{"id":2603,"date":"1999-11-27T16:19:00","date_gmt":"1999-11-27T08:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2603"},"modified":"2017-01-10T22:38:00","modified_gmt":"2017-01-10T14:38:00","slug":"%e6%93%8d%e6%bc%94%e3%80%81bakla%e8%88%87%e6%9d%b1%e6%96%b9%e5%87%9d%e8%a6%96%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1%e8%a8%82%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1999\/11\/%e6%93%8d%e6%bc%94%e3%80%81bakla%e8%88%87%e6%9d%b1%e6%96%b9%e5%87%9d%e8%a6%96%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1%e8%a8%82%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u64cd\u6f14\u3001Bakla\u8207\u6771\u65b9\u51dd\u8996\uff08\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6821\u8a02\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u9019\u662f\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u540c\u5fd7\u5b78\u8005Jose Neil Caba\u00f1ero Garcia\u65bc1999\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\u53c3\u8207\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c46\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u8d85\u8584\u578b\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703<\/a>\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u7531\u5f35\u6dd1\u7d0b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u8449\u5fb7\u5ba3\u3001\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6821\u8a02\u3002\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c145-172\u9801\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u539f\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u964d\u751f\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u662f\u626e\u88dd\u2014\u2014Ru Paul<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

1998\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u53c3\u52a0\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u8209\u884c\u7684\u300c\u6027\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u5e78\u62dc\u8b80\u4e86\u6703\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u662f\u7531\u300c\u6027\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u5354\u6703\u300d(International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society)\u8d0a\u52a9\u3002\u6b64\u5354\u6703\u4e43\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u4e0a\u6578\u4e00\u6578\u4e8c\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8207\u6703\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5927\u7d04\u767e\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8207\u6b64\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u8fa6\u57ce\u5e02\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u4e3b\u8fa6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6703\u8b70\uff1a\u9760\u8fd1\u502b\u6566\u7684\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u662f\u5168\u82f1\u570b\u5c0d\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6700\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u665a\u5c31\u9a5a\u559c\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u60f3\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u300c\u8a6d\u7570\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u5f80\u5728\u7956\u570b\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u300d(burgis)\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5eb8\u4fd7\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9(vulgar Marxism)\u548c Pilipinohiya\u7b49\u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u6211\u7a31\u70ba\u72c2\u71b1\u53cd\u83c1\u82f1\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6240\u7d66\u6211\u8cbc\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7576\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u807d\u8457\u6b50\u7f8e\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u5927\u5e2b\u5982Jeffrey Weeks, Kenneth Plummer\u548cGilbert Herdt\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u767c\u89ba\u5728\u9019\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u6392\u5217\u5f97\u5b9c\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u5ba4\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u9593\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u571f\u8457\u300d(native)\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u6240\u8655\u8eab\u7684\u89d2\u843d\u7a81\u7136\u4e4b\u9593\u7adf\u7136\u8b8a\u6210\u540c\u6211\u819a\u8272\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u68d5\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u76ca\u767c\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u89aa\u8033\u807d\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u9019\u4e9b\u773e\u6240\u516c\u8a8d\u5728\u5176\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5167\u535a\u5b78\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u570b\u969b\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u606c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6065\u7684\u5c45\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6211\uff0c\u767c\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6a19\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5728\u5730\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u660e\u767d\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7e2e\u5f71\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u77ad\u89e3\uff1a\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6027\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u65e2\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8aaa\u8a71\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u624d\u5be6\u8e10\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14(performativity)\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u9858\u610f\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u50cf\u5728\u5448\u73fe\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5538\u9996\u8a69\u6216\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u6211\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u611f\u89ba\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7d2e\u6839\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u9762\u5c0d\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u518d\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u60c5\u9858\u653e\u68c4\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u70ba\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u4e3b\u8981\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u518d\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

**********<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u5728\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u5730\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u3001\u76f8\u7576\u7136\u723e\u5730\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u7a2e\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u6587\u6240\u6253\u7b97\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6Judith Butler\u5099\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\u3001\u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u540c\u5f62\u6210(identity-formation)\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u5373\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u300c\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14\u300d(performativity)\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u50b3\u9054\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u812b\u51fa\u539f\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u9020\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u3002\u800c\u6211\u6311\u6230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u56de\u5230Butler\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5957\u7528\u5230\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u62db\u81f4\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u88e1\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u662fbakla<\/em>\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u672c\u5730\u6709\u8457\u6b77\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8d8a\u754c\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5373babaklean<\/em>\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u81bd\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6d3b\u52d5(transgenderism)\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u70ba\u4e86\u5f37\u5316\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u7570\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u53ca\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u62b9\u6bba\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u672c\u5730\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

Judith Buter\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u628a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225(sex)\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6027\u5225(gender)\u548c\u6027\u617e\u7279\u8cea(sexuality)\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u5f62\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u5979\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u8a8d\u540c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u6f14\u7e79\u77db\u76fe\u5730\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u8868\u6f14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6027\u5225\u6216\u6027\u617e\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5b83\u5011\u624d\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\u548c\u60c5\u617e\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u3002\u5982Butler\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u50b3\u7d71\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u64cd\u6f14\u2014\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5c31\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u500b\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u65bc\u884c\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a8d\u540c\u6216\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u975eButler\u6240\u5275\u3002\u963f\u5716\u585e\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u53ec\u559a\u300d(“interpellation”)\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6982\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u500b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u5c48\u670d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\uff08\u4e14\u50b3\u7d71\uff09\u7684\u8b8a\u9ad4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u300d\uff08\u8868\u6f14\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u7e3d\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u3001\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u6a21\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\uff0cButler\u5df2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u88e1\uff0cButler\u8acb\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u985e\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b\u91ab\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u53ec\u559a\u4e00\u7a2e\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u5f9e\u300c\u5b83\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u5979\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4ed6\u300d\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u547d\u540d\u6642\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5df2\u88ab\u300c\u5973\u5b69\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u6027\u5225\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u5df2\u88ab\u5e36\u5f80\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u7684\u5206\u985e\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u5316\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u7d50\u675f\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u53ec\u559a\u6703\u88ab\u5404\u7a2e\u5a01\u6b0a\uff0c\u5728\u70ba\u671f\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u88ab\u5f37\u5316\u3002[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500bButler\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5148\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e8b\u5148\u9078\u64c7\u6216\u4e8b\u5148\u5c55\u9732\u2014\u2014\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5176\u7368\u7279\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8868\u6f14\u4e2d\u624d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5973\u4eba(woman)\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5979\u7684\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u6027\u300d(woman-ness)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u7a2e\u6027\u5225\u5316\u548c\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5f9e\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8868\u6f14\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u8868\u6f14\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u5979\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u4e3b\u984c\uff0cButler\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u6027\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u529b\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4f9d\u5faa\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u5979\u5c07\u6b64\u6279\u5224\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u5f0f\u7684\u300d(genealogical)\u3002[3]<\/strong><\/a> Butler\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u4e2d\u6709\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5979\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u88e1\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u8868\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u85c9\u8457\u5916\u986f\u884c\u70ba\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8a8d\u8b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8eab\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u7136\u7121\u6059\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u5b83\u8005\u5148\u884c\u6392\u9664\u3002Butler\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u9444\u6a21\u300d(heterosexual