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2014\u5e74318\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u6297\u8b70\u5169\u5cb8\u670d\u8cbf\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d14\u6f54\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u71b1\u60c5\u5954\u9a30\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5f62\u8c61\u99d5\u99ad\u8457Amie Parry\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a21\u7bc4\u6027\u300d\uff08democratic exemplarity\uff09\u50b2\u7136\u5165\u4e3b\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff1a\u5b78\u751f\u516c\u6c11\u4e00\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u6709\u8457\u6e05\u6670\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u537b\u9084\u80fd\u300c\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e2d\u7acb\u300d\uff08Parry 46\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u547d\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u7121\u95dc\u3001\u8d85\u7136\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u81ea\u547d\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u7fa9\u6b63\u8a5e\u56b4\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4ecb\u5165\u5404\u7a2e\u65e5\u5e38\u73fe\u8c61\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u73fe\u5834\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u6642\u6240\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u56b4\u5bc6\u5340\u9694\u548c\u5de1\u908f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u9ad4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7fa4\u773e\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u968e\u5e8f\uff1a\u5b78\u751f\u516c\u6c11\u986f\u7136\u5c6c\u65bc\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u4e0a\u5c64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6587\u660e\u79e9\u5e8f\u74b0\u4fdd\u95dc\u61f7\u5f31\u52e2\u7b49\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u64c1\u62b1\u548c\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u5728\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\u516c\u6c11\uff08\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c92\u6709\u8868\u73fe\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u660e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u904b\u653f\u904b\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff09\u3002\u6587\u660e\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u53ef\u656c\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u65b0\u6838\u5fc3\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6975\u5ea6\u7d14\u6f54\u5316\u3001\u795e\u8056\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u671f\u9593\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u6027\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u767c\u751f\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u722d\u8b70\u751a\u81f3\u919c\u805e\u56b4\u91cd\u885d\u64ca\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u5b78\u904b\u7684\u516c\u773e\u5f62\u8c61[6]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u672c\u4f86\u8207\u5b78\u904b\u653f\u6cbb\u9817\u70ba\u5408\u62cd\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u8f49\u578b\u6b63\u7fa9\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u542b\u6dda\u8655\u7406\u7684\u71d9\u624b\u5c71\u828b[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u63a5\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5225\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u860a\u542b\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u679c\u5c62\u5c62\u88ab\u7aef\u4e0a\u570b\u969b\u53f0\u9762\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f50\u8b49\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u6ae5\u7a97\uff0c\u4ee5\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u5c31\u4f86\u76db\u8b9a\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u570b\u969b\u9732\u81c9\u767c\u8072\u7684\u6709\u529b\u65b0\u5e73\u53f0[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\u6574\u9ad4\u9670\u67d4\u5316\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53f0\u5317\u90fd\u6703\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u3001\u59d4\u5a49\u3001\u5468\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u865f\u7a31\u9ad4\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u7b49\u666e\u4e16\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\uff0c\u66f4\u9a57\u8b49\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f8c\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u64e0\u8eab\u5148\u9032\u6587\u660e\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5217\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8b49\u660e\u6b64\u5cb8\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8cea\u7d42\u7a76\u58d3\u904e\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u570b\u969b\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u5c40\u4e2d\u53d7\u56f0\u65bc\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5b58\u7591\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u908a\u7de3\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u81ea\u50b2\u65bc\u6210\u529f\u767c\u9054\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u6a19\u7aff[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c0d\u627f\u8f09\u9019\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u62c9\u626f\u529b\u9053\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6301\u7e8c\u7dca\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\u3001\u9ad4\u73fe\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u53ef\u656c\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8fc2\u8ff4\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u969b\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u9806\u5229\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u6c11\u9593\u651c\u624b\u5171\u6cbb\u7684\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u9ad8\u8abf\u5c55\u73fe\u6c11\u4e3b\u6210\u679c\u800c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u591a\u5143\u958b\u660e\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c07\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u8fd1\u69cb\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u611f\u8da8\u5411\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cbb\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u5143\u958b\u660e\u9762\u8c8c\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u7279\u5225\u805a\u7126\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0f\u4ed7\u7fa9\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u6295\u6ce8\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u5169\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5a49\u4f46\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u53cb\u5584<\/strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u300c<\/strong>\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong>\u300d<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u6280\u8853\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u50b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u81ea\u52d5\u6cbb\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u81ea\u52d5\u6cbb\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/strong>\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u6307\u51fa\u65b0\u8208\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u6280\u8853\u5b78\u300d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6cbb\u7406[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong>\u4e26\u975e\u6063\u610f\u65bd\u5c55\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff09\u662f\u9472\u5d4c\u572830<\/strong>\u5e74\u4f86\u5df2\u7d93\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5167\u5316\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u3001\u59d4\u5a49\u3001\u71b1\u5fc3\u7b49\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u88e1\u64cd\u4f5c[12]<\/a><\/strong>\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u8209\u6b62\u7684\u53ef\u656c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u52d5\u54e1\u56b4\u53b2\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6642\u770b\u4f86\u65e2\u5fc5\u8981\u4e5f\u6b63\u7576\uff0c\u800c\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5247\u5141\u8afe\u70ba\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u6240\u634d\u885b\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u5e73\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u9805\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u7dad\u7a69\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u77ef\u60c5\u5c0d\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e26\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005Jack Halberstam\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5275\u50b7\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4fee\u8fad\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u56b4\u8085\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9177\u5152\u539f\u672c\u5728\u58d3\u8feb\u4e2d\u7ffb\u8f49\u60c5\u52e2\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u3001\u6297\u722d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3001\u5632\u5f04\u3001\u8af7\u523a\u3001\u7121\u804a\u8a71\u3001\u8df3\u8e8d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u548c\u60e1\u610f\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u9a37\u64fe\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e00\u6a23\u4e00\u9ad4\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u800c\u9020\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5[17]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u4eba\u58eb\u9ad8\u65ed\u5bec\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u5167\u53cd\u6027\u9738\u51cc\u800c\u300c\u7981\u6b62\u7f75\u5225\u4eba\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u548c\u4eba\u5996\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9632\u6cbb\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u800c\u56b4\u683c\u300c\u7981\u6b62\u5b78\u751f\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u6216\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6027\u3001\u60c5\u617e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u540d\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u514d\u65bc\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u4e0a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6b67\u8996\u6642\u8d8a\u767c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u8655\u7406[18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u624b\u59d4\u5a49\u4e00\u624b\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76db\u884c\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u653e\u5927\u5c55\u73fe\u5176\u7c21\u5316\u8207\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u8001\u724c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005Joan