{"id":2559,"date":"2012-10-07T14:48:06","date_gmt":"2012-10-07T06:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2016-12-30T21:47:48","modified_gmt":"2016-12-30T13:47:48","slug":"%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%b2%bb%e7%90%86%e8%88%87%e6%83%85%e6%84%9f%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2012\/10\/%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%b2%bb%e7%90%86%e8%88%87%e6%83%85%e6%84%9f%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5f62\u6210"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\uff08\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc2012\u5e7410\u67086-7\u65e5\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5c46\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u5c40\u52e2\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u520a\u65bc\u300a\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\uff0c\u752f\u61c9\u658c\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff0c\u9801211-232\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u00a0[1]<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

2013\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4f48\u5c40\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u76ee\u524d\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5728\u5168\u7403\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u300d\u2500\u2500\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u8e8b\u8eab\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6a19[2]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u512a\u52e2\u5a66\u5973\u5247\u9032\u4f54\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6c7a\u7b56\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u76e3\u7763\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u843d\u5be6\u70ba\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u65b0\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u65b0\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u300c\u4f7f\u5a66\u5973\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u4fdd\u969c\u300d[3]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8207\u5152\u5c11\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u969b\u6548\u61c9\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u8207\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7f6a\u5211\u5316\u548c\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u7dbf\u5bc6\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u843d\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u7586\u57df\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff1a<\/p>\n

1995\u5e74\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u6301\u7e8c\u88ab\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u5f9e1999\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fb5\u8a62\u3001\u6253\u807d\u6216\u8a0e\u8ad6\u50cf\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u9019\u985e\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6027\u611b\u5354\u5546\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u95dc\u751a\u81f3\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\u773c\u5c31\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u89f8\u6cd5\u800c\u906d\u5075\u8fa6[4]<\/a>\uff1b<\/p>\n

1997\u5e74\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u3008\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u727d\u6d89\u523014\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7537\u5973\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6027\u4e92\u52d5\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u9f61\u73a9\u4f34\u4e4b\u9593\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5305\u542b\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u6027\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bb6\u65cf\u8499\u7f9e\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff08\u5df2\u6539\u70ba\u516c\u8a34\u7f6a\uff09\u8d77\u8a34[5]<\/a>\uff1b<\/p>\n

2003\u5e74\u5408\u4f75\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u3009\u9644\u5e36\u8a2d\u7f6e\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u8207\u5f71\u8996\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5206\u7d1a\u7ba1\u5236\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5f97\u520a\u767b\u6216\u64ad\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u5152\u5c11\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d6e\u6feb\u904b\u7528\u7684\u99ac\u8cfd\u514b\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u96fb\u8996\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u4eba\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u5229\u5668\u30022011\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u798f\u5229\u8207\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u3009\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u8981\u6c42\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u5e9c\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u898f\u7bc4\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u4f11\u9592\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883[6]<\/a>\uff1b<\/p>\n

2005\u5e74\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u3008\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8ac7\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u8209\u6b62\u3001\u73a9\u7b11\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u51dd\u8996\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u63a7\u8a34\u611f\u89ba\u300c\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u300d\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u800c\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u79c1\u4eba\u60c5\u611f\u7cfe\u845b\u554f\u984c\u6539\u4ee5\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u63a7\u8a34\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u66f4\u56b4\u5bc6\u914d\u642d\u901a\u5831\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u548c\u8a66\u63a2\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9001\u5165\u6a5f\u69cb\u7ba1\u6559\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\uff1b<\/p>\n

2004\u5e74\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u3008\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u3009\u65bc2011\u5e74\u5927\u5e45\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6027\u9738\u51cc\u76f8\u95dc\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u898f\u7bc4\u6821\u5712\u5167\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u89f8\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u53d6\u7b11\u6253\u9b27\u4e00\u9ad4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u8cb6\u6291\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e5f\u88ab\u7981\u7d55\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u540c\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e36\u60e1\u610f\u7684\u5632\u8af7\u90fd\u5f15\u767c\u901a\u5831\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u5b78\u8655\u7f6e\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u300c\u6027\u300d\u70ba\u7ba1\u5236\u76e3\u63a7\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f97\u529b\u65bc\u516b\u5366\u8073\u52d5\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u6063\u610f\u8a00\u8ad6\u6240\u5171\u540c\u6500\u5347\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5\u56b4\u5bc6\u9632\u7bc4\u548c\u56b4\u53b2\u61f2\u6cbb\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u57f7\u6cd5\u76ca\u767c\u5fc5\u8981\u800c\u6b63\u7576\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u7a4d\u6975\u641c\u5c0b\u4e0d\u99b4\u504f\u5dee\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u628a\u773c\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08gender governance\uff09[7]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u653f\u7b56\u5c64\u9762\u6216\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u611f\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u808c\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u5730\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u5728\u5efa\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u5728\u5730\u4f48\u5c40\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73fe\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u898f\u7ae0\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u2500\u2500\u628a\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u653e\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e[8]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d0d\u5165\u512a\u52e2\u5973\u6027\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u529b\u91cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u548c\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u5973\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee3\u8868\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u884c\u653f\u9662\u66a8\u6240\u5c6c\u90e8\u6703\u53ca\u5404\u7d1a\u5b78\u6821\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u5225\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u4e26\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u5c08\u6848\u5c0f\u7d44\u6216\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u96a8\u6642\u751f\u7522\u5404\u7a2e\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u5340\u5206\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u4ee5\u8003\u6838\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6210\u6548\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e5f\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89d2\u5ea6\u898f\u5283\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ae0\u8207\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\uff08\u5973\u6027\ufe66\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5f31\u52e2\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u4fee\u6cd5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8ef8\u7dda\u3002\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u56e0\u6b64\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u65bd\u653f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9806\u61c9\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u904b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u767c\u5c55\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5927\u5098\u4e5f\u7d42\u65bc\u5ef6\u4f38\u6db5\u84cb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7b49\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u8a3c\u6210\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u58ef\u5927\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u8981\u5340\u5206\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u97ff\u529b[9]<\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u88e1\u9010\u6f38\u9858\u610f\u7d0d\u5165\u300c\u6027\u5225\u591a\u5143\u300d\u7684\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u537b\u53ea\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u591a\u5143\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u51f8\u986f\u5176\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5247\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u53ea\u60f3\u5728\u5169\u6027\u67b6\u69cb\u88e1\u9032\u884c\u66ab\u6642\uff08\u626e\u88dd\uff09\u6216\u6c38\u4e45\uff08\u8b8a\u6027\uff09\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9858\u88ab\u7c21\u55ae\u6b78\u5165\u5169\u6027\u67b6\u69cb\u4efb\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u88ab\u770b\u898b\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u5225\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u7d42\u7a76\u5f88\u6839\u672c\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u529b\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5331\u4e4f\u8207\u7ba1\u5236\u66f4\u8996\u5982\u4e0d\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5728\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u611f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53f0\u70631990\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u897f\u65b9\u6240\u8b02\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u672c\u571f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u6790\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u9032\u884c\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u7a81\u7834\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u66f4\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u6975\u5927\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u548c\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c1993\u5e74\u9127\u5982\u96ef\u6bba\u592b\u6848\u548c1994\u5e74\u5e2b\u5927\u6559\u6388\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u6848\u96d6\u7136\u51f8\u986f\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6027\u63a0\u596a\u60e1\u679c[10]<\/a>\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u52c7\u65bc\u633a\u9032\u8eab\u9ad4\u60c5\u617e\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u6539\u5beb\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6027\u5225\u898f\u7bc4[11]<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u5973\u6027\u4f01\u5716\u4ee5\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u5fb9\u5e95\u91cd\u5851\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u5f37\u5927\u6027\u6c61\u540d\u8207\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53cd\u64b2\uff0c\u826f\u5a66\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u6487\u6e05\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u7537\u6027\u7684\u52a0\u5bb3\u3001\u5371\u96aa\u8207\u63a0\u596a\u4f5c\u70ba\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf[12]<\/a>\uff1b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6279\u5224\u300d\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u4e5f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u8f49\u800c\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u56b4\u53b2\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u300c\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300d[13]<\/a>\u30021996\u5e74\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u6587\u5ba3\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f6d\u5a49\u5982\u547d\u6848\u4ee5\u53ca1997\u5e74\u767d\u66c9\u71d5\u7d81\u7968\u547d\u6848\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u5a92\u9ad4\u6548\u61c9\u5f37\u70c8\u805a\u7126\u6027\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u67d4\u5f31\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u8207\u61a4\u6012[14]<\/a>\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u8ca0\u9762\u300c\u6027\u300d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e00\u8cab\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\u614b\u5ea6\u6b63\u597d\u8207\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u7981\u8272\u300d\u8a34\u6c42\u5408\u62cd\uff0c\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u548c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6279\u5224\u56e0\u800c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u653f\u7b56\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