b\u5916\u523a\u9752\u5927\u5e2b\u5011\u73fe\u5834\u8868\u6f14\u4e26\u6beb\u4e0d\u541d\u55c7\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u6280\u85dd\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7570\u570b\u540c\u9053\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7a4d\u6975\u767c\u5c55\u6280\u85dd\u548c\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u773e\u591a\u559c\u611b\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u5728\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u98a8\u683c\u7368\u5177\u4e14\u5275\u610f\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5f97\u5230\u6975\u5927\u7684\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u9858\u666f\u81ea\u6211\u4e5f\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u9ad8\u96c4\u300c\u5f6b\u5b89\u523a\u9752\u300d\u7684\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u5728\u56de\u61b6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u770b\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5927\u53d7\u6fc0\u52f5\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u81ea\u8a31\u70ba\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4ee5\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7d50\u5408\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u5171\u5275\u5c08\u696d\u524d\u9014[26]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u548c\u540c\u884c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c2000\u5e747\u670822-23\u65e5\u5728\u9ad8\u96c4\u9080\u96c6\u672c\u5730\u540c\u884c\u8349\u5275\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u523a\u9752\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u9589\u5e55\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u63a8\u52d5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u696d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u300d\u3002\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u611f\u6168\u9019\u500b\u96c6\u7d50\u300c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u5404\u81ea\u70ba\u653f\u7684\u523a\u9752\u751f\u614b\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u4f7f\u5f97\u74b0\u5883\u6f38\u6f38\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u300d[27]<\/strong><\/a> \u806f\u8abc\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u89c0\u5ff5\u5247\u7a4d\u6975\u5728\u773e\u591a\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e4b\u9593\u9ede\u71c3\u7cbe\u9032\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u8207\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u540c\u5e749\u6708\u4fbf\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u5e7e\u4eba\u7d44\u5718\u524d\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u6771\u4eac\u53c3\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5927\u5c55\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u6709\u95dc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u885b\u751f\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5716\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u662f\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u9996\u898b\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u84ec\u52c3\u5f62\u8c61\u66f4\u81ea\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u672c\u5730\u523a\u9752\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u8457\u4fc3\u9032\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u57282002\u5e749\u6708\u9078\u51fa\u5317\u5340\u3001\u4e2d\u5340\u3001\u5357\u5340\u4ee5\u53ca\u6843\u3001\u7af9\u3001\u82d7\u5730\u5340\u5206\u6703\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5c31\u8fd1\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u5c08\u5c6c\u7db2\u9801\uff0c\u660e\u5217\u6210\u7acb\u5b97\u65e8\ufe30\u300c\u672c\u6703\u4ee5\u5c0e\u6b63\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u885b\u751f\u7ba1\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u53ca\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u523a\u9752\u800c\u611f\u67d3\u4efb\u4f55\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f9e\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u672c\u8eab\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u990a\u4e4b\u63d0\u6607\uff0c\u8b93\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7…\u6b64\u70ba\u672c\u6703\u7cbe\u795e\uff01\u300d\u6587\u5b57\u96d6\u7136\u7c97\u6dfa\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u671f\u8a31\u537b\u662f\u660e\u986f\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f46\u5217\u51fa\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5b88\u5247\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u885b\u751f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u3001\u6d88\u6bd2\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u7d1a\u5225\u8a8d\u8b49\uff08\u5206\u70ba\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u300c\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u806f\u76df\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u7d1a\u806f\u76df\u300d\u5169\u7a2e\u52a0\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u671f\u8a31\u548c\u898f\u5283\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u5f62\u30022007\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u767c\u8a00\u6642\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5df2\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u5343\u591a\u4f4d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u548c\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4f4d\u696d\u9918\u611b\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u56b4\u5bc6\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5c08\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u5df2\u6709\u9817\u70ba\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u7fa4\u805a\u3002[28]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5851\u9020<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u908a\u7de3\u800c\u96b1\u8af1\u3001\u5f88\u96e3\u7372\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u884c\u696d[29]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u300c\u51fa\u6ac3\u300d\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u6a21\u4eff\u570b\u5916\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5c08\u696d\u7af6\u8cfd\u548c\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c55\u73fe\u4e26\u76f8\u4e92\u89c0\u6469\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u626d\u8f49\u5927\u773e\u6210\u898b\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u5546\u696d\u5229\u76ca\u30022002\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u9996\u5c46\u7d0b\u8eab\u5927\u8cfd\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u5f8c\u9812\u767c\u512a\u79c0\u4f5c\u54c1\u734e\u9805\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u904e\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u80af\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6fc0\u52f5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u66f4\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u521d\u5690\u6b63\u9762\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\u3002\u5728\u6bd4\u8cfd\u4e2d\u7372\u9812\u6578\u500b\u5927\u734e\u7684\u65b0\u7af9\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u81f3\u4eca\u6d25\u6d25\u6a02\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u52c7\u65bc\u8d70\u5411\u5927\u773e\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u9580\u884c\u696d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u767c\u63ee\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u734e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u53f0\u4e00\u76f4\u627e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u505a\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fdOK\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u81ea\u50b2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u6210\u54e1\u7a4d\u6975\u722d\u53d6\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5efa\u69cb\u4e26\u7dad\u8b77\u523a\u9752\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5a92\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u8981\u548c\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5143\u7d20\u63a5\u5408\u4ee5\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u548c\u9ed1\u9053\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5e95\u5c64\u7537\u6027\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u9023\u7d50\u662f\u500b\u4e9f\u9700\u88ab\u514b\u670d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002Halnon\u548cCohen\u986f\u793a\u85dd\u8853\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6210\u529f\u7684\u628a\u523a\u9752\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u300d\uff08modern primitives\uff09\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\uff082006: 49-50\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5efa\u69cb\u523a\u9752\u7684\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b56\u7565[30]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022003\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u96c6\u7d50\u4e86\u7e3d\u6703\u9577\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u8207\u5404\u5206\u5340\u6703\u9577\u5171\u4e94\u4f4d\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5275\u8fa6\u4e86\u300a\u53f0\u7063TATTOO\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u5c31\u5f62\u8c61[31]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u63a5\u8457\uff0c2005\u5e74\u65b0\u7af9\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u54c1\u651d\u5f71\u88fd\u5716\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u88f8\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u534a\u8eab\u7d0b\u4e0a\u5de8\u5e45\u98db\u5929\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c01\u9762\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u88fd\u4f5c\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u5f69\u8272\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u6708\u66c6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u4e00\u53cd\u904e\u53bb\u523a\u9752\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6708\u66c6\u6210\u70ba\u71b1\u9580\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u4e5f\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5c0d\u65bc\u8d8a\u754c\u63a5\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u30022006\u5e74\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u3001\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u3001\u8207\u300c\u96d5\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u7b49\u4e09\u4f4d\u5404\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u696d\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u9673\u5247\u9298\u7684\u93e1\u982d\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5357\u6d77\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u5716\u9a30\u5370\u8a18\u300d\u651d\u5f71\u5c55\u3002\u523a\u9752\u9032\u5165\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u651d\u5f71\u85dd\u8853\u81f4\u529b\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u523a\u9752\u4eba\u5f9e\u672a\u60f3\u5230\u904e\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u8a31[32]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u300d\u540c\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u63d0\u5347\u5f62\u8c61\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u570b\u969b\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u570b\u53c3\u89c0\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u975e\u5e38\u56ae\u5f80\u7684\u30022003\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u969b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5c55\u300d\u4ee5\u570b\u969b\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u6253\u958b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u523b\u610f\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u4e94\u661f\u7d1a\u7684\u9ad8\u96c4\u6f22\u4f86\u98ef\u5e97\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u968e\u7d1a\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u9080\u8acb\u4f86\u81ea\u6b50\u3001\u7f8e\u3001\u53f0\u3001\u65e5\u4e0a\u767e\u4f4d\u4eba\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u73fe\u5834\u540c\u6b65\u5c55\u89bd\u7cbe\u7dfb\u5716\u9a30\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u63a5\u8ecc\u570b\u969b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u5de7\u906d\u9022SARS\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u53c3\u8cfd\u4eba\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u5831\u5c0e[33]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022004\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u8de8\u8db3\u5c0d\u5cb8\uff0c\u8207\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u570b\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u806f\u5408\u6703\u806f\u624b\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5cb8\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d0b\u8eab\u6280\u6cd5\u7684\u9032\u968e\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u9010\u6f38\u70d8\u6258\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u8eab\u5206\u56e0\u800c\u5145\u6eff\u5c08\u696d\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u908a\u7de3\u96b1\u8af1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7d42\u65bc\u958b\u59cb\u4eab\u53d7\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5149\u74b0\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u969b\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u5c31\u3001\u885b\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u793e\u7fa4\u9762\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6642\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e5f\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u570b\u969b\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u5c55\u9732\u982d\u89d2\u30022009\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u8207\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u5169\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6df1\u5e2b\u5085\u53d7\u9080\u524d\u5f80\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7c73\u862d\u53c3\u52a0\u570b\u969b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5927\u8cfd\uff0c\u596a\u4e0b\u5169\u91d1\u4e00\u9280\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5927\u5e45\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5916\u7d0b\u8eab\u5c55\u90fd\u722d\u76f8\u9080\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u6dfb\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[34]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u63a5\u5408\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5c55\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u4e5f\u914d\u5408\u5546\u696d\u6176\u5178\u53ca\u793e\u5340\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u52a0\u5165\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u4f86\u9806\u52e2\u9054\u6210\u5a92\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u59822002\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u7d10\u7d04\u7d10\u7d04\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8857\u821e\u5927\u8cfd\u548c\u5609\u5e74\u83ef\u5c31\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u7d0b\u8eab\u79c0\u8868\u6f14\uff1b2004\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u677e\u5c71\u9952\u6cb3\u591c\u5e02\u5f92\u6b65\u5340\u5ee3\u5834\u7684\u793e\u5340\u6c11\u773e\u4f11\u9592\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u793a\u8207\u6c11\u4fd7\u6280\u85dd\u3001\u8857\u821e\u3001RAP\u540c\u53f0\u8868\u6f14\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u529b\u6c23\u8fa6\u5927\u578b\u516c\u958b\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf2006\u5e746\u6708\u90a3\u6a23\u53ec\u96c6\u5168\u53f0\u767e\u9918\u4f4d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u548c\u6a21\u7279\u5152\uff0c\u76f8\u7d04\u5230\u65b0\u7af9\u5317\u57d4\u51b7\u6cc9\u70e4\u8089\u806f\u8abc\uff0c\u300c\u9806\u4fbf\u300d\u901a\u77e5\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7092\u500b\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u523a\u9752\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u5e73\u5be6[35]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022007\u5e74\u7d0b\u8eab\u5927\u5c55\u751a\u81f3\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u5357\u4e16\u8cbf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8209\u8fa6\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6578\u5341\u540d\u514d\u8cbb\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u628a\u523a\u9752\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u822c\u5e02\u6c11\u4f11\u9592\u6d88\u8cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u5404\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\u90fd\u6f38\u6b21\u8207\u5927\u578b\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6176\u5178\u4fc3\u92b7\u6d3b\u52d5\u63a5\u5408\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u5947\u89c0\u5438\u5f15\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272[36]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6216\u8207\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u796d\u7d50\u76df\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u52a0\u878d\u5165\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u4f11\u9592\u666f\u9ede\u6d3b\u52d5\u800c\u5e73\u5be6\u5316\u3002[37]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\u628a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u9593\u5f9e\u908a\u7de3\u4fb7\u4fc3\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e97\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u7522\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e94\u661f\u7d1a\u98ef\u5e97\u3001\u4e16\u8cbf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5927\u578b\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u767e\u8ca8\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u89c0\u5149\u666f\u9ede\u7684\u4f11\u9592\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u4f4e\u8abf\u96b1\u8eab\u53ea\u9700\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u968e\u5c64\u9867\u5ba2\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5b78\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u56e0\u61c9\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u671f\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u8aaa\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u63a8\u92b7\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u61c9\u5c0d\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u516c\u773e\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6210\u70ba\u539f\u672c\u51fa\u8eab\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u5438\u6536\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u79ae\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u5473\u9053\u548c\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u51fa\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e92\u52d5\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u662f\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u523a\u9752\u8207\u5916\u754c\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u7a4d\u7d2f\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u6211\u968e\u7d1a\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\u50cf\u6642\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u907f\u958b\u539f\u5148\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u806f\u60f3\u3002\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u5c31\u5f88\u81ea\u89ba\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u6298\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u5341\u5e7e\u6b72\u5c31\u66fe\u51fa\u4e8b\u60c5\u6253\u67b6\u2026\u2026\u4e5f\u6709\u9032\u53bb\u95dc\u904e\u3002\u88e1\u9762\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u548c\u5916\u9762\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u8ddf\u85dd\u8853…\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u7d0b\u8eab\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u7684…\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6211\u4e5f\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\u554a\uff0c\u6709\u523a\u9752\u5f88\u5c4c\u554a\uff08\u908a\u7b11\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u523a\u5c31\u597d…\u53ef\u662f…\u7576\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53c8\u60f3\u628a\u5b83\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8981\u7d66\u4eba\u5bb6\u611f\u89ba\u4f60\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u9019\u9ebc\u7684\u6d41\u6c13\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5b83\u85dd\u8853\u4e00\u9ede\u55ce\uff1f<\/u>…<\/u>\u4eba\u5bb6\u8aaa\u523a\u9752\u5c31\u662f\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u626d\u8f49<\/u>\u3002[38]<\/strong><\/a>\uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u8ffd\u6c42\u8f49\u5316\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u8072\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u5c0d\u63d0\u5347\u672c\u8eab\u624b\u6cd5\u6280\u85dd\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u5c0d\u6240\u523a\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u5805\u6301\u2500\u2500\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u300d\u6b63\u6307\u5411\u671f\u671b\u5c0d\u5144\u5f1f\u6d41\u6c13\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u6c23\u8cea\u6240\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u8def\u4e0a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5fc5\u9808\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u62c9\u958b\u9019\u500b\u8ddd\u96e2\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4f5c\u54c1\u98a8\u683c\u4e0a\u6216\u5c0d\u5916\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6c23\u8cea\u4e0a\u3002\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u5e73\u5be6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\ufe30<\/p>\n