Scott\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u5ee3\u6cdb\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u3001\u5584\u610f\u70ba\u865f\u53ec\u7684\u6587\u660e\u898f\u7bc4\uff08civility\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u4ee4\u6559\u5e2b\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u8aaa\u8a71\u65b9\u5f0f\u614b\u5ea6\u7528\u5b57\u9063\u8a5e\u90fd\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u7be9\u6aa2\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6559\u6750\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u5230\u654f\u611f\u8b70\u984c\u90fd\u8981\u9810\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u793a\uff08trigger-warning\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u89f8\u767c\uff08trigger\uff09\u5b78\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u56de\u61b6\u6216\u6050\u61fc\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5176\u8106\u5f31\u5fc3\u9748\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u56b4\u5bc6\u9632\u7bc4\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u901a\u5e38\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6b67\u8996\u6210\u898b\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a00\u8ad6\u9650\u5236\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e4b\u540d\u6de8\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u3001\u906e\u63a9\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u654f\u611f\u8b70\u984c\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0f\u61f2\u7f70\u6559\u5e2b\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u5229\u5668[21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002Tav Nyong’o\u4e5f\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u300c\u9738\u51cc\u90e8\u843d\u5ba2\u300d\uff08Bullybloggers\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u628a\u6821\u5712\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u98fd\u53d7\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u8fad\u7b56\u7565\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a7a\u9593\u6301\u7e8c\u88ab\u5e7c\u5152\u5316\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7cfe\u7e8f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u614c\u548c\u6027\u6050\u614c\u90fd\u7cfe\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u300d[22]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6050\u614c\u8da8\u52e2\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u9817\u70ba\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6559\u6750\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u96a8\u6642\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u6a19\u6e96\u6aa2\u8996\u800c\u5148\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u8a2d\u9650\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8abf\u6559\u548c\u8a00\u8a9e\u6de8\u5316\u7684\u57f7\u6cd5\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u6253\u958b\u6821\u5712\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u8c50\u5bcc\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u958b\u62d3\u773c\u754c\u8207\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6295\u8aa0\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u63a5\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u529b\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u9673\u5009\u6697\u6e21\u7684\u628a\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f48\u6eff\u6821\u5712\u751f\u6d3b<\/strong>[23]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u548c\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6587\u660e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6eab\u6696\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u88ab\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u537b\u662f\u5982\u4eba\u98f2\u6c34\uff0c\u51b7\u6696\u81ea\u77e5\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u4eba\u65bd\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u5bb9\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u504f\u96e2\u5e38\u898f\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u88ab\u5305\u5bb9\u300d\uff08Brown 186\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u6b63\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u504f\u96e2\uff0f\u4e0d\u99b4\u800c\u88ab\u5e38\u898f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u300c\u95dc\u6ce8\u300d\uff0c\u88ab\u53e6\u773c\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u96a8\u6642\u88ab\u95dc\u611b\u3001\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u65bd\u4e88\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u5f37\u6b0a\u8005\u65bd\u6069\u5f0f\u5730\u5c07\u6b0a\u529b\u58df\u7f69\u4ee5\u7167\u8b77\u5f31\u8005\u300d[24]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u6642\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u7981\u6b62\u6575\u610f\u7684\u8077\u5834\u6216\u5b78\u7fd2\u74b0\u5883\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u8005\u8868\u793a\u5305\u5bb9\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0a\u91cd\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6a19\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ca\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u62d2\u7d55\u88ab\u95dc\u6ce8\u3001\u5b89\u65bc\u4e0d\u5920\u683c\u3001\u4e0d\u77e5\u597d\u6b79\u53c8\u4e0d\u8b58\u76f8\u3001\u6284\u6377\u5f91\u8d70\u5f8c\u9580\u3001\u7e3d\u662f\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ca\u683c\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e5f\u51fa\u9762\u5426\u8a8d\u6216\u8cac\u602a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u6587\u660e\u95dc\u611b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4[25]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5b0c\u8cb4\u60c5\u611f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u300d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u652f\u6490\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u9707\u76ea\u6500\u5347\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u6240\u906e\u63a9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u77db\u76fe\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u88ab\u6372\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u3001\u4e0d\u96a8\u548c\u3001\u4e0d\u5f9e\u773e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u653b\u64ca\u614b\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002Elias\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u6642\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5728\u91ce\u883b\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u9f13\u52f5\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u617e\u53ca\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5feb\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u6536\u6582\u58d3\u6291\uff0c\u88ab\u773e\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u6392\u65a5\uff08Elias I: 295-328\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u88e1\uff0c\u5f9e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u80a2\u9ad4\u66b4\u529b\u5230\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0a\u9732\u51fa\u623e\u6c23\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u773c\u5149\u88e1\u6709\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u81ea\u5728\u6d6e\u73fe\u8868\u9054[26]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u9ad8\u8209\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u5c0a\u91cd\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u623e\u6c23\u6575\u610f\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u5236\u6b62\u3001\u6d88\u6ec5\u3002Wendy Brown\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u300c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7368\u6709\u6a19\u8a18\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u6e90\u982d\uff0837\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u770b\u4f3c\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u537b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0828\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6587\u660e\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u514b\u670d\u4e0d\u65b7\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6575\u610f\uff1b\u9019\u500b\u5167\u5728\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5f35\u529b\u96a8\u8457\u958b\u660e\u6642\u4ee3\u88e1\u7570\u8cea\u4e8b\u7269\u65e5\u76ca\u5f70\u986f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u88ab\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u6380\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0a\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7126\u616e\u7169\u8e81\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7126\u616e\u7169\u8e81\u6b63\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u516c\u773e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f15\u767c\u7fa9\u61a4\u72c2\u6f6e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u6e90<\/strong>[27]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9032\u5165\u96c6\u9ad4\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u5c0a\u8cb4\uff0f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u516c\u6c11\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u5168\u7136\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fb9\u5e95\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6fc0\u52d5\u7fa9\u61a4\uff0c\u5176\u5f35\u63da\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f50\u8b49\u4e86\u4ed7\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u771f\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u5750\u5be6\u4e86\u5192\u72af\u548c\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u7522\u751f\u793e\u6703\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u300c\u5916\u986f\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0d\u4f46\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u6b63\u7fa9\u6709\u5fd7\u4e00\u540c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecb\u5165\u2026\u2026\u516c\u773e\u8868\u9054\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u58d3\u653f\u5ba2\u3001\u6aa2\u8b66\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u5236\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u61c9\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u722d\u6230\u300d\uff08Irvine 