u570b\u5bb6\u52a0\u5f37\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u61f2\u7f70\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u5c11\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u4e5f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5404\u7a2e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u901a\u5831\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u70ba\u7531\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u7121\u6027\u7121\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6821\u5712\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u52a0\u5bb3\uff0f\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u70ba\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u60f3\u50cf\u88ab\u9ad8\u8209\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6027\u958b\u653e\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u5177\u9053\u5fb7\u8b74\u8cac\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8173\u672c\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u6216\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u654f\u611f\u6613\u50b7\u7f9e\u602f\u96e3\u582a\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u5247\u96a8\u4e4b\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51f8\u986f\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u9762\u5c0d\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u6642\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u60c5\u611f\u9580\u6abb\uff0c\u4e5f\u588a\u9ad8\u4e86\u570b\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9858\u666f\u7684\u57fa\u5e95[15]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u5efa\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u611f\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u547c\u61c9\u652f\u6490\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6240\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff1b\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u6709\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u9762\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5176\u60c5\u611f\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5408\u529b\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7dbf\u5bc6\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u5e45\u54e1\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u822c\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08<\/strong>governance<\/strong>\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u9472\u5d4c\u300d\uff08<\/strong>mutual embeddedness<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u52d5\u54e1<\/strong>\u2500\u2500<\/strong>\u800c\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u6539\u9020\u5f62\u5851<\/strong>\u2500\u2500<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u99d5\u99ad\u4e86\u53d7\u5bb3\u60f3\u50cf\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u5f37\u70c8\u8981\u6c42\u7cfe\u6b63\u8207\u88dc\u511f\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6b63\u7fa9\u51dc\u7136\u7684\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u3002<\/strong>\u5c31\u9023\u539f\u4f86\u672c\u5730\u653f\u5ba2\u6240\u4ef0\u8cf4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5fe0\u8aa0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u8073\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9707\u76ea\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u6e32\u67d3\u529b\u6240\u727d\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u671d\u91ce\u7684\u5408\u529b\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u5c0d\u6c11\u610f\uff0f\u6c11\u773e\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u300d[16]<\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u56de\u61c9\u5247\u66f4\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f37\u5316\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u8207\u6f8e\u6e43\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u7206\u767c\u3002\u66f4\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5247\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u52a0\u5bb3\uff0f\u53d7\u5bb3\u3001\u5f37\u6b3a\u51cc\u5f31\u3001\u5ac9\u60e1\u5982\u4ec7\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\u7684\u7fa9\u61a4\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5df2\u9054\u666e\u4e16\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff08\u5982\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u7d55\u5c0d\u5316\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u88ab\u60c5\u611f\u5145\u5206\u704c\u6ce8\u3001\u4f7f\u7570\u8b70\u6709\u6548\u5664\u8072\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u6c1b\u570d[17]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u71df\u9020\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u653f\u6cbb\u6975\u5177\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u7570\u8b70\u548c\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8207\u751f\u547d\uff0f\u751f\u6d3b\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76f8\u7576\u9806\u5229\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a9\u9577\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u56b4\u53b2\u800c\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u76e3\u63a7\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f5c\u70ba\u8edf\u6027\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4e09\u7d44\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6ecb\u990a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u6c83\u571f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6f38\u6b21\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u85c9\u8457\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u66ff\u9032\u5165\u9ad4\u5236\u8207\u773e\u591a\u6587\u5b98\u6587\u54e1\u7684\u78e8\u5408\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u5728\u9081\u5411\u6cbb\u7406\u6642\u6240\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u67d4\u8edf\u4f46\u7121\u53ef\u5546\u91cf\u7684\u529b\u9053\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d44\u767c\u5c55\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u300d\uff08vulnerability\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u5152\u5c11\uff09\u8207\u300c\u6027\u300d\u76f8\u9022\u6642\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u88ab\u5f37\u529b\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u5e74\u9f61\u7279\u8cea\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u6d41\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u57fa\u5e95\u66f4\u70ba\u6fc3\u70c8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u58ef\u5927\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u65a1\u65cb\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u6642\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f37\u52e2\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u548c\u61f2\u7f70\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u8207\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u548c\u63a5\u89f8\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d44\u767c\u5c55\u5247\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6027\u5225\u53ca\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u63a5\u5408\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u6500\u5347\u7fa9\u61a4\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u4fc3\u6210\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u52e2\u3001\u7dad\u8b77\u6b63\u7fa9\u70ba\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u751a\u81f3\u7a4d\u6975\u61f2\u7f70\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u6b63\u7fa9\u60c5\u64cd\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7121\u53ef\u5354\u5546\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8207\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u521d\u671f\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6709\u8cf4\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u653f\u6cbb\u7af6\u9010[18]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8cf41990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n

1987\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u89e3\u56b4\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u4e5f\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u653f\u9ee8\u7af6\u9010\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u7387\u504f\u4f4e\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u9078\u8209\u6642\u523b\u8b8a\u6210\u95dc\u9375\u9078\u7968\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9078\u8209\u653f\u6cbb\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u5de5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u5feb\u901f\u8b8a\u9077\u548c\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\u6025\u5287\u8f49\u578b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u300d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u96e2\u5a5a\u3001\u5916\u9047\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u53cd\u53db\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u52fe\u52d5\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6182\u5fc3\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u53ca\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7126\u616e\u6f38\u6b21\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u9ee8\u9078\u8209\u6642\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u898b\u548c\u65e5\u5f8c\u57f7\u653f\u6642\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u7a4d\u6975\u52d5\u54e1\u5973\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u95dc\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9078\u8209\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fb5\u53ec\u5728\u5730\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u9078\u5f8c\u5206\u5305\u57f7\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u96a8\u5373\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u5b78\u9662\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u7acb\u5834\u5dee\u7570\u30021990\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u722d\u8b70\u8faf\u8ad6\uff08\u5f9e\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u3001\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u4ee3\u5b55\uff0c\u5230\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u60c5\u617e\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u6027\u4ea4\u53cb\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u516c\u958b\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73fe\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\u7acb\u5834[19]<\/a>\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5c45\u7570\u6027\u6200\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6027\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u5831\u4ee5\u6c88\u9ed8\u7684\u7336\u8c6b\u6216\u8005\u8a00\u8fad\u7684\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u66f4\u5c0d\u8af8\u5982\u53f0\u5317\u516c\u5a3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5b55\u6bcd\u8b70\u984c\u5c55\u73fe\u9ad8\u5206\u8c9d\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\u3002\u4e00\u689d\u5728\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u300c\u826f\u5a66\u300d\u8def\u7dda\u65bc\u7109\u73fe\u5f62\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u8005\u8f49\u5411\u570b\u5bb6\u64c1\u62b1\u300c\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u6539\u9769\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u300c\u908a\u7de3\u6230\u9b25\u300d\u5f8c\u76ca\u8da8\u660e\u986f[20]<\/a>\u3002\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u826f\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u5c0d\u58de\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u58de\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u56b4\u53b2\u61f2\u7f70\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u504f\u5dee\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5404\u7a2e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7ba1\u5236[21]<\/a>\u3002\u826f\u5a66\u6eab\u548c\u8ce2\u6dd1\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6f5b\u85cf\u8457\u978f\u56fa\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a5a\u59fb\u5229\u76ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u60c5\u611f\u57fa\u5e95\u3002\u5361\u7dad\u6ce2\u5247\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u826f\u5a66\u6216\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u300e\u6027\u300f\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u9632\u79a6\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u9762\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\uff08\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u53cd\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u300d[22]<\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u9472\u5d4c\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u9632\u79a6\u6392\u65a5\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u826f\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u3001\u5371\u96aa\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u7531\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6de8\u5316\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6297\u62d2\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u548c\u6975\u7aef\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5408\u6d41\u8d77\u4f86[23]<\/a>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8a31\u90a3\u500b\u4ee5\u898f\u8a13\u548c\u9650\u5236\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u8ef8\u7dda\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5927\u773e\u8f3f\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u53cd\u632b\u3002\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