matrix)\u3002[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5982\u540c\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0cButler\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u9444\u6a21\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5f8b\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u88c1\u6c7a\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u88fd\u9020\u751f\u7522\u3002\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u53ca\u5176\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9444\u6a21\u4e0d\u4f46\u898f\u8a13\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e14\u751f\u7522\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u751f\u7522\u539f\u672c\u5b83\uff08\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u53ea\u8ca0\u8cac\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\u908f\u8f2f\u5df2\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u6240\u719f\u77e5\uff1a\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\uff1b\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\uff1a\u9670\u67d4\u548c\u967d\u525b\uff1b\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u3002[5]<\/strong><\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u4e92\u9023\u8cab\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7d44\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\u5176\u7406\u60f3\uff1a\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u9670\u67d4\uff0c\u7570\u6027\u6200\uff1b\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u8a8d\u540c\u74b0\u7e5e\u8457\u5f37\u8feb\u91cd\u8907(compulsion to repeat)\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5f15\u8ff0\u6027\u7684(citational)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\uff08\u6cbf\u8457\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u8feb\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\uff09\u4e0d\u65b7\u76f8\u4e92\u6307\u6d89\uff0c\u9042\u7522\u751f\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8a8d\u540c\u5411\u4f86\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u5047\u8c61\uff1b\u800c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u91cd\u8907\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u7d44\u898f\u7bc4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5206\u5d29\u96e2\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u5225\u5143\u7d20\u5167\u6db5\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5931\u8861\u4e82\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7537\u6027(maleness)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e3b\u9ad4\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5f15\u81eaButler\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u80fd\u81ea\u5916\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6027\u5225\u5e38\u6a21\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u8207\u4e4b\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5728\u53cd\u8986\u6f14\u7df4\u4e2d\u7531\u5e38\u6a21\u53cd\u5411\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u6216\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5411\u4f86\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u898f\u5236\u5e38\u6a21\u53ec\u559a\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u4e2d\u88c2\u7e2b\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u6216\u5148\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u524d\u793e\u6703\u5316\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u8ac7\u5224\u4ea4\u6d89\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u62b5\u6297\u89c0\u5ff5\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7d14\u7cb9\u6216\u524d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9020\u6240\u4f9d\u6043\u7684\u81ea\u9858\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u5c0dButler\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u66d6\u6627\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u985e\u6bd4\u65bc\u5fb7\u5e0c\u9054\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6(theory of signification)\uff1a\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u767c\u8a00\u9593\u7684\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6307\u548c\u80fd\u6307\u9593\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u9593\u7684\u6ed1\u52d5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u8ad6\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6297\u62d2\u2014\u2014Butler\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14\u70ba\u300c\u9020\u5c31\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5f37\u8feb\u91cd\u8907\u300d[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u6027\u5225\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u932f\u4e82\u7684\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u8207\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9762\u8c8c\u5927\u76f8\u5ead\u9015\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8a8d\u540c\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5931\u6557\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u6fc0\u9032\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u985b\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u6642\u88ab\u632a\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u8f49\u63db\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6027\u5225\u5e38\u6a21\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u6f14\u7e79\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4e0d\u66fe\u9054\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u6216\u6a21\u4eff\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9023\u7570\u6027\u6200\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u540c\u62f7\u8c9d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u5e38\u6a21\u6240\u6c38\u9060\u4f01\u53ca\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8a31\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u9ede\uff1aButler\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u601d\u8003\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u617e\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u8457\u624b\u63ed\u9732\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u7bc9\u57fa\u65bc\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5c64\u6b21\u5411\u4f86\u5c45\u65bc\u7a69\u56fa\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7537\u5973\u8a8d\u540c\/\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0d\u5fc3\uff0f\u6027\u9748\u5c55\u958b\u672c\u8cea\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002Butler\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u5979\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u89e3\u81f3\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u4ecd\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u89f8\u7684\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5178\u7bc4\uff1a\u5373\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\uff0f\u6027\u9748\u8ad6\u300d\u548c\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8ad6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u6562\u66dd(camp)\u8207\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u64ec\u4eff\u6587\u5316\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6548\u61c9\u51fa\u767c\uff0cButler\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u5fc3\u9748\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8a8d\u540c\u85c9\u8457\u91cd\u8907\u8868\u6f14\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0dButler\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u662f\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u7522\u751f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u6c92\u6709\u539f\u7248\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u4e0d\u65b7\u8207\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5b83\u8005\u300d\u5c0d\u7acb\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u5f9e\u900f\u904eButler\u53d7\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u555f\u767c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u300c\u6562\u66dd\u300d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u5099\u53d7\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u69cb\u2014\u2014\u9042\u56e0\u5176\u8a87\u5f35\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u5c0d\u53cd\u8af7\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7701\u5bdf\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8868\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6562\u66dd\u5632\u5f04\u7537\u6027(maleness)\u548c\u5973\u6027(femaleness)\u7684\u6b66\u65b7\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a7c\u8ae7\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u4e2d\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6027(fantasmatic natures)\u3002\u6839\u64daButer\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u8a7c\u8ae7\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6a21\u4eff\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u2026\u2026\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u6709\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u5167\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u5e7b\u89ba\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3001\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u6240\u727d\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u64cd\u6f14\u300d\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8ae7\u64ec\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u8a87\u5f35\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002[8]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u85c9\u8457\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14\u7684\u6975\u5ea6\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u72f9\u9698\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c \u6562\u66dd\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u5df2\u300c\u505a\u51fa\u300d\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6d6e\u9762\u5316\u3001\u53bb\u6df1\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7537\u6027\/\u5973\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u5df2\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5076\u767c\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u5a46\u8207T\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u591a\u5143\u88dd\u626e\uff1b\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u626e\u6f14\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u6f14\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u7121\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0cButler\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53ea\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6216\u662f\u501f\u7528\u5979\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u300c\u91cd\u8907\u300d\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u73a9\u5f04\u6027\u5225\u6216\u626e\u88dd\u8005\u8001\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u5c31\u662f\u626e\u88dd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136Butler\u7684\u64cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u88ab\u627f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u95e1\u91cb\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u4e4b\u7269\u8cea\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u2014\u2014\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u628a\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u5411\u770b\u6210\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u91cd\u8907\u8868\u6f14\u624d\u80fd\u7a69\u56fa\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u7406\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\uff0cbakla<\/em>\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u6562\u66dd\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u9019\u7a2e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u91dd\u5c0dButler\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u9805\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u95dc\u7167\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u904b\u7528\u5230\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u6642\u7684\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u548c\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u3002\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u88ab\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u54b8\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u9010\u6f38\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5408\u7406\u5316\u9019\u7a2e\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u904b\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7f3a\u5931\u4e26\u4e0d\u76e1\u7136\u662fButler\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u7aed\u76e1\u6240\u80fd\u7684\u756b\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7bc4\u570d\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u300a\u6027\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u6771\u65b9\u6027\u53f2\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u800cButler\u5728\u548c\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\/\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u722d\u8ad6\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u78ba\u627f\u8a8d\u5728\u7570\u6027\u6200\u9444\u6a21\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u5230\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u70ba\u5176\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u3002[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff08\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u5979\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5df2\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9444\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u7279\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6297\u8b70\u8207\u67d0\u7a2e\u898b\u5730\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u898b\u5730\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6211\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u672c\u8eab\u9032\u884c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u624d\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a66\u5716\u986f\u9732\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e43\u662f\u5a01\u6b0a\u9ad4\u5236\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u6279\u5224\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5957\u8ad6\u8ff0\u57fa\u790e(discursivity)\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5df2\u51dd\u56fa\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u8a8d\u8b58\u7bc4\u7587\u300d(epistemic