2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u64c1\u62b1\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u591a\u5143\u7b49\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u6709\u8457\u6975\u70ba\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u8207\u611f\u67d3\u529b\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5438\u5f15\u6e34\u671b\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6295\u8aa0\u52a0\u5165\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63a1\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u8aaa\u8a5e\u4f86\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7570\u8b70\u5664\u8072\uff0c\u95dc\u9589\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u5c31\u4ee5\u5e7e\u4ef6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u4e2d\u6b63\u5927\u5b78\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u8056\u7d93\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u8853\u570b\u969b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u9080\u8acb\u9999\u6e2f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u8005\u6d78\u6703\u5927\u5b78\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\u95dc\u555f\u6587\u4f86\u53f0\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u66f8\u9762\u8cc7\u6599\u591a\u8655\u6d89\u53ca\u53cd\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u5718\u5b78\u751f\u8cea\u7591\u6b64\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u6709\u9055\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u767c\u8d77\u81c9\u66f8\u6d3b\u52d5\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u8b70\u6703\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa8\u9ede\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6216\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u7b49\u6d3b\u52d5\u8fa6\u7406\u61c9\u6aa2\u8996\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u6d89\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u6216\u5f37\u5316\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u6559\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u6d89\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u8a00\u8ad6\u7b49[28]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c2012\u5e74\u653f\u5927\u901a\u8b58\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8207\u793e\u6703\u300d\u8ab2\u7a0b\u9080\u8acb\u300c\u8d70\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8f14\u5c0e\u5354\u6703\u300d\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u653f\u5927\u300c\u9678\u4ec1\u8cc8\u540c\u5fd7\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u300d\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u8d70\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8f14\u5c0e\u5354\u6703\u300d\u70ba\u53cd\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5021\u5c0e\u80fd\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u91ab\u6cbb\u540c\u5fd7\u6027\u5225\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u591a\u5143\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u6f14\u8b1b\u660e\u986f\u9055\u53cd\u300a\u6027\u5e73\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u865f\u53ec\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b78\u6821\u64a4\u9664\u8ab2\u7a0b[29]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c2013\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u6559\u5e2b\u56e0\u53cd\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u5728\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5ba3\u63da\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u5b78\u751f\u9023\u7f72\u53cd\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u751f\u611f\u5230\u300c\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u300d\u800c\u6295\u8a34\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u8868\u793a\u8001\u5e2b\u72af\u4e0b\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u300c\u4f46\u5df2\u5c0d\u6b64\u884c\u70ba\u8aa0\u61c7\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4e26\u7b54\u61c9\u4e0b\u9031\u6703\u7576\u8457\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u9762\u6495\u6389\u9023\u7f72\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66ab\u6642\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u5979\u89e3\u8058\u300d[30]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6821\u5712\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6216\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u56b4\u6b63\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u6c42\u6821\u65b9\u64a4\u9664\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u8b93\u8b1b\u8005\u5664\u8072\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b7\u7136\u5426\u6c7a\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u53cb\u5584\u6821\u5712\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u6b63\u5728\u64f4\u6563\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u7fa9\u70ba\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f86\u500b\u300c\u7f54\u5169\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u300e\u5e73\u7b49\u300f\u770b\u898b\u300d\u7684\u724c\u5b50\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7d0d\u5165\u7248\u5716\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u7d81\u6b7b\u3002\uff08\u6d2a\u51cc\u81c9\u66f8\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u60f3\u300c\u88ab\u300d\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u300c\u88ab\u300d\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4e5f\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u60f3\u300c\u88ab\u300d\u5e73\u7b49[31]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u81ea\u547d\u591a\u5143\u958b\u660e\u7684\u6587\u660e\u793e\u6703\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u6298\u6263\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\uff1a\u525d\u9664\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6789\u9867\u73fe\u5be6\u8207\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b0a\u529b\uff0f\u6b0a\u76ca\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u5236\u5f0f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u516c\u5f0f\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u9054\u6210\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u3001\u9f4a\u982d\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u9817<\/strong>\u3002\u6d2a\u51cc\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u81c9\u66f8\u767c\u8a00\u4e2d\u5247\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u5728\u9019\u500b\u62ab\u6eff\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u5149\u8292\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u80cc\u5f8c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u89e3\u56b4\u524d\u5230\u89e3\u56b4\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u651c\u624b\u4e26\u9032\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e26\u99d5\u9f4a\u9a45\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5e6b\u896f\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u77db\u76fe\u5f35\u529b\uff09\u70ba\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u6c11\u6c23\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u9858\u666f\u548c\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5a01\u6b0a\u9ad8\u58d3\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u8d8a\u754c\u51fa\u8ecc\u6253\u958b\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u7136\u800c\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u8c6a\u6587\u660e\u79e9\u5e8f\u61c9\u8a72\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4f4d\u7684\u5c0f\u5fc3\u773c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u4e86\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u64da\u8aaa\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u653f\u6b0a\u8f49\u79fb\u4e2d\u9054\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u6975\u5927\u7684\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\uff09\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u63d0\u5021\u6216\u5f37\u8abf\u81ea\u7531\u2500\u2500\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5316\u8abf\u6559\u4e2d\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u76e3\u7763\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u7dad\u8b77\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u56e0\u800c\u8da8\u5411\u4ee5\u5b88\u6210\u7dad\u7a69\u70ba\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6<\/strong>[32]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u8a00\u8ad6\u6380\u52d5[33]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u6050\u614c\u4e2d\u5c0d\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6295\u5c04\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5c0d\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u5247\u6975\u5ea6\u6028\u5fff\u75db\u6068\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6c92\u4eba\u53d7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u885d\u64ca\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7dad\u7a69\u50be\u5411\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u770b\u91cd\u300c\u5b89\u5b9a\u5e73\u7a69\u300d<\/strong>\uff08\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e8b\uff0c\u6c92\u7570\u5e38\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6642\u523b\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u5805\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6027\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u547c\u7c72\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u3001\u66f2\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5931\u5e8f\u4e82\u4f86\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u958b\u62d3\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u6500\u5347\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6500\u5347\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u7d0d\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6efe\u52d5\u8d77\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u8aaa\u3002\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5e7e\u689d\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u7968\u6e90\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u300c\u65cf\u7fa4\u300d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5f8c\u4f86\u7e3d\u7a31\u7684\u56db\u5927\u65cf\u7fa4\uff09\u3001\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u898b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u6027\u50be\u5411\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff09\u3001\u300c\u5730\u57df\u300d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5357\u5317\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u6771\u897f\u5e73\u8861\uff09\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u6b0a\u529b\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u5c45\u65bc\u52a3\u52e2\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5247\u85c9\u8457\u8857\u982d\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u9078\u8209\u52d5\u54e1\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u8a34\u6c42\u5468\u570d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8d77\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u50f9\u503c\u7576\u7136\u70ba\u653f\u5ba2\u6240\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u96d6\u5e36\u4f86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8b39\u614e\u81ea\u6301\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u8eab\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5e36\u4f86\u8eab\u9ad4\u60c5\u611f\u9010\u6f38\u653e\u9b06\u7684\u300c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u300d\uff08informalization\uff09[34]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u963f\u6241\u5230\u5c0f\u99ac\u54e5\u5230\u5c0f\u82f1\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u66b1\u7a31\u6cbb\u4e16\u4ee5\u6697\u793a\u81ea\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u8eab\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6b0a\u52e2\u3002\u66b1\u7a31\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u822c\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8d85\u8d8a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u800c\u76ca\u8da8\u8907\u96dc\u66d6\u6627\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u501a\u8cf4\