\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5594\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5148\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u505a\u8d77\uff1f\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u8aaa\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u8073\uff08\u53f0\u8a9e\uff0c\u610f\u70ba\u4fd7\uff09\u90a3\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u7a7f\u77ed\u8932\u62d6\u978b\u5566\uff0c\u7406\u500b\u5c71\u672c\u982d\uff0c\u6234\u500b\u6eff\u5929\u661f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u5f88\u5144\u5f1f\u5473\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u5c08\u696d\u8981\u6709\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d66\u4eba\u4e0d\u600e\u9ebc\u5144\u5f1f\u5473\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u6d41\u6c13\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba<\/u>…<\/u>\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u5167\u5fc3\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e5f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86<\/u>\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6539\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6539\u5167\u5fc3…\uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7d0b\u8eab\u884c\u696d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff1a\u539f\u5148\u6163\u5e38\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u6027\u8cea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u65b0\u5c08\u696d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u4e86\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9010\u6f38\u4e0d\u7b26\u65b0\u5c08\u696d\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e86\u3002\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u9078\u64c7\u7528\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u8003\u91cf\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u7fa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u9078\u64c7\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f9d\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u505a\u6211\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u3001\u505a\u6211\u7684\u523a\u9752\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u5f88\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53cd\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u4f60\u9019\u7a2e\u5ba2\u4eba<\/u>…<\/u>\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6703\u5f88\u56c9\u5506\u5566\uff0c\u6703\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5c0d\u5f85\u4f60\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b1b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u523a\u90a3\u7a2e\u5f88\u5147\u3001\u8981\u5f88\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u505a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c8\u662f\u8d70\u6bd4\u8f03\u85dd\u8853\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba<\/u>…\u4f60\u90a3\u7a2e\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u60f3\u523a\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u8ddf\u6d41\u6c13\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u5206\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86…\uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u523a\u9752\u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1b\u9019\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff08\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u5c0d\u512a\u8cea\u5ba2\u7fa4\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u9078\u64c7\uff09\u624d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529b\u9053\u62c9\u958b\u523a\u9752\u548c\u9ed1\u9053\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u95dc\u9023\u30022007\u5e74\uff0c\u7d0b\u8eab\u754c\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u4e5f\u4f4e\u8abf\u8868\u9054\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u773e\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u9ed8\u9ed8\u63a8\u5ee3\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u9577\u5e74\u8207\u570b\u5916\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6280\u85dd\u5df2\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u9577\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u6d41\u50f9\u503c\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6562\u671f\u671b\u793e\u6703\u5404\u754c\u90fd\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u4ee5\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u53c3\u89c0\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u523a\u9752\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u6df1\u5177\u85dd\u8853\u6027\uff0c\u8207\u4e0d\u50cf\u904e\u53bb\u662f\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\u300d\u5c08\u5229\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u591a\u662f\u56e0\u7d14\u7cb9\u611b\u597d\u67d0\u7a2e\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u55ae\u7d14\u60f3\u7d00\u5ff5\u89aa\u53cb\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u65e9\u5e74\u591a\u7528\u4f86\u70ab\u8000\u6216\u8c61\u5fb5\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[39]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u986f\u7136\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6210\u898b\u800c\u767c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u523a\u9752\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6280\u85dd\u5df2\u7136\u6df1\u5177\u85dd\u8853\u6027\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u662f\u6709\u6b63\u8077\u7684\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u7d14\u6b63\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5167\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5728\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u9593\u983b\u7e41\u904a\u8d70\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u523a\u9752\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f8c\u9762\u9019\u7a2e\u523a\u9752\u986f\u7136\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u6d88\u901d\uff1a\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u904e\u53bb\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c64\u7fa4\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u640f\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7d50\u76df\u63db\u5e16\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u7d71\u9817\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\ufe30<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u8b1b\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u5341\u500b\ufe5d\u901a\u7ddd\u72af\ufe5e\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e5d\u500b\u4e0d\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\u523a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u523a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8ddf\u4f60\u8b1b\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u5144\u5f1f\u8d8a\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\u523a\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u524d\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6211\u5e79\u561b\u523a\u9752\u8981\u627e\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\uff1f\u6211\u5be7\u9858\u7d66\u500b\u670b\u53cb\u523a\uff01\u82b1\u500b\u5341\u842c\u3001\u516b\u842c\u7d0b\u8eab\u3002\u53bb\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\u523a\u500b\u4e94\u5343\u584a\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u561b\u3002\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u523a\uff0c\u6211\u8acb\u4ed6\u559d\u9152\u3001\u4e0a\u9152\u5bb6\u3001\u4e0a\u9152\u5e97\u3002\u6211\u5be7\u9858\uff0c\u6211\u723d\u554a\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9673\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u9673\u5e2b\u5085\u904e\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u8cb7\u5668\u6750\u8acb\u670b\u53cb\u5e6b\u5fd9\u523a\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9084\u8981\u5305\u7d05\u5305\u3001\u8acb\u559d\u9152\u5403\u98ef\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u8acb\u5c08\u696d\u523a\u9752\u6240\u82b1\u8cbb\u7684\u9322\u3002\u9019\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u523a\u9752\u5546\u696d\u5316\u3001\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6e6e\u6ec5\u4e86\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u9ed1\u9053\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u904e\u975e\u5e38\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u4e2d\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u98a8\u6c23\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u696d\u512a\u8cea\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6210\u679c\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u5176\u6c23\u52e2\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\u300c\u5f6b\u5ba2\u85dd\u8853\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u8303\u690d\u6e05\u5728\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\u5074\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u8001\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\uff09\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u300c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u523a\u9752\u300d\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u9ed1\u9053\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u592a\u666e\u904d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u95dc\u9375\u5176\u5be6\u662f\uff1a\u523a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5716\u6a23\u3001\u523a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u9ed1\u9053\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u8cc7\u6df1\u9ed1\u9053\u4e00\u6a23\u63a1\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u5927\u7247\u7684\u5236\u5f0f\u523a\u9752\u4f86\u5927\u5f35\u65d7\u9f13\u5ba3\u793a\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ea\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u523a\u4e0a\u6240\u5c6c\u5e6b\u6d3e\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u8a18\u865f\u4ee5\u793a\u6b78\u5c6c\uff0c\u5728\u6383\u9ed1\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u8981\u5927\u5e45\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u5728\u5716\u6848\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\u5247\u4ecd\u7136\u591a\u534a\u9084\u662f\u504f\u597d\u6fc3\u539a\u65e5\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5340\u9694\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u9078\u64c7\u5247\u8da8\u5411\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u5728\u6563\u4f48\u65bc\u5404\u5730\u7684\u523a\u9752\u9928\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff1a\u5716\u6848\u4e0a\u6216\u8a31\u6e05\u695a\u6709\u5225\uff0c\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5247\u4e26\u7121\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u5f9e\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u7684\u8da8\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u5316\ufe30\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u627f\u8f09\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u617e\u671b\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u523a\u9752\uff1b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u627f\u8f09\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u76f8\u4e92\u670d\u52d9\u5f7c\u6b64\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u523a\u9752\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u7121\u9650\u5546\u6a5f\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u540d\u865f\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u52aa\u529b\u958b\u59cb\u884d\u751f\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5fcc\u5992\u5acc\u9699[41]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u5e2b\u5f92\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u96dc\u97f3\u591a\u534a\u96b1\u8eab\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u5f15\u7206\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u6210\u54e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\u8ac7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u500b\u4e2d\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4e9b\u86db\u7d72\u99ac\u8de1\u53ef\u5faa[42]<\/strong><\/a>\ufe30\u7a4d\u6975\u767b\u4e0a\u53f0\u9762\u3001\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u9732\u81c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u958b\u8def\u95e2\u8352\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7be1\u596a\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u7a4d\u7d2f\uff0c\u500b\u6027\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u8b8a\u6210\u60e1\u611f\u548c\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5167\u90e8\u6399\u624e\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u8c61\u5fb5\u5167\u90e8\u5718\u7d50\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u7db2\u7ad9\u5df2\u7d93\u6d88\u5931[43]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\u84ec\u52c3\u96c6\u7d50\u5404\u8def\u4eba\u99ac\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u9928\u300d\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e5f\u5df2\u7121\u8e64\u5f71[44]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u5d29\u96e2\u6790\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u5f62\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u6c23\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u5df2\u7d93\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u6c23\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u501a\u8cf4\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4fb7\u4fc3\u65bc\u672c\u5730\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u539a\u6b64\u8584\u5f7c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u4e0d\u518d\u7a4d\u6975\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u518d\u7528\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u958b\u62d3\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u88e1\u96a8\u6a5f\u805a\u9996\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u520a\u7269\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u53c3\u7167\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5c07\u300a\u53f0\u7063TATTOO\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u6539\u540d\u300a\u74b0\u7403\u523a\u9752\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u500b\u5225\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u73fe\u5834\u5831\u5c0e\u570b\u969b\u7d0b\u8eab\u535a\u89bd\u6703\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u55ae\u4e00\u5c08\u984c\uff08\u5982\u9bc9\u9b5a\u3001\u9b3c\u982d\u3001\u7261\u4e39\u3001\u86c7\u3001\u68b5\u5b57\u7b49\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u7cbe\u7dfb\u8a2d\u8a08\u2500\u2500\u671f\u671b\u7dad\u7e6b\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4ee5\u88dc\u5f37\u5546\u696d\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u55ae\u8584\u3002[45]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5e02\u5834\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5167\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u4f86\u63a5\u53d7\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba2\u7fa4\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5716\u6848\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u88dd\u98fe\u548c\u7f8e\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5ba2\u6236\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5e36\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u8a08\u6216\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5716\u6848\u4f86\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5408\u4f5c\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08Atkinson, 2003: 45; Hewitt, 1996: 73-74\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u7d1b\u722d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u5230\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u4e4b\u9593\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u50cf\u662f\u5171\u540c\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u559c\u611b\u90a3\u500b\u5171\u540c\u5275\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u6df1\u6709\u611f\u6168\ufe30<\/p>\n

\u7d0b\u8eab\u6700\u8b93\u6211\u611f\u5230\u6a02\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u7576\u5ba2\u4eba\u8b8a\u6210\u670b\u53cb\u6642\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7d0b\u8eab\u662f\u5169\u8005\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4efd\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6162\u6162\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u96d6\u7136\u5f88\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u4e00\u5927\u6a02\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u966a\u990a\u51fa\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4ea4\u60c5\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4e0d\u7531\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u89f8\u842c\u5343\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u964c\u751f\u90fd\u53ef\u6210\u70ba\u646f\u53cb\uff01\u800c\u66fe\u7d93\u60c5\u540c\u624b\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u4f55\u4f86\u4ec7\u6068\u4e4b\u6709\uff1f\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u8981\u5b78\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u5b78\u4ec7\u6068\u55ce\uff1f\u81ea\u53e4\u300c\u6587\u4eba\u76f8\u8f15\u300d\uff01\u96e3\u9053\u73fe\u4ee3\u300c\u7d0b\u4eba\u4ea6\u76f8\u8f15\u300d\uff1f\u771f\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u767e\u601d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u548c\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u65e2\u6709\u5716\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\u7136\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u51fa\u4f86\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u662f\u500b\u5e73\u7b49\u5354\u5546\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u6703\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\ufe30\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u883b\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u537b\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u662f\u6240\u6709\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u90fd\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u6216\u9762\u5c0d\u5ba2\u6236\u4e0a\uff0c\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u90fd\u66ff\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u968e\u7d1a\u6539\u9020\u5c1a\u672a\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\u540c\u884c\u64d4\u5fc3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53eb\u4ed6\u4e0a\u7bc0\u76ee…\u4ed6\u9023\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e0a…\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u6050\u61fc\u90a3\u500b\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9084\u8981\u8b1b\u8a71\uff1f\u6703\u5687\u6b7b\u6389\u3002\u6211\u6628\u5929\u53bb\u53f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u52c7\u54e5\u3001\u52c7\u54e5…\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u8b1b\u8a71\u5566\uff01\u6211\u8aaa\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u8b1b\u8a71\u5594\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4f60\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u5ba2\u4eba\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\uff0c\u311f\uff0c\u5ba2\u4eba\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u5916\u9762\u7b49\u6211\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4f60\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u505a\u751f\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6162\u6162\u53bb\u8ddf\u4eba\u5bb6\u6e9d\u901a\u561b.\u2026..\u5176\u5be6\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u6703\u505a\uff0c\u5f88\u6703\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u8b1b\uff0c\u78b0\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ed6\u5c31\u6b7b\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u5728\u523a\u9752\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1b\u5c08\u696d\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\u9084\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9762\u5411\ufe30\u523a\u9752\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u60c5\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u7f8e\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u523a\u9752\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u76ae\u819a\u8868\u5c64\u4f5c\u756b\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u767c\u6398\u6709\u95dc\u90a3\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u523a\u9752\u662f\u500b\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u773c\u775b\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u5d01\u5165\u6d3b\u7684\u76ae\u819a\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u51e1\u4eba\u751f\u5b58\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7368\u6709\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u75db\u82e6\uff08V. Vale & Andrea Juno, Modern Primitives<\/em>\uff09<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u901a\u4fd7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u5341\u5206\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u51fa\u73fe\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u5c6c\u96dc\u8a8c\u3001\u5831\u7d19\u5c08\u6b04\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5168\u7403\u64ad\u653e\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u983b\u9053\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b9a\u671f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u5730\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u5076\u4e00\u51fa\u73fe\u523a\u9752\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u5a1b\u6a02\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u523a\u9752\u518d\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c50\u5bcc\u756b\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a73\u7d30\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u96dc\u8a8c\u578b\u7bc0\u76ee\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7531\u4f60\u300dRipley\u2019s Believe It Or Not\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5831\u5c0e\u300d\uff08National Geographic\uff09\u548c\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u983b\u9053\u300d\uff08Discovery\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u983b\u9053\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u534a\u5c0f\u6642\u6216\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\u6df1\u5ea6\u5831\u5c0e\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4eba\u8207\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96dc\u8a8c\u578b\u7bc0\u76ee\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u591a\u534a\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5f0f\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f03\u4e0d\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u800c\u76e1\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u628a\u523a\u9752\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7570\u65cf\u98a8\u571f\u4eba\u60c5\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u539f\u5148\u7dca\u8cbc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u504f\u5dee\u8272\u5f69\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u822c\u5bb6\u5ead\u773c\u7c3e\u7684\u537b\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u805a\u7126\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u984c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7bc0\u76ee\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u771f\u4eba\u5be6\u5883\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u30022003\u5e74\u300a\u9177\u7537\u7684\u7570\u60f3\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08Queer Eye for the Straight Guy\uff09\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u96d6\u6709\u6d88\u8cbb\u540c\u5fd7\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u666e\u53ca\u4e86\u9177\u5152\u7f8e\u5b78\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u9806\u8457\u540c\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c2005\u5e747\u6708\u300c\u65c5\u904a\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\uff08Travel and Life\uff09\u96fb\u8996\u983b\u9053\u4e0a\u63a8\u51fa\u4ee5\u523a\u9752\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u771f\u4eba\u5be6\u5883\u5f71\u96c6\uff0c\u9996\u64ad\u7684\u300a\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300b\uff08Miami Ink\uff09\u771f\u4eba\u5be6\u5883\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8207\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6df1\u523b\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f37\u8abf\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\uff1b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u6210\u70ba\u9023\u7e8c\u5287\u4e3b\u89d2\u822c\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u6bcf\u9031\u8207\u540c\u50da\u548c\u9867\u5ba2\u4e0a\u6f14\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u60c5\u7bc0\u3002\u7bc0\u76ee\u64ad\u51fa\u5f8c\u5927\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u983b\u9053\u4e2d\u64ad\u9001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e36\u52d5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u985e\u4f3c\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u4f8b\u59822005\u5e74\u4ee5\u62c9\u65af\u7dad\u52a0\u65af\u8ced\u5834\u88e1\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u300a\u58a8\u8272\u300b\uff08Inked\uff09\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300b\uff08L. A. Ink\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u300a\u502b\u6566\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300b\uff08London Ink\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u8ffd\u8e64\u6558\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u523a\u9752\u5e97\u5728\u7d93\u71df\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u985e\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u7b49\u89c0\u9ede\u51fa\u767c\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u89c0\u773e\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u539a\u5be6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5168\u7403\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u7684\u5c08\u984c\u6df1\u5165\u5831\u5c0e\u800c\u9593\u63a5\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300b\u3001\u300aL.A.