field)\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5085\u67ef\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5eab(archive)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576Butler\u5728\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u5411\u9032\u884c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u63f4\u5f15\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5927\u773e\u5beb\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u6a94\u6848\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u5979\u8b49\u660e\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u4ee5\u95e1\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u5730\u5340\u2014\u2014\u7279\u5225\u662f\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7fa4\u5cf6\u2014\u2014\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5929\u771f\u5730\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u518d\u73fe\u6210\u540c\u6a23\u9f90\u5927\u4e14\u7fd4\u5be6\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53e3\u8ff0\u6587\u5316\u5728\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u66f8\u5beb\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff1a\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7fa4\u5cf6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u81ea\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u7d93\u6b77\u5230\u7d93\u9a57\u6558\u8ff0\u8207\u7406\u6027\u601d\u60df\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8a31\u591a\u947d\u7814\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7576\u5730\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u662f\u8ab0\u6216\u6211\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u591a\u534a\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u66f8\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5f97\u958b\u59cb\u8457\u624b\u5beb\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u66f8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9818\u609f\u5c0d\u65bc\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u2014\u2014\u4e43\u81f3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5ba3\u6210\u64cd\u6f14\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u5f88\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528Butler\u9019\u500b\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a\u9858\u671b\u662f\u7d42\u6b78\u662f\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9054\u4e0d\u5230\u5b83\u6240\u61a7\u61ac\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9818\u609f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u63a1\u7528\u5169\u500b\u5728\u5e73\u6642\u5c31\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u89f8\u3001\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u4f7f\u4eba\u767c\u72c2\u7684\u5169\u500b\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u4efd\u5b50\u300d\u548c\u300c\u56b4\u8085\u5b78\u8005\u300d\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u9700\u6211\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5728\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u8b93\u6211\u5403\u9a5a\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7576\u5730\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u795e\u5947\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u500b\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u6307\u7684\u7576\u7136\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u60f3\u8981\u66f8\u5beb\u6216\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5316\u5404\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u5b83\u66f4\u85c9\u8457\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u7372\u5229\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u8209\u4e16\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u300c\u6279\u8a55\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u4f86\u5f70\u986f\u5176\u81ea\u7701\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u201c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u81ea\u4fe1\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u6211\u9762\u5c0d\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u6703\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u6642\uff08\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u7b11\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u4fe1\u986f\u7136\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5730\u57df\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u5728\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5b78\u8005\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ad6\u300c\u4ed6\u570b\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u5883\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u300c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u9444\u6a21\u300d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u78ba\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u578b\u614b\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5167\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u50cfButler\u7684\u64cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u5982\u6b64\u7d71\u6574\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u9444\u6a21\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5f37\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5316\uff1a\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u518d\u73fe\uff08\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u5f71\u50cf\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u5e38\u8b58\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u5728\u5bb6\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u6f14\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u7537\/\u5973\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225(male\/female)(lalake\/babae<\/em>)\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6027\u5225\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u53ea\u6709\u967d\u525b\u548c\u9670\u67d4\u5169\u7a2e\u7bc4\u7587\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u8a69\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6Lilia Quindoza Santiago\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u5225\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6587\u662fkasarian<\/em>\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\u5df2\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u7b49\u7684\u55ae\u5b57\u8981\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u5f48\u6027\uff08\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u622a\u7136\u4e8c\u5206\u986f\u7136\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\uff09\u3002\u5728Tagalog-Filipino\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u8907sari<\/em>\uff0c\u5c31\u662fsari-sari<\/em>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u300c\u5404\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u5141\u8a31\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u8a31\u591a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u73a9\u7684\u904a\u6232\u88e1\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u9b27\u8457\u73a9\u6642\u90fd\u7405\u7405\u4e0a\u53e3\u7684\u9019\u300c\u4e00\u4e32\u7d44\u5408\u300d\uff1agirl, boy, bakla, tomboy<\/em>\u3002\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u9996\u6b4c\u80e1\u4e82\u6e4a\u6210\u7684\u97fb\u8173\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u56db\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f7c\u6b64\u6263\u9023\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4f4d\u968e\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u548cgirl\u3001boy\u4e26\u5b58\uff0cbakla<\/em>\u548ctomboy<\/em>\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ecd\u4f4e\u65bcgirl\u548cboy\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6bcf\u6bcf\u8207\u5f8c\u8005\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f8c\u8005\u6240\u4fb7\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u529b\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5728\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d(self)\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u672c\u5730\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u5617\u8a66\u62fc\u6e4a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8f2a\u5ed3\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u537b\u7121\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u5f62\u5bb9\u672c\u571f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u5f62\u8c8c\u53ca\u4fc3\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u96e3\u4ee5\u670d\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8abf\u7c21\u76f4\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u5230\u5929\u99ac\u884c\u7a7a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\uff09\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u9084\u6c92\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u7406\u8ad6\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4ed8\u4e4b\u95d5\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5c1a\u7121\u6cd5\u6349\u6478\u548c\u5340\u5206\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u9748\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u80fd\u7a31\u5b83\u70ba\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6027\u8207\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5efa\u8b70\u904e\uff0c\u628a\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u653e\u5728\u4ecb\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u9593\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f86\u95dc\u7167\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\uff0f\u6027\u9748\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u6700\u6700\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u8207\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6bd4\u8f03\u5207\u5408\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u300c\u5167\u5fc3\u9748\u9b42\u300d\u6982\u5ff5(psychospirituality)\uff1a\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5b83\u7b97\u662f\u500b\u6df7\u96dc\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u591a\u534a\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u64cd\u5c0d\u65bc\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u4e26\u4e0d\u66fe\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u5230\u4f86\u800c\u7a0d\u6e1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684Sikolohiyang Pilipino\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7a31(Tagalog-Filipino\u7684)\u5fc3\u9748\u70bakaluluwa <\/em>[10]<\/strong><\/a> \u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u8457\u548c\u6211\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8eab\u70ba\u5167\u5fc3\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6f70\u760d\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u7576\u5730\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\uff0c\u8aa0\u5982\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u904b\u4f5c\u5730\u751a\u70ba\u602a\u8a95\u3002\u602a\u8a95\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u601d\u60df\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7a2e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u773e\u611f\u77e5\u9818\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u64cd\u4ecd\u7136\u4f54\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u4efd\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5bb6\u5ead\u88e1\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u807d\u5230\u8072\u97f3\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u61c9\u5c0d\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5e36\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u53bb\u898bmangbibilot<\/em>\u6216albularyo<\/em>\u3002<\/em>\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u898b\u5fc3\u7406\u91ab\u5e2b\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8981\u5230\u5f88\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u6703\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u884c\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9084\u4e0d\u66fe\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u5927\u91cf\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u904e\u7a0b(psychiatricization)\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u7576\u5730\u4e0d\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u8b58\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u6c11\u4fd7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u8a5e\u5f59\u6709\u8457\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5728\u81f3\u5c11\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7d66\u4e88\u904e\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u4e00\u5957\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e14\u5927\u9ad4\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u8868\u6f14\u3002\uff08\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5012\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u7570\u8b70\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