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u63a5\u5408\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u52e2\u4e3b\u5c0e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0f\u4ed7\u7fa9\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5efa\u69cb\u96a8\u8457\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u52a0\u78bc\u800c\u8d8a\u767c\u50f5\u56fa\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u52d5\u4e5f\u6bd4\u904e\u53bb\u66f4\u70ba\u5287\u70c8\u3002\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u8a34\u6c42\u628a\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u5957\u9032\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u6163\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u52a0\u5bb3\uff0d\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u60c5\u611f\u6846\u67b6\u88e1\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u88e1\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u300c\u53d7\u60e0\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u6427\u60c5\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u63a7\u8a34\u5916\u7701\u65cf\u7fa4\u5982\u4f55\u58d3\u8feb\u798f\u4f6c\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7537\u6b0a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u88ab\u51b7\u8840\u63a0\u596a\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u9593\u8ef8\u7dda\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u516c\u6559\u9000\u4f11\u65cf\u7fa4\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u4e7e\u4e86\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u7b49\u7b49[35]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u5c0d\u7acb\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u622a\u7136\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u88ab\u5168\u9762\u63a9\u84cb\u7565\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u5247\u5728\u9019\u500b\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u5c55\u6f14\u4e2d\u88ab\u9ad8\u8209\u6210\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u611f\u6548\u61c9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5992\u6068\u3001\u4ec7\u8996\u3001\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u3001\u51a4\u5c48\u3001\u60b2\u61a4\u3001\u4e0d\u6eff\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u5275\u9020\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u689d\u4ef6\u62c9\u8fd1\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u8b93\u5f7c\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u8a31\u5c07\u5fc3\u6bd4\u5fc3\u9054\u6210\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u7f6a\u8cac\u7684\u5169\u6975\u6b78\u5c6c\u800c\u5c07\u7fa4\u773e\u6575\u5c0d\u5316\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6436\u596a\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u798f\u5229\u800c\u60e1\u9b25\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a34\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u8b74\u8cac\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u88ab\u8aaa\u6210\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u60e0\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u8981\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e95\u5c64\u3001\u5916\u52de\u3001\u9678\u914d\u7b49\uff09\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u7136\u8996\u82e5\u7121\u7779\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u63f4\u5f15\u7576\u4f5c\u6253\u64ca\u6575\u624b\u6642\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u88ab\u5992\u6068\u60c5\u611f\u50ac\u52d5\u3001\u7e3d\u662f\u5411\u4e0a\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u66b4\u9732\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u5e95\u4e0b\u63a9\u85cf\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5118\u7ba1\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u591a\u5143\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u5c0d\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u5805\u6301\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7121\u53ef\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f37\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e0a\u537b\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u62b9\u715e\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u7279\u5225\u5728\u548c\u4e0d\u4e56\u4e0d\u99b4\u3001\u8d8a\u8ecc\u9055\u898f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u50be\u5411\u4e0d\u5206\u8f15\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u4f86\u9632\u7bc4\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u652a\u64fe\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u52a0\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u7684\u4e0a\u7db1\u4e0a\u7dda\u624d\u80fd\u70ba\u524d\u9014\u672a\u535c\u3001\u52d5\u76ea\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e9b\u8a31\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002<\/strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8b66\u529b\u548c\u6c11\u9593\u76e3\u8996\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u88e1\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\uff08zero tolerance\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u300c\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff08broken windows theory\uff09\u6e90\u81ea1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u6e05\u6f54\u793e\u5340\u8a08\u756b\u300d\uff08”Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Program”\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u7522\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5de1\u908f\u7b56\u7565\u4e3b\u5f35\u5404\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0d\u99b4\uff08\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u300c\u540c\u6a23\u300d\u6703\u5c0d\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u9020\u6210\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u3001\u672a\u53d7\u7ba1\u675f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u300c\u90fd\u300d\u6703\u5c0d\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u611f\u9020\u6210\u64fe\u4e82\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u7834\u7a97\u6236\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u4eba\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7834\u58de\u884c\u52d5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u6700\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u4e0d\u99b4\u8209\u6b62\u4e5f\u57f7\u884c\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u675c\u4e26\u9632\u7bc4\u7d55\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\uff08Wilson\u548cKelling 2-3\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u5340\u5b89\u7a69\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u4e0d\u99b4\u5931\u5e8f\u8207\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7834\u58de\u5176\u5be6\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u4e26\u7121\u592a\u591a\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u53b2\u8655\u7f6e\u624d\u80fd\u5687\u963b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72af\u884c\uff08Wilson & Kelling 2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e3b\u8981\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u6aa2\u8b66\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9053\u5fb7\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u7528\u85e5\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u52a0\u4ee5\u56b4\u53b2\u53d6\u7de0\uff08Brown 27\uff09\u30021999\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u9577\u99ac\u82f1\u4e5d\u8a2a\u554f\u7d10\u7d04\uff0c\u5c0d\u7d10\u7d04\u4ee5\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u672c\u3001\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u70ba\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u6574\u9813\u6cbb\u5b89\u6210\u6548\u53ef\u89c0\u8b9a\u5606\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4eff\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u521d\u6b65\u63a8\u52d5\u5c0d\u9152\u5f8c\u99d5\u8eca\u7684\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0e\u6b63\u300c\u52f8\u9152\u98a8\u6c23\u8207\u4e7e\u676f\u6587\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u559a\u8d77\u5168\u6c11\u9ad4\u8a8d\u9152\u5f8c\u99d5\u8eca\u8087\u4e8b\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027[36]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u72af\u884c\u548c\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9152\u99d5\u3001\u5bb6\u66b4\u3001\u9ad4\u7f70\u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u5bb3\uff0d\u53d7\u5bb3\u89d2\u8272\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u63cf\u5beb\u53c8\u90fd\u4ee5\u5f37\u70c8\u60c5\u611f\u4f86\u6232\u5287\u5316\u60c5\u7bc0\u8207\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u7fa9\u61a4\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u50be\u5411\u652f\u6301\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u63a1\u53d6\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u614b\u5ea6[37]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022001\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u300c\u64f4\u5927\u53d6\u7de0\u4e26\u52a0\u91cd\u5211\u8cac\u300d\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u64f4\u53ca\u69cd\u679d\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u64f4\u53ca\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3001\u80a2\u9ad4\u9a37\u64fe\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u7834\u58de\u516c\u7269\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u7b49\u7b49\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9055\u898f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u884c\u70ba[38]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

