{"id":2589,"date":"1998-10-03T15:46:27","date_gmt":"1998-10-03T07:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2589"},"modified":"2021-06-28T19:09:35","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T11:09:35","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%87%e5%ad%a9%e5%ad%90%e8%bc%83%e9%a4%8a%e6%88%90%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%88%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%82%ba%e5%a8%98%e5%a8%98%e8%85%94%e7%94%b7%e5%ad%a9%e8%80%8c%e6%88%b0%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1998\/10\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%87%e5%ad%a9%e5%ad%90%e8%bc%83%e9%a4%8a%e6%88%90%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%88%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%82%ba%e5%a8%98%e5%a8%98%e8%85%94%e7%94%b7%e5%ad%a9%e8%80%8c%e6%88%b0%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5b69\u5b50\u6559\u990a\u6210\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff1a\u70ba\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u800c\u6230\uff08\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6821\u8a02\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\uff08\u9019\u662f\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u5927\u5e2b\u7d1a\u5b78\u8005Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick\u5728Tendencies<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u62ee\u9078\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u59791998\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\u5728\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u8d85\u8584\u578b\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703<\/a>\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u4e3b\u984c\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u91d1\u5b9c\u84c1\u3001\u6d82\u61ff\u7f8e\u5408\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6821\u8a02\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u300b3\u30014\u671f\u5408\u520a\uff0c1998\uff0c\u980111-25\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e4bpdf\u6a94<\/a>\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u95b1\u8b80\u5f15\u7528\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5b69\u7ae5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u81ea\u6bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6bba\u672a\u9042\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u90e8\u57281989\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u767c\u4f48\u4e86\u300c\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u5c08\u6848\u5c0f\u7d44\u5c0d\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u81ea\u6bba\u4e4b\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u544a\u300d\uff0c\u5728110\u9801\u7684\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5c08\u9580\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5973\u3001\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u8655\u5883\u3002\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9762\u5c0d\u6575\u8996\u548c\u6307\u8cac\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u8a00\u8a9e\u4e0a\u53ca\u80a2\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u51cc\u8fb1\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u540c\u5115\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u300d\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u81ea\u6bba\u6216\u8a66\u5716\u81ea\u6bba\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5169\u500d\u5230\u4e09\u500d\u3002\u6b64\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u56e0\u6b64\u59d4\u5a49\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u300c\u5225\u518d\u56e0\u70ba\u2026\u2026\u50cf\u6027\u50be\u5411\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u800c\u6b67\u8996\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e86\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

1989\u5e7410\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u90e8\u90e8\u9577Louis W. Sullivan\u535a\u58eb\u62d2\u7d55\u627f\u8a8d\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u99c1\u65a5\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u672c\u8cea\u7591\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u66f8\u9762\u8072\u660e\u4e2d\uff0cSullivan\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u672c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u300e\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u81ea\u6bba\u300f\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u6216\u672c\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u6211\u5168\u5fc3\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u767c\u63da\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5ead\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b64\u5831\u544a\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5ead\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u300d[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b69\u5b50\u7e3d\u662f\u96a8\u6642\u906d\u53d7\u653b\u64ca\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u529f\u80fd\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5354\u52a9\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u300d(\u201chelping professionals\u201d)\u53c8\u5728\u54ea\u5152\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u8981\u554f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u53ca\u5176\u6bcd\u6587\u672c(mother-texts)\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u904b\u4f5c[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6211\u7279\u5225\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300dego psychology\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1973\u5e74\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u5354\u6703\u300d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f9e\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\u7684\u300a\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518a\u300b(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM-III<\/em>)\u5c07\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u8a3a\u65b7\u4e2d\u522a\u9664\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u7236\u6bcd\u5e2b\u9577\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u6027\u50be\u5411\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u300c\u5f8cDSM-III<\/em>\u300d\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u5c0d\u4f55\u7a2e\u547d\u904b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u984c\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u7ae5\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u3001\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211(ego)\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u4f73\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u5c31\u662fRichard C. Friedman\u7684\u8457\u4f5cMale Homosexuality: A Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspective<\/em>[3]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u65bc1988\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u59ca\u59b9\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u975e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6d3e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5e2bRichard Green\u6240\u5beb\u7684The \u2018Sissy Boy Syndrome\u2019 and the Development of Homosexuality<\/em>\uff0c\u6b64\u66f8\u57281987\u5e74\u4ea6\u7531\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\uff09[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002Friedman\u5728Male