1994\u5e74\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5805\u5fc3\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u9577\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u7af6\u9078[24]<\/a>\uff0c\u9673\u7576\u9078\u5f8c\u56de\u5831\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u6a5f\u5668\u300d[25]<\/a>\u2500\u2500\u300c\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5973\u6027\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u9577\u7387\u9818\u5e02\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8b02\u6027\u5225\u6216\u5a66\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u70ba\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u5973\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u9996\u5ea6\u5f97\u5230\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u9ad8\u968e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9032\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u5354\u5546\u3001\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u5973\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u6642\u5f80\u5f80\u53cd\u6620\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76e4\u7b97\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6392\u5b83\u6027\u3002\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u88e1\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u5167\u95a3\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6210\u54e1\u6216\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\u5973\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5c08\u5bb6\u6216\u5a66\u5973\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5728\u9ee8\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u5805\u6301\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6216\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u4f86\u6311\u9078\u63a8\u85a6\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u9078\u4e0a\u523b\u610f\u907f\u958b\u904b\u52d5\u8def\u7dda\u4e0a\u660e\u78ba\u6709\u6b67\u7570\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005[26]<\/a>\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5a66\u6b0a\u6703\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u5973\u6027\u59d4\u54e1\u5011\u90fd\u51fa\u8eab\u539f\u4f86\u5c31\u53cb\u5584\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u300c\u5f7c\u6b64\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f37\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ed8\u5951\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u6230\u9b25\u968a\u4f0d\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u60f3\u51fa\u65b0\u62db\u6578\u8207\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u300d[27]<\/a>\uff0c\u719f\u7a14\u4e3b\u6d41\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6216\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6027\u5225\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4f54\u64da\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u512a\u52e2\u77e5\u8b58\u968e\u5c64\u826f\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6c7a\u7b56\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u7368\u5927\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u4fb7\u9650\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u65b9\u5411[28]<\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u9ee8\u653f\u6cbb\u6301\u7e8c\u5c16\u92b3\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u653f\u6b0a\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u5728\uff0c\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5fc5\u9808\u52aa\u529b\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u6a5f\u5668\u56e0\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u66ff\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u7dad\u7a69\u7684\u529b\u9053\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u56e0\u70ba\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u5931\u52e2\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f2a\u6d41\u63db\u4f4d\u3001\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f54\u64da\u6709\u5229\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u719f\u7a14\u8207\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4ee5\u300c\u6230\u9b25\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u5beb\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u88e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5f88\u5fb5\u5146\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5973\u6027\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4efb\u8077\u7684\u8cc7\u6df1\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\u66fe\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u6230\u9b25\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4f86\u63cf\u5beb\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u300c\u633e\u5929\u5b50\u4ee5\u4ee4\u8af8\u4faf\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u633e\u6301\u7537\u6027\u9996\u9577\uff0c\u7528\u9996\u9577\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4f86\u5f37\u52e2\u63a8\u52d5\u65b0\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u52a0\u5feb\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u60e1\u679c\u3002\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u6c92\u4eba\u6562\u89e3\u6563\u5a66\u6b0a\u6703\uff0c\u9019\u5df2\u8b8a\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e86\u2026[32]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5a66\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u6216\u6027\u5225\u5c08\u5bb6\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u885d\u649e\u548c\u6703\u8b70\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u5f70\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u9738\u6b0a\u300d\u6216\u300c\u64f4\u6b0a\u300d\uff08\u5f6d\u6e30\u96ef 48\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u89ba\u609f\u5fc5\u9808\u8abf\u6574\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u8912\u734e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u50da\u5171\u5b58\u5171\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u300c\u60e1\u88dc\u300d\u548c\u300c\u78e8\u548c\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u4ee5\u6eab\u60c5\u300c\u7a81\u7834\u5fc3\u9632\u3001\u6253\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u300d[33]<\/a>\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u6559\u80b2\u5b98\u50da\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u300d\u7d42\u7a76\u6210\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u812b\u96e2\u4e86\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u50b3\u7d71\u5f9e\u4e0b\u5230\u4e0a\u7684\u8349\u6839\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d42\u7a76\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6559\u5316\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6c1b\u570d\u4f7f\u5f97\u9996\u9577\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u59d4\u54e1\u6642\u611f\u89ba\u9700\u8981\u76e1\u91cf\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u60dc\u5728\u4e0b\u5c6c\u9762\u524d\u5c48\u670d\uff1f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u7e3e\u6548\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u8db3\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5b98\u548c\u6587\u54e1\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u59d4\u54e1\u6642\u5f88\u96e3\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8981\u6c42\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0d\u300d\uff1f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5a66\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u5f9e\u4f55\u8655\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5b98\u54e1\u9824\u6c23\u6307\u4f7f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8cac\u7f75\uff1f\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u5f97\u4ee5\u99d5\u99ad\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8106\u5f31\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u53d7\u5bb3\u60f3\u50cf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u968e\u68af\u4e0a\u5347\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u99d5\u99ad\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u56e0\u8457\u5973\u6027\uff08\u5f8c\u4f86\u5247\u662f\u5152\u5c11\uff09\u53d7\u5bb3\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6027\u66b4\u529b\uff09\u500b\u6848\u800c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7fa9\u61a4\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u60b2\u5287\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5177\u9ad4\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4ee5\u53ca\u7537\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u63a5\u54081987\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d14\u6f54\u5152\u5c11\u53d7\u5bb3\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u9632\u7bc4\u5f0f\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u61f2\u6212\uff09\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u986f\u5f97\u6709\u5176\u6025\u8feb\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fd1\u5e74\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u8ef8\u7dda\u5ef6\u4f38\u8f49\u5411\u5e74\u9f61\u8ef8\u7dda\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u76e4\u7b97[34]<\/a>\u3002\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7121\u529b\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5152\u5c11\u53d7\u5bb3\u60b2\u5287\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u4f8b\u5916\u300d\u60c5\u611f\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\uff08\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5a66\u5973\u53ca\u5152\u5c11\u70ba\u540d\u7684\uff09\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u300d\u7684\u884c\u653f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u300d\uff08vulnerability\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u2500\u2500\u900f\u904e\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u7b49\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u2500\u2500\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5bb3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7d50\u69cb\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u548c\u9650\u5236\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u88e1\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u70ba\u5168\u9762\u800c\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52a3\u52e2\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u53d7\u5bb3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u537b\u975e\u5e38\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u6027\u5225\u548c\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5152\u5c11\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u805a\u7126\u5728\u5979\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6642\u523b\u2500\u2500\u9019\u986f\u7136\u548c\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u6d41\u826f\u5a66\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5fcc\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u6709\u6240\u95dc\u9023\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u4e26\u975e\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u770b\u5f85\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u9047\u5230\u300c\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u6703\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u57281994-5\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u7d55\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u6216\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u300c\u8106\u5f31\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u80af\u5b9a\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u7684\u9ad8\u4ea2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7acb\u5834\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u516c\u773e\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u4e00\u518d\u767c\u8072\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u300c\u6253\u7834\u8655\u5973\u60c5\u7d50\u300d\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7684\u4e92\u52d5[35]<\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u300c\u5996\u8a00\u300d\u81ea\u8ff0\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u611f\u53d7[36]<\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u52d5\u71df\u9020\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\u4f86\u5c0d\u6297\u7537\u6027\u6063\u610f\u55ae\u5411\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe[37]<\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5973\u4eba\u96c6\u9ad4\u516c\u958b\u53eb\u5e8a\u4f86\u5be6\u8e10\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u95dc\u9023[38]<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u52d5\u88e1\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6df7\u96dc\u4e86\u5c0d\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5fd0\u5fd1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5354\u5546\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7d42\u7a76\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u5973\u4eba\u6027\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\uff08\u800c\u975e\u300c\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\uff09\u548c\u6027\u81ea\u6211\uff08sexual self\uff09\u7684\u6a19\u7aff\uff1a\u5973\u4eba\u300c\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d\u8981\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff08\u800c\u975e\u300c\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d\u800c\u5df2\uff09[39]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u62d2\u65a5\u50b3\u7d71\u8ce6\u4e88\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u88ab\u52d5\u3001\u6027\u7121\u77e5\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u547d\u984c\u537b\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u559a\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u8868\u614b\u3002\u5728\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\u88e1\uff0c1994\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u9031\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u523b\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u4f48\u6b64\u5f8c\u5c07\u5c08\u5fc3\u7d93\u71df\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u300c\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u7dda[40]<\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c07\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5973\u6027\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u66f4\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u60e1\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5316\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u5728\u6027\u5225\u96d9\u91cd\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u793e\u6703\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u78ba\u5be6\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5c0d\u5979\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5176\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u555f\u9f52\u7684\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5728\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5247\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4e00\u7b46\u52fe\u6d88\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u548c\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u7f6e\u63db\u4e86\u60c5\u617e\u6ce2\u52d5\u6642\u7684\u60f6\u6050\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u3001\u7f9e\u6065\u3001\u96e3\u582a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6aa2\u8996\u6216\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u617e\u671b\u6e34\u6c42\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u5f37\u5927\u800c\u8907\u96dc\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u7a7a\u9593\u88ab\u6b63\u9762\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u88ab\u773e\u591a\u5bb3\u6015\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u5716\u50cf\u5168\u9762\u63a9\u84cb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a\uff0c\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u624d\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u300c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6027\u8aaa\u4e0d<\/strong>\u7684\u6b0a\u5229<\/strong