\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300b\u9019\u6a23\u5c08\u9580\u5448\u73fe\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u96c6\u5b9a\u6642\u64ad\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u64f4\u5927\u523a\u9752\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u548c\u6539\u5584\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5247\u662f\u9019\u985e\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u3008\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u3009\u7bc0\u76ee\u66fe\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ba2\u4eba\u523a\u9752\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u5275\u9020\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u50b3\u5947\u300d\uff08personal legends\uff09\uff0c\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u523a\u9752\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6234\u4e0a\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u8c50\u6c9b\u7684\u50b3\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u96a8\u4fbf\u6311\u9078\u4e00\u96c6\u3008\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u3009\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u6709\u4e73\u764c\u7684\u751f\u9084\u5a66\u5973\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d93\u6b77\u958b\u5200\u3001\u5316\u7642\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u5df2\u7d93\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u611f\u89ba\u548c\u7f8e\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u628a\u6377\u514b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6155\u590f\u7684\u540d\u756b\u523a\u4e0a\u624b\u8155\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u7f8e\u611f\u3002\u6709\u7236\u89aa\u56e0\u70ba\u5e7c\u5152\u7f79\u60a3\u7d55\u75c7\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6642\u6703\u96e2\u4e16\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u6372\u7e2e\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u80a9\u982d\u7684\u5408\u5f71\u7167\u7247\u523a\u4e0a\u524d\u80f8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5b69\u5b50\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u80f8\u819b\u4ecd\u53ef\u6c38\u9060\u64c1\u6709\u90a3\u500b\u6372\u7e2e\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b69\u5b50\u5f9e\u672a\u96e2\u958b\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6709\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u4f86\u5e97\u88e1\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u6975\u70ba\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u8170\u969b\u523a\u4e00\u5ea7\u5929\u4f7f\u9577\u9ea5\u53ef\u8173\u8e0f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u7d00\u5ff5\u65e9\u592d\u7684\u53d4\u7236\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u53d4\u7236\u96a8\u6642\u8b77\u885b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u6ce2\u862d\u88d4\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5e36\u8457\u4e00\u5e45\u8001\u9df9\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u540c\u6642\u523a\u5728\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u81c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c61\u5fb5\u624b\u8db3\u4e4b\u60c5\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u548c\u6210\u679c\u90fd\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u5a13\u5a13\u52d5\u4eba\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u60c5\u611f\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5074\u76ee\u7684\u523a\u9752\u53cd\u800c\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u5171\u9cf4\u3002\u5176\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5247\u9069\u6642\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u756b\u9f8d\u9ede\u775b\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u52d5\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u9bae\u6d3b\u7684\u8e8d\u7136\u65bc\u76ae\u819a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u75db\u695a\u548c\u5074\u76ee\u90fd\u5728\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6eab\u6696\u7684\u6c88\u5165\u89c0\u773e\u5fc3\u5e95[46]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u5e95\u5c64\u4eba\u6c11\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7528\u523a\u9752\u6c38\u9060\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c8c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u5236\u6216\u77ed\u8996\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\uff1b\u4eca\u65e5\u523a\u9752\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u958b\u59cb\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u523a\u9752\u8ad6\u8ff0\u96a8\u5373\u628a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u300c\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u300d\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u56b4\u8085\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f37\u8abf\u5176\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u800c\u4e14\u610f\u7fa9\u6df1\u9060\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63cf\u7e6a\u5176\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u70ba\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u3001\u8aa0\u610f\u5b5d\u611b\u7684\u7d50\u679c[47]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u548c\u4e2d\u7522\u7279\u8cea\u7f8e\u5fb7\u76f8\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u793e\u6703\uff08\u968e\u7d1a\uff09\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u300c\u523a\u9752\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u523a\u9752\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u667a\u8b58\u7684\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u300d\uff08DeMello, 2000: 12\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u523a\u9752\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u90aa\u6c23\u7684\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8ff4\u907f\u6216\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u64fa\u51fa\u4e2d\u7522\u5f62\u8c8c\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5728\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u523b\u610f\u6558\u8ff0\u523a\u9752\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\uff09\u523a\u9752\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u539a\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u523a\u9752\u8996\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6050\u6015\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u90fd\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee5\u8c50\u5bcc\u8ad6\u8ff0\u70d8\u6258\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u5c6c\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff09\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u7a4d\u6975\u63a1\u7528\u6eab\u60c5\u523a\u9752\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u79fb\u4f4d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u542b\u610f\u30022005\u5e74\u5143\u6708\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u63a8\u51fa\u5927\u578b\u523a\u9752\u6708\u66c6\uff0c\u5c01\u9762\u4ee519\u6b72\u7684\u5ba2\u5bb6\u5c11\u5973\u6797\u6797\u5168\u88f8\u5165\u93e1\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u80cc\u90e8\u76f4\u5230\u8173\u8e1d\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u98db\u5929\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u9bae\u6d3b\u67d4\u7f8e\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8c54\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\u6797\u6797\u8eca\u798d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u4e5f\u96a8\u8457\u5979\u7684\u706b\u5316\u6d88\u901d\uff0c\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6dd2\u7f8e\u7684\u7d05\u984f\u8584\u547d\u6545\u4e8b[48]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022006\u5e74\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6df1\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\u4e00\u4f4d\u7d93\u6b77\u4e08\u592b\u6dcb\u5df4\u764c\u63a5\u53d7\u5316\u7642\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u55aa\u592b\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u6574\u80cc\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u6d74\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u523a\u9752\u4ee5\u7d00\u5ff5\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u5927\u7247\u7684\u523a\u9752\u662f\u5426\u75bc\u75db\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\ufe30\u300c\u523a\u9752\u6bd4\u751f\u7522\u75db\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ca\u5316\u7642\u7684\u5343\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u300d[49]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u7684\u6df1\u60c5\u6b77\u6b77\u5982\u7e6a\u7684\u6d41\u9732\u5728\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5716\u6848\u548c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u88e1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8edf\u5316\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4e0a\u5927\u5e45\u523a\u9752\u7684\u885d\u649e\u529b\u9053\u30022007\u5e74\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b\u4ee5\u982d\u7248\u5831\u5c0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u5b50\u56e0\u5f9e\u5c0f\u7167\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u723a\u723a\u5fc3\u81df\u75c5\u5371\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c07\u723a\u723a\u7684\u5927\u982d\u7167\u523a\u5728\u80cc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5973\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5e2b\u5085\u52f8\u6211\u5716\u7247\u4e0d\u8981\u523a\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9078\u6700\u5927\u5f35\u7684\uff0c\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u723a\u723a\u5c31\u6703\u6c38\u9060\u7559\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u908a\u300d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u723a\u723a\u5947\u8e5f\u5f0f\u7684\u75c5\u7652\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b6b\u5973\u523a\u9752\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u723a\u723a\u75db\u54ed\u8cac\u7f75\ufe30\u300c\u9019\u6a23\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5ac1\u5f97\u51fa\u53bb\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u6574\u500b\u7248\u9762\u6d0b\u6ea2\u8457\u7956\u5b6b\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u6070\u6070\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u89aa\u60c5\u7684\u660e\u8b49\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u7d50\u5c3e\uff0c\u8a18\u8005\u7167\u820a\u63a1\u8a2a\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0b\u6c42\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53d7\u8a2a\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u8868\u793a\u842c\u4e00\u65e5\u5f8c\u5f8c\u6094\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u96f7\u5c04\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5247\u8aaa\u9019\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u6c42\u5b78\u53ca\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u985b\u6c9b\u6d41\u96e2\uff0c\u8207\u723a\u723a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u56de\u61b6\u6700\u5b89\u5b9a\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u5c07\u723a\u723a\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u523a\u5728\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u723a\u723a\u662f\u5979\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u75c5\u614b\u3002\u5169\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u90fd\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u548c\u7de9\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u53cd\u904e\u53bb\u6163\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u8b66\u8a9e\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u53ef\u6b32\u6027\u8db3\u4ee5\u84cb\u904e\u523a\u9752\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f62\u8c61[50]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5f80\u5f80\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u89aa\u60c5\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6240\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u7248\u9762\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5f35\u63a8\u9032\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u539f\u5148\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7248\u548c\u516b\u5366\u5831\u3002\u4e00\u5411\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u5c31\u57282008\u5e742\u67084\u65e5\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u5168\u7248\uff08\uff01\uff09\u5831\u5c0e\u3008\u523a\u9752\u70ab\u6587\u5316 \u5beb\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u3009\u5c08\u984c\uff0c\u628a\u523a\u9752\u63a5\u5408\u5230\u591a\u500b\u611f\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4f4d\u50b7\u5fc3\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u904e\u4e16\u7684\u5973\u5152\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u4f5c\u70ba\u56de\u61b6\uff1b\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bcd\u89aa\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7d0b\u4e0b\u4e00\u7247\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u767e\u5408\u82b1\u5716\u6848\u7e8f\u7e5e\u8170\u969b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u84cb\u4f4f\u598a\u5a20\u7d0b\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u61f7\u5b55\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff1b\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u53db\u9006\u58ae\u843d\u9003\u5bb6\u66fe\u81ea\u6b98\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u56de\u5bb6\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u624b\u8155\u660e\u986f\u8655\u523a\u4e0a\u7dad\u751f\u65b9\u7cd6\u5716\u6848\u4ee5\u7d00\u5ff5\u5916\u5a46\u904e\u53bb\u9935\u5979\u5403\u7cd6\u7684\u5475\u8b77\uff0c\u300c\u7576\u4f5c\u544a\u5225\u6df7\u4e82\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8b93\u5bb6\u4eba\u50b7\u5fc3\u3002\u6bcd\u89aa\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u6085\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5716\u6848\u5f8c\u7adf\u7136\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u610f\u800c\u843d\u6dda\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5230\u4e8670\u6b72\u4e5f\u6703\u60f3\u8981\u523a\u9752\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6eab\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u60c5\u7dd2\u537b\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u89aa\u60c5\u7684\u7dbf\u9577\u6df1\u9060\uff1b\u75db\u5165\u808c\u819a\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5247\u6070\u6070\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u4e86\u90a3\u6df1\u523b\u4f46\u96e3\u4ee5\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u89aa\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u89aa\u60c5\u7684\u6df1\u539a\u5247\u540c\u6642\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u4e5f\u6607\u83ef\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u3002[51]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u5973\u6027\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u89aa\u60c5\u3001\u611b\u60c5\u3001\u5fcd\u75db\u72a7\u7272\u7b49\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u523a\u9752\u6289\u64c7\u7684\u52d5\u4eba\u529b\u9053\u3002\u6027\u5225\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u523a\u9752\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u523a\u9752\u8207\u300c\u7f8e\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u8207\u967d\u525b\u66b4\u529b\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5f9e\u672a\u9054\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u6558\u4e8b\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f46\u67d4\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u967d\u525b\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5716\u6a23\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u76ca\u52a0\u8cbc\u8fd1\u9670\u67d4\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5716\u6a23\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u611f\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6027\u5225\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u523a\u9752\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u51f8\u986f\u5f37\u5316\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u7f6e\u63db\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f15\u5165\u89aa\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u81ea\u7136\u5316\uff0f\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u7f8e\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u6210\u70ba\u6551\u82e6\u60b2\u61ab\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5927\u773e\u591a\u534a\u8a8d\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u76ae\u819a\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u300c\u640d\u50b7\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u7834\u76f8\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u523a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7d93\u904e\u9577\u671f\u7684\u96f7\u5c04\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9084\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u75a4\u75d5\uff0c\u5f8c\u679c\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e97\u5c0d\u65bc\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u9867\u5ba2\u523a\u9752\u90fd\u6703\u7279\u5225\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u64d4\u5fc3\u5f8c\u4f86\u6703\u88ab\u4e08\u592b\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u7537\u53cb\u3001\u611b\u4eba\u627e\u9ebb\u7169\uff08DeMello, 2000: 61\uff09\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5e2b\u5085\u90fd\u6703\u898f\u52f8\u5973\u6027\u5ba2\u6236\u614e\u91cd\u6289\u64c7\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\u627e\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u300c\u66ff\u5973\u5b69\u8457\u60f3\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u8981\u523a\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u523a\u5728\u8863\u670d\u53ef\u4ee5\u906e\u853d\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u5f71\u97ff\u5979\u7684\u6b63\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u52f8\u963b\u5973\u5b69\u4e0d\u8981\u523a\u7537\u53cb\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u65e5\u5f8c\u611f\u60c5\u6709\u8b8a\u6642\u5f8c\u6094\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u8e8a\u8e87\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u8fd1\u5e74\u7531\u65bc\u5f69\u8272\u984f\u6599\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6a23\u9bae\u8c54\uff0c\u4e0a\u8272\u7684\u6280\u8853\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u8cbc\u8fd1\u300c\u7f8e\u5316\u300d\u808c\u819a\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6280\u8853\u548c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u523a\u9752\u4f86\u300c\u62ef\u6551\u300d\u539f\u5148\u56e0\u76ae\u819a\u7834\u76f8\u800c\u9677\u5165\u4f4e\u6f6e\u6216\u7d55\u8def\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u7f8e\u5316\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6a5f\u6703\u4e5f\u6c96\u6de1\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u61ca\u6094\u7684\u6c7a\u65b7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5147\u60e1\u66b4\u529b\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u7f8e\u5316\u300d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u2500\u2500\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u523a\u9752\u7684\u2500\u2500\u60b2\u61ab\u548c\u6148\u60b2\u30022005\u5e743\u6708\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u6280\u8853\u66ff\u7d0b\u8eab\u5931\u6557\u8005\u6539\u5584\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u7248\u9762\u4e0a\u9084\u520a\u51fa\u523a\u9752\u88dc\u6551\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u5716\u7247\u5c0d\u7167\u3002\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u88ab\u670b\u53cb\u7576\u6210\u5be6\u9a57\u523a\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u7c97\u964b\u7684\u9b3c\u982d\uff0c\u9673\u5e2b\u5085\u5c07\u5176\u4fee\u6539\u70ba\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u9bc9\u9f8d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u81c2\u4e0a\u8349\u7e6a\u7684\u9f8d\u5716\u5247\u7d93\u904e\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u70ba\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u591c\u53c9\u5716\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u5c55\u73fe\u7d0b\u8eab\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9ad8\u8d85\u6548\u679c\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u6027\u5225\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6190\u60dc\u7f8e\u9e97\u5c11\u5973\u56e0\u6bc0\u5bb9\u800c\u58de\u4e86\u524d\u7a0b\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u6a19\u984c\u751a\u81f3\u5c07\u62ef\u6551\u5979\u5011\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6d3b\u83e9\u85a9\u7d0b\u8eab\u6551\u82e6\u300d\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u626d\u8f49\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u6703\u6b98\u5bb3\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5370\u8c61[52]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022006\u5e74\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u5c0f\u6210\u70ba\u5b64\u5152\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u98ef\u5e97\u64d4\u4efb\u516c\u95dc\u7684\u83ef\u50d1\u5973\u6027\u300c\u963f\u91d1\u300d\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u66fe\u56e0\u70ba\u80cc\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5931\u6557\