Homosexuality<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u71b1\u60c5\u7684\u5411\u59bb\u5b50\u3001\u5b69\u5b50\u81f4\u8b1d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u4e86\u4ed6\u66fe\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u652f\u63011973\u5e74\u7684\u53bb\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e26\u4ee5\u611b\u6155\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u5e7e\u5247\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u975e\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300cLuke\u662f\u4f4d45\u6b72\u7684\u8077\u696d\u8ecd\u5b98\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d(RF, p. 152)\uff1bTim\u5247\u662f\u300c\u5f37\u58ef\u3001\u9b41\u6b66\u3001\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u8271\u9245\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u4e2d\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5171\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u611b\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u8a0e\u4eba\u559c\u6b61\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u662f\u4f4d\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6642\u662f\u6454\u89d2\u968a\u968a\u9577\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6821\u520a\u7de8\u8f2f\u300d(pp. 206-207)\u3002Bob\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u8eab\u5fc3\u5354\u8abf\u3001\u7d71\u5408\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u548c\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6027\u4f34\u4fb6\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5411\u4f86\u4e0d\u5728\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u9152\u5427\u6216\u4e09\u6eab\u6696\u4e2d\u6d41\u9023\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5718\u9ad4\u3002Bob\u6709\u6210\u4eba\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u53cb\u8abc\u300d(pp. 92-93)\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u7167\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0cFriedman\u4e5f\u8209\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5354\u8abf\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7537\u6027\u505a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u7537\u5b50\u662f\u5674\u5c04\u6230\u9b25\u6a5f\u99d5\u99db\uff0c\u300c\u8eab\u6750\u5065\u5eb7\u800c\u524a\u7626\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u6b72\u5c31\u6709\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u51b7\u975c\u300d(p. 86) [5]<\/a><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6709\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u6d6e\u73fe\u4e86\u5427\u2500\u2500\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u958b\u59cb\u559c\u6b61\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u6027\u4e86\uff01\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u6027\u5f97\u7b26\u5408(a)\u5df2\u6210\u5e74(b)\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7b49\u5169\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cFriedman\u9084\u662f\u628a\u6210\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u300c\u6574\u9ad4\u4eba\u683c\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u7d50\u69cb\u5149\u8b5c\u4e2d\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u300d(p. 93)\u8996\u70ba\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u9055\u5e38\u8981\u9038\u51fa\u5b9a\u6a21\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u300d\u6642\uff0cFriedman\u4e5f\u5766\u8a00\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u81e8\u5e8a\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u5920\u6e96\u78ba\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u64da\u5be6\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u5dee\u7570\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4ecd\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u75c5\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e95\u7dda\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u689d\u5340\u9694\u7dda\u9084\u5f97\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u300c\u5177\u53cd\u6297\u6027\u683c\u8005\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u614b\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u5c31\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9577\u671f\u4e26\u6975\u7aef\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u300d(pp. 32-33)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4f8b\u5982\u300d\u300c\u9577\u671f\u4e26\u6975\u7aef\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u300d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u63ee\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u618e\u60e1\u4e4b\u7269\u30021980\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684DSM-III<\/em>\u9996\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u9019\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u9996\u5ea6\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u7de8\u78bc\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u70ba302.60\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u300c\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u932f\u4e82\u300d(Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood)\u3002\u9019\u9805\u8a3a\u65b7\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u5225\u6307\u6d89\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5c0d\u7537\u5b69\u548c\u5973\u5b69\u6709\u6975\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\uff1a\u5973\u5b69\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u4e0a\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u7537\u6027\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5979\u6709\u9670\u8396\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6703\u9577\u51fa\u9670\u8396\uff09\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u8cbc\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u53ea\u8981\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u9670\u8396\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u300c\u7d93\u7531\u626e\u88dd\u6216\u64ec\u4eff\u5973\u6027\u670d\u88dd\u3001\u6216\u5f37\u70c8\u6e34\u671b\u53c3\u8207\u5973\u5b69\u73a9\u7684\u904a\u6232\u548c\u6d88\u9063\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u5c0d\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u523b\u677f\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u504f\u597d\u300d[6]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u800c\u88ab\u9001\u53bb\u6cbb\u7642\u3002DSM-III<\/em>\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u75c5\u614b\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\u522a\u53bb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u4e4b\u5916\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u7a4d\u6975\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u5f37\u529b\u65bd\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u624d\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cDSM-III<\/em>\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u300c\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u9019\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u5916\u754c\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u79fb\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u6ce8\u610f\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9023\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8cb6\u6291\u5230\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a[8]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5247\u662f\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u90fd\u628a\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u8996\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u9023\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u2500\u2500\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u8ad6\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u617e\u671b\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u617e\u671b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u652a\u64fe\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u300d\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u5973\u4eba\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u6210\u5e74\u5973\u4eba\uff09\u4ecd\u53ef\u617e\u671b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u4eba\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u4eba\uff09\u4ecd\u53ef\u617e\u671b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u904b\u52d5\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u5ba3\u63da\u9019\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u6642\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4e\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6210\u4eba\u8207\u6027\u5225\u8d8a\u8ecc\u5b69\u7ae5(gender-nonconforming