>\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u78ba\u7acb\uff1b\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u300c\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6027\u8aaa\u8981<\/strong>\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/strong>\u300d\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u935b\u934a\u3001\u63a2\u96aa\u3001\u58ef\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u6163\u6027\u3001\u6311\u6230\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u70ba\u7981\u5fcc\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u52fe\u52d5\u5f37\u70c8\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u907a\u61be\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7d93\u6b77\u4e861996\u5e74\u7684\u5f6d\u5a49\u5982\u547d\u6848\u30011997\u5e74\u7684\u767d\u66c9\u71d5\u547d\u6848\uff0c\u6027\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u9670\u5f71\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u52a0\u78bc\u4e0b\u66f4\u52a0\u6c88\u91cd\u7684\u7c60\u7f69\u4e86\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u50b7\u5bb3\u6c88\u6fb1\u70ba\u6050\u61fc\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u806f\u60f3\uff0c\u60b2\u5287\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u6c1b\u570d\u66f4\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u6109\u6085\u5192\u96aa\u7684\u7570\u8b70\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u5f8c\u4f86\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u5316\u548c\u5f37\u70c8\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\u6848\u4ef6\u90fd\u5728\u653e\u5927\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u5c64\u5c64\u758a\u8d77\u4e86\u300c\u6027\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u8106\u5f31\u6613\u50b7\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u7126\u616e\u548c\u6182\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u5c31\u548c\u300c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5169\u6975\u5316\uff0c\u88ab\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u6b63\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\uff0f\u4fb5\u5bb3\u8005\u65bd\u5c55\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u6ecb\u990a\u4e86\u81ea\u89ba\u8106\u5f31\u9a5a\u6050\u3001\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u501a\u8cf4\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u9019\u7a2e\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63cf\u5beb\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7f6e\u63db\uff08displace\uff09\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u70ba\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u6642[41]<\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u6548\u61c9\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u4e86\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u9032\u6587\u660e\u570b\u5bb6\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u300c\u5152\u5c11\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u672c\u5e74\u9f61\u5dee\u8ddd\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u500b\u9ad4\uff08\u6240\u670918\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff09\u90fd\u540c\u8cea\u5316\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u300d[42]<\/a>\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u901a\u5e38\u53c8\u9023\u5e36\u5230\u300c\u7121\u6027\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7121\u52a9\u300d\u4f86\u8207\u6210\u4eba\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u51f8\u986f\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u9d3b\u6e9d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u88ab\u6307\u7a31\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u884c\u70ba\u56e0\u70ba\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u300c\u9d3b\u6e9d\u300d\u800c\u66f4\u70ba\u53ef\u6068\u30021999\u5e74\u65b0\u4fee\u7684\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009\u7b2c\u5341\u689d\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u7684\u5c07\u6027\u4ea4\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u809b\u4ea4\u3001\u53e3\u4ea4\u6216\u8005\u7570\u7269\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u90fd\u7b49\u540c\u6027\u4ea4\uff0c\u7d0d\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u89f8\u6cd5\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u8a02\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u60f3\u50cf\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u64f4\u5927\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u63a5\u89f8\u90fd\u5217\u5165\u6027\u4fb5\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u89f8\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8eab\u9ad4\u5fb9\u5e95\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u4f4d\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u8457\u6027\u7684\u542b\u610f\u548c\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u69cb\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba[43]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u986f\u7136\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u597d\u50cf\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u8457\u983b\u7e41\u800c\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7fa9\u61a4\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u529b\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u904e\u53bb15\u5e74\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u898f\u7ae0\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u7a4d\u6975\u4fee\u8a02\u3002\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5b83\u8005\u7684\u300c\u5a01\u8105\u5371\u96aa\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5beb\u6210\u6700\u5177\u6232\u5287\u5f35\u529b\u3001\u6700\u52d5\u54e1\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8173\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u66f4\u70ba\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u901a\u5831\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u76e3\u8b77\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e00\u4e00\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u67b6\u8d77\u4ee5\u6027\u5225\uff08\u53ca\u5e74\u9f61\uff09\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5c40\u52e2\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u548c\u5152\u5c11\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6cbb\u7406\u5c40\u52e2\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u9707\u76ea\u6c88\u6fb1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7279\u8cea\u4e5f\u7522\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u6050\u614c\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u76f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u602a\u7f6a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u537b\u985b\u5012\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u628a\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u3001\u7121\u529b\u7684\u3001\u7121\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u3001\u62d2\u7d55\u540c\u610f\u7684\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/em>\uff08Angelides 142\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f15\u6587\u7cbe\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u6240\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529b\u9053\uff1a\u6709\u95dc\uff08\u6027\u5225\uff09\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8207\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u52e2\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5f37\u529b\u52d5\u54e1\u64f4\u5927\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u4fc3\u6210\u7fa4\u773e\u6975\u70ba\u5fae\u5999\u6613\u611f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u76ca\u767c\u8f49\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u3002Eva Illouz\u66fe\u4ee5\u300c\u611f\u6027\u4eba\u300d\uff08homo sentimentalis<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u51f8\u986f\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u60c5\u611f\u5316[44]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5f9e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u5c0d\u5c31\u8d16\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u758f\u96e2\uff0c\u5230\u90fd\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u4ec7\u8996\uff0c\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u71b1\u5207\u8a8d\u540c\uff0cIllouz\u6307\u51fa\u8af8\u591a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u60c5\u611f\u5f88\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\uff08modernity\uff09\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u627f\u8f09\u5176\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5176\u793e\u6703\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u52d5\u529b\uff081-3\uff09\u3002Sigmund Freud\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7f85\u66fc\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u4e00\u8209\u63ed\u9732\u73fe\u4ee3\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u58d3\u6291\u3001\u72c2\u60f3\u3001\u617e\u671b\u3001\u50be\u5411\u548c\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u592b\u59bb\u4e4b\u9593\u9020\u6210\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6295\u6ce8\u548c\u9632\u885b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b69\u5b50\u5f9e\u7ae5\u7a1a\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5c0d\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u611f\u5230\u7126\u616e\u6050\u61fc\u611b\u6068\u4ea4\u7e54\uff0c\u66f4\u8207\u5468\u906d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7981\u5236\u58d3\u6291\u5f62\u6210\u5f35\u529b\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5f88\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u885d\u7a81\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u5347\u9ad8\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u7522\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u62bd\u96e2\u539f\u751f\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5728\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8207\u6d88\u8cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u88e1\u6210\u70ba\u7a4d\u6975\u751f\u7522\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u61c9\u60c5\u611f\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08Hochschild 110-114\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fc3\u6210\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5168\u7403\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u611f\u7406\u8ad6\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u5207\u5165\u9ede\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0cJanice M. Irvine\u5c0d\u6027\u6050\u614c\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u5247\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\u900f\u904e\u7279\u5b9a\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u53d6\u5411\u3002Irvine\u6307\u51fa\u548c\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u6fc0\u767c\u516c\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u5ba3\u6d29\u7684\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u516c\u773e\u60c5\u7dd2\u72c2\u98c6\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u614b\u548c\u7206\u767c\u9010\u6b65\u8b8a\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\u529b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8173\u672c\u8207\u5e38\u898f\uff0822\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u7acb\u5834\u5931\u53bb\u8868\u9054\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u6027\u6050\u614c\u4e2d\u9a5f\u8d77\u55a7\u56c2\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u300c\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u300d\uff08affective citizen\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u540c\u5316\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u8868\u9054\u540c\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u6575\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u7dca\u7e43\u72c0\u614b\u66f4\u5f80\u5f80\u5f62\u6210\u793e\u6703\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6aa2\u8b66\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u516c\u807d\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u5be6\u65bd\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u7576\u800c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u6027\u6050\u614c\u7684\u6642\u523b\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\uff08citizenship politics\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9b25\u722d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u300c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6027\u614b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6027\u614b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6027\u614b\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u88ab\u6d88\u97f3\u300d\uff08Irvine 24\uff09\u3002\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u6027\u548c\u8da8\u540c\u6027\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