Reynaldo Ileto\u548cVicente Rafael\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u672c\u5728\u96d5\u5851\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u5927\u773e\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u300d\u8f2a\u5ed3\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002[11]<\/strong><\/a> \u6211\u8981\u5728\u6b64\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u4e86Ileto\u548cRafael\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u64cd\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u9762\u5411\u5728\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5982Sikolohiyang Pilipino\u548cPilipinohiya\u7b49\u672c\u571f\u610f\u8b58\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b78\u6d3e\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u8aaa\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6216\u5c07\u8981\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u6e21\u6027(provisional)\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\uff08\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u6240\u6975\u529b\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u904e\u6e21\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7e3d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a19\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8981\u597d\u7684\u591a\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5927\u6982\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500bkabaklaan<\/em>\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7c4d\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7136\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u64c1\u62b1Butler\u95dc\u65bc\u985b\u8986\u6027\u64cd\u6f14\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4f86\u70babakla<\/em>\u57f9\u529b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728bakla<\/em>\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u5834\u57df\u2014\u2014\u96fb\u8996\u4e0a\uff0c\u6232\u9662\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591abarangay\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3001Metromanila\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u5340\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u9078\u7f8e\u904a\u884c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c0d\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u548c\u89c0\u773e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u8ae7\u64ec\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u8aaa\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6d6e\u9762\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed4\u7d30\u601d\u8003\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7a0d\u5fae\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5c1a\u5728\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u540c\u5fd7\u6587\u5316\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u8003\u616e\u5230Tagalog-Filipinos\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u690d\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u50cf\u4e00\u7bc7\u7948\u79b1\u6587\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0a\u5c1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u5fc3\u9748\u7cbe\u795e\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5145\u5be6\u98fd\u6eff\u3001\u5167\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u6216kalooban<\/em>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u6027\u617e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7570\u6027\u6200\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff08\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u6210\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6587\u5316\u5c07\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5c11\u6578\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6027\u5012\u932f(inversion)\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u9084\u672a\u807d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6027\u5012\u932f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u8b6c\u55bb\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u770b\u6210\u662f\u300c\u56f0\u5728\u7537\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u88e1\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6027\u5012\u932f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5047\u8a2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5176\u8ec0\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u617e\u671b\u3002\uff09\u800c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u5012\u932f\u548c\u8a8d\u540c\u5012\u932f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6210\u70babakla<\/em>\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u967d\u525b\u7684\u3001\u672a\u53cd\u4e32\u7684\u4f34\u4fb6\u2014\u2014\u6240\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

Kalooban<\/em>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u628a\u8a8d\u540c\u52fe\u52d2\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u548c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u5167\u5728\u6bd4\u5916\u5728\u66f4\u73cd\u8cb4\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c0dbakla<\/em>\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u7537\u6027\u8b8a\u63db\u6210\u5973\u6027\u662f\u85c9\u8457loob<\/em>\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002[12]<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u540c\u6a23\uff0c Loob<\/em>\u4ecd\u7136\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8457\u672c\u5730\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8cb6\u4f4e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u6211\u5916\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5916\u5728\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u662f\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u904epanlabas<\/em>\u7f77\u4e86\u3002<\/em>\u7531\u65bcloob<\/em>\u628a\u617e\u671b\u672c\u8cea\u5316\u70ba\u975e\u7537\u5373\u5973\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7206\u767c\u6216\u555f\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u6307\u6d89\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7537\u5973\u4e26\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u4e4b\u611b\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u3002\uff08\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u8a18\u5f97\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u540c\u5fd7\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0c\u61c9\u662f\u53cd\u5c0dloob<\/em>\uff1b\u8aaa\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u4e9b\uff0c\u662f\u8a34\u8af8\u8868\u9762\u548clabas<\/em>\uff0c\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u904e\u9ad8\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5efa\u69cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u548c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u6700\u8fd1\u8a31\u591a\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u662fbakla<\/em>\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002Tony Perez\u5728\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u300c\u80f3\u80a2\u7aa9\u300d(armpit)\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u8457\u4f5cCubao Pagkagat ng Dilim: Mga Kuwentong Kababalaghan<\/em>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5fc3\u6e34\u671b\u8b8a\u6210\u5973\u6027\u7684bakla<\/em>\uff0c\u5176\u66f2\u6298\u4e14\u5e36\u53cd\u8af7\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba\u201cAng Diwata\u201d<\/em>\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u88e1\uff0c[13]<\/strong><\/a>\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u7d30\u81a9\u7684\u6587\u7b46\u548c\u60b2\u559c\u4ea4\u96c6\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u5a13\u5a13\u9053\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u9078\u7f8e\u6703\u4e0a\u596a\u51a0\u7684\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u7f8e\u5bb9\u5e2b\uff0cFinesse\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u5343\u8f9b\u842c\u82e6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u5834\u6975\u5bcc\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u7368\u767d\u88e1\uff0cFinesse\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5012\u932f\u300d\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u8af7\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5beb\u4f5c\u9019\u4e00\u666f\u6642\uff0cPerez\u5fc5\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6027\u5012\u932f\u4e5f\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5bdf\u89ba\u5230\u6027\u5012\u932f\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8a8d\u540c\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bdf\u89ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u626e\u88dd(pagbabalat-kayo<\/em>)\u53ea\u662f\u7a2e\u300c\u819a\u6dfa\u300d\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5f8c\uff0cFinesse\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u88c1\u6240\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5373Perez\u672c\u4eba\uff09\u58d3\u6291\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6642\u523b\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6562\u66dd\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5e55\u2014\u2014\u7576\u88ab\u67d4\u548c\u71c8\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u7684\u5168\u9ad4\u89c0\u773e\uff0c\u6d78\u6deb\u9676\u9189\u5728Finesse\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u8c8c\u548c\u9b45\u529b\u6642\u2014\u2014\u8b8a\u5f97\u8a8d\u771f\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u65b9\u7269\u7684\u771f\u5973\u4eba\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5c0f\u8aaa\u88e1\u66fe\u65b7\u65b7\u7e8c\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7701\u610f\u8b58(self-reflexive)\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u70ba\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6eff\u8457\u60b2\u559c\u4ea4\u96c6\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\uff08\u8449\u5fb7\u5ba3\u6821\u5c0d\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7531\u9019\u500b\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u6545\u4e8b\u6700\u5f8c\u6d88\u9664\u2014\u2014\u6216\u5426\u8a8d\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u5f91\u7684\u53cd\u8af7\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5f9e\u7cbe\u795e\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u5230\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a8d\u540c\u5230\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8f49\u79fb(teleological shift)\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u96e3\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5c07\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u617e\u671b\u5f9e\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u7684\u684e\u688f\u4e0b\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5728Perez\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u79fb\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u8207\u60c5\u617e\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u5145\u65a5\u5728Perez\u5c0dbabaklaan<\/em>\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u518d\u73fe\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u540cPerez\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4f5c\u54c1Cubao 