children)\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u8fd1\u4f86\u540c\u6027\u6200\u601d\u6f6e\u958b\u59cb\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u65e2\u7368\u7acb\u53c8\u7dca\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7e8f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8ef8\u7dda\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u9032\u6b65\u537b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u5ea6\u5c07\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u6487\u68c4\u70ba\u63ee\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u618e\u60e1\u4e4b\u7269\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b21\u662f\u88ab\u540c\u6027\u6200\u601d\u60f3\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u618e\u60e1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5be6\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u9ede\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u76f8\u7570\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u89ba\u6216\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7684\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u8cea\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u6216\u591a\u8f15\uff08\u5f9e\u6975\u5ea6\u967d\u525b\u5230\u6975\u5ea6\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u5c31\u81ea\u89ba\u500b\u6027\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u3001\u5973\u6027\u5316\u3001\u4e0d\u967d\u525b[9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u4eba\u540c\u5fd7\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8df3\u904e\u4e86\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u540c\u6027\u6200(gay-affirmative)\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5df2\u7d93\u5167\u5316\u4e86\u800c\u4e14\u64c1\u62b1\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6ec5\u7d55\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u3001\u5973\u6027\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u3001\u5b69\u7ae5\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u3002\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u540c\u5fd7\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540d\u8b7d\u7684\u516c\u958b\u7955\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\uff08\u6211\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u5178\u578b\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u9078\u64c7\u300d(atypical sexual object-choice)\u7684\u53bb\u75c5\u7406\u5316(depathologizing)\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u6263\u9023\u5230\u300c\u975e\u5178\u578b\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u300d(atypical gender identification)\u7684\u65b0\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u3002\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u50cfJohn Money\u548cRobert Stoller\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff09\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5efa\u69cb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u65e9\u5728\u6027\u5e7b\u60f3\u8207\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u9078\u64c7\u51dd\u805a\u6210\u578b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u300d(Core Gender Identity)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2500\u2500\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u300c\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u5c31\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u300c\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u672a\u80fd\u8207\u5176\u751f\u7269\u6027\u5225\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u9078\u64c7\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5275\u9020\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u6558\u4e8b\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f9e\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u596e\u529b\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u683c\u6574\u5408\u826f\u597d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6210\u4eba\u70ba\u4f55\u6709\u6642\u4f86\u81ea\u6a19\u6e96\u75c5\u614b\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\uff0cFriedman\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u5957\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u70ba\u592a\u904e\u55ae\u4e00[10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5206\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u50be\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u500b\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5b83\u5728\u5c07\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u9078\u64c7\u300c\u53bb\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u300d(denaturalize)\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u628a\u6027\u5225\u300c\u518d\u5ea6\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u300d(renaturalize)\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78(ego psychology)\u90fd\u50be\u5411\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u592a\u8faf\u8b49\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u6f38\u9032\u7d71\u4e00\u300d(progressive consolidation of self)\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4f86\u69cb\u7bc9\u6709\u95dc\u5fc3\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6838\u5fc3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5316\uff09\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u7d71\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u9670\u8396\u7684\u975e\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u878d\u5165\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u967d\u525b\u7684\u3001\u7537\u6027\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u8a8d\u6700\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7684\u7537\u5b69\uff0cFriedman\u5728\u63cf\u7e6a\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u6211(self)\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u300d(RF, p. 245)\u3001\u300c\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u300d(p. 20)\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u4f30\u70ba\u9069\u5ea6\u967d\u525b\u300d(p. 