Irvine\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u6050\u614c\u6642\u523b\u60c5\u611f\u8173\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u555f\u767c\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u7d93\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b77\u53f2\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u5851\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u8b8a\u5f97\u654f\u611f\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u9ad4\u6ce2\u52d5\u56e0\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6d6e\u73fe\u5462[45]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u3001\u91dd\u5c0d\u54ea\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u632f\uff1f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c31\u53f0\u7063\u9019\u500b\u8108\u7d61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u6c23\u8cea\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5169\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u904e\u53f0\u7063GDP\u7522\u51fa\u6bd4\u91cd\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e03\u5341\u7684\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6240\u8abf\u6559\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u52de\u52d5\u53ca\u5176\u64f4\u6563\u6548\u61c9[46]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5584\u7528\u53d7\u5bb3\u5f62\u8c61\u6380\u8d77\u4fdd\u8b77\u7fa9\u61a4\u5f37\u529b\u5f71\u97ff\u6c11\u773e\u89c0\u611f\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb[47]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u524d\u8005\u900f\u904e\u7d93\u6fdf\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u8cea\u8b8a\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u8207\u9670\u67d4\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u9069\u6642\u7684\u547c\u61c9\uff0f\u652f\u6301\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u900f\u904e\u50ac\u52d5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5316\uff08codification\uff09\u548c\u56b4\u53b2\u5316\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5ee3\u95ca\u800c\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u300c\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u6b62\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u617e\u671b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u4f38\u5c55\u3002\uff08\u300c\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7ba1\u5236\u591a\u534a\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f37\u5236\u3001\u58d3\u8feb\u7b49\u7b49\u5f37\u52e2\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u751f\u7522\u6c11\u610f\u548c\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u71df\u9020\u8d77\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u5171\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u3002\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u3001\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u547c\u7c72\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u56b4\u5211\u5cfb\u6cd5\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u3002\uff09\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8207\u6cd5\u5236\u5316<\/strong>\uff08juridification\uff09[48]<\/strong><\/a>\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u9ad4\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u9762\u5411<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u7cfe\u7d50\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u9020\u4e86\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u6210\u719f\u548c\u7cbe\u7d30\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u5de5\u4f5c\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u4eba\u683c\u6c23\u8cea\u4e0d\u65b7\u6df1\u5316\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u884c\u79ae\u5982\u5100\u7684\u8868\u5c64\u626e\u6f14\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u8996\u60c5\u611f\u52de\u52d5\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5351\u8eac\u5c48\u819d\uff0c\u800c\u5b78\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u89aa\u5207\u81ea\u4fe1\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8868\u73fe[49]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u539f\u672c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u5225\u990a\u6210\u6bd4\u8f03\u64c5\u9577\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u6210\u9577\u64f4\u5f35\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u5728\u65e5\u5fa9\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u8abf\u6574\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u8cea\u884c\u70ba\u8209\u6b62\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u9670\u67d4\u5316\u56e0\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u5e38\u614b[50]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9670\u67d4\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u540c\u6642\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u5bcc\u88d5\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u81ea\u8c6a\u53ca\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u5408\u62cd\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u898f\u8a13\u60c5\u611f\u2500\u2500\u7f9e\u6065\u3001\u96e3\u582a\u3001\u53ad\u60e1\u3001\u81ea\u89ba\uff08Elias 97-99\uff09\u2500\u2500\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6aa2\u8996\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u898f\u8a13\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u79ae\u8c8c\u8010\u5fc3\u6eab\u548c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u65b0\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u6563\u70ba\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8209\u6b62\u898f\u7bc4[51]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8207\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5de5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u537b\u7d66\u4e88\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5e45\u8d85\u524d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5bcc\u88d5\u81ea\u6eff<\/strong>\u4e2d\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9670\u67d4\uff0f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u9ad4\u73fe\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u8f49\u578b\u5347\u7d1a\u6240\u50ac\u52d5\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u5347\u60f3\u671b\u8207\u570b\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u9858\u666f\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u6297\u62d2\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u9032\u6b65\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u76f8\u4e92\u5f37\u5316\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6b32\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u8e8b\u8eab\u65b0\u5f62\u614b\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5217[52]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u60c5\u7dd2\u6295\u6ce8\uff0c\u6642\u523b\u8868\u73fe\u300c\u5c0a\u8cb4\u53ef\u656c\u300d\uff08respectability\uff09\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u6b32\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u624d\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u8207\u5152\u5c11\u8b70\u984c\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0f\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6700\u521d10\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u611f\u6027\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u79ae\u8c8c\u3001\u81ea\u5236\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u5e73\u975c\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5927\u773e\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u8857\u982d\u6297\u722d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u99b4\u5316\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u767c\u793e\u6703\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u6216\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6709\u4eba\u5438\u83f8\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u71b1\u5fc3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u767d\u773c\u6216\u8b74\u8cac\uff1b\u6392\u968a\u6216\u4e0a\u96fb\u6276\u68af\u6642\u9075\u5b88\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u8b74\u8cac\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u6027\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u8868\u73fe\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u653e\u9010\uff1b\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u88ab\u56b4\u5bc6\u6aa2\u8996\u662f\u5426\u6709\u89f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8655\uff1b\u90fd\u6703\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u5e38\u6d88\u8cbb\u7d93\u9a57\u88e1\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u4e0d\u6085\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u88dc\u511f\u3002\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u88e1\u898b\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u53e2\u6797\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u3001\u5e7c\u5c0f\u8005\u7a81\u7136\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u597d\u50cf\u7a81\u7136\u9577\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u8b66\u89ba\u7684\u3001\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u7fa9\u61a4\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u64c1\u62b1\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u8b74\u8cac\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80af\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u4efd\u4f86\u57f9\u990a[56]<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u53f0\u7063\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u570b\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u570b\u969b\u627f\u8a8d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\uff0f\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u9858\uff0c\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u5011\u7684\u654f\u611f\u548c\u611f\u6027\uff09\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u7576\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u7406\u5ff5\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u8056\u725b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\uff0f\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6a02\u65bc\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u8ab0\u6709\u7406\u7531\u53cd\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u7981\u5236\u4f4e\u8ce4\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u8650\u5f85\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u7981\u7d55\u5438\u83f8\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u63aa\u65bd\u5462\uff1f\u8ab0\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u4fdd\u8b77\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8b74\u8cac\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u523b\u8b93\u4efb\u4f55\u7570\u8b70\u6d88\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u900f\u904e\u5168\u7403\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u6240\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u9670\u67d4\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5152\u5c11\uff09\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u71b1\u5207\u7684\u5c0d\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u3001\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\uff09\u7570\u5df1\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\u8868\u9054\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u9707\u9a5a\u3001\u7126\u616e\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u7fa9\u61a4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f37\u5927\u6d36\u6e67\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u6de8\u5316\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5f62\u69cb\u5f97\u4ee5\u5411\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u986f\u793a\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u660e\u5316\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u8207\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u52a9\u800c\u975e\u8b8a\u614b\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd[57]<\/a>\uff1b\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u53ca\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u5247\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5408\u6d41\uff0c\u9081\u5411\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u656c\u800c\u53ef\u6b32\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u800c\u4efb\u4f55\u6297\u62d2\u9019\u4e9b\u666e\u4e16\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u6575\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u61f2\u7f70\u6216\u653e\u9010[58]<\/a>\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u672c\u4eba\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u4e09\u5e74\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\u65b0\u611f\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u521d\u7a3f\u3008\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u898f\u7bc4\u3009\u767c\u8868\u65bc2012\u5e7410\u67086-7\u65e5\u300c\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5c46\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u5c40\u52e2\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u7d93\u904e\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u5beb\u6539\u984c\u5f8c\u767c\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u6a19\u4e0d\u518d\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u6295\u5c04\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6587\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7c3d\u8a02\u9075\u5faa\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300b\u8207\u300a\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u5229\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300b\u5169\u5927\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u7d04\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u63a8\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b67\u8996\u516c\u7d04\u300d\uff08CEDAW\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u5169\u516c\u7d04\u7adf\u5949\u82e5\u4e0a\u570b\u4e4b\u6559\u5316\u8056\u65e8\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u672c\u571f\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6216\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u5929\u671d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u958b\u5316\uff0c\u8dea\u6c42\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6069\u6fa4\u964d\u81e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u6b64\u8655\u6587\u5b57\u70ba\u884c\u653f\u9662\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b67\u8996\u516c\u7d04\u300d\uff08CEDAW\uff09\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u7528\u8a9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u50c52002\u5e74\u81f32008\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6848\u4ef6\u7e3d\u6578\u4fbf\u903c\u8fd1\u5169\u842c\u4e03\u5343\u4ef6\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u7d71\u8a08\u8655\u6578\u64da\uff0chttp:\/\/www.moj.gov.tw\/site\/moj\/public\/MMO\/moj\/stat\/%20monthly\/t5-30.pdf<\/a>\u30022004\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u6cbb\u689d\u4f8b\u300929\u689d\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5bb6\u65cf\u8207\u6027\u6b0a\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5b78\u8005\u806f\u624b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6297\u8b70\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u5b57\u7344\u4fb5\u72af\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6cd5\u5b98\u7533\u8acb\u91cb\u61b2\uff0c\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u7d42\u65bc\u57282008\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\u539f\u5148\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u8981\u6c42\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u5075\u8fa6\u63f4\u4ea4\u6848\u4ef6\u7a4d\u5206\u734e\u52f5\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a72\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4ef6\u7acb\u523b\u5f9e\u4e09\u5343\u4ef6\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7e2e\u81f3\u516b\u767e\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u5e74\u7e7c\u7e8c\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u539f\u5148\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5075\u8fa6\u78ba\u5be6\u300c\u88fd\u9020\u300d\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u6848\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u7576\u53f8\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u300c\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u5077\u5690\u7981\u679c\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6642\uff0c\u60e1\u610f\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u3001\u5f37\u8feb\u7b49\u7b49\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u529b\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u8209\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u9752\u6625\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fd0\u5fd1\u3001\u5617\u8a66\u3001\u6478\u7d22\u3001\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u300d\u9019\u500b\u53f8\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u662f\u6027\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u6b0a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u632b\u6557\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u5f9e\u300c\u798f\u5229\u6cd5\u300d\u5230\u300c\u798f\u5229\u53ca\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5152\u5c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6db5\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u64f4\u5f35\u6027\u548c\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u806f\u5408\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u91d1\u8207\u6b50\u7f8e\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u9818\u8896\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u8af8\u591a\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u88e1\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\uff08World