1980<\/em>\u88e1\u6240\u96b1\u7d04\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\uff0cPerez\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u5012\u932f\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u4ed6\u60f3\u523b\u756b\u8207\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684bakla<\/em>\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u5012\u932f\u3002[14]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u5f88\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8b8a\u88dd\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u53a5\u5982\u6216\u5426\u8a8d\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u617e\u671b\u7d42\u65bc\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u76f4\u4fb7\u9650\u5b83\u7684\u7169\u4eba\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u672c\u5730\u8108\u7d61\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79fb\u8f49\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u9748\u9b42\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u5230\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a8d\u540c\u5230\u884c\u70ba\u2500\u2500\u537b\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u9054\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728Perez\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u79fb\u8f49\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u5145\u65a5\u5728Perez\u5c0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u8005(kabaklaan<\/em>)\u7684\u6587\u672c\u518d\u73fe\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u540cPerez\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4f5c\u54c1Cubao 1980<\/em>\u88e1\u6240\u9810\u793a\u7684\uff0cPerez\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5012\u932f(inversion)\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u63cf\u5beb\u548c\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5012\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5be6\u8aaa\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u90fd\u6703\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7e3d\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u5012\u932f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2500\u2500\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u71b1\u5207\u6d3b\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u9670\u67d4\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d44\u7e54\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9aee\u578b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u548c\u7f8e\u5bb9\u5e2b\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u5fd7\u9078\u7f8e\u8cfd\uff1b\u800c\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u628a\u5012\u932f\u4f9b\u5949\u70ba\u6700\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u300c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u2500\u2500\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u7570\u6027\u6200\u51dd\u8996\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u300c\u5947\u89c0\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u539f\u56e0\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b93\u6211\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8de8\u754c\u8868\u6f14\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8b8a\u88dd\u8868\u6f14\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671fJun Encarnacion\u7684\u83ef\u9e97\u5275\u4f5c\u300c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u540c\u5fd7\u5c0f\u59d0\uff1a\u6700\u7f8e\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u300d\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u7684\u65e5\u5831\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7bc7\u65b0\u805e\u6545\u4e8b\u50c5\u50c5\u8986\u8aa6\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u6587\u5316\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u300c\u53e3\u865f\u300d\u2500\u2500\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u3001\u8b8a\u6027\u3001\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u3001\u628a\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u8005(kabaklaan<\/em>)\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u5f88\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u77fd\u81a0\u4e73\u623f\u548c\u6fc3\u599d\uff0c\u4ee5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6cf3\u88dd\u548c\u665a\u79ae\u670d\u4e0a\u5834\u2026<\/p>\n

\u300c\u5728\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5e7b\u5f71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u300d\u665a\u6703\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7576\u5730\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9152\u5427\u7684\u8ae7\u661f\u3002\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u771f\u4eba\u771f\u4e8b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u2026\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\uff09\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u544a\u8a34\u89c0\u773e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u91ce\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2026\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u5411\u72c2\u71b1\u547c\u558a\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9080\u8acb\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ac3\u4e2d\u7684\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u51fa\u6ac3\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u8072\u547c\u558a\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u5f88\u81ea\u8c6a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300f\u300d\u3002[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\u4e26\u975e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9a5a\u4eba\u4e4b\u8a9e\uff1a\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u807d\u904e\u597d\u5e7e\u767e\u904d\u4e86\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u53cd\u4e32\u300c\u4e0d\u5be6\u300d\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u4ecd\u8a34\u6c42\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u3001\u90a3\u500b\u7d42\u65bc\u7d93\u6b77\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u300c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5922\u60f3\u300d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u5f9e\u5a18\u5a18\u8154(bakla<\/em>)\u6ed1\u5411\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u90a3\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u88abswards<\/em>\u3001<\/em>\u9177\u5152\u5011(badings<\/em>)\u3001<\/em>\u4ee5\u53ca\u904e\u53bb\u751a\u81f3\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u8ffd\u6c42\u904e\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u8b49\u5be6\u75db\u82e6\u7121\u6bd4\u7684\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6(teleology)\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u6295\u64f2\u7d66\u300c\u6ac3\u4e2d\u7687\u540e\u300d\u5011\u7684\u8cac\u5099\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u85c9\u8457\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9078\u7f8e\u6703\u300c\u73fe\u8eab\u300d\u624d\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u547c\u61c9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u8af8\u5982Fritz Ynfante\u3001Orlando Nadres\u548cTony Perez\u7b49\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4e00\u518d\u5ba3\u63da\u7684\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u8a8d\u540c\u6559\u689d[16]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u8f03\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u672c\u5730\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u7ba1\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6709\u4f55\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u5c07\u5f15\u8ff0\u5e7e\u500b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u300c\u8b49\u64da\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u548c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225(transgender)\u8868\u6f14\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u300d(drag)\u6216\u53cd\u4e32\u6709\u8457\u591a\u9ebc\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u6216\u5632\u8af7\u7684\u632a\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u8b8a\u88dd\u7687\u540eBette Bourne\u5728Men in Frocks<\/em>\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8a2a\u554f\u88e1\u63d0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53c3\u52a0\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u89e3\u653e\u9663\u7dda\u7684\u904a\u884c\u884c\u524d\u6703\u6642\uff0c\u8eab\u62ab\u4e00\u8972\u7db4\u6709\u5927\u578b\u8863\u9818\u7684\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u62ab\u80a9\uff0c\u7a7f\u8457\u4e00\u4ef6\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u706b\u7d05\u8272\u4f4e\u80f8\u857e\u7d72\u79ae\u670d\uff0c\u8173\u8e29\u9ad8\u8ddf\u978b\uff0c\u81c9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u756b\u4e86\u6fc3\u599d\u3002\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5167\u5fc3\u537b\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u6a02\u3002\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u967d\u525b\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u7537\u4eba\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u8b8a\u88dd\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e86\u2026\u6211\u65c1\u908a\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u7528\u529b\u7684\u8e0f\u8457\u6b65\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u8072\u7684\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5225\u4eba\u63d2\u5634\u2026\u6b64\u523b\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u8aaa\u8a71\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4ed6\u50be\u807d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u62bd\u8457\u7159\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u5632\u5f04\u4ed6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7a7f\u8457\u5b8c\u5168\u5687\u4f4f\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6642\u6211\u624d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5047\u88dd\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u8b8a\u88dd\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u7684\u5927\u2500\u2500\u800c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u904e\u53bb\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u8a66\u904e\u3002[17]<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u5a46\u300d(radical fems)\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u5047\u88dd\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u53cd\u4e32\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u626e\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u4e32\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u300c\u653e\u68c4\u7537\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u2026\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u7537\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u300e\u7537\u6027\u300f\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u300d\u3002\u64c1\u6709\u7537\u5152\u8eab\u800c\u4e14\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u653e\u68c4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7a7f\u4e0a\u5973\u6027\u670d\u88dd\u7684\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u53cd\u800c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u63db\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u70ba\u985b\u8986\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7537\u6027\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53cd\u4e32\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u88dd\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u6df1\u8655<\/em>\u5f9e\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002\u9019\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8d8a\u754c\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u7537\u6027\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u52a0\u4ee5\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u548c\u8ae7\u64ec\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6311\u91c1\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u6027\u63da\u68c4\u793e\u6703\u5f37\u52a0\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u85c9\u8457\u7a7f\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8863\u7269\u4f86\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u967d\u525b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u8d77\u4f86<\/em>\u9670\u67d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u300d\u7d55\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u5c31\u662f\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u904a\u6232\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u8207\u5f62\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u985b\u5012\u5b83\u5011\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8ffd\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u5a46\u300d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u626e\u88dd\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u8b8a\u88dd(drag)\u548c\u6562\u66dd(camp)\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0b\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5632\u8af7\u53ca\u758f\u96e2\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u7576Butler\u5c07\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u548c\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u64ec\u4eff\u8996\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6027\u5225\u64cd\u6f14\uff0c\u4e26\u63ed\u9732\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u8eab\u5206\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u64cd\u6f14\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u985b\u8986\u8a8d\u540c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6562\u66dd(campiness)\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7537\u540c\u5fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6050\u6015\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u8b80\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8aa4\u8b80\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4f4d\u502b\u6566\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0dBicol\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154(bakla<\/em>)\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4e2d\u6211\u5c07\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u601d\u7d22\u7684\u63f4\u5f15\u4f86\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u5730\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u7576\u90a3\u4f4d\u60f3\u8981\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u672c\u5730\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u4e2d\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5979\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0d\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6587\u5316\u7684\u300c\u8aa4\u8b80\u300d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u900f\u904eButler\u7684\u64cd\u6f14\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u5176\u8cbc\u5207\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u5c07\u85c9\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u9019\u985e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u8aa4\u8b80\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u53cd\u4e32\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5c6c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u9762\u5c0dButler\u5f0f\u7684\u8f15\u7387\u4ecb\u5165\u6642\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6211\u8f03\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u7e3d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300d(doing)\u2500\u2500\u672c\u9ad4\u7e3d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u64cd\u6f14\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7686\u70ba\u771f\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u90a3\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6027(power’s