244)\u7b49\u7b49\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0e\u81f4\u7537\u5b69\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u6211\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u505a\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7537\u5b69\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u540c\u985e\u7684\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\uff08\u5c0dFriedman\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6307\u7684\u540c\u985e\u9650\u65bc\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u5b69\u3002\uff09\u800c\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u4f30\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\uff1a\u5225\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u610f\u9019\u500b\u7537\u5b69\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e5f\u6703\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7537\u5b69\u4e5f\u8981\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u7fa4\u7537\u6027\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u5115\u8207\u9577\u8005\uff09\u662f\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\u8981\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u500b\u7537\u5b69\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u5728\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u8981\u80fd\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u7537\u5b69\u3002\u7537\u6027\u793e\u6703\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u7537\u5b69\u5167\u5728\u6240\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f(\uff01)\u7684\u76f8\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u9752\u6625\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6709\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u524d\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af\u671f\u5b69\u5b50\u8207\u6bcd\u89aa\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4f86\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u4eba\u78ba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u3002Friedman\u66f8\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u72c2\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e0d\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u524d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u5b69\u6240\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5bcc\u5f48\u6027\u3001\u66f4\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u5b69\u4e0d\u77e5\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u300d(p. 20)\u3002\u5c0dFriedman\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u5bb6\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u3001\u6210\u719f\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u932f\u7f6e\u300d\uff08\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u7d42\u7a76\u9084\u662f\u9577\u6210\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u300d\uff08\u967d\u525b\u7684\uff09\u7537\u5b50\u6f22\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6027\u50be\u5411\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u90a3\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002Friedman\u66f8\u4e2d\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u7955\u7684\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728Friedman\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u300c\u539f\u521d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u300d(proto-gay childhoods)\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\u300c\u7537\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u300d(masculine self-regard)\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u6210\u719f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u88dc\u6551\u6642\u53c8\u592a\u665a\u800c\u4e14\u592a\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cFriedman\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7d42\u7a76\u9084\u662f\u6210\u9577\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u6709\u97cc\u6027(resilient)\u2500\u2500\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5920\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u60e1\u610f\u548c\u9577\u671f\u7684\uff08\u793e\u6703\uff09\u58d3\u529b\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u653e\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u6232\u78bc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u91cb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u300c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u90a3\u7a2e\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u75c5\u614b\uff1f\u300d(RF, p. 205)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\uff0cFriedman\u675f\u624b\u7121\u7b56\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\u7279\u5225\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u67d0\u500b\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u8f49(psychological mechanism)\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u8f49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u500b\u9ad4\u9060\u96e2\u5404\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u932f\u7f6e\u300d(p. 236)\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u6211\u97cc\u6027\u3001\u6210\u9577\u6f5b\u80fd\u3001\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u8f49\u300d(p. 205)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u597d\u597d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u932f\u7f6e\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u8f49\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u7279\u5225\u6709\u6548\u7684\u61c9\u4ed8\u7126\u616e\u548c\u6575\u610f\u300d(p. 201)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u8072\u7a31\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u539f\u521d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u5b69\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u537b\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u5047\u8a2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u3001\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u5171\u632f\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u53ea\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u7537\u6027\u5316\uff1b\u800c\u7537\u6027\u5316\u53ea\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u7537\u4eba(p. 20)\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9670\u8396\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u7f3a\u5931\u548c\u932f\u7f6e\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u2500\u2500\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b58\u6d3b(survival)\u3001\u89aa\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2(filiation)\u3001\u548c\u62b5\u6297(resistance)\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6bcd\u89aa\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u904e\u7a0b\u505a\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7dca\u6025\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8cb6\u70ba\u6c92\u7528\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u78ba\u8a8d\u7537\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u727d\u9023\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u904e\u5ea6\u6d89\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u90fd\u662f\u904e\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcd\u89aa\u300c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5177\u66b4\u529b\u50be\u5411\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u611f\u5230\u9a55\u50b2\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u660e\u986f\u5730\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u75c5\u614b\u300d(p. 