u7684\u523a\u9752\u800c\u82e6\u60f1\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u5e6b\u5979\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5168\u80cc\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u9bc9\u9b5a\u6232\u6c34\u5716\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u624d\u53c8\u6d3b\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86[53]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u5a92\u9ad4\u9084\u5831\u5c0e\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u6027\u7528\u523a\u9752\u63a9\u98fe\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u75a4\u75d5\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u63a9\u84cb\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u523a\u5f97\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u662f\u63a9\u84cb\u4e00\u5834\u8eca\u798d\u907a\u7559\u7684\u75a4\u75d5\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u907a\u61be\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u73fe\u5728\u9760\u8457\u5927\u9762\u7a4d\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u82b1\u6735\uff08\u6c34\u4ed9\u82b1\u548c\u6afb\u82b1\uff09\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5f97\u5230\u91cb\u653e\u3002\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u5448\u73fe\u523a\u9752\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u679c\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u520a\u51fa\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u8457\u5a66\u7522\u79d1\u91ab\u8b77\u5236\u670d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u88ab\u523a\u9752\u62ef\u6551\u812b\u96e2\u7834\u76f8\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u66f4\u5f97\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8457\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u523a\u9752\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u8b77\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u896f\u6258\u51fa\u5979\u5011\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u5167\u5728\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u7684\u795e\u8056\u5c08\u696d\u5247\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7f8e[54]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022007\u5e74\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u5b69\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u56e0\u9818\u85aa\u6642\u9047\u5230\u6436\u52ab\uff0c\u8207\u6b79\u5f92\u62c9\u626f\u6642\u80cc\u90e8\u88ab\u780d6\u5200\uff0c\u7e2b\u4e86120\u91dd\uff0c\u80a9\u80cc\u591a\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u9053\u9577\u9577\u7684\u5200\u75a4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u75a4\u75d5\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u4ee5\u5916\u79d1\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5341\u5e74\u4e0d\u6562\u7a7f\u77ed\u8896\u6216\u6e38\u6cf3\u3002\u7121\u610f\u9593\u8b80\u5230\u6709\u95dc\u523a\u9752\u4fee\u88dc\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u5728\u534a\u8eab\u523a\u4e0a\u4e00\u7247\u7247\u8c54\u9e97\u7684\u6afb\u82b1\u548c\u5f69\u8776\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u75db\u548c\u6068\u90fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cb\u61f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u300c\u8774\u8776\u4ed9\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u6700\u5177\u6b63\u9762\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u611f\u4eba\u660e\u8b49[55]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u7f8e\u5316\u4eba\u751f\u300d\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4fee\u88dc\u4e86\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u91cd\u73fe\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u3002\u523a\u9752\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u6545\u4e8b\u800c\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u968e\u7d1a\u6575\u610f\u8207\u66b4\u529b\u812b\u52fe\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u8207\u7f8e\u9e97\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u76f8\u9023\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5fc5\u9808\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6eab\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u99b4\u670d\u65bc\u523b\u677f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u72a7\u7272\u5949\u737b\u5f62\u8c61\u6216\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u5b57\u88e1\u884c\u9593\u53cd\u800c\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u30022005\u5e74\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u95dc\u897f\u5730\u5340\u4e00\u4f4d\u534a\u767e\u963f\u5b24\u55aa\u592b\u5f8c\u7368\u529b\u990a\u5927\u56db\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u70ba\u5bb6\u4eba\u800c\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u9ede\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7528\u7d0b\u8eab\u628a\u53f3\u81c2\u5e7c\u5e74\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u50b7\u75d5\u906e\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u7d0b\u4e0a\u4e00\u6735\u73ab\u7470\u5f8c\u5c31\u611b\u4e0a\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u80cc\u4e0a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u523a\u4e86\u7da0\u8449\u7261\u4e39\u548c\u4e00\u6574\u96bb\u5de8\u9f8d\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u500b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u65b0\u7af9\u300c\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u300d\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5e2b\u5085\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u523a\u9752\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u50cf\u90a3\u500b\u534a\u767e\u963f\u5b24\uff0c\u5979\u5973\u5152\u539f\u672c\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e0a\u73ed\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5f88\u67d4\u5f31\uff0c\u90fd\u6642\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u5bb6\u6b3a\u8ca0\u5566\uff0c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u53cd\u64ca\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5979\u5abd\u5abd\u5e36\u5979\u4f86\u523a\uff0c\u523a\u4e00\u500b\u7261\u4e39\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u81bd\u8b58\u4e86\uff0c\u300e\u6211\u6709\u523a\u9752\u4e86\u300f\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u4eba\u5bb6\u6b3a\u8ca0\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u5abd\u5abd\u81ea\u5df1\u904e\u4f86\u5728\u8b1b\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u81bd\u3002\u300d\u7576\u9019\u500b\u523a\u9752\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u4ee5\u300c\u4eba\u8981\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u6d3b\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b21\u6a19\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u9593\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u793a\u7bc4\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7834\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a[56]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u5168\u7248\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e5f\u63d0\u53ca\u4e00\u4f4d62\u6b72\u9000\u4f11\u5c0f\u5b78\u5973\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u523a\u9752\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\ufe30\u300c\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u66f8\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u898f\u898f\u77e9\u77e9\uff0c\u9000\u4f11\u5f8c\uff0c\u60f3\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u7559\u4e9b\u7d00\u5ff5\u300d\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u756b\u4e86\u4e00\u6735\u7d05\u85cd\u4ea4\u932f\u7684\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u8acb\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u523a\u5728\u8173\u8e1d\u4e0a\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u5fc3\u5e95\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u525b\u5192\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u570b\u65c5\u884c\u6642\u53c8\u6027\u8d77\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\u591a\u523a\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u89ba\u5f97\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u559c\u6b61\uff0c\u5c31\u523a\u4e86\u300d\u3002\u986f\u7136\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u559c\u6b61\uff0c\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u300d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8a9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8001\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5145\u6eff\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5973\u6027\u523a\u9752\u6bd4\u8d77\u5e74\u8f15\u85dd\u4eba\u7684\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u70ba\u52d5\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u5e73\u5be6\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u614b\u5ea6\u9084\u662f\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u523a\u9752\u9084\u662f\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u9b06\u52d5\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u78ba\u5be6\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u9593\uff1b\u968e\u7d1a\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5e95\u5c64\u4e00\u6a23\u4eab\u53d7\u548c\u50b2\u65bc\u523a\u9752\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u653e\u9b06\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u523a\u9752\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7e3d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u91ab\u7642\u504f\u5dee\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7a7f\u6d1e\u523a\u9752\u9084\u662f\u75a4\u7d0b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7acb\u523b\u5f15\u4f86\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u6709\u554f\u984c\u300d\u6216\u300c\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u9298\u8a18\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u901a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6b98\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u9700\u8981\u8aee\u5546\u8f14\u5c0e\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7c97\u6dfa\u8a8d\u77e5\u7576\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u4fee\u8eab\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u58d3\u8feb[57]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u76f4\u52302005\u5e74\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u5c08\u5bb6\u9ec3\u5bcc\u6e90\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u63a1\u8a2a\u6642\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u662f\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u5146\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u523a\u9752\u8005\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u901a\u5e38\u8f03\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u67d0\u500b\u53db\u9006\u786c\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u5718\u9ad4\u9760\u650f\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u5bb6\u9577\u591a\u95dc\u61f7\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee5\u514d\u6108\u73fe\u6108\u6df1[58]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u548c\u7f6a\u72af\u5316\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u5e95\u5c64\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u6027\u9867\u5fcc\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u70ba\u50b7\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u3002\u4e2d\u6b63\u570b\u9632\u5e79\u90e8\u9810\u5099\u5b78\u6821\u5728\u62db\u751f\u7c21\u7ae0\u4e2d\u660e\u5217\u689d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u523a\u9752\u8005\uff0c\u4f9d\u898f\u5b9a\u65bc\u5831\u5230\u4e8c\u5468\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\u9000\u8a13\uff0c\u8003\u751f\u53ca\u5bb6\u9577\u4e0d\u5f97\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u300d\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8003\u53d6\u4e86\u5e79\u6821\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u9000\u8a13\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u5206\u4eab\u6210\u70ba\u8ecd\u4e2d\u5e79\u90e8\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u524d\u7a0b[59]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u56b4\u5cfb\uff0c\u65b0\u7af9\u6587\u53f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6eab\u6587\u9f8d\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5df2\u7d93\u62dc\u5e2b\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d0b\u8eab5\u5e74\uff0c2005\u5e74\u5831\u8003\u7af9\u5317\u7fa9\u6c11\u4e2d\u5b78\u5ee3\u544a\u8a2d\u8a08\u79d1\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u7d20\u63cf\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u62d2\u7d55\u4ed6\u5165\u5b78\uff0c\u64d4\u5fc3\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u7247\u7d0b\u8eab\u6703\u300c\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u751f\u300d[60]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u4e86\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u5176\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u632b\u6298\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u9032\u6df1\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9053\u8def[61]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u523a\u9752\u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u5e95\u5c64\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7522\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5b89\u975c\u6c88\u9ed8\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7a4d\u6975\u6de1\u5316\u6b67\u8996\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5e95\u5c64\u5973\u6027\u7528\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u69cb\u7bc9\u7684\u6eab\u60c5\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u7537\u6027\u5e95\u5c64\u523a\u9752\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f01\u5716\u7528\u5c31\u5b78\u6216\u5c31\u696d\u4f86\u5177\u9ad4\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6642\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u505c\u7559\u5728\u539f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u7f8e\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u4e2d\u6210\u9577<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u9081\u6b65<\/p>\n

\u8840\u00a0 \u662f\u6211\u521d\u751f\u7684\u7cd6<\/p>\n

\u6c38\u6046\u00a0 \u662f\u6211\u57f7\u8457\u7684\u6df1\u60c5<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u69ae\u8000\u5730\u589e\u6dfb\u4eba\u985e\u9060\u53e4\u6642\u7684\u98a8\u91c7<\/p>\n

\u537b\u64fa\u812b\u4e0d\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u5f8c\u553e\u68c4\u7684\u7f6a\u540d<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u00a0 \u6211\u5c07\u8eab\u8ec0\u70d9\u4e0b\u4e86\u53db<\/p>\n

\u9a5a \u99ed \u6210\u4e86\u6211\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u554f\u5019<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u5047\u501f\u6211\u7684\u540d<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u5192\u7528\u6211\u7684\u5fc3<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u53ef\u6548\u7684\u52c7\u6c23<\/p>\n

\u7adf\u5f9e\u6c92\u770b\u6e05\u6211\u919e\u91c0\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5fc3\u9748<\/p>\n

\u7e7c\u7e8c\u625b\u4e0b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u5f85\u60a8\u9032\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u611b\u6211\u7684\u53e6\u985e\u60c5\u5883<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u5c07\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u00a0 \u6211\u8a3b\u5b9a\u7684\u5bbf\u547d<\/p>\n

\u539f\u4f86\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0b\u627e\u9060\u53e4\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u83ef\u9e97\u773c\u775b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2500\u2500\u856d\u6642\u54f2<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u9996\u8a69\u662f\u65b0\u838a\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5728\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u3002\u5b83\u56ae\u5f80\u523a\u9752\u9060\u53e4\u7684\u98a8\u91c7\uff0c\u611f\u5606\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u66f4\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e\u8ddd\u96e2\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u671f\u8a31\u81ea\u5df1\u7d42\u7a76\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u77e5\u97f3\u3002\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u9019\u6a23\u70d8\u6258\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a69\u6587\u5b57\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u50b3\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u51e1\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u570d\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u50b2\uff09\u4e0d\u4f46\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u9ad8\u4ea2\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u85dd\u4e0a\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u800c\u975e\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u50b3\u7d71\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u907f\u958b\u4e86\u8207\u5e95\u5c64\u908a\u7de3\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u968e\u7d1a\u9762\u5411\u3002[62]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u7576\u4ee3\u523a\u9752\u73fe\u8c61\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5206\u6b8a\u5316\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u523a\u9752\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ddd\u96e2\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u6539\u9020\u5805\u6301\u62d2\u7d55\u9032\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u900f\u904e\u66f4\u70ba\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5f62\u5f0f\u300c\u7dad\u7e6b\u5947\u89c0\u6548\u61c9\u8207\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5275\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u53cd\u53db\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\uff08Pitts, 2003: 2\uff09\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u9053\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8ffd\u6c42\u512a\u8cea\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9177\u5152\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u602a\u7570\u4e0d\u99b4\u6216\u8005\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u7acb\u7368\u884c\u4ecd\u7136\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee4\u4eba\u5074\u76ee\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u9177\u5152\u548c\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u602a\u7570\u523a\u9752\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u591a\u898b\uff08\u591a\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u500b\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u8a31\u8ffd\u6c42\u7279\u7acb\u7368\u884c\u7684\u967d\u525b\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\u3001\u5546\u696d\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u57f7\u610f\u6316\u6398\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6e90\u982d\u53ca\u5176\u9a5a\u99ed\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e8b\u696d\u7576\u6210\u300c\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u968e\u7d1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002[63]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u800c\u5e36\u4f86\u300c\u9b54\u5e7b\u300d\uff08magical\uff09\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u85dd\u8853\u672c\u8eab\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5df2\u7d93\u7d55\u8de1\u7684\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u9b54\u5e7b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u300d\uff08Freud, 113\uff09\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u85dd\u8853\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9748\u6027\u7684\u7586\u57df\uff08spiritual territory\uff09\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6216\u8a31\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u52d5\u548c\u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u88e1\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u88dd\u98fe\u4ecd\u7136\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u9b54\u5e7b\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u4fd7\u4e16\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u89c0\u8005\u5fc3\u9748\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u9707\u64bc\uff08Hewitt, 1996: 11\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9707\u64bc\u6b63\u662f\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u9707\u64bc\u624d\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u73fe\u523a\u9752\uff0f\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269\u65b0\u838a\u9a5a\u99ed\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u548c\u6eab\u60c5\u6709\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d0b\u8eab\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u7d0b\u8def\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5728\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u9a5a\u99ed\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u5982\u5169\u4e09\u6b72\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\u8aaa\u7d0b\u8eab\u662f\u6d41\u6c13\u6216\u8005\u5225\u7684\u523b\u7248\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u5857\u4e0a\u5716\u7d0b\u6216\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u6703\u9084\u6015\u7684\u54ed\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u90a3\u4e00\u80a1\u6050\u6016\u611f\u3002\u300d\u7d0b\u8eab\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u611f\u89ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u4fb7\u9650\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u9b54\u5e7b\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u6240\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u90a3\u7a2e\u5687\u4eba\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u5f88\u96e3\u53bb\u6bd4\u64ec\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u539f\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7522\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5716\u9a30\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u662f\u5687\u963b\u6575\u4eba\u8207\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u2026\u7d0b\u8eab\u662f\u5f9e\u5716\u9a30\u5d07\u62dc\u6f14\u8b8a\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u53bb\u5d07\u62dc\u5716\u9a30\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u8b1b\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5f88\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u756b\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u611f\u89ba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u500b\u529b\u91cf\u2026\u4eba\u5011\u9084\u662f\u559c\u6b61\u7d0b\u4e00\u500b\u9b3c\u982d\u554a\uff0c\u9f8d\u554a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u5f97\u6bd4\u5225\u4eba\u5147\u60e1\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u2026\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u559c\u6b61\u7d0b\u8eab\u5f37\u52e2\u611f\u7684\u4eba\u7d0b\u4e86\u8eab\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u7406\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u4ed6\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u611f\u89ba\u5c31\u6703\u93ae\u5b9a\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u7dda\u689d\u8272\u5f69\u7d0b\u8def\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u5c31\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5448\u73fe\u540c\u6a23\u7dda\u689d\u8272\u5f69\u7d0b\u8def\u7684\u8863\u7269\u6216\u756b\u4f5c\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u624d\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u76ae\u819a\u548c\u91dd\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u751f\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u60f3\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u8ddf\u76ae\u819a\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u756b\u7684\u8ddf\u7528\u523a\u7684\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u7528\u756b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6050\u6016\u611f\u6703\u6bd4\u7528\u523a\u7684\u5c11\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u5728\u770b\u7d0b\u8eab\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5f77\u5f7f\u771f\u7684\u6709\u90a3\u7a2e\u91dd\u7684\u75db\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u611f\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5e45\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u7d66\u4f60\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5f88\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7e6a\u756b\u85dd\u8853\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u770b\u6c34\u5f69\u8ddf\u770b\u6cb9\u756b\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u6cb9\u756b\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u8cea\u611f\u8207\u6c34\u5f69\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u67d4\u548c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u800c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5c31\u6703\u66f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8863\u670d\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7d0b\u8eab\u5716\u6a23\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u51fa\u7d0b\u8eab\u90a3\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u4f86\u81ea\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u8457\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u5b78\u8853\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u5316\u9069\u7528\u5230\u523a\u9752\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u5165\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u96d5\u523b\u3001\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u8853\u90fd\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\uff08Hewitt, 