2008\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u8d8a\u5169\u5cb8\u751a\u81f3\u570b\u969b\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u570b\u65cf\u7af6\u9010\u7684\u617e\u671b\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\u5230\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u3001\u9632\u8150\u5291\u3001\u9ecf\u8457\u5291\u3001\u5851\u5f62\u5291\u3001\u7626\u8089\u7cbe\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5b0c\u8cb4\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u6709\u6a5f\u5929\u7136\u7684\u52a3\u8cea\u6210\u4efd\u9032\u5165<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u6aa2\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u773e\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u4e0d\u4f46\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u6df1\u690d\u4e86\u5c0d\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u300d\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u96dc\u8cea\u3001\u5931\u8aa4\u3001\u72af\u884c\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u9054\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5805\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5bb9[39]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u900f\u904e\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u9245\u7d30\u9761\u907a\u7684\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u9055\u898f\u3001\u5371\u96aa\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u9054\u7d55\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u76e3\u63a7\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u666e\u904d\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7463\u788e\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u5f71\u50cf\u7f6e\u653e\u5728\u300c\u65b0\u805e\u300d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c<\/strong>\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u5247\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u56de\u61c9\u6309\u8d0a\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76e3\u7763\u3001\u6aa2\u8209\u3001\u7206\u6599\u3001\u8b74\u8cac\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u9f13\u52f5\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u5716[40]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u6ecb\u990a\u548c\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7591\u9b3c\u5fc3\u614b\u9664\u4e86\u5f62\u6210\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\u7684\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u614b\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u990a\u6210\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4ed6\u8005\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u654f\u611f\u548c\u8b66\u89ba\u3002\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u57f7\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6392\u5b83\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u7acb\u5834\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff1b\u5de1\u908f\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u300c\u5916\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u793e\u5340\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\uff08Wilson & Kelling 9\uff09\u3002\u5c45\u6c11\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u767c\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u672a\u767c\u751f\uff09\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u611f\u5230\u300c\u9810\u671f\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u300d\uff1b\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u7dad\u7a69\u617e\u671b\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u5148\u884c\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6392\u5916\uff0f\u6392\u5b83\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u614b\u5ea6\u4f86\u9ad4\u73fe<\/strong>[41]<\/strong><\/a>\u30022006\u5e74\u53f0\u4e2d\u5e02\u9577\u80e1\u5fd7\u5f37\u7af6\u9078\u9023\u4efb\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u53f0\u4e2d\u5e02\u7684\u6cbb\u5b89\u6557\u58de\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u300c\u5916\u4f86\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u53e3\u591a\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u653f\u898b\u4e2d\u5ba3\u4f48\u8a08\u756b\u5728\u7e23\u5e02\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\u5ee3\u8a2d\u76e3\u8996\u5668\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u96fb\u5b50\u570d\u7246\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u7dad\u7a69\u5fc3\u614b\u4e2d\u7522\u9078\u6c11\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u904b\u7528\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cef\u6ec5\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7e3d\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u6beb\u7121\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u885b\u7684\u5f31\u8005\uff08Wilson & Kelling 4\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u89d2\u7e3d\u662f\u7121\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5152\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7121\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u6975\u7aef\u7121\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u80fd\u8aaa\u670d\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u5c0f\u9055\u898f\u548c\u5927\u72af\u7f6a\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6545\u4e8b\u89d2\u8272\u7d50\u69cb\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u64f4\u6b0a\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u7a4d\u6975\u8655\u7406\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7acb\u6cd5\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5229\u7528\u5f31\u8005\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6301\u7e8c\u8abf\u6559\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u6027\u5225\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u95dc\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f5f\u52d5\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u8f3f\u8ad6\uff0c\u65bd\u58d3\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\u8fa6\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u672a\u96e8\u7da2\u7e46\u7684\u9a5a\u5f13\u5fc3\u614b\u57f7\u884c\u76e3\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u5f62\u6210\u9a5a\u5f13\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u904e\u7576\u9632\u7bc4\uff0c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7d50\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u52a0\u91cd\u548c\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u5805\u5b88\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u8569\u7136\u7121\u5b58\u3002\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u9152\u5f8c\u99d5\u8eca\u554f\u984c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9152\u99d5\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u60b2\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u53ef\u6068\u9152\u99d5\u8005\u4e4b\u8087\u4e8b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c62\u5c62\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\u4e0b\u9707\u76ea\u6c11\u610f[42]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u5011\u5247\u8d81\u6a5f\u717d\u706b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5c55\u73fe\u675c\u7d55\u9152\u5f8c\u99d5\u8eca\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c07\u9152\u99d5\u7f70\u5247\u6301\u7e8c\u56b4\u53b2\u5316\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u9152\u99d5\u7684\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e32\u9023\u591a\u91cd\u8655\u7f70\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9152\u99d5\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u627f\u64d4\u3008\u9053\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u7ba1\u7406\u8655\u7f70\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7f70\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50b7\u4eba\u6216\u81f4\u6b7b\u5247\u8981\u627f\u64d4\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009\u7684\u5211\u8cac\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9152\u99d5\u5224\u5211\u8005\u5177\u6709\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u517c\u5177\u52de\u5de5\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u4f9d\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u61f2\u6212\u6cd5\u3001\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u8003\u7e3e\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u3001\u5404\u985e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u734e\u61f2\u6a19\u6e96\u8868\u6216\u5404\u6a5f\u95dc\u8077\u54e1\u734e\u61f2\u898f\u5b9a\u6240\u8a02\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u514d\u8077\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u9000\u4f11\u91d1\u6216\u8cc7\u9063\u8cbb\u7684\u5f8c\u679c[43]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u539f\u5247\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u9152\u99d5\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u75db\u6068\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\uff08\u8c61\u5fb5\u653f\u5e9c\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\uff09\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9152\u99d5\u9084\u662f\u8981\u4e88\u4ee5\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f50\u8b49\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u5efa\u8b70\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u7814\u8b70\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u8eca\u4e58\u5ba2\u3001\u8eca\u4e3b\u7684\u9023\u5750\u53d7\u7f70\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9910\u98f2\u696d\u8005\u672a\u52f8\u963b\u9867\u5ba2\u9152\u99d5\u4e5f\u6703\u906d\u5230\u682a\u9023\u6328\u7f70\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6240\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u300c\u5ac9\u60e1\u5982\u4ec7\u300d\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u4f86\u81ea2014\u5e74\u8ce3\u5ea7\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7247\u3008\u5206\u6b67\u8005\u3009\uff08Divergent<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u96fb\u5f71\u88e1\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u4e16\u754c\u5341\u5206\u548c\u5e73\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u6b78\u5c6c\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u7bc4\u7587\u660e\u78ba\u3001\u6b78\u5c6c\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u7cca\u6e38\u79fb\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u653e\u9010\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ffd\u6bba\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53f0\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u61c9\u8a72\u53cd\u6620\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5916\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u7247\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4e0d\u99b4\u8005\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u4ec7\u8996\u4e00\u8209\u6233\u7834\u4e86\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6eab\u548c\u5e73\u975c\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u300c\u5ac9\u60e1\u5982\u4ec7\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u7136\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u72f9\u9698\u548c\u56b4\u53b2\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u8457\u6975\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u4f46\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6211\u5011\u5c0f\u5fc3\u770b\u5f85\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u8207\u4e3b\u6d41\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u7cfe\u7d50\u4f46\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u7576\u4e0b\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d7\u60e0\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u5a01\u6b0a\u8f49\u578b\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f49\u578b\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5bcc\u88d5\u5f8c\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u56de\u982d\u978f\u56fa\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u548c\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u9ad4\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6280\u8853\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u96a8\u8457\u6587\u660e\u5316\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u52d5\u7dad\u7a69\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u8457\u4e3b\u6d41\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u901a\u5831