193)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0dFriedman\u548cGreen\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u5b69\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7167\u9867\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7576\u7684\u300c\u7537\u6027\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u505a\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u7537\u6027\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7537\u6027\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u542b\u8457\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7d14\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4f5c\u70ba\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5c31\u4f4d\u5c31\u6db5\u62ec\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u9650\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\uff0cFriedman\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5f88\u6a21\u7a1c\u5169\u53ef\u3002\u4ed6\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u4ee5\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u70ba\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f94\u7f8a\uff0c\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8a8d\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u671f\u904e\u5f8c\u5c31\u6beb\u7121\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u58d3\u6291\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u6027\u7684\u6216\u96d9\u6027\u6200\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(pp. 263-67)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u8207\u540c\u6027\u6050\u614c\u7121\u95dc(p. 178)\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u521d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u8a8d\u540c\u300c\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u300d\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u62b9\u715e\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cfe\u6b63\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u518d\u81ea\u7136\u5316(renaturalization)\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u6d3e(new psychiatry)\u5728\u8868\u793a\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6642\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6700\u58de\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0d\u53ea\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e00\u9ede\u5152\u4e5f\u63d0\u4e0d\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u90a3\u6df1\u690d\u5728\u5468\u906d\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u3001\u652f\u6301\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff1a\u4f46\u9858\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u91ab\u5e2b\u2500\u2500\u5f88\u671f\u671b\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u78b0\u5de7\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u9858\u610f\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7576\u6210\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u3001\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c31\u5f88\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u7570\u6027\u6200\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u50f9\u503c\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u6709\u95dc\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u59b3\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u6559\u5340\u5c45\u6c11\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u6216\u90e8\u968a\u4e0b\u5c6c\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u822c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u662f\uff1b\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u9632\u6cbb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u4f01\u5716\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u591a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5c0d\u9632\u6cbb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u63d0\u51fa\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff1a\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5dde\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8ecd\u968a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u6559\u6703\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u548c\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u9632\u6cbb\u7684\u4f01\u5716\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8f49\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u4e4b\u66b4\u884c\u6642\u4e5f\u5c11\u6709\u7336\u8c6b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u66f8\u7c4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\u8981\u8ac7\u7684\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u4e32\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u8b0a\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8b0a\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6cbb\u7642\u5e2b\u5011\u6240\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u671f\u671b\u6709\u500b\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0cFriedman\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u63a8\u60f3\u2500\u2500\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u4ecb\u5165\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u662f\uff09\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u8f49\u8b8a\u300d\u5176\u6027\u50be\u5411\uff08\u659c\u9ad4\u5b57\u70baFriedman\u81ea\u5df1\u52a0\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u5f88\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u63a8\u60f3\u300c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u627f\u8f09\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u50be\u5411\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u300d(p. 212)\u3002Green\u90a3\u672c\u66f8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u63a1\u53d6\u8a2a\u8ac7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u8aaa\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u8b0a\u8a00\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7236\u6bcd\u6703\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u66fe\u7d93\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u70ba\u77ef\u6b63\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u8aaa\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u300c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u4f60\u6210\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u4e0d\u5feb\u6a02\u300d(RG, p. 318)\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7a0d\u5f8c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u9801\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u5411\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u300c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9001\u5152\u5b50\u4f86\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u2026\u2026\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u9810\u5146\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u5728\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d\uff09\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9f13\u52f5\u5e74\u8f15\u7537\u6027\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5411\u7236\u6bcd\u300c\u4fdd\u8b49\u300d\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u300c\u96d9\u6027\u6200\u300d\uff08\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u8db3\u5920\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u597d\u904e\u4e9b\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u300d(RG, p. 207)\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9f13\u52f5\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u544a\u8a34\u59bb\u5b50(p. 