1996: 73; DeMello, 2000: 84\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5316\u5de5\u51fa\u8eab\u4f46\u71b1\u611b\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5e36\u9032\u523a\u9752\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5012\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u7406\u5ff5\u8cab\u7a7f\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u5275\u65b0\uff0f\u5fa9\u53e4[64]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5316\u300d\u3002\u300c\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u523a\u5ba2\u85dd\u8853\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u8303\u690d\u6e05\uff09\u90fd\u5f88\u81ea\u89ba\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u548c\u624b\u6cd5\u6df1\u523b\u53d7\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u5f8c\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u770b\u66f8\u3001\u770b\u7167\u7247\u3001\u770b\u5c55\u89bd\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u501f\u93e1\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5916\u4f86\u6587\u5316\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u53c3\u89c0\u570b\u5916\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u6642\uff0c\u5e2b\u5085\u5011\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5510\u5361\u3001\u9762\u5177\u3001\u6cd5\u5668\u7b49\uff0c\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7570\u6587\u5316\u795e\u79d8\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u795e\u79d8\u611f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u6050\u6016\u6548\u61c9\u63a5\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u5716\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u548c\u50b3\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u5167\u6db5\u3001\u98a8\u683c\u7279\u8272\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u9010\u6f38\u8d70\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\u7b49\u6b77\u53f2\u6c88\u6fb1\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u66f4\u70ba\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u501f\u53d6\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u719f\u6089\u7684\u50b3\u5947\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u5f9e\u95dc\u516c\u3001\u89c0\u97f3\u3001\u7f85\u6f22\u3001\u5230\u6c34\u6ef8\u50b3\u7684108\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u6e90\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u68c4\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u5f9e\u300c\u4e2d\u300d\u7684\u53d6\u6750\u548c\u6c1b\u570d\u4e0a\u6539\u8b8a\u8d77\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u98a8\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u860a\u6db5\u8457\u968e\u7d1a\u542b\u610f\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u990a\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u63cf\u7e6a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u7279\u6b8a\u570b\u65cf\u97fb\u5473\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8c61\u5fb5\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u6587\u5316\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6d78\u6f64\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u672c\u7a4d\u7d2f\u3002\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u4ee5\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4f86\u505a\u51fa\u6050\u6016\u611f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d0b\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u81c9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u5728\u90aa\u60e1\u4e2d\u5275\u9020\u6050\u6016\u611f\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6050\u6016\u611f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6012\u76ee\u91d1\u525b\u822c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b63\u6c23\u7684\u6050\u6016\uff1b\u9a5a\u99ed\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0b\u6c42\u6355\u6349\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u9738\u6c23\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u90aa\u4e0d\u60e1\u4f46\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u4f69\u7684\u9738\u6c23\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u95dc\u516c\u3001\u89c0\u97f3\u3001\u53ca\u6c34\u6ef8\u773e\u82f1\u96c4\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u8272\uff08\u58a8\u9ed1\uff09\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6563\u767c\u795e\u7955\u51b7\u9177\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u539f\u8272\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5716\u6a23\u4e0a\u7d9c\u5408\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u5716\u9a30\uff0c\u593e\u96dc\u65e5\u5f0f\u756b\u9762\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u81ea\u8a31\u5275\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u53db\u9006\u611f\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u5f0f\u9738\u6c23\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u6211\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\uff0c\u9738\u6c23\u7684\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7570\u985e\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u52fe\u806f\u4e0a\u300c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u4e0d\u90aa\u4e0d\u60e1\u7684\u9738\u6c23\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u967d\u525b\u7684\u523a\u9752\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u9ed1\u9053\u4e0d\u6cd5\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u662f\u812b\u96e2\u4e86\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u662f\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u82f1\u96c4\u795e\u8a71\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u53db\u9006\u611f\u662f\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u6c23\u300d\u7684\u300c\u5f37\u52e2\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u504f\u5dee\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u60e1\u9738\uff0c\u5176\u9a5a\u99ed\u7684\u9738\u6c23\u8cbc\u8fd1\u7684\u662f\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u968e\u7d1a\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9a5a\u99ed\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5728\u6027\u5225\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f01\u5716\u6ea2\u51fa\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0b\u5c64\u9ed1\u9053\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u4e0a\u6709\u5176\u7368\u9580\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9a5a\u99ed\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u5c31\u9023\u7d0b\u8eab\u624b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u6309\u5716\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u73cd\u60dc\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5be7\u53ef\u6162\u6162\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u69cb\u5716\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u6574\u9ad4\u5177\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5148\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5340\u584a\u958b\u59cb\u7d0b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u53bb\u60f3\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f86\u518d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0a\u6b21\u7684\u5340\u584a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u5716\u5f62\u3002\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5ef6\u4f38\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u300c\u9023\u7d50\u6027\u300d\u505a\u6cd5\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff1a\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\uff0c\u88ab\u7d0b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6703\u8b8a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d0b\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u727d\u5f15\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u89f8\u767c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e32\u63a5\u8d77\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7e41\u8907\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u9bae\u6d3b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u3002\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u5e36\u8457\u8208\u596e\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7d0b\u8eab\u662f\u5169\u500b\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\uff1a\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff0c\u88ab\u7d0b\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5169\u500b\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u7d0b\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u54c1\u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u7b49\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u5e45\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u5011\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u6574\u9ad4\u4e0a\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002[65]<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u548c\u7d0b\u8eab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0d\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u91d1\u79d1\u7389\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u771f\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u5b9a\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u9054\u5230\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u884c\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u5176\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u8ff0\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5acc\u9699\u4f86\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u986f\u7136\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u5f88\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u6709\u500b\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u8349\u5716\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u80cc\u4e0a\u505a\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u9019\u500b\u80cc\u4e0a\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u6216\u8005\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u3001\u6216\u8005\u9019\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u50cf\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u53bb\u52a0\u6771\u897f\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u500b\u5716\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u7e41\u8907\u3001\u5f88\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5320\u5f0f\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u505a\u3001\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u756b\u51fa\u90a3\u500b\u7e41\u8907\u7684\u5716\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u7e41\u8907\u7684\u5716\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u597d\u5e7e\u6b21\u5275\u4f5c\u624d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u76ae\u819a\u8f49\u578b\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u8981\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/u>\u3002\uff08\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u64c1\u62b1\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u50b2\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5c0d\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5e2b\u7d1a\u7684\u672c\u571f\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4ea6\u5e2b\u4ea6\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u793e\u7fa4\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u986f\u7136\u5275\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u9ede\u96e3\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\uff1a\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u570b\u969b\u5c55\u89bd\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u5373\u906d\u9047\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u8a00\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u4ed6\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u9738\u6c23\uff0c\u8af7\u523a\u4ed6\u6545\u505a\u9ad8\u8d85\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5805\u6301\u548c\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u6495\u88c2\uff0c\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u96d6\u7136\u89e3\u91cb\u591a\u6b21\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u6392\u89e3\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f4e\u8abf\u4ee5\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u8aaa\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u8aaa\u8a71\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u5f88\u6709\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u60f3\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u500b\u7d0b\u8eab\u754c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u671f\u671b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u8d8a\u5931\u671b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6211\u552f\u4e00\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u4e86\u5c31\u80fd\u8a8d\u540c\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u9593\u63a5\u537b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u807d\u4f86\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u5c0d\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u6574\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\u6709\u4e9b\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5931\u671b\u4e2d\u5805\u6301\u7684\u57f7\u8457\u537b\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u71df\u9020\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u98a8\u683c\uff1a\u662f\u967d\u525b\u7684\u6b63\u6c23\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u967d\u525b\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5145\u6eff\u570b\u65cf\u542b\u610f\u7684\u6b63\u6c23\u5316\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5316\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u7acb\u57fa\u4e0a\u978f\u56fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u6eab\u60c5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u62b9\u715e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u967d\u525b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u537b\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u628a\u9019\u500b\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u70ba\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\uff08\u85dd\u8853\u5316\u7684\uff09\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u4e86\u5e95\u5c64\u90a3\u500b\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u504f\u5dee\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u8ffd\u6c42\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u79fb\u4ee5\u958b\u5275\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u5316\u548c\u7f8e\u5b78\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u5973\u6027\u523a\u9752\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u6240\u6846\u67b6\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3001\u6eab\u60c5\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0a\u653e\u68c4\u65e5\u672c\u9ed1\u9053\u800c\u8f49\u5411\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u5947\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u6975\u7aef\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u523a\u9752\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f49\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u967d\u525b\u860a\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u548c\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u5169\u4f4d\u5e2b\u5085\u5728\u7c73\u862d\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u52c7\u596a\u570b\u969b\u5927\u734e\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u63a1\u8a2a\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9019\u6a23\u5831\u5c0e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7d0b\u8eab\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9577\u671f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u908a\u7de3\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6b78\u70ba\u300c\u9ed1\u5e6b\u300d\u5c08\u5c6c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u65e9\u5c31\u8df3\u812b\u5e6b\u6d3e\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6[\u9673\u4e16\u52c7]\u624d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5728\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e4b\u8def\u4e0d\u65b7\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u722d\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u754c\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u3002[66]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u884c\u696d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u671f\u8a31\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7f8e\u5b78\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7d0b\u8eab\u5c08\u696d\u81ea\u8a8d\u300c\u8df3\u812b\u300d\u5e6b\u6d3e\u8272\u5f69\u8d70\u5411\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6c88\u5165\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u967d\u525b\u523a\u9752\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u5236\u5ea6\u7c97\u66b4\u62d2\u65a5\u7684\u523a\u9752\u8eab\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6642\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u548c\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u908a\u7de3\u523a\u9752\u624d\u63a9\u85cf\u8457\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u8feb\uff08social