\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u7763\u5c0e\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u7a76\u8cac\u7cfb\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u518d\u751f\u7522\u66f4\u70ba\u9806\u66a2\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5be6\u8e10\u4f86\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8207\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u5171\u6cbb\uff0c\u6070\u5de7\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u5e36\u4f86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f48\u6027\u5316\u800c\u524d\u9014\u672a\u535c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u88e1\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u524d\u666f\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e0d\u660e\u6240\u6fc0\u8d77\u7684\u7126\u616e\u548c\u7dad\u7a69\u9700\u6c42\u56fa\u7136\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u64c1\u62b1\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u5de6\u5be6\u53f3\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u8655\u5883\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u9ede\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u4fdd\u8b49[47]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5316\u548c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u652f\u6490\u7684\u7d50\u69cb[48]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5167\u5728\u65bc\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u50be\u5411\u66f4\u96a8\u6642\u6703\u6233\u7834\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u77ef\u60c5\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u9020\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u505c\u6eef\uff0c\u653f\u722d\u8017\u640d\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u80fd\u5920\u7dad\u6301\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5929<\/strong>\u3002[49]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u4fc2\u79d1\u6280\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\u65b0\u611f\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4ee5\u5168\u7403\u70ba\u7bc4\u570d\u5f62\u6210\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5957\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u6b63\u7fa9\u79e9\u5e8f\u6587\u660e\u79ae\u8c8c\u7b49\u7b49\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u5247\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5730\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u805a\u96c6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u7403\u7684\u806f\u60f3\uff0f\u9023\u97ff\u30022008\u5e74\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u300c\u4f54\u9818\u300d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c2010\u5e74\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u4e2d\u6771\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\u8857\u982d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c2014\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4f54\u4e2d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c2015\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u90fd\u7d93\u6b77\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5531\u548c\u8207\u6500\u5347\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u52d5\u529b\u5247\u662f\u500b\u5225\u6027\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u60c5\u611f\u6697\u6d41\u8207\u8907\u96dc\u617e\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u4f8b\u59822011\u5e74\u66fe\u8a2d\u7f6e\u81c9\u66f8\u5c08\u9801\u4fc3\u6210\u57c3\u53ca\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u7684Google\u4e2d\u6771\u53ca\u5317\u975e\u5730\u5340\u884c\u92b7\u7d93\u7406\u6208\u5be7\uff08Wael Ghonim\uff09\u65bc2015\u5e74\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u61ca\u6094\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u300c\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u662f\u653e\u5927\u8a00\u8ad6\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u91cd\u8986\u9ad8\u558a\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4e26\u6563\u64ad\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8ad6\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u898bGhonim\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u53f0\u7063\u5ee3\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u6709\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u653e\u5927\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u5167\u652a\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u5ed6\u5143\u8c6a<\/a>\u3001\u8d99\u525b<\/a>\u3001\u9673\u5b9c\u4e2d<\/a>\u5408\u5beb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> 2010\u5e74\u5152\u7ae5\u6027\u4fb5\u8f15\u5224\u6848\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u300c\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u4e5f\u6709\u51dd\u805a\uff0f\u5f37\u5316\uff0f\u7c21\u5316\u7fa4\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u547c\u53ec\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u9032\u5834\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d2a\u4ef2\u4e18\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f03\u5207\u5408\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u5f9e\u4f54\u9818\u73fe\u5834\u88e1\u611b\u4fb6\u84cb\u68c9\u88ab\u63a5\u543b\uff0c\u5230\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\u6392\u64e0\u51fa\u8b70\u5834\u4f54\u9818\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5230\u5b78\u904b\u9818\u8896\u9673\u70ba\u5ef7\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u919c\u805e\uff0c\u5230\u5b78\u904b\u7f8e\u5973\u5289\u55ac\u5b89\u7684\u8ce3\u6deb\u65b0\u805e\u3002\u8a73\u898b\u6d2a\u51cc\uff0c\u3008\u591a\u5143\u4f5c\u70ba\u906e\u853d\u3009\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u5b78\u904b\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u4e00\u9673\u70ba\u5ef7\u7206\u767c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u919c\u805e\u6642\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u65b0\u77e5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u660e\u5c31\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u70ba\u96e3\u7684\u8fc2\u8ff4\u5207\u5272\u3002\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/www.civilmedia.tw\/archives\/25530<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u8b80\u8005\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u6b77\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u5c08\u66f8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Women\u2019s Movements in Twentieth Century Taiwan<\/em>\uff082009\uff09\u4ee5\u53caBecoming Taiwan: From Colonialism to Democracy<\/em>\uff082010\uff09\u90fd\u5f88\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u628a\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u4f5c\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u9032\u6b65\u958b\u660e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u570b\u65cf\u5ba3\u50b3\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ca\u767c\u5c55\u73fe\u5176\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u76db\u8b9a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u9677\u5165\u767c\u5c55\u56f0\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u5d1b\u8d77\u8e8d\u5347\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u570b\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u5316\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u51f8\u986f\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u96b1\u7d04\u7f6e\u63db\uff08displace\uff09\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u9010\u6f38\u660e\u986f\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u5167\u624d\u53d7\u5230\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u5c37\u5c2c\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u7d93\u6fdf\u69ae\u666f\u6d88\u9000\u8207\u653f\u722d\u60e1\u9b25\u6301\u7e8c\u82e5\u662f\u8150\u8755\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u7126\u616e\u548c\u7121\u63aa\u52e2\u5fc5\u4f7f\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u60c5\u611f\u66f4\u70ba\u82e6\u6f80\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u6d2a\u51cc\u4ee5\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u540c\u5fd7\u5a5a\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u88e1\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e14\u4e0d\u5bb9\u61f7\u7591\u4e4b\u7269\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u8ab0\uff0f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\uff1f\u3009\uff0c\u9801208\u3002\u539f\u6587\u70ba\u300c\u5f88\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u5f88\u6eab\u60c5\uff0c\u5f88\u59d4\u5a49\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5546\u69b7\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5012\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u6a19\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5c0d\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u5341\u5206\u50b3\u795e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u3009\uff0c\u9801267-269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u6211\u66fe\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u8abf\u6559\u904e\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c21\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u3009\uff0c\u9801263-265\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u3009\uff0c\u9801273\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8fb1\u7f75\u5b98\u53f8\u500d\u589e\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u523010\u4ef6\u9032\u5165\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u5e74\u6210\u9577\uff0c2010\u5e74\u50c5\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230124\u4ef6\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u3009\uff0c267n\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u5728\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u5b97\u3001\u6587\u660e\u79ae\u8c8c\u6210\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8da8\u52e2\u88e1\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u4ee3\u8868\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u90fd\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u4e86\u670d\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u89ba\u5c0a\u8cb4\uff0f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u7684\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u96a8\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u89ba\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5c31\u5411\u6a5f\u95dc\u6216\u5a92\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u6295\u8a34\uff0c\u800c\u6a5f\u95dc\u5546\u865f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u79ae\u8c8c\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5c07\u6295\u8a34\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5c0d\u54e1\u5de5\u52a0\u5f37\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u7d93\u71df\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9ad8\u65ed\u5bec\u5c0d\u300c\u53cb\u5584\u300d\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1a\u300c\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u807d\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u88ab\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u773c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u5bb6\u4eba\u6bc6\u6253\u8d95\u51fa\u5bb6\u9580\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u88ab\u8fb1\u7f75\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u906d\u9047\u80a2\u9ad4\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u6293\u3001\u88ab\u540c\u4e8b\u676f\u845b\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u6703\u652f\u6301\u8b93\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u4ecb\u5165\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u807d\u5230\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d7\u50b7\u7d93\u9a57\u6307\u7684\u662f\u807d\u5230\u523a\u8033\u7684\u7a31\u547c\u548c\u5b57\u773c\u3001\u807d\u5230\u8b93\u4eba\u4e0d\u723d\u7684\u8a62\u554f\u548c\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4e8b\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f88\u71b1\u7d61\u3001\u537b\u552f\u7368\u8ddf\u6211\u5f88\u758f\u96e2\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u76f8\u8655\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6703\u7528\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u9019\u7a2e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u9ad8\u65ed\u5bec\uff0c\u3008\u6027\u5225\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6975\u6a02\u8b0a\u8a00\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Halberstam, \u201cYou