205)\u3002Green\u4ee5\u9f13\u52f5\u75c5\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8aaa\u8b0a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6b3a\u9a19\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b3a\u9a19\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c0d\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u70ba\u7642\u6cd5\u7684Kyle\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0cGreen\u7684\u5831\u544a\u8aaaKyle\u5728\u6cbb\u7642\u4e2d\u81ea\u627f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u7e2e\u50be\u5411\u2500\u2500\u300c\u300e\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u8a18\u61b6\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u6211\u5abd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u5c31\u8b80UCLA\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5bb3\u6015\u6211\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u60f3\u6211\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u5c0d\u7537\u4eba\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u6ce8\u8996\u6216\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6709\u9ede\u904e\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u300f\u300d(p. 307)\uff1bGreen\u53c8\u8aaaKyle\u81ea\u627f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u662f\u300c\u5f88\u7cdf\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0f\u5b69\ufe52\ufe52\ufe52\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u6216\u5225\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u50b7\u5bb3\u2500\u2500\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u559c\u6b61\u7a7f\u6234\u76ae\u9769\u88fd\u54c1\u6216\u90a3\u985e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5641\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u95dc\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u300d(p. 307)\uff1bKyle\u9084\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u5c0d\u6ce8\u8996\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u66b4\u529b\u76f8\u5411(p. 307)\uff1b\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u4ed6\u4e00\u6a23\u50be\u5411\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u4ed6\u300c\u6703\u5e36\u4ed6\u5230\u80fd\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u300d(p. 317)\u3002\u96e3\u9053\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5e73\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7642\u6cd5\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

Green\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u66fe\u7d93\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4ecb\u5165\u6703\u51f8\u986f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u504f\u5dee\u300d\uff0c\u6703\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u4ed6\u58d3\u6291\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u771f\u6211\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1b\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u5b69\u5011\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u56de\u61b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u679c\u662f\u300c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u300d\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u8d0a\u540c\u9019\u7a2e\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u60f3\u6e1b\u5c11\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u5b69\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\u3002(p. 319)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0cGreen\u8352\u8b2c\u5730\u3001\u6025\u5207\u5730\u60f3\u8aaa\u670d\u7236\u6bcd\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u5152\u5b50\u7684\u6068\u610f\u548c\u6012\u6c23\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u53d7\u540c\u5115\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u617e\u671b\u8868\u73fe\u2500\u2500\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7236\u6bcd\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u660e\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u6068\u610f\u548c\u6012\u6c23(pp. 391-92)\uff01\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5152\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5011\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6574\u6574\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u71b1\u4e2d\u65bc\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u4e0d\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u6b98\u9177\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u5b69\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u6642\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5c07\u4e4b\u9010\u51fa\u5bb6\u9580\uff01\u800c\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5152\u5b50\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u6642\uff0cGreen\u7adf\u7136\u7121\u8a00\u4ee5\u5f85(pp. 373-75)\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u505a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6cbb\u7642\u5e2b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u5e95\u7dda\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5411\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7537\u5b69\u65bd\u58d3\u7684\u540c\u5115\u5718\u9ad4\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u8d0a\u540c\u8a34\u8af8\u300c\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff08\u7531\u7d66\u8cbb\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u57f7\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff08\u7531\u540c\u5115\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u900f\u904e\u5632\u5f04\u548c\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\uff09\u300d(p. 388)\u3002<\/p>\n

Green\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u5e73\u6de1\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u4ee5\u5fc3\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u4f86\u4f7f\u3014\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u5b69\u3015\u9010\u6f38\u7fd2\u6163\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u6210\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u300d(p. 259)\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u5766\u767d\u5730\u5728\u6b21\u9801\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u7236\u6bcd\u76e3\u7ba1\u5c0f\u5b69\u6210\u9577\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u65e9\u5c31\u78ba\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff1b\u8ab0\u80fd\u547d\u4ee4\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u5f97\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6210\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u64ab\u990a\u5c0f\u5b69\uff1f\u300d(p. 260)\u3002\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u505c\u6b62\u628a\u9632\u6cbb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7576\u6210\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u7684\u502b\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5012\u5e95\u6709\u8ab0\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u7236\u6bcd\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4fdd\u5065\u5c08\u696d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u771f\u5be6\u80af\u5b9a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6027\u6200\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7a7a\u9593\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u6697\u6ac3\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b(Epistemology of the Closet<\/em>)\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u653e\u624b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u539f\u521d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u548c\u611b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u653f\u6cbb\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u2215\u6587\u5316\u4e8c\u5206\u8ad6\u8b49\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5176\u5371\u96aa\u6027\uff1a\u4ecb\u5165\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u51fa\u767c\u770b\u4f3c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5371\u96aa\uff1b\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c (cultural manipulation)\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u502b\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0a\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u8173\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u5371\u96aa\uff1b\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u61c9\u8a72\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u897f\u65b9\u6f54\u7656\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5371\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u7d44\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4e5f\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u9019\u4e9b\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u624d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u6027\u3002\u5c31\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u7a0b(social engineering)\u52d5\u529b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5b89\u7a69\u611f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u5c07\u8a8d\u540c\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u6216\u300c\u672c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u5730\u9694\u96e2\u793e\u6703\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u4e5f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5148\u5929\u2215\u5f8c\u5929\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u8f49\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5e38\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u5bb6\u63a8\u6e2c\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u8cea\u6709\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u6216\u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u53ea\u662f\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5019\u2500\u2500\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u6e2c\u597d\u50cf\u7e3d\u662f\u6703\u5728\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6027\u5efa\u69cb\u4e2d\u5f15\u767c\u64cd\u4f5c\u72c2\u60f3\u7684\u767c\u60c5\u671f\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u8853\u6548\u529b\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u58d3\u6291\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u537b\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u504f\u57f7\uff1a\u652f\u6490\u5148\u5929\u2215\u5f8c\u5929\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u5169\u6975\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5(the Cartesian bipolar psychosis)\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u8abf\u63db\u4e86\u5176\u6975\u5316\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e(polar assignment)\uff0c\u537b\u7d72\u6beb\u4e0d\u9b06\u5f1b\u5176\u5c0d\u96c6\u9ad4\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u60f3\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u9ad4\u4f86\u62b5\u6297\u90a3\u7a2e\u60f3\u8981\u9023\u6839\u62d4\u9664\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u592a\u8106\u5f31\u4e86\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u70ba\u6d88\u8cbb\u5927\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7570\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u537b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6191\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u523a\u6fc0\u9019\u4e9b\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u751f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u56e0\u70ba\u66f4\u5e73\u6613\u53ef\u898b\u800c\u66f4\u5177\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u660e\u986f\u6216\u771f\u5be6\u80af\u5b9a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u7e3d\u662f\u6307\u5411\u8377\u723e\u8499\u3001\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u6216\u73fe\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u8aaa\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u671f\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u74b0\u5883(fetal endocrine environment)\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7f3a\u5931\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u300d\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6211\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u901a\u4fd7\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8aaa\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8377\u723e\u8499\u5e73\u8861\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4fc3\u4f7f\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u90a3\u7a2e\u79d1\u6280\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u800c\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6144\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ee5\u73fe\u6cc1\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u7531\u611b\u6ecb\u717d\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u60f3\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u9ad4\u9023\u6839\u5277\u9664\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u5922\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u610f\u5716\u9632\u6cbb\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u5316\u5922\u60f3\u5012\u9084\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6709\u95dc\u81ea\u7136(nature)\u548c\u6587\u5316(culture)\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u4e0d\u751a\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u5316\u617e\u671b\u5c1a\u672a\u6574\u9ad4\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0d\u53d7\u5a01\u8105\u3001\u6216\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u548c\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u90fd\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u3001\u660e\u6670\u7684\u3001\u800c\u60c5\u617e\u5145\u6c9b\u7684(erotically invested)\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u6216\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u773c\u524d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5922\u60f3\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u53bb\u6cbb\u7642\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u8a3b\u5b9a\uff1a\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u7121\u804a\u7e41\u7463\u7684\u8faf\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u8207\u58d3\u8feb\u5171\u8b00\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5b69\u5b50\u6559\u990a\u6210\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u662f\u62111989\u5e74\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u8a00\u5354\u6703\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\u800c\u5beb\u7684\u3002Jack Cameron \u4ecb\u7d39\u6211\u53bb\u8b80\u672c\u7bc7\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5169\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800cCindy Patton \u5247\u52a0\u5f37\u6211\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u672c\u6587\u53d6\u81eaEve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Tendencies<\/em> (London: Routledge, 1994), 154-164\u3002\u7d93\u4f5c\u8005\u540c\u610f\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