productivity)\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6d1e\u898b\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u65bd\u5c55\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8207\u65e2\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5354\u5546\u2500\u2500\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u7684\u77e9\u9663\u300d(the matrix of intelligibility)\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4f7f\u64cd\u6f14\u5f97\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u300d(structure)\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6703\u56e0\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5730\u57df\u800c\u7570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u6216\u793e\u6703\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u5171\u901a\u7684\u77e9\u9663\uff0c\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u2500\u2500\u6216\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u2500\u2500\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u754f\u61fc\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Fenella Cannell\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u8a31\u591a\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u5a18\u5a18\u8154(bakla<\/em>)\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u300c\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7279\u8cea\u300d(cross-gender homosexuality)\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5979\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u6240\u81f4\u529b\u7684\u5c0d\u300c\u7f8e\u9e97\u300d\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u632a\u7528\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5f0f\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u6216\u8005\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u5247\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3001\u7531\u7537\u5230\u5973\u7684\u6027\u5225\u985b\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u5728\u65bcCannell\u6beb\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u8b9a\u63da\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8de8\u8d8a\u8005\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8868\u6f14\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u4f46\u662fCannell\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u537b\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u8a0e\u4eba\u53ad\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002Cannell\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5c07\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u53cd\u4e32\u8005\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5316\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u53cd\u4e32\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u525b\u525b\u5230\u9054\u6211\u5011\u967d\u5149\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9a5a\u8a1d\u65bc\u672c\u5730\u7684\u53cd\u4e32\u8005\u7adf\u7136\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u6210\u7684 [18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u4e32\u8005\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9032\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8f15\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u5306\u5306\u4e00\u77a5\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5c31\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u5730\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u53cd\u4e32\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6709\u6240\u300c\u5305\u5bb9\u300d\u2500\u2500\u6050\u6015\u4e26\u975e\u4e2d\u80af\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\uff0cCannell\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7be4\u5b9a\u7684\u671f\u671b\u770b\u5230\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u300c\u7570\u5df1\u7684\u5947\u666f\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u5979\u7121\u6cd5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u6fc0\u767c\u7684\u540c\uff0f\u6027\u6200\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u4e14\u958b\u59cb\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0f\u91cd\u7d44\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u5206\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8de8\u8d8a\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u53ea\u662f\u8077\u696d\u6216\u5916\u89c0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u6027\u50be\u5411\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u2500\u2500\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4fdd\u8b49\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6392\u64e0\u6216\u58d3\u8feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u6700\u8fd1\u79fb\u690d\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6027\u8ad6\u8ff0\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u3001\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u5a5a\u59fb\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\u3001\u300c\u611b\u6ecb\u89ba\u9192\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u8457\u91cd\uff08\u7570\u6027\u6200\uff09\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u6cd5\u628a\u88ab\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f8\u5beb\u4e86\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f9e\u672c\u5730\u6027\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u91ab\u5b78\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\uff0f\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u7d93\u7269\u5316\u4e86\u3001\u795e\u7955\u5316\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7d93\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6700\u908a\u9672\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5b83\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5728\u90fd\u6703\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u56db\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u967d\u525b\u5316\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5047\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u6211\u89ba\u5f97Cannell\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\uff08\u9670\u67d4\uff09\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u2500\u2500\u4f46\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u71b1\u5207\u800c\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u2500\u2500\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u5012\u932f\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\u6642\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u6295\u6ce8\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u897f\u65b9\u8a13\u7df4\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u904e\u4e0d\u5728\u5979\u6240\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5979\u6240\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b66\u8a0a\uff0cCannell\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u5979\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u793e\u6703\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u65e9\u5728\u6050\u540c\u75c7\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6050\u9670\u67d4\u75c7(effeminophobia)\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6050\u9670\u67d4\u75c7\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u5225\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7537\u6027\u662f\u5be6\u8e10\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u9670\u67d4\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u627f\u64d4\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u627f\u7e7cButler\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7cbe\u795e\uff0cCannell\u4e00\u5b9a\u89ba\u5f97\u5979\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u53bb\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u3001\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u300d\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u5177\u6709\u985b\u8986\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u5979\u7121\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8853\u9ad8\u5854\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5979\u53ea\u597d\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u653e\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

Cannell\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u64da\u8aaa\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0Bicol\u5340\u8ca7\u6c11\u7684\u300c\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(everyday politics)\u5982\u4f55\u6a21\u4eff\u4e26\u5632\u8af7\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\uff09\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8863\u8457\u3001\u5531\u6b4c\u3001\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cCannell\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u7a2eBicol\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u5f62\u5f0f\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u8aaa\u7b11\u8a71\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u6bd4\u8cfd\u3001\u5230\u9078\u7f8e\u6703\u2500\u2500\u4ee5\u5c55\u73fe\u5979\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u4e2d\u7d93\u9a57\u5230\u300c\u6109\u6085\u300d\uff08\u5168\u90fd\u5beb\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81c9\u4e0a\uff0cCannell\u7684\u4eba\u7a2e\u8a8c\u5f88\u5584\u610f\u7684\u4ee5\u6b64\u666f\u8c61\u958b\u5834\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u300c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u8005\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ab\u6642\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u300e\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u300f\u6574\u5408\u70ba\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u300d\u3002[20]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u4e2d\uff0cCannell\u8a8d\u70baBicol\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u793e\u5340\u7684\u7f8e\u5bb9\u5e2b\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u5316\u8eab\u70ba\u5922\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\uff1b\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9078\u7f8e\u6bd4\u8cfd\u4e2d\u8b8a\u6210\u5167\u5fc3\u6e34\u671b\u505a\u7684\u7f8e\u5973\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u9078\u7f8e\u5728\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u300d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u89c0\u773e\u5011\u4e5f\u6beb\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u65bd\u4e88\u300c\u771f\u5fc3\u7684\u8b9a\u8cde\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