Bank\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u7d44\u7e54\u547c\u61c9\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u4f86\u6539\u9020\u5728\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5bb9\u7d0d\u66f4\u591a\u5973\u6027\u9032\u5165\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9054\u6210\u300c\u597d\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08good governance\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u897f\u65b9\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u9010\u6f38\u64e0\u8eab\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5217\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u8208\u6c11\u4e3b\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u5728\u5728\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u6478\u7d22\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u8907\u96dc\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u91dd\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u300e\u6b63\u5e38\u300f\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u88ab\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u3001\u5916\u570d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5a66\u5973\u6a5f\u69cb\u88e1\u300d\uff08Charlesworth, 1\uff09\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u3001\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u758f\u96e2\u81ea\u8eab\u5167\u90e8\u539f\u4f86\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u9644\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u3001\u5916\u570d\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u8fd1\u65e5\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5728\u6821\u5712\u6027\u9738\u51cc\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u6aa2\u8996\u53ca\u8a55\u4f30\u516c\u807d\u6703\u4e2d\u5584\u610f\u56de\u61c9\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5ba3\u793a\u5b78\u6821\u4e0d\u53ef\u61f2\u8655\u7a7f\u88d9\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u7537\u5b78\u751f\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u3008\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u5efa\u8b70 \u7537\u751f\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a7f\u88d9\u4e0a\u5b78\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\uff0c2013\u5e7408\u670815\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u7a4d\u6975\u4e3b\u52d5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u5e73\u6b0a\u63aa\u65bd\u8fd1\u5e74\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u793e\u904b\u5df2\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7d2e\u6839\u6539\u9020\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u793e\u6703\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5b9a\u5c31\u53ef\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u6210\u898b\u8207\u6b67\u8996\u662f\u5426\u8ddf\u8457\u6d88\u5931\u5247\u6709\u5f85\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u7d14\u6f54\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u88ab\u7537\u6027\u6559\u6388\u67d3\u6307\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5f15\u767c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u61a4\u6012\u548c\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u5f62\u8c61\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5718\u9ad4\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u4f4d\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u539f\u4f86\u5c31\u548c\u6559\u6388\u6709\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6848\u767c\u5f8c\u9084\u88ab\u6559\u6388\u4e4b\u914d\u5076\u63a7\u544a\u7834\u58de\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u5c31\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u63d0\u8d77\u4e86\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u8108\u7d61\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5973\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7684\u300a\u8c6a\u723d\u5973\u4eba\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300b\uff081994\uff09\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u6b64\u4e00\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5f8c\u5f15\u767c\u5f9e\u5de6\u7ffc\u5230\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u8faf\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0\u6536\u5165\u300a\u547c\u559a\u53f0\u7063\u65b0\u5973\u6027\uff1a\u8c6a\u723d\u5973\u4eba\u8ab0\u4e0d\u723d\uff1f\u300b\uff081997\uff0c\u7dda\u4e0a\u95b1\u8b80http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/publication\/book_common_05.html<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> 1995\u5e74\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u7814\u793e\u8a08\u756b\u5728\u5973\u751f\u5bbf\u820d\u653e\u6620A\u7247\u4ee5\u6fc0\u8d77\u5973\u6027\u300c\u81ea\u4e3b\u60c5\u617e\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u50b3\u51fa\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u8f3f\u8ad6\u64bb\u4f10\uff0c\u5728\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u7531\u6307\u5c0e\u8001\u5e2b\u5ba3\u4f48\u6539\u70ba\u300cA\u7247\u6279\u5224\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> 1996\u5e7412\u670814\u65e5\u5973\u5b78\u6703\u5728\u300a\u8c6a\u723d\u5973\u4eba\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u72c2\u98c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u65bc\u6771\u5433\u5927\u5b78\u53ec\u958b\u300c\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u7b97\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e14\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u8f49\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6050\u6027\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c1997\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u53f0\u5317\u516c\u5a3c\u7684\u6297\u722d\u9084\u80fd\u596e\u529b\u6253\u958b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0d\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f97\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u596e\u9b25\u6df1\u5316\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u5993\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7121\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u6211\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u65cf\u9858\u666f\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6587\u660e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u4e5f\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u8207\u6587\u660e\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u908a\u7de3\u4e0d\u5165\u6d41\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53ad\u60e1\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\uff1a\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u4f48\u5c40\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> 2010\u5e74\u56e0\u4e00\u6a01\u5152\u7ae5\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8f15\u5224\u800c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u81c9\u66f8\u6309\u8b9a\u7f77\u514d\u6050\u9f8d\u6cd5\u5b98\u9023\u7f72\u6d3b\u52d5\u6700\u7d42\u5f62\u6210\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u904b\u52d5\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u982d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f37\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6cd5\u91cd\u5224\u5e7c\u7ae5\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u7cb9\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u4f86\u4e3b\u6d41\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u6c88\u6fb1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u5728\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u7fa9\u61a4\u72c2\u98c6\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u5584\u60e1\u5c0d\u932f\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8cea\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u5dee\u7570\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u8868\u9054\u986f\u70ba\u591a\u9918\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u627e\u78b4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u906d\u9047\u66f4\u70ba\u72c2\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Stetson and Mazur\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c7a\u7b56\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u5f62\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u9078\u8209\u6642\u6c7a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u9ee8\u800c\u5728\u9078\u5f8c\u5206\u5f97\u6b0a\u529b\uff082-3\uff09\uff1bFranzway\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u986f\u793a\u7576\u570b\u5bb6\u906d\u9047\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u8feb\u56de\u61c9\u5a66\u5973\u53c3\u653f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8b70\uff0852-54\uff09\u3002\u9019\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u96d9\u65b9\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\uff08sex negativity\uff09\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u81eaGayle Rubin\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u6027\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u611f\uff0811\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u597d\u5e7e\u91cd\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u300c\u9867\u5fcc\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7981\u5fcc\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5fcc\u8af1\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u5fcc\u6027\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u56e0\u60c5\u617e\u8ca7\u7620\u800c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u60c5\u617e\u6d3b\u529b\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u300c\u5fcc\u5992\u300d\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5247\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5fcc\u6027\u300d\u50be\u5411\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u78b0\u89f8\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u6642\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u81ea\u767c\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5982\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u53ad\u60e1\u3001\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u898f\u907f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u6797\u82b3\u73ab\uff0c\u3008\u5f9e\u908a\u7de3\u6230\u9b25\u5230\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u6539\u9769\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b\u526f\u520a\uff0c1997\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u5361\u7dad\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u5979\u5011\u5728\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u53cd\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u5207\u5272\u3002\u53c3\u898bVance 34-39.<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u7576\u6642\u9078\u524d\u7684\u653f\u898b\u6aa2\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u9577\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u9ec3\u5927\u6d32\u3001\u8d99\u5c11\u5eb7\u3001\u548c\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u7684\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\uff0c\u793e\u904b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u65bc\u662f\u63a8\u52d5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5ee2\u7968\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5728\u653f\u898b\u4e0a\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7372\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u6295\u8ced\u721b\u7968\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u5c0d\u9078\u6c11\u7121\u76ca\u7684\u9078\u8209\u30021994\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u6211\u5728\u674e\u6fe4\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u300c2100\u5168\u6c11\u958b\u8b1b\u300d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\u300c\u5973\u6b0a\u8207\u9078\u8209\u300d\u55ae\u5143\uff08\u4f86\u8cd3\u5305\u62ec\u5442\u79c0\u84ee\u3001\u8b1d\u555f\u5927\u3001\u6d2a\u79c0\u67f1\u3001\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff09\u4e2d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u670b\u53cb12\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u706b\u8eca\u7ad9\u8209\u884c\u7684\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u9078\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u5973\u6027\u9078\u6c11\u62d2\u7d55\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u9078\u8209\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u6295\u7968\u3002\u4e00\u5411\u548c\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u95dc\u4fc2\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5289\u6bd3\u79c0\u548c\u5085\u7acb\u8449\u5247\u6279\u5224\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80af\u7ad9\u908a\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u96d6\u7136\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e0d\u76e1\u5982\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u547c\u7c72\u652f\u6301\u9673\u6c34\u6241\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u6295\u7968\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5e2d \u52ff\u6295\u8ced\u721b\u7968 \u52de\u9663\u7b49\u5718\u9ad4\u7c72\u52de\u5de5\u5a66\u5973\u8e34\u8e8d\u6295\u7968\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7acb\u65e9\u5831\u300b1994\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u653f\u904b\u4f01\u5716\u5728\u6027\u5225\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u9818\u5c0e\u793e\u904b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u958b\u8209\u52d5\u3002\uff08\u6211\u5f8c\u4f86\u628a\u8ced\u721b\u7968\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6545\u4e8b\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u3008\u5973\u4eba\u6295\u4e86\u6297\u66b4\u7968\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7248\uff0c1996\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\uff1b\u6709\u95dc\u8ced\u721b\u7968\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7406\u5ff5\u5247\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u3008\u5973\u4eba\u8ced\u721b\u7968\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u9a37\u52d5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c1996\u5e746\u6708\uff0c81-88\u9801\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u82f1\u570b\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u88e1\u5275\u9020\u67d0\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\u8005\u6216\u8005\u653f\u7b56\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u8005\uff0c\u53c3\u898bSawyer\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5247\u63a1\u7528\u745e\u5178\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u7d93\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u5275\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u6a5f\u5668\u56e0\u70ba\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e02\u9577\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4e3b\u7ba1\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u8457\u6bd4\u8b70\u6703\u8aee\u8a62\u548c\u76e3\u7763\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> \u66fe\u7d93\u4efb\u8077\u6b64\u985e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fA\uff1f\u4e0d\u662fB\uff1f\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff1f\u59d4\u54e1\u7684\u7522\u751f\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u958b\u9074\u9078\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5e02\u9577\u6216\u9662\u9577\u9080\u8acb\u3002\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u7576\u7136\u5373\u4f7f\u516c\u958b\u9074\u9078\u4e5f\u96e3\u514d\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4eba\u60c5\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u9080\u8acb\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u731c\u6e2c\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u85cd\u7da0\u806f\u60f3\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8ab0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u5a66\u904b\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u6703\u4ee5\u5168\u9ad4\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u5230\u5973\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u3002\u300d\u53c3\u770b\u3008\u674e\u6587\u82f1\u8a2a\u8ac7\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\uff1a\u5a66\u5973\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> \u4f86\u81ea\u9ec3\u6dd1\u73b2\uff0c\u3008\u5efa\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\u3009\uff0cppt\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u5c31\u9023\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u8da8\u52e2\u6703\u55aa\u5931\u539f\u4f86\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u5c64\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u6797\u82b3\u73ab\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6392\u5b83\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u8cea\u6027\uff0c\u6295\u5c04\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u6240\u6709\u300d\u5973\u4eba\u767c\u8a00\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\uff0f\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8d8a\u767c\u6c92\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u53c3\u770b\u3008\u674e\u6587\u82f1\u8a2a\u8ac7\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\uff1a\u5a66\u5973\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> 2012\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u7d44\u7e54\u518d\u9020\u70ba\u300c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6703<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u4f86\u81ea\u9ec3\u6dd1\u73b2\uff0c\u3008\u5efa\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\u3009\uff0cppt\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u53c3\u770b\u3008\u674e\u6587\u82f1\u8a2a\u8ac7\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\uff1a\u5a66\u5973\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3009\u3002\u5f6d\u6e30\u96ef\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5a66\u6b0a\u6703\u4f5c\u70ba\u975e\u5e38\u8a2d\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u6c7a\u7b56\u5982\u679c\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6d6a\u8cbb\u884c\u653f\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u6b78\u5c6c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6703\u843d\u5728\u5979\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0830\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u9ec3\u6dd1\u73b2\u3008\u5efa\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\u3009ppt\u4e2d\u4e4b\u7528\u8a9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u8f49\u5411\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u9019\u662f1994\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d44\u7e54\u6176\u795d\u570b\u969b\u5a66\u5973\u7bc0\u6240\u4e3b\u8fa68\u5834\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u5973\u300e\u6027\u300f\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u73fe\u5834\u7684\u9304\u5f71\u8a18\u9304\u53ef\u898bhttp:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5xfQr0_0O3g&feature=player_embedded&hd=1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u7576\u6642\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6587\u5316\u96dc\u8a8c\u300a\u5cf6\u5dbc\u908a\u7de3\u300b\u5f9e1994\u5e743\u6708\u865f\u8d77\u6bcf\u671f\u63a8\u51fa\u3008\u5996\u8a00\u3009\u5c08\u6b04\uff0c\u5f9e\u5973\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u8aa0\u5be6\u800c\u9732\u9aa8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u60c5\u617e\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u505c\u520a\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u3008\u5996\u8a00\u3009\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u958b\u653e\u6c1b\u570d\u537b\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u5c08\u6b04\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u64f4\u6563\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u8ddd\u96e21990\u5e74\u4ee3\u771f\u7684\u5df2\u7d93\u7dca\u7e2e\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> 1994\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u9996\u5ea6\u7531\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u8857\u982d\u6297\u722d\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u5e2b\u5927\u6559\u6388\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5973\u751f\u6848\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u9032\u4e2d\u558a\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u6211\u8981\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\u53e3\u865f\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u60c5\u617e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u5f4c\u6216\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> 1995\u5e745\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u7814\u793e\u8a08\u756b\u5728\u5bbf\u820d\u653e\u6620A\u7247\u4ee5\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u9000\u7e2e\u70ba\u300c\u6279\u5224\u8272\u60c5\u300d\u3002\u524d\u5f8c\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u65b0\u805e\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff1a\u3008\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u820dA\u7247\u767b\u5802\u5165\u5ba4 \u5973\u7814\u793e\u5c07\u65bc11\u65e5\u8d77\u8209\u8fa6\u300cA\u7247\u5f71\u5c55\u300d \u671f\u6fc0\u8d77\u5973\u751f\u81ea\u4e3b\u60c5\u617e\u5c0d\u8a71\u3009\uff0c 1995\u5e745\u67089\u65e5\u300a\u81ea\u7acb\u665a\u5831\u300b\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u5f8c\u7684\u3008\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u7814\u793e\u8209\u8fa6\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u8aaa\u660e\u8209\u8fa6\u6d3b\u52d5\u539f\u56e0 \u5973\u751f\u770bA\u7247 \u553e\u68c4\u52a3\u8cea\u6027\u6587\u5316\u3009\uff0c 1995\u5e745\u670816\u65e5\u300a\u81ea\u7acb\u65e9\u5831\u300b\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6b21\u53cd\u632b\uff0c\u975e\u53f0\u5927\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5927\u5c08\u5973\u751f\u884c\u52d5\u806f\u76df\u300d\u6c7a\u5fc3\u8868\u9054\u300c\u4e0d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770bA\u7247\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6f14\u7d66\u4f60\u770b\uff01\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c5\u670822\u65e5\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5927\u5b89\u516c\u5712\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u60c5\u617e\u62d3\u8352\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7531\u5973\u751f\u96c6\u9ad4\u53eb\u5e8a\uff0c\u596a\u56de\u5973\u4eba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e26\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u9ad4\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u6027\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u300c\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d\uff08\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u7576\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u8457\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5354\u5546\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6210\u898b\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6d88\u5f4c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> \u3008\u5973\u5b78\u6703\u2260\u6027\u89e3\u653e\uff1f\uff1a\u5ba3\u4f48\u756b\u6e05\u754c\u9650 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u7de8\u64b0\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u8655\u5883\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\u300d\u3009\uff0c1994\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u8f49\u5411\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u806f\u5408\u570b\u5c07\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba18\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u6b64\u8209\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u5169\u6b72\u5e7c\u5152\u548c18\u6b72\u9752\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u77ee\u5316\u4e86\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u7dbb\u653e\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5152\u5c11\u4eba\u53e3\u4e00\u9ad4\u5be6\u65bd\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> 2009\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u793e\u6703\u5c40\u5ba3\u5c0e\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u9632\u6cbb\u6642\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6709\u540d\u5973\u5b50\u53d7\u9694\u58c1\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u95c6\u611b\u6155\uff0c\u7537\u5b50\u9577\u671f\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u300c\u89c0\u770b\u300d\u5979\u8d70\u5230\u8336\u6c34\u9593\u6216\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u8b93\u5973\u5b50\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7533\u8a34\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7537\u5b50\u6328\u7f70\u3002\u3008\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8b8a\u56b4 \u5317\u5e02\u793e\u6703\u5c40\uff1a\u770b\u770b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\uff01\u3009\uff0cNow News<\/em>\uff0c2009\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> George Marcus\u4e5f\u66fe\u7528\u300c\u611f\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u300d\uff08the sentimental citizen\uff09\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5206\u6790\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u53ea\u95dc\u6ce8\u6311\u6230\u7406\u6027\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7565\u904e\u4e0d\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8208\u8d77\u8f49\u5316\u7576\u7136\u6709\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u89e3\u56b4\u524d\u570b\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5b64\u81e3\u5b7d\u5b50\u60c5\u64cd\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u5171\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5927\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5834\u57df\u88e1\u6d41\u52d5\u8457\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6d2a\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u9078\u8209\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u51dd\u805a\u5f37\u5316\u3002\u5c31\u672c\u6587\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6f8e\u6e43\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6e96\u5099\u4e86\u6c83\u571f\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u8f49\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u6295\u6ce8\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u60c5\u611f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u806f\u7db2\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ee3\u70ba\u5404\u65b9\u5f15\u7528\u76842005\u5e74\u6578\u64da\u70ba73.3%\uff0chttp:\/\/www.twcsi.org.tw\/columnpage\/service\/situation.aspx<\/a>\u3002\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5168\u570b\u5546\u696d\u7e3d\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u76842007\u5e74\u6578\u64da\u70ba71.05%\uff0chttp:\/\/60.244.127.66\/big5\/p1215\/htm\/link\/4-0.pdf<\/a>\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8a31\u8a8d\u70ba\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4ee5\u897f\u5f0f\u901f\u98df\u696d\u8d77\u5bb6\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\u6709\u5176\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u542b\u610f\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316\u3009\uff0c5-8\uff09\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u96d9\u91cd\u64cd\u7df4\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u8981\u6bd4\u4ecd\u4ee5\u55ae\u5411\u6b0a\u5a01\u898f\u8a13\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u5165\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9023\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u4ee5\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u52de\u52d5\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u6a19\u7aff\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u64f4\u6563\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u548c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662f2010\u5e74\u56e0\u5e7c\u5973\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u8f15\u5224\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u904b\u52d5\u3002http:\/\/whiterose.org.tw\/<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f9e1993\u5e74\u63a8\u52d5\u96db\u5993\u6551\u63f4\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5c31\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8173\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u300c\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u300d\u4ea6\u53ef\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u7ba1\u5236\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u3001\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u51fa\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff08\u63a8\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u660e\u6587\u7684\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff08Habermas 