[1]<\/a> \u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u70baNew York Native<\/em>\uff0c1989\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\u7b2c9-10\u9801\uff1b1989\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\u7b2c14\u9801\uff1b1989\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\u7b2c7\u9801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Kenneth Lewes\u7684\u8457\u4f5cThe Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality<\/em> (New York: Penguin\/NAL\/Meridian, 1989) \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u95e2\u7684\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6982\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Richard C. Friedman, Male Homosexuality: A Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspective<\/em> (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1988) \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f15\u7528\u5c07\u5728\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u8a3b\u4ee5RF\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Richard Green, The \u2018Sissy Boy Syndrome\u2019 and the Development of Homosexuality<\/em> (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987)\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f15\u7528\u5c07\u5728\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u8a3b\u4ee5RG\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0cFriedman\u6240\u8b9a\u7f8e\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7e3d\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5225\u4eba\u6703\u6191\u76f4\u89ba\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5916\u578b\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff08\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6642\u5c1a\uff09\u7b26\u865f\u6216\u793e\u5718\u3002\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a31\u591a\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1b\u5c0d\u66f4\u591a\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f9e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u770b\u662f\u8ca7\u7620\u81f3\u6975\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em>, 3rd ed. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980), pp.265-66.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u552f\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u662fLawrence Mass\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5cDialogues of the Sexual Revolution, vol. I, Homosexuality and Sexuality<\/em> (New York: Harrington Park Press, 1990)\u4e2d\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u5341\u5e74\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5e2b\u548c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a2a\u8ac7\u539f\u672c\u662f\u70ba\u540c\u5fd7\u520a\u7269\u51fa\u7248\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5e38\u5e38\u6df1\u5177\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0cMass\u6240\u554f\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u901a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6f2b\u9577\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u5c07\u540c\u6027\u6200\u91cd\u65b0\u69cb\u601d\u70ba\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\uff1a\u300e\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6df7\u4e82\u300f\u300d(p.214)<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u7576\u300c\u9177\u5152\u300d\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73fe\u800c\u4e14\u8207\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u758a\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u7af6\u722d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7537\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u8cb6\u6291\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6709\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u300c\u9177\u5152\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u64c1\u62b1\u2500\u2500\u800c\u975e\u68c4\u7d55\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u5011\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u53ef\u53c3\u95b1Friedman\u7684Male Homosexuality<\/em> (pp.33-48)\u4ee5\u53caGreen\u7684The \u201cSissy Boy Syndrome\u201d <\/em>(pp.370-90)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u70ba\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3001\u5f9e\u540c\u5fd7\u7acb\u5834\u51fa\u767c\u7684\u662fA.P.Bell, M.S. Weinberg, \u8207S.K.Hammersmith\u6240\u8457\u7684Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women<\/em> (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981)\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u8ad6\u70ba\u300c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u6027\u5225\u8d8a\u8ecc\u8207\u6210\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Friedman\u5f88\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u6b23\u8cde\u8fd1\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u61f7\u5b55\u671f\u9593\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u58d3\u529b\u6703\u5c0d\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u8166\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8377\u723e\u8499\u4fe1\u865f\u76f4\u5230\u9752\u6625\u671f\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u7570\u65bc\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u53ef\u662fFriedman\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u592a\u8ca0\u8cac(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d(p.24)\u63d0\u5230\u503c\u5f97\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u300c\u5047\u8a2d\u5dee\u7570\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u7ae0\u4e4b\u5f8c(p.51)\u537b\u88ab\u6084\u6084\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u300d)\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u516c\u6b63\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f15\u81f4\u540c\u6027\u6200\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u72c0\u6cc1\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u8aaa\u6210\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u300d\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\u5316(p.14)\u3001\u7f3a\u9677(p.15)\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904eFriedman\u5c0d\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u504f\u611b\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6b63\u9762\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u985e\u6bd4\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7d44\u6709\u95dc\u5fc3\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6558\u4e8b\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u7279\u6b8a\u5fc3\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u767c\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u5fc3\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u64c1\u62b1\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6558\u4e8b\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u601d\u8003\uff08\u95dc\u65bc\u6b64\u985e\u6bd4\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1pp. 241-45\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4ee5\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7269\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u7537\u6027\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8eab\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u5a01\u8105\uff08\u6216\u61c9\u8a31\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u800cFriedman\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u628a\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3001\u9664\u9b45\u5316\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u9019\u662f\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u5927\u5e2b\u7d1a\u5b78\u8005Eve Kosofsky<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[44,306,281],"class_list":["post-2589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-83","tag-44","tag-306","tag-281"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2589"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6230,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589\/revisions\/6230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}