Are Triggering me! The Neo-Liberal Rhetoric of Harm, Danger and\u00a0Trauma<\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u9ad8\u65ed\u5bec\uff0c\u3008\u585e\u4e0d\u9032\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u751f\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u85cd\u7da0\u60e1\u9b25\u8207\u96fb\u8996\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\u516b\u5366\u812b\u53e3\u79c0\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u65e9\u5df2\u505a\u51fa\u6975\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u4e0d\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a76\u8cac\u554f\u7f6a\u300d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u81ea\u8cf4\u9e97\u82b3\u7684\u81c9\u66f82016\/8\/7\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7a76\u8cac\u554f\u7f6a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7206\u767c\u7684\u8f14\u5927\u6027\u4fb5\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5168\u7136\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u4e82\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f86\u81ea\u8d99\u525b\u7684\u3008\u611f\u89f8\u96a8\u7b464\u3009\uff0c\u7cbe\u6e96\u800c\u76f4\u767d\u7684\u5c55\u6f14\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u6b63\u7fa9\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u9738\u9053\u908f\u8f2f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Scott\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f2014\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5927\u5b78\u7684Steven Salaita\u6559\u6388\u56e0\u70ba\u5728Twitter\u4e0a\u767c\u4f48\u6279\u5224\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u800c\u88ab\u6821\u65b9\u4e0d\u7e8c\u8058\u3002\u6821\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u8209\u6b62\u6c23\u8cea\u662f\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5fc5\u5099\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u767c\u8a00\u986f\u793a\u4ed6\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u5167\u4e5f\u6703\u300c\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8212\u9069\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u8207\u4fdd\u5b89\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9ad8\u6559\u6821\u5712\u88e1\u76ee\u524d\u751a\u56c2\u5875\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8a2d\u7acb\u6587\u660e\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u986f\u7136\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u55ae\u7d14\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u6211\u5f9e2005\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5728\u300c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5341\u5927\u6027\u6b0a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u300d\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u300c\u5e7c\u5152\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/gsrat.net\/events\/events_post.php?pdata_id=135<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Rubin\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u4e2d\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u60e1\u679c\uff1a\u300c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5230\u982d\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u525d\u596a\u5c6c\u65bc\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u300d\uff0837\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u8cf4\u9e97\u82b3\u81c9\u66f8\uff0c\u3008\u53cb\u5584\u6975\u5176\u6b98\u9177\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u9ad8\u65ed\u5bec\u5728\u548c\u6211\u804a\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u9084\u4e0d\u592a\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u5167\u9084\u883b\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u507d\u9020\u8eab\u4efd\u8b49\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u9b3c\u9b3c\u795f\u795f\u5728\u5df7\u5f04\u88e1\u5077\u63db\u5973\u88dd\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8271\u96e3\u3002\u6027\u5225\u53cb\u5584\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u689d\u4ef6\u4f73\u3001\u5f62\u8c61\u597d\u3001\u5916\u8868\u904e\u95dc\u3001\u4e0d\u6703\u7834\u58de\u793e\u6703\u65e2\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684TG\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u7d0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u5167\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u89ba\u5f97\u9b3c\u9b3c\u795f\u795f\u7684TG\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u6574\u9ad4TG\u7684\u540d\u8072\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6027\u5225\u53cb\u5584\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u662f\u300c\u8a66\u5716\uff08\u55ae\u5411\uff09\u6559\u5c0e\u4e00\u7a2e\u5236\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8b93\u96d9\u65b9\u9762\u5c0d\u885d\u7a81\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u53cb\u5584\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u53ea\u6703\u63a5\u7d0d\u5f62\u8c61\u597d\u7684TG\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u5c0f\u5978\u5c0f\u60e1\u7684TG\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u5225\u82e6\u96e3\u6703\u88ab\u6b78\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5920\u597d\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u592a\u767d\u76ee\u624d\u60f9\u4eba\u53ad\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u627e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> 16\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\u8650\u8c93\u6253\u72d7\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u773e\u7684\u6109\u6085\u4f86\u6e90\uff08Elias I: 311-312\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5e7e\u4ef6\u6bba\u8c93\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5247\u5f15\u767c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u65bd\u8650\u8005\u88ab\u4eba\u8089\u641c\u7d22\u7136\u5f8c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> \u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6c11\u773e\u89c0\u611f\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u751a\u81f3\u754f\u61fc\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6697\u6f6e\u6d36\u6e67\u96a8\u6642\u627e\u5c0b\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5e78\u6210\u70ba\u773e\u77e2\u4e4b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> \u3008\u6f14\u8b1b\u6d89\u540c\u5fd7\u6b67\u8996 \u4e2d\u6b63\u751f\u767c\u8d77\u62d2\u807d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u3008\u6559\u6388\u8acb\u53cd\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u9ad4\u6f14\u8b1b \u653f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u3008\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u5a5a \u8981\u5b78\u751f\u7c3d\u9023\u7f72\u3009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u6b64\u8655\u7684\u300c\u88ab\u300d\u4f86\u81ea2013\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u5927\u9678\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u59d4\u5a49\u8a9e\u3002\u7279\u6307\u7570\u8b70\u4eba\u58eb\u7121\u81ea\u4e3b\u610f\u9858\u7684\u88ab\u7d04\u8ac7\u3001\u88ab\u65c5\u904a\u3001\u88ab\u559d\u8336\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7fa4\u773e\u5247\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u64f4\u6563\u6307\u6d89\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u7136\u81ea\u9858\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u8feb\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u66f4\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u3009\uff0c\u9801277-268\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u66fe\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4e0d\u7528\u5f37\u529b\u7ba1\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u5df2\u7d93\u5167\u5316\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u9084\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u5236\u548c\u5ba3\u5c0e\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u592a\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u9084\u6c92\u7d93\u904e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u9650\u7e2e\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u773e\u591a\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u6377\u904b\u96a8\u6a5f\u6bba\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5973\u7ae5\u8857\u982d\u65ac\u9996\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u53f0\u9435\u706b\u8eca\u6027\u611b\u8db4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u66dd\u5149\u8073\u52d5\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6380\u52d5\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u6182\u5fc3\u8207\u61a4\u6168\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Wouters\uff0c\u9801710\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u8303\u7587<\/a>\uff0c\u3008\u5f31\u8005\u75c7\u72c0\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u50b7\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5831\u9cf4\u4eba\u5802\uff0c2016\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\u3002https:\/\/opinion.udn.com\/opinion\/story\/6067\/2043929<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u95dc\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u7e8c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea2012\u81f32013\u5e74\u9593\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u52a9\u7406\u9673\u601d\u7440\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u3001\u300c\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u611f\u300d\u7b49\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5979\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u614b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u898b\u65bc\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ee5\u4e8c\u624b\u83f8\u3001\u4e09\u624b\u83f8\u3001\u59bb\u5152\u7121\u8f9c\u53d7\u5bb3\u7b49\u5834\u666f\u63a8\u52d5\u901a\u904e\u7684\u3008\u83f8\u5bb3\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff082007\uff09\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> 