Cannell\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u96d6\u7136\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u96dc\u7a2e\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u2500\u2500\u6a21\u4eff\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u906d\u9047\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u2500\u2500\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u53cd\u5c0d\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u6587\u5316\u96dc\u7a2e\u60c5\u5883\u6642\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u53cd\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u985b\u8986\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cCannell\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230Bicol\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8eab\u8655\u88ab\u618e\u60e1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\u537b\u9084\u80fd\u8f49\u5316\u81ea\u6211\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u653e\u68c4\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u618e\u60e1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1f\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u2500\u2500\u6709\u95dc\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u865b\u69ae\u7684\u60f3\u8981\u8b8a\u6210\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u2500\u2500\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5373\u76f8\u7576\u53ef\u8b70\u3002\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u9084\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u662f\u300c\u6b63\u6e2f\u300d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\u88ab\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u6975\u529b\u60f3\u9054\u5230\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u9078\u7f8e\u8cfd\u548c\u6b4c\u5531\u8cfd\u4e2d\u64d4\u4efb\u8a55\u5be9\u3002\uff09\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5728Cannell\u6574\u500b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u5617\u8a66\u6279\u5224\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u6240\u5632\u5f04\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u529b\u2500\u2500\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u771f\u2500\u2500\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u63a1\u53d6\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5632\u5f04\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u88ab\u771f\u672c\uff0f\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u53e6\u8b80\uff1a\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u5e1d\u570b\u897f\u65b9\u5bb0\u5236\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7121\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5632\u8af7\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5f71\u97ff\u897f\u65b9\u2500\u2500\u53ea\u8981\u897f\u65b9\u6975\u529b\u7dad\u7e6b\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u4ee4\u5176\u7372\u5229\uff08\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u897f\u65b9\u662f\u5f88\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ed6\u570b\u7684\u300c\u5f62\u8c61\u300d\uff1b\u5c31\u6b96\u6c11\u53f2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63a7\u8a34\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u8a66\u8457\u63a9\u98fe\u5e1d\u570b\uff08\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u525d\u524a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cCannell\u5df2\u7d93\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\uff09\u662f\u300c\u5916\u5728\u300d\u65bcBicol\u6587\u5316\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0Bicol\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u500b\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7372\u5f97\u900f\u904e\u300c\u5916\u5a5a\u300d(oxogamous)\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ed4\u7d30\u6aa2\u8996Cannell\u7684\u4eba\u7a2e\u8a8c\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u99ac\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u88ab\u5979\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u6975\u6b32\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u83ef\u9e97\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u897f\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Pefrancia\u540c\u5fd7\u5c0f\u59d0\u9078\u7f8e\u4e2d\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154(bakla<\/em>)\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u597d\u840a\u5862\u7684\u540d\u5973\u661f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u99ac\u5c3c\u62c9\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u96fb\u5f71\u660e\u661f\u548c\u9078\u7f8e\u7687\u540e\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u5411\u5979\u5439\u5653\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u5730Bicol\u4eba\uff0c\u53eb\u505aNora Aunor\uff0c\u8aaa\u5979\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5851\u9020\u6210morena\u6b4c\u8005\u548c\u8d85\u7d1a\u5de8\u661f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u7576\u6210\u6240\u6709Bicol\u4eba\u6a21\u4eff\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u53c3\u7167\u9ede\uff0c\u9664\u975eCannell\u9019\u500b\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u500b\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7121\u540d\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u5c0f\u93ae\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u570b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\u4e4b\u8655\u662f\u5979\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u68c4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u9084\u5f97\u62b1\u6028\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8ddf\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002Cannell\u9078\u64c7\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u8b8a\u8eab\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u5973\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154(bakla<\/em>)\uff0c<\/em>\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u8ca7\u82e6Bicol\u4eba\u2026\u9762\u5c0d\u906d\u9047\u7f8e\u570b\u6587\u5316\u6642\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u300d\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u60f3\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6c61\u6fc1\u3001\u68d5\u8272\u7684Bicol\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u8d85\u7d1a\u4e7e\u6de8\u3001\u96ea\u767d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8b8a\u6027\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002Cannell\u9019\u500b\u985e\u6bd4\u6cd5\u96d6\u7136\u597d\u50cf\u628a\u5a18\u5a18\u8154bakla<\/em>\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u539f\u672c\u628a\u4ed6\u908a\u9672\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u4e2d\u5fc3\u2500\u2500\u4f7f\u5f97\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u770b\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u6587\u5316\u300d\u2500\u2500\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4e5f\u628abakla<\/em>\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8655\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7c21\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u55bb\u800c\u5df2\u3002\uff08\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6697\u793a\u5c07\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u885d\u64ca\u5230\u6211\u5011\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5a18\u5a18\u8154bakla<\/em>\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u6587\u5316\u904e\u4efd\u6392\u64e0\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u53cd\u8f49\u62d3\u6a38\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u628abakla<\/em>\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u6587\u672c\u76f4\u63a5\u7576\u6210\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u985b\u8986\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86bakla<\/em>\u5728\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

Cannell\u628a\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5916\u5728\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fbakla<\/em>\u6240\u4e9f\u6b32\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u7531\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u5916\u5a5a\u300d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u2500\u2500\u7b49\u540c\u65bcBicol\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0cbakla<\/em>\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u7a2e\u6027\u3002\u9019\u500bbakla<\/em>\u4e9f\u6b32\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u300c\u5916\u5728\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4ed6\u5168\u5fc3\u60f3\u8981\u8b8a\u6210\u7684\u5973\u9ad4\u800c\u5df2\u3002\uff08Cannell\u81ea\u5df1\u8a8d\u70babakla<\/em>\u8207\u4ed6\u7537\u4f34\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u6703\u56e0\u5176\u6c92\u6709\u5b50\u5bae\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u751f\u80b2\u5b50\u55e3\u800c\u8499\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c64\u9670\u5f71\u3002\uff09\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u9192Cannell\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70babakla<\/em>\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1a\u4ed6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u3001\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\uff08\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u662f\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u689d\u6279\u8a55\u4e3b\u7dda\u8b93\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0cCannell\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5617\u8a66\u8981\u63cf\u5bebbakla<\/em>\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u529f\u7684\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7121\u7e2b\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5047\u88dd\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u63cf\u5beb\u89c0\u773e\u5c0d\u65bcbakla<\/em>\u9078\u7f8e\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6642\uff0cCannell\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5b57\u5f59\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u807d\u5230\u89c0\u773e\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u8ac7\u5230bakla<\/em>\u7684\u7f8e\u8c8c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u89c0\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u5834\u8868\u6f14\u6700\u611f\u5230\u9707\u64bc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u300c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u81ea\u6b4e\u5f17\u5982\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u300d\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u2026\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9054\u6210\u7f8e\u9e97\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u5606\u7684\u4e8b [21]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207Cannell\u8f03\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u3002\u5979\u4e4b\u524d\u8a8d\u70baBicol\u4eba\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6a21\u4eff\u8868\u6f14\u7d50\u679c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5632\u8af7\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff1a\u300c\uff08\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8868\u6f14\u4e2d\uff09\u300e\u6a21\u4eff\u300f\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3001\u5632\u8af7\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300d\u3002Cannell\u5c0dbakla<\/em>\u7f8e\u8c8c\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u8b9a\u8cde\uff0c\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u904e\u7684Perez\u5728\u5176\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u201dOng Diwata\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230bakla<\/em>\u7684\u5012\u932f\u6642\u6beb\u7121\u5632\u8af7\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8207Perez(\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u662fbakla<\/em>)\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u662f\uff0cCannell\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u500b\u4eba\u6d3b\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5012\u932f\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u628abakla<\/em>\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u5979\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f9e\u51fa\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6771\u65b9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u628abakla<\/em>\u7576\u6210\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u626e\u88dd\u7687\u540e\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u602a\u7269\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\uff08\u5728Bicolandia\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5145\u6eff\u7570\u570b\u60c5\u8abf\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u89c0\u773e\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5f97bakla<\/em>\u7684\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u98a8\u5473(Western-ness)\u5145\u6eff\u5632\u8af7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u592a\u904e\u5947\u89c0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u7af6\u8cfd\u671f\u9593\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cbakla<\/em>\u7684\u5012\u932f\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