oppression\uff09\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f8c\u8a18<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5b9a\u7a3f\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u6070\u5de7\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u986f\u8457\u5831\u5c0e\u4e86\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7d50\u8a9e\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a3b\u8173\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u55ae\u89aa\u5abd\u5abd\u7684\u5168\u80cc\u523a\u9752\u767b\u4e0a\u5a92\u9ad4\u30024\u500b\u6708\u524d\u5979\u525b\u8003\u4e0a\u79ae\u5100\u5e2b\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u7c4c\u8fa6\u55aa\u79ae\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u5979\u6158\u906d\u9152\u99d5\u8005\u649e\u6b7b\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u5152\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u7576\u6642\u66fe\u5831\u5c0e\u5979\u54c0\u75db\u5730\u61c7\u6c42\u5927\u773e\u4e0d\u8981\u9152\u99d5\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u5973\u5152\u751f\u65e5\u7576\u5929\uff0c\u5979\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e868\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u75db\u695a\uff0c\u5c07\u611b\u5973\u71e6\u721b\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u7b11\u81c9\u523a\u5728\u80cc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u548c\u5973\u5152\u5206\u96e2[67]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6bcd\u611b\u89aa\u60c5\u548c\u9152\u99d5\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u9762\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u57289\u670811\u65e5\u540c\u5929\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u65e5\u5f70\u5316\u5927\u6176\u5546\u5de5\u8981\u6c42\u4e09\u540d\u8eab\u4e0a\u523a\u6709\u5927\u7247\u9b3c\u982d\u9f8d\u864e\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5b78\u751f\u8f49\u8b80\u591c\u6821\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u6709\u4e86\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4e2d\u90e8\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u523a\u9752\u70ba\u7531\u8981\u6c42\u8f49\u8b80\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7559\u5728\u539f\u73ed\u5c31\u8b80\u3002\u6821\u65b9\u5ba3\u4f48\u4e0d\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u5b78\u751f\u8f49\u8b80\uff0c\u4f46\u6703\u52a0\u5f37\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5169\u4f4d\u9078\u64c7\u8f49\u6821[68]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u5c64\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u5fc3\u88e1\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u967d\u525b\u3001\u5e95\u5c64\u542b\u610f\u7684\u5927\u7247\u523a\u9752\u96d6\u7136\u4ecd\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u793a\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u958b\u660e\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u7e7c\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u662f\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\uff08\u665a\u671f\uff0f\u5f8c\uff09\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u69cb\u2500\u2500\u8b8a\u8eab\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u8089\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\uff0893-2411-H-008-003-BH\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u611f\u8b1d\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u773e\u4f4d\u523a\u9752\u5927\u5e2b\u548c\u6211\u5468\u570d\u7121\u6578\u8eab\u4e0a\u9298\u523b\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u81ea\u9078\u5716\u6848\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u3002\u8b1d\u8b1d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u52a9\u7406\u6c88\u6167\u5a77\u6536\u96c6\u66f8\u76ee\u3001\u8303\u59dc\u677e\u4f36\u8207\u6797\u6021\u9756\u6574\u7406\u8a2a\u8ac7\u8b04\u7a3f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u521d\u7a3f\u3008\u4e16\u4fd7\u8207\u9a5a\u99ed\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3009\u65bc2009\u5e74\u5143\u67083-4\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u6703\u5e74\u6703\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u611f\u8b1d\u9ec3\u91d1\u9c57\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5bf6\u8cb4\u610f\u898b\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u6295\u7a3f\u7684\u6539\u5beb\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8b1d\u53f0\u793e\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u533f\u540d\u8a55\u5be9\u63d0\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u520a\u51fa\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u4fee\u8a02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u5916\u96fb\u5831\u5c0e\u7f8e\u570b\u76ae\u819a\u79d1\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u671f\u520a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c18\u523029\u6b72\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7d0436%\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u6709\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7a7f\u9ad4\u74b0\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u7f8e\u570b\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u8f29\u5c0d\u65bc\u64cd\u4f5c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7a4d\u6975\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u523a\u9752\u7a7f\u6d1e48%\u7f8e\u9752\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2006\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300824%\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c111\u523a\u9752\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2006\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5f9e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4fbf\u4e0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u570b\u5916\u5404\u7a2e\u523a\u9752\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ca\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u8b66\u544a\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u8f15\u6613\u5617\u8a66\u523a\u9752\u6216\u7a7f\u6d1e\u4ee5\u514d\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u6094\u4e0d\u7576\u521d\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u958b\u59cb\u666e\u53ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u75a4\u7d0b\uff08scarification\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u75c5\u7406\u5316\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u81ea\u68c4\u81ea\u6068\uff0c\u8f49\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u6b98\u5bb3\u6216\u662f\u81ea\u6bba\u5931\u6557\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u547c\u7c72\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e26\u5c0a\u91cd\u75a4\u7d0b\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a6e\u91cb\u548c\u80fd\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u88ab\u5664\u8072\u6216\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u77e5\u8b58\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d6e\u73fe\uff08Pitts, 2000: 299\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u5272\u88c2\u820c\u982d\u8fd1\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5dde\u8b70\u6703\u57282003\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u5065\u5eb7\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u6c11\u5272\u88c2\u820c\u982d\u3002\u3008\u7f8e\u5c11\u5e74\u54c8\u5272\u820c \u4f0a\u5dde\u64ec\u4e0b\u7981\u4ee4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u665a\u5831\u300b2003\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8b8a\u8eab\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u4ee3\u9593\u722d\u6230\u542b\u610f\uff1a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u90fd\u5728\u4ee3\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u62c9\u626f\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u5dde\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7981\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u4ee3\u9593\u6b0a\u529b\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u660e\u986f\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u6700\u5ee3\u53d7\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u5023\u7378\u8005\u7f8e\u570b\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u827e\u4f5b\u7d0d\u5728\u904e\u53bb25\u5e74\u5167\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0a\u5343\u6b21\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u9762\u4e0a\u7d0b\u4e86\u864e\u6591\u7d0b\uff0c\u524d\u984d\u548c\u9f3b\u4e0b\u690d\u5165\u91d1\u5c6c\u91d8\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u864e\u9b1a\uff0c\u96d9\u8033\u548c\u7259\u9f52\u90fd\u4fee\u5c16\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u690d\u5165\u864e\u722a\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7d0b\u8eab\u6574\u578b\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u5fb9\u5e95\u50cf\u8001\u864e\u3002\u3008\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u864e\u4eba \u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u8b8a\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e748\u670829\u65e5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7f8e\u570b\u5fb7\u5dde\u7684\u524d\u535a\u58eb\u751fErik Sprague\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6539\u9020\u6210\u8725\u8734\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u820c\u982d\u5272\u88c2\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86400\u5c0f\u6642\u5c07\u5168\u8eab\u523a\u4e0a\u7da0\u8272\u9c57\u7247\uff0c\u984d\u982d\u690d\u5165\u89d2\u9aa8\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5019\u79d1\u6280\u88fd\u9020\u4e00\u689d\u4ee5\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u505a\u6210\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/www.thelizardman.com\/<\/a>\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u66fe\u628a\u8eab\u9ad4\u6539\u9020\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u958b\u5275\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u6cbb\u7642\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u6f14\u5316\u300d\uff08Hewitt, 1996\uff1a2\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6700\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u864e\u4eba\u548c\u8725\u8734\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6d41\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u9738\u6b0a\uff08\u5f9e\u52d5\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u70ba\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9006\u52e2\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf\u5df2\u7136\u5145\u5206\u8d85\u8d8a\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u300d\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6e34\u671b\u622a\u80a2\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u69cb\u6210\u6539\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u3008\u622a\u80a2\u5984\u60f3\u7537 \u81ea\u6b98\u53cd\u89ba\u5e78\u798f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2008\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u6a61\u81a0\uff0f\u4e73\u81a0\uff0fPVC\u65cf\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6200\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u617e\u53e3\u5473\u4e0a\u504f\u597d\u4ee5\u9019\u985e\u6750\u8cea\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u8cbc\u8eab\u8863\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Time<\/em>\u96dc\u8a8c\u66fe\u65bc1970\u5e7410\u6708\u520a\u51fa\u201dTattoo Renaissance\u201d\uff08\u3008\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u3009\uff09\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7576\u6642\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u98a8\u884c\u4ee5\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u70ba\u9ad4\u73fe\u53cd\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5716\u6848\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u6230\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u7b26\u865f\u8207\u4ee3\u8868\u9ed1\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9ed1\u8c79\u7b49\uff08http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,904617,00.html<\/a>\uff09\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u518d\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u8fad\u5f59\u6642\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u523a\u9752\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u548c\u523a\u9752\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u5316\uff08Pitts, 2000: 3\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u986f\u7136\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u6216\u8005\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u6536\u7de8\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u50cf\u523a\u9752\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u6703\u7565\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\ufe30\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f54\u64da\u672c\u4f86\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u5230\u7684\u908a\u7de3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u628a\u908a\u7de3\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u9020\u3001\u5275\u9020\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u69cb\u7bc9\u81ea\u50b2\u7684\u51a0\u5195\u300c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u300d\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u98a8\u6f6e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u62b9\u715e\u524d\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\uff0cHebdige\u56e0\u6b64\u66fe\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u908a\u7de3\u8005\u7684\u300c\u52dd\u5229\u300d\uff08triumph\uff09\uff08Hebdige, 1979: 3\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u548c\u300c\u523a\u9752\u300d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u63db\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e92\u63db\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u9a5a\u99ed\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5e2b\u5085\u63d0\u8d77\uff1a\u300c\u5176\u5be6\u53e4\u4ee3\u662f\u8aaa\u7d0b\u8eab\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u4eba\u8b1b\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u505a\u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u5c31\u6539\u70ba\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u6d41\u884c\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7528\u523a\u9752\u4e86\uff0c\u7d0b\u8eab\u597d\u50cf\u53c8\u8b8a\u5f97\u512a\u96c5\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u6b64\u8655\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u53e4\u5178\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u5206\u6790\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u539f\u672c\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u793e\u5340\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u4e2d\u7522\u8cfc\u5c4b\u8005\u548c\u623f\u7522\u5546\u9032\u99d0\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u6539\u9020\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u968e\u7d1a\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c07\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u8d95\u5230\u66f4\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u5340\u88e1\uff08Lees et. al., 2008: 9\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u5e97\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4f4d\u79fb\u5247\u662f\u53cd\u5411\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7522\u9ede\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u523a\u9752\u5e97\uff0c\u9032\u99d0\u4e2d\u7522\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u5340\u57df\u4ee5\u4f54\u6709\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u6253\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u71df\u696d\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c55\u73fe\u6975\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u6027\uff08\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c07\u300c\u4ed5\u7d33\u5316\u300d\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u79fb\u4f4d\uff08\u5982Halnon 2002: 511\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7d30\u770b\u9019\u500b\u63d0\u5347\u662f\u900f\u904e\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> 2004\u5e74\u82d7\u6817\u7e23\u885b\u751f\u5c40\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5165\u4f0d\u5f79\u7537\u8eab\u9ad4\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u70ba13\uff05\uff0c\u8f0310\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6578\u64da4.6\uff05\u6210\u9577\u5c07\u8fd13\u500d\u3002\u3008\u7814\u7a76\u5f79\u7537\u523a\u9752 \u82d7\u91ab\u7372\u734e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2004\u5e745\u670828\u65e5\u3002\u82d7\u6817\u7e23\u4e26\u7121\u7279\u5225\u986f\u8457\u7684\u9ed1\u9053\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u5c1a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u71b1\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u523a\u9752\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6210\u9577\u6578\u5b57\u61c9\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5fb5\u5019\u6027\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u8a31\u591a\u5973\u6027\u523a\u9752\u90fd\u662f\u7d50\u4f34\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u6642\u5c1a\u8da8\u52e2\u548c\u540c\u5115\u5fc3\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\u63a5\u53d7\u523a\u9752\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u89c0\uff0c\u3008\u8d95\u6642\u9ae6 \u5973\u6027\u523a\u9752\u6fc0\u589e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2003\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u8521\u5e78\u79c0\uff082006\uff09\u3001\u838a\u59ae\u5a1c\uff082007\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u5a92\u9ad4\u6301\u7e8c\u5831\u5c0e\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u3008\u300a\u65b0\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u504f\u611b\u7d0b\u8eab\u300b\u5716\u6848 \u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a \u6027\u5225 \u5973\u6bd4\u7537\u591a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b 2003\u5e744\u670819\u65e5\uff1b\u3008\u523a\u9752\u8d95\u6d41\u884c \u5973\u6bd4\u7537\u591a\u3009\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u6642\u5831\u300b2008\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\u3002\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u611f\u523a\u9752\u5df2\u7d93\u591a\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90fd\u7368\u7acb\u8209\u8fa6\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u300c\u7d0b\u8eab\u821e\u5b43\u5927\u8cfd\u300d\uff0c\u898b\u3008\u80a1\u6e9d\u523a\u9752\u6bd4\u57fa\u5c3c\u6427\u60c5\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e749\u670825\u65e5\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u71b1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8521\u5e78\u79c0\uff082006\uff09\u548c\u838a\u59ae\u5a1c\uff082007\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u9019\u80a1\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e\u4e5f\u5e36\u52d5\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6548\u61c9\u30022006\u5e7410\u670822\u65e5\u806f\u5408\u5831\u4ee5\u5168\u7248\u5831\u5c0e\u300c\u523a\u9752\ufe30\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7f8e\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c55\u793a\u570b\u5167\u5916\u540d\u4eba\u7684\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5728\u523a\u9752\u524d\u5f8c\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u66f4\u4ecb\u7d39\u76f8\u95dc\u7522\u54c1\u5982\u523a\u9752T\u6064\u3001\u523a\u9752\u7a7f\u5b54\u676f\u7897\uff0c\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u6b63\u5f0f\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ca\u500b\u6027\u5546\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u4ee5\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u9298\u523b\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\u751a\u81f3\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u7269\u54c1\u4e0a\uff0c2006\u5e74\u53f0\u5851\u6c7d\u8eca\u520a\u51fa\u5168\u7248\u5831\u7d19\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u65b0\u51fa\u54c1\u7684\u8eca\u6b3e\u5728\u8eca\u982d\u71c8\u5468\u570d\u5674\u4e0a\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u5716\u6a23\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u8a5e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6642\u5c1a\u6027\uff1a\u300c21\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684Tattoo\u6642\u5c1a\u5f9e\u8eab\u4e0a\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u8eca\u4e0a\u300d\u3002\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u751a\u81f3\u8513\u5ef6\u8d8a\u904e\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5cc7\u91cc\u5cf6\u89c0\u5149\u5ba2\u8cfc\u7269\u5340\u5c31\u5c55\u552e\u8a31\u591a\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b72\u5e7c\u5152\u7a7f\u6d1e\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u70ba\u5716\u6a23\u7684T\u6064\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5f8c\u88fd\u62fc\u5716\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e74\u8f15\u6d88\u8cbb\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8edf\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u542b\uff1a\u9023\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8eab\u8ca0\u523a\u9752\u7a7f\u6d1e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u986f\u7136\u662f\u9177\u800c\u53ef\u611b\uff0c\u591a\u904e\u53ef\u6015\u75db\u695a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u523a\u9752\u5c31\u5982\u611b\u60c5\u523a\u9752\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8b\u904e\u5883\u9077\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\u96a8\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u4f86\u81fa\u7684\u69ae\u6c11\u5f88\u591a\u8eab\u4e0a\u90fd\u523a\u8457\u300c\u53cd\u653b\u5927\u9678\u3001\u6bba\u6731\u62d4\u6bdb\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u9298\u523b\u4e86\u611b\u570b\u60c5\u64cd\u8207\u596e\u6230\u6c7a\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u9023\u7d50\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u9858\u666f\u548c\u570b\u65cf\u5149\u74b0\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u9a55\u50b2\u5149\u69ae\u7684\u8a18\u865f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u722d\u6230\u958b\u59cb\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u611b\u570b\u300d\u523a\u9752\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u932f\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4e0b\u6587\u300c\u6df1\u60c5\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u7f8e\u5b78\u300d\u4e00\u7bc0\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u985e\u771f\u4eba\u5be6\u5883\u79c0\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u570b\u8ecd\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5169\u6240\u76e3\u7344\u5c31\u662f\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u65b0\u5e97\u76e3\u7344\u8207\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u81fa\u5357\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u570b\u8ecd\u516b\u500b\u770b\u5b88\u6240\u7f88\u62bc\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u5224\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8b9e\u5f8c\u4fbf\u6703\u5206\u5225\u9001\u65b0\u5e97\u76e3\u7344\u8207\u81fa\u5357\u76e3\u7344\u57f7\u5211\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u8ecd\u6cd5\u53f8\u7db2\u7ad9http:\/\/www.mnd.gov.tw\/Publish.aspx?cnid=109\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u5085\u67ef\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u88ab\u5c48\u5f9e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u6642\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f4d\u968e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0d\u5920\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u3001\u7c97\u6dfa\u3001\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\u7684\u5eb6\u6c11\u77e5\u8b58\uff08Foucault, 2003: 7\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u523a\u9752\u7684\u793e\u6703\u518d\u73fe\u7576\u7136\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u548c\u9ed1\u9053\u72af\u7f6a\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u8981\u72af\u6e3e\u8eab\u523a\u9f8d\u523a\u864e\u3001\u7121\u540d\u7537\u5c4d\u56e0\u523a\u9752\u800c\u88ab\u65b7\u5b9a\u5176\u9ed1\u9053\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u9732\u523a\u9752\u6050\u5687\u8a0e\u9322\u7b49\u7b49\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u30021987\u5e74\u56e0\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u5169\u5cb8\u63a2\u89aa\uff0c\u8eab\u8ca0\u300c\u6bba\u6731\u62d4\u6bdb\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53cd\u653b\u5927\u9678\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53cd\u5171\u6297\u4fc4\u300d\u7b49\u523a\u9752\u7684\u8001\u5175\u7d1b\u7d1b\u8fd4\u9109\u63a2\u89aa\uff0c\u56e0\u8eab\u4e0a\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5b57\u6a23\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u4e5f\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u56e0\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9077\u800c\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u523a\u9752\u6587\u5316\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u5076\u800c\u4e5f\u6703\u9032\u5165\u672c\u5730\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u570b\u969b\u842c\u8c61\u7248\u9762\uff0c\u70ba\u71b1\u611b\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u5e36\u4f86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u30022000\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u7d0b\u9762\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u958b\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u88ab\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u7470\u5bf6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u5f15\u81ea\u9ec3\u7c73\u9732\u5c0d\u9ec3\u68cb\u6cc9\u7684\u5c08\u8a2a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u5f15\u81ea\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4fee\u5716\u6280\u8853\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u523a\u9752\u6280\u85dd\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u9577\u8db3\u7684\u8e8d\u9032\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5982\u3008\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u8513\u5ef6\u958b\u4f86\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u00a0\u300b1999\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c2000\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u63a8\u52d5\u70ba\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u514d\u8cbb\u63d0\u4f9b\u96f7\u5c04\u53bb\u9664\u523a\u9752\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5927\u52a0\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5f9e\u53f0\u5317\u3001\u6843\u5712\u3001\u65b0\u7af9\u3001\u5230\u53f0\u4e2d\u3001\u5f70\u5316\u3001\u53f0\u5357\u3001\u9ad8\u96c4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7e23\u5e02\u90fd\u8fa6\u7406\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u7684\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u56b4\u91cd\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u983b\u7e41\u5ea6\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u6f6e\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u7684\u71b1\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6182\u5fc3\u4e5f\u66fe\u516c\u958b\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff1a\u300c\u79c1\u5e95\u4e0b\u4ed6[\u9673\u4e16\u52c7]\u548c\u5728\u5357\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5085\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u8ac7\u53ca\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u8d70\u5411\u800c\u6182\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u534a\u5b78\u5f92\u51fa\u8eab\u8005\uff0c\u70ba\u9322\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f88\u64d4\u5fc3\u4ecd\u5c6c\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u6703\u56e0\u4efd\u5b50\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6c42\u9032\u6b65\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u300d\u3008\u6d3b\u83e9\u85a9 \u7d0b\u8eab\u6551\u82e6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e743\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5247\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u4e00\u8209\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> \u5f15\u81ea\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u3008\u4e16\u754c\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u5c55 \u523a\u9752\u8cfd\u767b\u5834\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u4e2d\u58e2\u300c\u5f6b\u5ba2\u85dd\u8853\u7d0b\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u8303\u690d\u6e05\u53d7\u8a2a\u6642\u611f\u6168\u7684\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u885b\u751f\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u7f8e\u5bb9\u3001\u7f8e\u9aee\u3001\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u95dc\u7ba1\u7406\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81f3\u4eca\u7121\u6cd5\u53ef\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u7d50\u5408\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5728\u7af6\u722d\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u8fa8\u8b58\u5ea6\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u860a\u6db5\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u968e\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f55\u7a2e\u523a\u9752\u5716\u6848\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u523a\u9752\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u9762\u7a4d\u3001\u7531\u8ab0\u57f7\u884c\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u523a\u9752\u5927\u5e2b\u5011\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u767b\u4e0a\u523a\u9752\u520a\u7269\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u548c\u7248\u9762\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u523a\u9752\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u611f\u89ba\uff08DeMello, 2000: 8\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u968e\u5e8f\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u591a\u534a\u4ee5\u71b1\u9580\u70ba\u8003\u91cf\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53f0\u5317\u6771\u5340\u66fe\u70ba\u773e\u591a\u85dd\u4eba\u64cd\u5200\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5927\u6bdb\u5c31\u5927\u7d05\u7279\u7d05\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u4e5f\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u523a\u9752\u7684\u89c0\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5927\u5e2b\u3001\u523a\u9752\u96dc\u8a8c\u3001\u523a\u9752\u7bc0\u76ee\u3001\u523a\u9752\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u5f62\u8c61\uff08DeMello, 2000: 97\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u754c\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6c61\u540d\u884c\u696d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u6548\u7528\u3002\u50cf\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53d7\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u85c9\u8457\u756b\u5bb6\u3001\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u3001\u88dd\u7f6e\u85dd\u8853\u5e2b\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u904b\u7b49\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5171\u901a\u6027\u6216\u95dc\u9023\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6de1\u5316\u5176\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u59822005\u5e74\u5433\u74ca\u83ef\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u610f\u8b58\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u53f0\u5317101\u5c55\u51fa\u300c\u300eMADE IN TAIWAN\u2500\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\u300f\uff0c\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/www.newtaiwan.com.tw\/bulletinview.jsp?bulletinid=22808<\/a>\u3002\u53c8\u59822006\u5e74\u5c08\u696d\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u9673\u656c\u5bf6\u5ee3\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/chinpao1020\/archives\/1825638.html<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u3008\u7d0b\u8eab \u523a\u88f8\u88f8\u73fe\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2003\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> \u53c3\u5c55\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u9084\u7279\u5225\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u5169\u4ef6\u9752\u5929\u767d\u65e5\u6eff\u5730\u7d05\u7684\u570b\u65d7\u809a\u515c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u65b9\u4fbf\u5728\u5834\u5167\u5c55\u9732\u80cc\u90e8\u5927\u5e45\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u85c9\u6b64\u6253\u97ff\u53f0\u7063\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u5c0d\u6e34\u671b\u570b\u969b\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u8cfd \u53f0\u7063\u52c7\u596a2\u91d11\u9280\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2009\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u805a\u6703 \u5927\u79c0\u7f8e\u9e97\u7d0b\u8eab\u5716\u6a23\u3009\uff0cEttoday\u65b0\u805e\uff0c2006\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u50c5\u4ee5\u4e2d\u58e2\u5927\u6c5f\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f9e2007\u5e74\u8d77\u9023\u7e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u8209\u8fa6\u7d0b\u8eab\u5f69\u7e6a\u79c0\uff0c\u9080\u8acb\u4e0d\u540c\u523a\u9752\u9928\u4f86\u53c3\u5c55\uff0c\u5e36\u52d5\u4eba\u6f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> 2008\u5e74\u5ee3\u53d7\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u58be\u4e01\u97f3\u6a02<\/a>\u5b63\u6d3b\u52d5\u540c\u6b65\u8209\u8fa6\u300c2008\u5e74\u6211\u611bTATTOO\u58be\u4e01\u570b\u969b\u523a\u9752\u5c55\u300d[37]<\/strong>\uff0c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u4f48\u5c07\u300c\u6d17\u5237\u5916\u754c\u8a8d\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u96e3\u767b\u5927\u96c5\u4e4b\u5802\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u558a\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u523a\u9752\u6709\u7406\uff01TATTOO\u7121\u7f6a\uff01\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u8868\u5c6c\u65bcTATTOO\u7684\u65b0\u821e\u53f0\uff01\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u5c6c\u300e\u6b21\u7d0b\u5316\u300f\u7684\u65b0\u8072\u97f3\uff01\u300d\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u628a\u523a\u9752\u300c\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u3001\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6d3b\u52d5\u628a\u523a\u9752\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u884c<\/a>\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4e26\u9080\u5f97\u5168\u7403\u98a8\u884c\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u300c\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\u523a\u9752\u5ba2\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2Christ Garver\u53caMatthew Amey\u7b49\u570b\u5916<\/a>\u300c\u5927\u5e2b\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u5ee3\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> \u81ea\u547d\u300c\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u9019\u6587\u5316\u76e1\u5fc3\u76e1\u529b\u300d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u64da\u8aaa\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e94\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u65b0\u7af9\u5f6b\u4e4b\u52c7\u7684\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\uff0c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5f6b\u68cb\u7684\u9ec3\u68cb\u6cc9\uff0c\u53f0\u5357\u7570\u4eba\u9928\u7684\u9673\u6176\u7965\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\u5f6b\u5b89\u7684\u9673\u653f\u96c4\uff0c\u548c\u9ad8\u96c4\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u694a\u91d1\u7965\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u53f0\u7063\u770b\u5f85\u523a\u9752\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u9ec3\u7c73\u9732\u7684\u5c08\u8a2a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u3008\u4e16\u754c\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u5c55 \u523a\u9752\u8cfd\u767b\u5834\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> \u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u9ed1\u9053\u548c\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u7537\u6027\u523a\u9752\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u9019\u662f\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u5e95\u5c64\u7537\u6027\u8868\u9054\u967d\u525b\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u7d50\u9ee8\u7d50\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5e95\u5c64\u7537\u6027\u660e\u78ba\u611f\u53d7\u968e\u7d1a\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u5834\u57df\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u53ca\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u672c\u571f\u523a\u9752\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u4e00\u584a\uff0c\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u5225\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u65cf\u7fa4\uff09\u9020\u6210\u63a5\u89f8\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u6642\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9593\u63a5\u8a62\u554f\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u672c\u6587\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u65e9\u5e74\u5404\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u89d2\u843d\u88e1\u9762\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\u6bd4\u8f03\u5411\u5916\u62d3\u5c55\u3001\u767c\u9054\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u3001\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u773e\u5316\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5acc\u9699\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5e2b\u5085\u986f\u7136\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5f88\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u53ea\u7c60\u7d71\u8aaa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u591a\u5230\u300c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u5c0f\u8aaa\u300d\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5acc\u9699\u5728\u523a\u9752\u6cf0\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u986f\u7684\u62b1\u6028\uff1a\u300c\u8eab\u70ba\u523a\u9752\u5e2b..\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u8981\u53bb\u7dad\u8b77\u9019\u584a\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u571f\u5730..\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u6c92\u539f\u5247..\u4e82\u641e..\u8acb\u554f??\u6703\u6709\u597d\u7684\u6536\u7a6b\u55ce??\u8a18\u5f97\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u8981\u89e3\u6563\u6642..\u53f0\u7063\u7d0b\u8eab\u754c\u5448\u73fe\u975e\u5e38\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u73fe\u8c61 \u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u6368..\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u6709\u4eba\u62b1\u8457\u770b\u6232\u7684\u5fc3\u614b..\u8b93\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u89e3…<\u6a4b>\u771f\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u904e\u6cb3\u7684\u55ce??\u5c07\u5fc3\u6bd4\u5fc3\u561b!!\u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u4f60\u7528\u5fc3\u7bc9\u8d77\u7684\u6c99\u96d5..\u88ab\u4eba\u60e1\u610f\u7834\u58de\u4e86..\u4f60\u5fc3\u7406\u6703\u597d\u53d7\u55ce??\u672c\u4eba\u96d6\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6709\u8457\u591a\u5049\u5927\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u62b1\u8ca0..\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684!!\u4eba….\u5982\u679c\u5fd8\u672c\u4e86…\u5c31\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba…\u8a18\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u597d\u591a\u5e2b\u5085\u4f86\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u96c4\u53c3\u5c55..\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5927\u5bb6..\u662f\u500b\u5718\u9ad4..\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5f88\u58ef\u5927..\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u8b19\u865b..\u7121\u5206\u5e74\u9f61..\u5be6\u529b..\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba…\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6703<\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703>\u6709\u4e86\u540d\u6c23..\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae..\u6709\u540d\u5f8c..\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u5229\u561b\uff01\u5229\u76ca\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e00\u51fa\u73fe..\u500b\u9ad4\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86..\u500b\u9ad4\u4e00\u51fa\u73fe!!\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u4f86\u4e86..\u5718\u9ad4\u751f\u6d3b\u6700\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba!!\u81ea\u79c1\u3001\u8caa\u5fc3\u7684\u50a2\u5925..\u9019\u500b\u76ca\u6211\u826f\u591a\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u7d66\u786c\u751f\u751f\u7684\u62c6\u6563\u4e86…\u7576\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u5e2b\u5085\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u52aa\u529b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684!!\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u7dad\u504f\u6389\u7684\u4eba\u537b\u958b\u59cb\u5192\u51fa\u982d\u4e86..\u537b\u641e\u8d77\u4e86\u9020\u795e\u904b\u52d5..\u641e\u5671\u982d\u5566..\u641e\u5206\u88c2\u554a..\u8981\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8d77\u6f14\u54e1….\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c!\u8acb\u554f\u4e00\u4e0b? \u4f5c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5c0d\u7d0b\u8eab\u6280\u8853\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u55ce??\u6709\u6599\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6599..\u4e00\u8a66\u4fbf\u77e5!!\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u5e2b\u5085\u662f\u9760\u52aa\u529b..\u6c7a\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u5634\u76ae\u6216\u662f\u9760\u5a92\u9ad4\u5439\u6367\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u5f37\u7684…\u8981\u4e0d\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u756b\u756b..\u4e0d\u7528\u7df4\u7fd2..\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0a\u96fb\u8996\u8868\u6f14\u5c31\u597d\u4e86..\u6211\u5011\u662f\u85dd\u8853<\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005>..\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f<\u8868\u6f14\u8005>\u00a0\u300d\u3002http:\/\/tw.myblog.yahoo.com\/jw!srJ8GRGBGw4LM5pkj9S0bdB_Ph7w\/article?mid=578&prev=582&next=564<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u806f\u8abc\u6703\u5c08\u5c6c\u7db2\u9801\uff08http:\/\/www.taiwan-tattoo.com.tw\/club_aim.asp<\/a>\uff09\u53ea\u66f4\u65b0\u52302004\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c2006\u5e74\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6703\u88ab\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\u300c\u74b0\u7403\u523a\u9752\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u6240\u7b56\u5283\u7684\u96dc\u8a8c\u8b80\u8005\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u3002\u4e0d\u904e2007\u5e74\u5728\u53f0\u5357\u4ec1\u5fb7\u8209\u8fa6\u4e16\u754c\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u6642\uff0c\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u5411\u5a92\u9ad4\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u8aaa\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u5343\u591a\u4f4d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u548c\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4f4d\u696d\u9918\u611b\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u9817\u70ba\u53ef\u89c0\u3002\u3008\u4e16\u754c\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u5c55 \u523a\u9752\u8cfd\u767b\u5834\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5\u3002\u5b9a\u7a3f\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u865f\u7a31\u4e9e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u523a\u9752\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u7f8e\u5f0f\u9910\u5ef3\u7684\u300c\u74b0\u7403\u523a\u9752\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u300d2010\u5e742\u670821\u65e5\u5728\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u958b\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd1\u767e\u540d\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u548c\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u5230\u5834\u5c55\u793a\u7372\u734e\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u5347\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u628a\u4f11\u9592\u548c\u523a\u9752\u66f4\u70ba\u5177\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u7e7c\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u66f8\u5beb\u6587\u5b57\u90fd\u5f88\u6d3b\u6f51\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u5716\u7247\u4e5f\u5f88\u8c50\u5bcc\u30022006\u5e74\u6691\u5047\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7121\u8e64\u5f71\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5230\u6700\u591a\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u5927\u6982\u8981\u7b97\u677f\u6a4b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d0b\u8eab\u7279\u5340\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u300c\u7d0b\u8eab\u5929\u5730\u7db2\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u9ec3\u9801\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u5916\u4e26\u7121\u793e\u5340\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002http:\/\/www.tattoosno1.com.tw\/index.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u9664\u4e86\u539f\u540d\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u300b\u7684\u300a\u74b0\u7403\u523a\u9752\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u66f8\u5e97\u4e2d\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cb7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u523a\u9752\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767c\u884c\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u300a\u523a\u9752\u6975\u9650\u300b\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u53f0\u4e0a\u5e02\u70ba\u300a\u523a\u9752\u760b\u300b\u7684\u65e5\u672cTattoo Burst<\/em>\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u5305\u62ec\u523a\u9752\u6642\u5c1a\u3001\u6f6e\u6d41\u7a7f\u8457\u914d\u642d\uff0c\u513c\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u523a\u9752\u7576\u4f5c\u6642\u5c1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> \u523a\u9752\u6709\u6642\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5805\u5b9a\u6df1\u60c5\u30022005\u5e74\u6fb3\u6d32\u9000\u4f11\u91ab\u5e2b\u5361\u7279\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\u523a\u4e86\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u6551\u300d\uff08Do Not Resuscitate\uff09\u7684\u5b57\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u7671\u7613\u6216\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7121\u6cd5\u8868\u9054\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6025\u6551\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u3008\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u6551 \u523a\u9752\u660e\u5fd7\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8af7\u523a\u30022004\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u5973\u5b50\u4ee5\u53e3\u7d05\u5728\u8179\u90e8\u7e6a\u4e0a\u4eff\u69cd\u64ca\u6848\u50b7\u75d5\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u5927\u9762\u570b\u65d7\u5728\u7e3d\u7d71\u5e9c\u524d\u6297\u722d\u96c6\u6703\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8072\u5436\u558a\u8af7\u523a\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u9047\u523a\u4e00\u6848\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u5f8c\u5f15\u767c\u5023\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5230\u523a\u9752\u5e97\u8981\u6c42\u69cd\u64ca\u50b7\u53e3\u7684\u5f69\u7e6a\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u570b\u65d7\u8207\u570b\u5fbd\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5716\u9a30\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u6210\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5716\u6848\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u809a\u76ae\u79c0\u69cd\u50b7 \u523a\u9752\u65b0\u73a9\u610f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2004\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u7559\u6c38\u6046 \u570b\u5167\u9996\u4efd\u523a\u9752\u6708\u66c6\u4eae\u76f8\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\u3002\u3008\u98db\u5929\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0 \u6797\u6797\u65e9\u901d\u7684\u9752\u6625\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e744\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> \u3008\u5c11\u5a66\u80cc\u523a\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u5f14\u4ea1\u592b\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2006\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> \u3008\u7f8e\u5973\u80cc\u523a\u9752 \u723a\u723a\u5927\u982d\u7167\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> \u9664\u4e86\u89aa\u60c5\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9069\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u5225\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u30022005\u5e747\u6708\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u5728\u53f0\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7c4d\u82f1\u6587\u6559\u5e2b\u300c\u8607\u5a77\u300d\u8acb\u9673\u4e16\u52c7\u5728\u5de6\u8170\u7d0b\u4e0a\u4e00\u6574\u4e32\u7d05\u8272\u6885\u82b1\u4ee5\u300c\u8b49\u660e\u5979\u559c\u6b61\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5a92\u9ad4\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u751a\u56c2\u5875\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u611b\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u60c5\u7d50\u4ee5\u8f49\u5316\u523a\u9752\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3002\u3008\u6d0b\u599e\u611b\u53f0\u7063 \u6885\u82b1\u7d0b\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> \u3008\u6d3b\u83e9\u85a9\u7d0b\u8eab\u6551\u82e6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e743\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> \u963f\u91d1\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u5c0f\u7368\u7acb\u8b00\u751f\uff0c\u53c8\u64d4\u4efb\u516c\u95dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u5168\u88f8\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b\u520a\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5831\u5c0e\u6642\u7684\u914d\u5716\u7adf\u7136\u9078\u7528\u5979\u5168\u88f8\u4e14\u9732\u6bdb\u5c55\u793a\u8eab\u9ad4\u5074\u908a\u6574\u96bb\u5927\u578b\u91d1\u525b\u9e1a\u9d61\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5674\u9727\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a81\u51fa\u963f\u91d1\u8c6a\u653e\u5973\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u610f\u5716\u4ecd\u7136\u5341\u5206\u660e\u986f\u3002\u3008\u7dec\u7538\u8c6a\u653e\u5973\u5728\u80cc\u90e8\u523a\u9bc9\u9b5a\u60a0\u904a\u5716 \u5927\u81bd\u523a\u9752\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0b\u627e\u81ea\u4fe1\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u68ee\u65b0\u805e\u300b2006\u5e744\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> \u3008\u9ebb\u8fa3\u8b77\u58eb \u96e3\u906e\u523a\u9752\u7f8e\u9ad4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e747\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> \u3008\u5de7\u624b\u7d0b\u8eab\u63a9\u5200\u75a4 \u8774\u8776\u4ed9\u5b50\u559c\u91cd\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2007\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> \u3008\u80cc\u4e0a\u4e00\u689d\u9f8d\uff1a\u534a\u767e\u963f\u5b24\u7d0b\u540d\u95dc\u897f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e743\u670818\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> \u81ea\u6b98\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u51c6\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u8b93\u81ea\u6b98\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3001\u70ba\u4e86\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70ba\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u7126\u616e\u3001\u767c\u6d29\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u89e3\u9664\u6182\u9b31\u3001\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u6b98\u89c0\u5ff5\u8d77\u81ea1960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u300c\u81ea\u6b98\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u53d6\u4ee3\u81ea\u6bba\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff08Favazza, 1996: 270\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> \u3008\u523a\u9752\u300c\u66f4\u6709\u7a2e\u300d \u610f\u5473\u66f4\u52a0\u53db\u9006\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e745\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> \u5982\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u53f3\u660c\u570b\u4e2d\u8a13\u80b2\u7d44\u9577\u5442\u8efc\u502b\u7559\u8457\u53ca\u80a9\u9577\u9aee\u3001\u7a7f\u4e5d\u500b\u8033\u6d1e\u52a0\u4e0a\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u95dc\u4ed6\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e5f\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6d6a\u5b50\u56de\u982d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9ebb\u8fa3\u6559\u5e2b\u62ef\u6551\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5f62\u8c61\u3008\u9577\u9aee\u523a\u9752 \u8a13\u5c0e\u963f\u502b\u71b1\u8840\u6551\u5b78\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2008\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> \u3008\u7a7f\u88d9\u6234\u8033\u74b0 \u7d0b\u8eab\u5c0f\u5b50\u88ab\u62d2\u6821\u9580\u5916\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2006\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\u3002\u8521\u5e78\u79c0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u56e0\u8eab\u6709\u523a\u9752\u800c\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u60e1\u610f\u81e8\u6aa2\u6216\u88ab\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u96c7\u4e3b\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u898b\u5176\u8ad6\u658716\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> \u7d0b\u8eab\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u9084\u4e0d\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u6b67\u8996\u6216\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a\u3002\u85dd\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u523a\u9752\u800c\u535a\u5f97\u7248\u9762\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u884c\u696d\u537b\u7d55\u5c0d\u62d2\u7d55\u523a\u9752\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6a21\u7279\u5152\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5ee0\u5546\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\u300c\u548c\u7522\u54c1\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0d\u5408\u300d\u3002\u53d7\u8a2a\u7684\u540d\u6a21\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\ufe30\u300c\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u4e0d\u51c6\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u523a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u9023\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\u90fd\u6709\u523a\u9752\uff0c\u5ee0\u5546\u5c31\u6703\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u3002\u300d\u540d\u6a21\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6ab3\u6994\u897f\u65bd\u7b49\u7b49\u5e95\u5c64\u5973\u6027\u5176\u5be6\u5c6c\u65bc\u6700\u65e9\u523a\u9752\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e2d\u7522\u5973\u6027\u5c07\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u70ba\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u6536\u70ba\u968e\u7d1a\u7b26\u865f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u6cef\u6ec5\u5e95\u5c64\u5973\u6027\u958b\u95e2\u9053\u8def\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e86\u3002\u3008\u523a\u9752\u4e0a\u8eab \u738b\u4ead\u53c8\u66fe\u906d\u9000\u79c0\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e749\u670816\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> \u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a69\u548c\u523a\u9752\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u5f88\u9952\u5bcc\u610f\u5473\u7684\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u300c\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6211\u67b6\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u6642\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u672c\u8eab\u5c0d\u6587\u5b57\u883b\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5bb6\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u5f88\u5b0c\u67d4\u7684\u6771\u897f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u7d0b\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u5b0c\u67d4\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u523b\u610f\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u7684\u8b8a\u6210\u662f\u9a5a\u99ed\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u53bb\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3001\u6709\u523b\u7248\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u6703\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u3002\u300d\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6b21\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u5230\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7f6e\u63db\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9a5a\u99ed\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c0d\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u591a\u534a\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u523a\u9752\u5c0d\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u60c5\u611f\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u523a\u9752\u7279\u6709\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u529b\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u5230\u523a\u9752\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u627f\u53d7\u58d3\u6291\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u7a2e\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u860a\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> \u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u975e\u5e38\u6eab\u6587\u5112\u96c5\uff0c\u8aaa\u8d77\u8a71\u4f86\u66f4\u662f\u6587\u8cea\u5f6c\u5f6c\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u548c\u4ed6\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u5275\u4f5c\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u523a\u9752\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u523a\u9752\u7684\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u53c8\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u653e\u9032\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u81ea\u5df1\u5012\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u89ba\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u4eba\u73a9\u5f37\u52e2\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u2500\u2500\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u4eba\u5f37\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u812b\u5e8f\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u5b88\u898f\u77e9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u7a81\u7136\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u72af\u898f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u611f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u300d\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u856d\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u523a\u9752\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u72af\u898f\u812b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> \u856d\u6642\u54f2\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u4e0a\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u95e1\u8ff0\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u7406\u5ff5\u6216\u523a\u9752\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5275\u4f5c\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e26\u91cd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u8003http:\/\/tw.myblog.yahoo.com\/fright-tattoo\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> \u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u8cfd \u53f0\u7063\u52c7\u596a2\u91d11\u9280\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2009\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> \u3008\u300c\u4e0d\u6703\u6bd4\u55aa\u5973\u9084\u75db\uff01\u300d\u55ae\u89aa\u79ae\u5100\u5e2b\u80cc\u523a\u611b\u5973\u907a\u5bb9\u3009\uff0cNow News\uff0c2009\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> \u3008\u5927\u6176\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u751f\u8f49\u591c\u6821 \u62db\u6028\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2009\u5e749\u670810\u65e5\uff1b\u3008\u523a\u9752\u751f\u6709\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a \u5927\u6176\u4e8c\u4eba\u8f49\u591c\u6821\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2009\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Work Cited<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u838a\u59ae\u5a1c\u3002\u300a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u70d9\u5370\uff1a\u5f9e\u523a\u9752\u770b\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u300b\uff0c\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c2007\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9673\u653f\u96c4\u3002\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u523a\u9752\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u3009\uff0c\u5f6b\u5b89\u523a\u9752\u7db2\u9801\uff0c2008\u5e748\u670821\u65e5\u3002http:\/\/tw.myblog.yahoo.com\/jw!cgU6MXqWGRYEbhSj5eH__PAPDr4-\/article?mid=1020&prev=1035&next=1013<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9ec3\u7c73\u9732\uff0c\u3008\u9b3c\u9762\u5177\u4e0b\u7684\u523a\u9752\u5e2b\u2500\u963f\u68cb\u3009\uff0c\u5c08\u8a2a\u9ec3\u68cb\u6cc9\uff0c2003\u5e7411\u670824\u65e5\u3002\uff08Accessed 2008\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/mypaper4.pchome.com.tw\/news\/milo0325\/3\/4518997\/20031124235338\/<\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8521\u5e78\u79c0\u3002\u300a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u523a\u9752\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u8a8d\u540c\u521d\u63a2\u300b\uff0c\u5143\u667a\u5927\u5b78\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c2006\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u856d\u6642\u54f2\u3002\u300a\u9a5a\u99ed\u7d0b\u8eab\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5409\u6797\u7701\u9577\u6625\u5e02\uff1a\u9577\u6625\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Atkinson, Michael.\u00a0 Tattooed: The Sociogenesis of a Body Art<\/em>.\u00a0 Toronto, Buffalo, London: U of Toronto P, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n

DeMello, Margo.\u00a0 Bodies of Inscription: A Cultural History of the Modern Tattoo Community<\/em>.\u00a0 Durham and London: Duke UP, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Favazza, Armando R.\u00a0 Bodies Under Siege: Self-Mutilation and Body Modificiation in Culture and Psychiatry<\/em>.\u00a0 Second Edition.\u00a0 Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins UP, 1996.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foucault, Michel.\u00a0 \u201cSociety Must Be Defended\u201d: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-76.<\/em>\u00a0 Trans. By David Macey.\u00a0 New York: Picador, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n

Freud, Sigmund.\u00a0 \u201cAnimism, Magic and the Omnipotence of Thoughts.\u201d\u00a0 Totem and Taboo<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: W.W. Norton, 1931.\u00a0 94-124.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gay, Kathlyn & Christine Whittington.\u00a0 Body Marks: Tattooing, Piercing, and Scarification<\/em>.\u00a0 Brookfield, CN: Millbrook Press, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giddens, Anthony.\u00a0 Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age<\/em>.\u00a0 Stanford: Stanford UP, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

Goffman, Erving.\u00a0 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halnon, Karen Bettez.\u00a0 \u201cPoor Chic: The Rational Consumption of Poverty.\u201d\u00a0 Current Sociology<\/em> 50 (2002): 501-516.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halnon, Karen Bettez & Saundra Cohen.\u00a0 \u201cMuscles, Motorcycles and Tattoos: Gentrification in a New Frontier.\u201d \u00a0Journal of Consumer Culture<\/em> 6.1 (2006): 33-56.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hebdige, Dick.\u00a0 Subculture: The Meaning of Style<\/em>.\u00a0 London & New York: Methuen, 1979.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hewitt, Kim.\u00a0 Mutilating the Body: Identity in Blood and Ink<\/em>.\u00a0 Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State UP, 1996.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lees, Loretta, Tom Slater, & Elvin Wyly.\u00a0 Gentrification<\/em>.\u00a0 New York, London: Routledge, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pitts, Victoria.\u00a0 In the Flesh: The Cultural Politics of Body Modification<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTattoo Renaissance.\u201d \u00a0Time Magazine<\/em>.\u00a0 Dec. 21, 1970.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,904617,00.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Turner, Bryan S.\u00a0 The Body and Society: Explorations in Social Theory<\/em>.\u00a0 Second Edition.\u00a0 London: Sage, 1996, 1997, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300824%\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba \u8eab\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c111\u523a\u9752\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2006\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5927\u6176\u8981\u6c42\u523a\u9752\u751f\u8f49\u591c\u6821 \u62db\u6028\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2009\u5e749\u670810\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u6551 \u523a\u9752\u660e\u5fd7\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u300c\u4e0d\u6703\u6bd4\u55aa\u5973\u9084\u75db\uff01\u300d\u55ae\u89aa\u79ae\u5100\u5e2b\u80cc\u523a\u611b\u5973\u907a\u5bb9\u3009\uff0cNow News 2009\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5c11\u5a66\u80cc\u523a\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0\u5f14\u4ea1\u592b\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2006\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5de7\u624b\u7d0b\u8eab\u63a9\u5200\u75a4 \u8774\u8776\u4ed9\u5b50\u559c\u91cd\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2007\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u8513\u5ef6\u958b\u4f86\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u00a0\u300b1999\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u4e16\u754c\u7d0b\u8eab\u85dd\u8853\u5c55 \u523a\u9752\u8cfd\u767b\u5834\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u864e\u4eba \u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u8b8a\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e748\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u809a\u76ae\u79c0\u69cd\u50b7 \u523a\u9752\u65b0\u73a9\u610f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2004\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7814\u7a76\u5f79\u7537\u523a\u9752\u82d7\u91ab\u7372\u734e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2004\u5e745\u670828\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u523a\u9752\u4e0a\u8eab \u738b\u4ead\u53c8\u66fe\u906d\u9000\u79c0\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2007\u5e749\u670816\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u523a\u9752\u751f\u6709\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a \u5927\u6176\u4e8c\u4eba\u8f49\u591c\u6821\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2009\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u523a\u9752\u300c\u66f4\u6709\u7a2e\u300d \u610f\u5473\u66f4\u52a0\u53db\u9006\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e745\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u523a\u9752\ufe30\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7f8e\u5b78\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2006\u5e7410\u670822\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u9577\u9aee\u523a\u9752 \u8a13\u5c0e\u963f\u502b\u71b1\u8840\u6551\u5b78\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2008\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u6d0b\u599e\u611b\u53f0\u7063 \u6885\u82b1\u7d0b\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u6d3b\u83e9\u85a9\u7d0b\u8eab\u6551\u82e6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e743\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7a7f\u88d9\u6234\u8033\u74b0 \u7d0b\u8eab\u5c0f\u5b50\u88ab\u62d2\u6821\u9580\u5916\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2006\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7f8e\u5973\u80cc\u523a\u9752 \u723a\u723a\u5927\u982d\u7167\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7f8e\u5c11\u5e74\u54c8\u5272\u820c \u4f0a\u5dde\u64ec\u4e0b\u7981\u4ee4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u665a\u5831\u300b2003\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u80cc\u4e0a\u4e00\u689d\u9f8d\uff1a\u534a\u767e\u963f\u5b24\u7d0b\u540d\u95dc\u897f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2005\u5e743\u670818\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab \u523a\u88f8\u88f8\u73fe\u8eab\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2003\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\uff0c\u523a\u51fa\u6d41\u884c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2004\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\uff1a\u662f\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u9084\u662f\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u5716\u9a30\uff1f\u3009\u5357\u65b9\u7db22003\u5e745\u67089\u65e5\u3002 http:\/\/www.southcn.com\/sports\/gossip\/tattoo\/200305090616.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u4e00\u8eab\u9f8d\u9cf3 \u5b78\u6821\u4e0d\u6562\u6536\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831<\/a>\u300b2007\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u5085 \u63da\u540d\u6d77\u5916\u62b12\u91d1\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2009\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u5e2b\u805a\u6703 \u5927\u79c0\u7f8e\u9e97\u7d0b\u8eab\u5716\u6a23\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u68ee\u65b0\u805e\u300b\uff0c2006\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u7559\u6c38\u6046 \u570b\u5167\u9996\u4efd\u523a\u9752\u6708\u66c6\u4eae\u76f8\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7d0b\u8eab\u8cfd \u53f0\u7063\u52c7\u596a2\u91d11\u9280\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2009\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u98db\u5929\u706b\u9cf3\u51f0 \u6797\u6797\u65e9\u901d\u7684\u9752\u6625\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e744\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u9ebb\u8fa3\u8b77\u58eb \u96e3\u906e\u523a\u9752\u7f8e\u9ad4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2007\u5e747\u670825\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u300a\u65b0\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u504f\u611b\u7d0b\u8eab\u300b\u5716\u6848 \u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a \u6027\u5225 \u5973\u6bd4\u7537\u591a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2003\u5e744\u670819\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u8d95\u6642\u9ae6 \u5973\u6027\u523a\u9752\u6fc0\u589e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2003\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u622a\u80a2\u5984\u60f3\u7537 \u81ea\u6b98\u53cd\u89ba\u5e78\u798f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b2008\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u7dec\u7538\u8c6a\u653e\u5973\u5728\u80cc\u90e8\u523a\u9bc9\u9b5a\u60a0\u904a\u5716 \u5927\u81bd\u523a\u9752\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0b\u627e\u81ea\u4fe1\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u68ee\u65b0\u805e\u300b2006\u5e744\u670829\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u662f\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\uff08\u665a\u671f\uff0f\u5f8c\uff09\u73fe\u4ee3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2487"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6320,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487\/revisions\/6320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}