2005\u5e74\u5927\u9678\u4e5f\u5f15\u9032\u300c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b66\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u65bd\u884c\u7bc4\u570d\u5247\u5f9e\u676d\u5dde\u7684\u300c\u5f37\u884c\u4e5e\u8a0e\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u9055\u7ae0\u99d5\u99db\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u5ee3\u5dde\u7684\u300c\u6d3e\u5361\u62db\u5ad6\u3001\u7ad9\u8857\u5973\u3001\u5236\u8ca9\u5047\u8b49\u4ef6\u3001\u7121\u8b49\u7167\u7d93\u71df\u9aee\u5eca\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u65c5\u5e97\u548c\u6469\u6258\u8eca\u975e\u6cd5\u71df\u904b\u3001\u4e8c\u624b\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u6a5f\u52d5\u8eca\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u5ee2\u820a\u7269\u54c1\u6536\u8cfc\u7ad9\u7b49\u6d89\u5acc\u9055\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5834\u6240\u548c\u4eba\u54e1\u300d\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u4ee5\u9435\u8155\u8655\u7406\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u9055\u898f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6cef\u6ec5\u9055\u898f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> 2008\u5e74\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u767c\u751f\u4e09\u805a\u6c30\u80fa\u6bd2\u5976\u7c89\u6848\uff0c\u5ef6\u71d2\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u77e5\u540d\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u7684\u6bd2\u5976\u7cbe\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u767c\u5c0d\u6709\u6bd2\u6210\u4efd\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u99ac\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u964d\u6eab\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u8aaa\u542b\u91cf2.5ppm\u5df2\u7d93\u5c11\u5230\u300c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\u300d\uff0c\u5f15\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u6279\u5224\uff1a\u300c\u96f6\u5c31\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc2.5ppm\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6578\u5b57\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u6c11\u773e\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u5c0d\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u300d\u7684\u5805\u6301\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u53c3\u898bhttp:\/\/talk.ltn.com.tw\/article\/paper\/246486<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u570b\u9053\u516c\u8def\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c402012\u5e74\u524d\u63a8\u51fa\u300c\u7dda\u4e0a\u6aa2\u8209\u570b\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\u9055\u898f\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e0d\u523050\u4ef6\u7684\u9055\u898f\u8209\u5831\u73fe\u5df2\u589e\u9577\u70ba5500\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u54e1\u8b66\u5927\u611f\u5403\u4e0d\u6d88\uff08\u3008\u624b\u6a5f+\u884c\u8eca\u8a18\u9304\u5668 \u5168\u6c11\u8b8a\u8b66\u5bdf\u6293\u9055\u898f\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b2015\u5e745\u67087\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4ed6\u8005\u90fd\u6575\u8996\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u6163\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u7e3d\u662f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9069\u7528\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u8a08\u756b\u9060\u8d74\u975e\u6d32\u5949\u737b\u884c\u91ab\u7684\u53f0\u5927\u6b63\u7fa9\u7f8e\u5973\u91ab\u5e2b\u88ab\u649e\u8166\u6b7b\uff082013\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u80053\u6b72\u7537\u7ae5\u5728\u6bcd\u89aa\u7bc0\u88ab\u9152\u99d5\u8005\u649e\u98db\uff0c\u982d\u90e8\u91cd\u5275\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff082015\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u7279\u5225\u7121\u8f9c\u60cb\u60dc\u7684\u5a66\u5e7c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u5176\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u559a\u8d77\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u5feb\u901f\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bcc\u4e8c\u4ee3\u3001\u8ecd\u516c\u6559\u8b66\u4eba\u54e1\u8087\u4e8b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u88ab\u5a92\u9ad4\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u77e5\u6cd5\u72af\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5fc3\u53ef\u8a85\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u7f70\u5247\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u5316\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6210\u898b\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u54e1\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u91cd\u7f70\u5247\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u3008\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u9152\u99d5\u8087\u4e8b \u6700\u91cd\u514d\u8077\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2013\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\u3002http:\/\/www.chinatimes.com\/newspapers\/20130621000888-260106<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u300a\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300b\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u52aa\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5927\u5e45\u7ffb\u4fee\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u4e5f\u6539\u70ba\u300a\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u525d\u524a\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300b\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u5152\u5c11\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\u548c\u5075\u67e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u689d\u6587\u5c07\u5728\u884c\u653f\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u9069\u6642\u516c\u4f48\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u662f\u5152\u5c11\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u707d\u96e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u4e3b\u6d41\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e5f\u63a1\u53d6\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8f49\u5411\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u5224\u5b9a\u3001\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7b49\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8af8\u591a\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> \u201cPeace is not merely an ideal; it is an obligation.\u00a0 And it is up to all, up to us, to take a stand against its one true enemy: Divergent.\u201d \u5f15\u81ea2014\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u96fb\u5f71\u300c\u5206\u6b67\u8005\u300d\uff08Divergents<\/em>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5f9e\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u90fd\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u5011\u537b\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8106\u5f31\u6613\u50b7\uff0c\u7121\u529b\u81ea\u6c7a\u81ea\u52a9\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u6240\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8207\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u88ab\u6295\u5c04\u6210\u70ba\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5177\u5099\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6613\u50b7\uff0c\u7576\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u53d7\u5bb3\u500b\u9ad4\u8eab\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u5c31\u88ab\u7565\u904e\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u5fc3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u4e2d\u6771\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7269\u8cea\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u6c88\u91cd\u8ca0\u64d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u660e\u72c0\u614b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6574\u5408\u537b\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u756b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5927\u5e45\u8f49\u5f4e\u3002\u9019\u6bcb\u5be7\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u5316\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> 2016\u5e74\u53f0\u5317\u540c\u5fd7\u904a\u884c\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fd1\u5e74\u7570\u8ecd\u7a81\u8d77\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4efd\u5b50\u5728\u65b0\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8abf\u6295\u66f8\uff0c\u56b4\u5cfb\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u606a\u5b88\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u591a\u5143\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u7406\u5ff5\u8207\u6587\u660e\u8209\u6b62\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u904a\u884c\u4e2d\u4e00\u8cab\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9732\u9aa8\u53e3\u865f\u3001\u6027\u611f\u5c55\u73fe\u3001\u60c5\u617e\u4e82\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u6dcb\u6f13\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u50be\u5411\u3002\u898b\u5433\u99a8\u6069\uff0c\u3008\u8acb\u8b39\u5b88\u901910\u9ede\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5225\u53c3\u52a0\u540c\u5fd7\u5927\u904a\u884c\u3009\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u884c\u52d5\u5f71\u97f3\u8a18\u9304\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c2016\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/www.civilmedia.tw\/archives\/55817<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6d2a\u51cc\u3002\u3008\u591a\u5143\u4f5c\u70ba\u906e\u853d\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u9020\u5c31\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u3009\u3002\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2016\uff0c\u9801109-136<\/span><\/p>\n

—–\u3002\u3008\u8ab0\uff0f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\uff1f\uff1a\u5f9e\u300c\u6587\u6797\u82d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u8ac7\u5c45\u4f4f\u6b0a\u8207\u65b0\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u3009\u3002\u300a\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u3002\u752f\u61c9\u658c\u7de8\u3002\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2013\uff0c\u9801193-210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3008\u6f14\u8b1b\u6d89\u540c\u5fd7\u6b67\u8996 \u4e2d\u6b63\u751f\u767c\u8d77\u62d2\u807d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c1510\u671f\uff0c2011\u5e7411\u670811\u65e5\uff0d11\u670817\u65e5\u3002http:\/\/www.uonline.nccu.edu.tw\/index_content.asp?sn=0&an=12147<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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