357-373\uff09\u3002\u300c\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u300d\u6240\u6307\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u975c\u614b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u57f7\u884c\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5236\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> Hochschild\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5206\u6790\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6642\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u5340\u5206\u8868\u5c64\u626e\u6f14\u548c\u6df1\u5c64\u626e\u6f14\uff0837-42\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u7cbe\u9032\u548c\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u7a69\u56fa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u5225\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7dad\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> \u752f\u61c9\u658c\u66fe\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6703\u8b70\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u2500\u2500\u4f5c\u70ba\u60c5\u611f\u52de\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u6f38\u6b21\u5728\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\u57f9\u990a\u8d77\u81ea\u4e3b\u5c08\u696d\u4f46\u89aa\u5207\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u5bcc\u88d5\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u2500\u2500\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u65b0\u968e\u7d1a\u7b26\u865f\u2500\u2500\u5247\u4f7f\u5f97\u7537\u6027\u9010\u6f38\u50be\u5411\u7d30\u7dfb\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u7570\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u967d\u525b\u7c97\u7377\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> \u5927\u9678\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u904a\u5ba2\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5370\u8c61\uff08\u6eab\u548c\u6709\u79ae\u3001\u8010\u5b88\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u967d\u525b\uff0f\u723a\u5011\uff09\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6587\u660e\u5316\uff0f\u9670\u67d4\u5316\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> \u5728\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff08global governance\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\uff08symbolic\uff09\u3001\u98a8\u8a55\u7684\uff08reputational\uff09\u300d\uff08Vayrynen 27\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5708\u7684\u5165\u9580\u78da\u9010\u6f38\u51f8\u986f\u4eba\u6b0a\u8a18\u9304\u3001\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u7167\u9867\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5b58\u7591\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u919c\u805e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u5a01\u8105\u570b\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u798d\u9996\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5f37\u5316\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c61\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> \u300a\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u300b\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u547d\u63ed\u767c\u793e\u6703\u9ed1\u6697\u9762\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u8a18\u8005\u81e5\u5e95\u6ef2\u5165\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u7fa9\u4f7f\u8005\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u63a9\u84cb\u8e10\u8e0f\u908a\u7de3\u4e4b\u5be6\u30022012\u5e74\u53f0\u9435\u706b\u8eca\u8db4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u30012013\u5e74\u6a02\u5718\u4e3b\u5531\u6027\u611b\u8db4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u5178\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u88e1\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u4ee5\u53f0\u8a9e\u767c\u97f3\uff0c\u6709\u8cbc\u8fd1\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u8cbc\u8fd1\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6eab\u6696\u6697\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> \u7576\u4ee3\u5e38\u898b\u7c97\u7cd9\u800c\u5f8c\u60a3\u7121\u7aae\u7684\u300c\u9a5a\u6050\u7acb\u6cd5\u300d\uff08panic legislation\uff09\uff08Jenkins 6\uff09\u8207\u57f7\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u59821999\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a0a\u606f\u6c3e\u6feb\u5c0e\u81f4\u5152\u5c11\u6d89\u5165\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u5c07\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f\u4e00\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u5075\u8fa6\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u540c\u6642\u8feb\u4f7f\u8b66\u653f\u7f72\u8a2d\u7f6e\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\u512a\u5148\u5075\u8fa6\u8207\u63f4\u4ea4\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u81ea1999\u5e74\u81f32008\u5e74\u6709\u5169\u842c\u591a\u540d\u7db2\u53cb\u56e0\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6697\u793a\u300d\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u800c\u9001\u6cd5\u8fa6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5b57\u7344\u572829\u689d\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5bb6\u65cf\u591a\u6b21\u8209\u8fa6\u5ea7\u8ac7\u548c\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6cd5\u5b98\u63d0\u8d77\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u91cb\u61b2\uff0c\u624d\u65bc2008\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4ef6\u4e5f\u7acb\u523b\u5f9e\u6bcf\u5e74\u6578\u5343\u6848\u964d\u70ba\u6578\u767e\u6848\uff0c\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\u66f4\u8b8a\u6210\u6578\u5341\u6848\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u3008\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u6aa2\u5bdf\u7f72\u8fa6\u7406\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7d71\u8a08\u3009http:\/\/www.moj.gov.tw\/site\/moj\/public\/MMO\/moj\/stat\/%20monthly\/t5-30.pdf<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> \u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u6821\u5712\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7d55\u5c0d\u9ad8\u904e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u9ad4\u80fd\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f9e\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6cd5\u898f\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u53ca\u901a\u5831\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u986f\u770b\u898b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> Tani Barlow\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\uff08\u5982\u74b0\u4fdd\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u5973\u6027\u654f\u611f\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u9472\u5d4c\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u9738\u6b0a\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u53c3\u898bBarlow\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> \u5f88\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u8de8\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u65b0\u800c\u5177\u8f49\u5316\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5f62\u5851\u5728\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u6b61\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u300c\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u570b\u5167\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u958b\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u672c\u5f62\u5851\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u300d\uff08True & Mintrom 28\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u6b63\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Angelides, Steven.\u00a0 \u201cFeminism, Child Sexual Abuse, and the Erasure of Child Sexuality.\u201d\u00a0 GLQ<\/em> 10.2 (2004): 141-177.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barlow, Tani.\u00a0 \u201cInternational Feminisms of the Future.\u201d\u00a0 Feminisms at a Millennium<\/em>, Signs<\/em>, 25.4 (Summer, 2000): 1099-1105.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charlesworth, Hilary.\u00a0 \u201cNot Waving but Drowning: Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights in the United Nations.\u201d\u00a0 Harvard Human Rights Journal<\/em> 18 (spring 2005): 1-18.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elias, Norbert.\u00a0 The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations<\/em>.\u00a0 Trans. By Edmund Jephcott.\u00a0 Revised Edition.\u00a0 Edited by Eric Dunning, Johyan Goudsblom and Stephen Mennell.\u00a0 Oxford: Blackwell, 1994, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Franzway, S, D. Court & R. W. Connell, eds. \u00a0Staking a Claim: Feminism, Bureaucracy and the State<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Paladin, 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

Habermas, J\u00fcrgen. \u00a0The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. II, Life World and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. <\/em>\u00a0Boston: Beacon Press, 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hochschild, Arlie Russel.\u00a0 The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling<\/em>.\u00a0 Berkeley: U of California P, 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n

Illouz, Eva. \u00a0Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism.<\/em>\u00a0 Cambridge: Polity, 2007, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

Irvine, Janice M.\u00a0 \u201cTransient Feelings: Sex Panics and the Politics of Emotions.\u201d\u00a0 GLQ<\/em> 14.1 (2007): 1-40.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jenkins, Philip.\u00a0 Moral Panic: Changing Concepts of the Child Molester in Modern America<\/em>.\u00a0 New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marcus, George.\u00a0 The <\/em>\u201cSentimental\u201d Citizen: Emotion in Democratic Politics<\/em>.\u00a0 University Park: U of Pennsylvania P, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rubin, Gayle.\u00a0 “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.”\u00a0 In Carole S. Vance (Ed.),\u00a0Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality<\/em>.\u00a0 Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.\u00a0 267-319.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sawyer, Marian.\u00a0 Making Women Count: A History of the Women\u2019s Electoral Lobby in Australia<\/em>.\u00a0 Sidney: U of New South Wales P, 2008.\u00a0 44-45.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stetson, Dorothy McBride and Amy G. Mazur, eds.\u00a0 Comparative<\/em> State<\/em> Feminism. <\/em>\u00a0Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

True, Jacqui & Michael Mintrom.\u00a0 \u201cTransnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming.\u201d\u00a0 International Studies Quarterly<\/em>, 45.1 (March 2001): 27-57.\u00a0 Stable URL: http:\/\/links.jstor.org\/sici?sici=0020-8833%28200103%2945%3A1%3C27%3ATNAPDT%3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Vance, Carole S.\u00a0 \u201cNegotiating Sex and Gender in the Attorney General\u2019s Commission on Pornography.\u201d\u00a0 Sex Exposed: Sexuality and the Pornography Debate<\/em>.\u00a0 Eds. Lynne Segal & Mary McIntosh.\u00a0 London: Virago P, 1992.\u00a0 29-49.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u3002\u3008\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5973\u300c\u6027\u300d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3009\u3002\u300a\u4eba\u6587\u8207\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7c21\u8a0a\u300b\uff0c10.3\uff082009\uff09\uff1a\u980129-35\u3002\u700f\u89bd\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2011\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/www.nsc.gov.tw\/hum\/public\/Data\/96171573371.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5361\u7dad\u6ce2\u3002\u3008\u300c\u5a66\u6b0a\u6d3e\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6027\u6b0a\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u5169\u689d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8def\u7dda\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u3009\u3002\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6708\u5831\u300b5\uff082001\uff09\u3002\u700f\u89bd\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2011\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/www.ncu.edu.tw\/~eng\/csa\/journal\/journal_forum_52.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u3002\u3008\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u8f49\u5411\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8f49\u773c\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u6027\u904b\u56de\u9867\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2012\u3002\u9801221-263\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\u3002\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\uff1a\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u4f48\u5c40\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c6\u8f2f\uff08\u7e3d\u7b2c33\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9ec3\u76c8\u76c8\u3001\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\u4e3b\u7de8\u3002\u6027\u5b78\u842c\u6709\u6587\u5eab062\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\uff1a\u842c\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c262-276\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3008\u674e\u6587\u82f1\u8a2a\u8ac7\u9867\u71d5\u7fce\uff1a\u5a66\u5973\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3009\uff0c2011\u5e743<\/a>\u67088\u65e5\u3002http:\/\/feminist-original.blogspot.com\/2011\/07\/20110308.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6797\u82b3\u73ab\uff0c\u3008\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5176\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1a\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u70ba\u4f8b\u63a2\u8a0e\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u793e\u6703\u300b\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c2008\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9801159-203\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f6d\u6e30\u96ef\uff0c\u3008\u7576\u5b98\uf9bb\u9047\u4e0a\u5a66\u904b\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\uf9ca\u5316\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u5433\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c26\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c2008\uff0c\u98011-59\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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