bakla<\/em>\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5ee3\u5834\u5927\u71c8\u7184\u6ec5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u5fc3\u300d\u8eab\u5206\u548cbakla<\/em>\u8eab\u5206\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u8ddf\u96a8\u8457\u4ed6\u3002\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5728\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u60f3\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0abakla<\/em>\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8f49\u5316\u4e26\u975e\u5916\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u8b80\u6210\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u9806\u5f9e\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eabloob<\/em>\u4e2d\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u9670\u67d4\u3002\u5373\u4f7fbakla<\/em>\u5728\u516c\u958b\u5834\u5408\u8868\u6f14\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5012\u932f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5012\u932f\u537b\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u88ab\u5167\u5316\u7684\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u5728\u4ed6\u5167\u5fc3\u4e00\u518d\u7684\u6f14\u7df4\u2500\u2500\u9078\u7f8e\u8cfd\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u591c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u751f\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\uff08Butler\u628a\u6027\u5225\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u6f14\u51fa\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8a31\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684bakla<\/em>\u2500\u2500<\/em>\u6216\u8a31\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0aCebuano\u7684bayot<\/em>\u3001Ilonggo\u7684agi<\/em>\u3001\u548cTausug\u7684bantut<\/em>\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u602a\u80ce\u884d\u7570\u7684\u540d\u55ae\u2500\u2500\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u71b1\u5207\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u5973\u6027\u7684\u9670\u67d4\u7f8e\u548c\u5973\u6027\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u71b1\u5207\u8868\u6f14\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u540c\u5fd7\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u5012\u932f\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5c11\u6578\u5316(minoritization of roles)\u812b\u4e0d\u4e86\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7f8e\u9e97\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u9019\u4e9b\u8a8d\u540c\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5438\u5f15\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u967d\u525b\u793e\u6703\u516c\u958b\u5c55\u793a\u3001\u6176\u8cc0\u548c\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u6771\u897f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u9670\u67d4\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u66fe\u88ab\u9019\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u5012\u932f\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u5fb9\u5e95\u5177\u9ad4\u5c55\u73fe\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u6216\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4fb7\u9650\u70ba\u7b49\u540c\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u2500\u2500\u300c\u540c\u300d\u6027\u6200\uff01<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96d6\u7136bakla<\/em>\u5c31\u50cflalake<\/em>\u548c<\/em>babae<\/em>\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c<\/em>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u6f14\u51fa\u6642\u523b\u624d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\u6216\u64cd\u6f14\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u610f\u5716\u2500\u2500\u548cButler\u6240\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6562\u66dd\u76f8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u2500\u2500\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u5632\u8af7\u610f\u5473\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u5716\u7684\u7701\u7565\u2500\u2500\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u62d2\u65a5\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u7684\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u2500\u2500\u624d\u7d42\u7a76\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6216\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u50cfCannell\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u4eba\u7a2e\u8a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u628a\u5979\u7684Bicolano bakla<\/em>\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u975e\u8108\u7d61\u5316(decontextualize)\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u5f9e\u51fa\u7684\u6027\u2215\u5225\u77e9\u9663(sex\/gender matrix)\uff0cCannell\u4e5f\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u6f14\u901a\u901a\u55ae\u8584\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u76f8\uff1a\u5373\u5eb8\u4fd7\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728Cannell\u4ed4\u7d30\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u5316\u8868\u6f14\u6240\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u90fd\u88ab\u6d88\u5f4c\u65bc\u7121\u5f62\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u4e00\u6b21\uff1a\u5851\u9020bakla<\/em>\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ef\u88ab\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u5100\u5f0f\u5167\u6db5\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u985b\u5012\u6216\u5012\u932f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5012\u932f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u4e4e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6216loob<\/em>\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u548c\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f97\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u632a\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u8ad6\u8ff0\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5f0f\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u632a\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u985b\u5012\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u8d77\u898b\uff0cCannell\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u85c9\u8457\u5e36\u51fa\u8f49\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u2500\u2500\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u9ede\u5230\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u2500\u2500\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8feb\u5207\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

Cannell\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u6216\u5c07\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5927\u9858\u610f\u770b\u898b\u2500\u2500\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u770b\u898b\u2500\u2500\u300c\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u8868\u6f14\u5c0d\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u9019\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u65e2\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u89e3\u653e\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6253\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5c31\u50cfCannell\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u548c\u2215\u6216\u8de8\u5728\u5730(trans-local)\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u767d\u4eba\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u8655\u7406\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u300c\u7570\u570b\u300d\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u5c55\u6f14\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7d04\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a71\u771f\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u800c\u975e\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7368\u767d\uff0c\u6211\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\u53cd\u64ca\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u62b1\u6028\u62b1\u6028\uff1a\u8ac7\u5230\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u9022\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u6211\u53bb\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u5728\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u300c\u672c\u5730\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u300d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u770b\u2500\u2500\u7368\u767d\u6050\u6015\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity<\/em> (New York: Routledge, 1990), 24-25<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Judith Butler, Bodies that Matter: On the Discourse Limits of Sex<\/em> (New York: Routledge, 1993). 7.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Butler\u8aaa\uff0c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u60f3\u641c\u5c0b\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u617e\u671b\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5167\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u60f3\u8981\u6aa2\u9a57\u6027\u5225\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u904b\u4f5c\u624d\u662f\u6027\u5225\u5206\u985e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u985e\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u5c64\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Butler, Gender Trouble, <\/em>15 1n 5.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Butler, Gender Trouble,<\/em> 17.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Judith Butler, Critical Queer, in A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies<\/em> (Vol. 1. No. 1): 22.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Judith Butler, Critical Queer<\/em>, 22.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Butler, Gender Trouble,<\/em> 146-147.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Judith Butler, Bodies that Matter<\/em>, 8<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Virgilio G. Enriqez, Pagbabangong-Dangal: Indigenous Psychology and Cultural Empowerment <\/em>(Quezon City: Akademya ng Kultural at Sikolohiyang Fiipino, 1994),3.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\uff1aReynaldo C. Heto. Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910<\/em>. (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1979)\uff1band Vicente L. Rafael, Contracting Colonialism:<\/em> Translation and Conversion in Tagalog Society Under Early Spanish Rule <\/em>(Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1988).<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u6211\u7684Philippine Gay Culture: the Last 30 Year <\/em>(Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1996), 99-107, \u6211\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0dloob<\/em>\u548cbakla<\/em>\u8a8d\u540c\u6709\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Tony Perez, \u201cAng Diwata,\u201d in cubao Pagkagat ng Dilim: Mga Kuwentong Kababalaghan (<\/em>Manila: Cacho Hermanos, 1993), 69-79.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Tony Perez, Cubao 1980:Ang Unang Sigaw ng Gay Liberation Movement sa Pilipinas <\/em>(Manila: Cacho Hermanos, 1992).<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Philippine Daily Inquirer, <\/em>24 January 1994: 9.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u6211Philippine Gay Culture<\/em>\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u95dc\u65bcNadres\u548cPerez\u65e9\u671f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u3002Tony Perez, Cubao 1980:Ang Unang Sigaw ng Gay Liberation Movement sa Pilipinas <\/em>(Manila: Cacho Hermanos, 1992).<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Kris Kirk\u548cEd Heath, \u201cThe Red Drag Queen,\u201d in Coming Out: An Anthology of International Gay and Lesbian Writings,<\/em> ed. Stephan Likosky (New York: Pantheon Books, 1992), 279-286.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u6211\u60f3\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6Nan Golding\u5728\u5979\u62cd\u651d\u95dc\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u300c\u6027\u5225\u985b\u8986\u8005\u300d(gender-benders)\u7684\u7167\u7247\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u5979\u770b\u904e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u300e\u7687\u540e\u300f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u767c\u89ba\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684bakla<\/em>\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u300d\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1Nan Golding\u7684The Other Side<\/em> (New York: Scalo Publishers, 1992),7.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u8b49\u64da\u662f\uff0c\u73fe\u8fd1\u7684bakla<\/em>\u8eab\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u7537\u6027\u5316\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5982Nancy Navalta\u548cEdwin Bayron\u90fd\u986f\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70baCarlo\/Diana\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u7537\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u9109\u9593\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u5973\u5b69\u6276\u990a\u9577\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u7576\u5730\u5a92\u9ad4\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u4f5c\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u602a\u80ce\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u53c3\u95b1\u6211\u5728Slip\/pages: Essays in Philippine Gay Criticism<\/em>\u7684\u201cRedefining Masculinity\u201d.(Manila: De La Salle University Press, 1998).<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u53c3\u95b1Fenella Cannell\u5728Discrepant Histories: Translocal Essays on Filipino Cultures<\/em>\u7684\u201c<\/em>The Power of Appearances: Beauty, Mimicry, and Transformation in Bicol\u201d ed Vicente L. Rafael(Pasig: Anvil Publishing, 1995), 223-258.<\/em><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Cannell, 245.<\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u9019\u662f\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u540c\u5fd7\u5b78\u8005Jose Neil Caba<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[306,138],"class_list":["post-2603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-83","tag-306","tag-138"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2603"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3979,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2603\/revisions\/3979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}