{"id":2612,"date":"2004-11-27T16:50:37","date_gmt":"2004-11-27T08:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2612"},"modified":"2016-12-09T16:58:25","modified_gmt":"2016-12-09T08:58:25","slug":"%e8%b6%85%e8%b6%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e7%96%86%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1%e8%a8%82%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2004\/11\/%e8%b6%85%e8%b6%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e7%96%86%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1%e8%a8%82%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7586\u754c\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff08\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6821\u8a02\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2613\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2613\" style=\"width: 436px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2613\" src=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/20041126-17-Jamison-Anne.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/20041126-17-Jamison-Anne.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/20041126-17-Jamison-Anne-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/20041126-17-Jamison-Anne-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/20041126-17-Jamison-Anne-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2613\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">DCF 1.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\uff08\u9019\u662f2004\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5b78\u8005Jamison Green\u4f86\u53f0\u53c3\u8207\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/conference\/super-SlimConferences\/06\/index.html\">\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\u8d85\u8584\u578b\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703<\/a>\u6642\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u7531\u6797\u6bd3\u51f1\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6821\u8a02\uff09\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u8eab\u9ad4\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u5225\u662f\u88ab\u8eab\u9ad4\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\uff08sex\uff0c\u7537\u6216\u5973\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\uff08gender\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u548c\u4ee5\u6b64\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u8207\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u548c\u90a3\u500b\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u5b8c\u7f8e\u914d\u5408\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u4e0a\u537b\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u90a3\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u642d\u914d\u7684\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u6211\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08transgender\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u9810\u8a2d\u4f5c\u6897\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904d\u4f48\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u89e3\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u5225\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u9810\u8a2d\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5982\u4f55\u69cb\u7bc9\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72f9\u9698\u9810\u8a2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u66f4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u5916\u8c8c\u4e0a\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u614b\u3001\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\uff08sex\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u8eab\u9ad4\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7bc4\u7587\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u4f86\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u61c9\u8a72\u6b78\u5c6c\u54ea\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5340\u5206\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3001\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684H\u2013Y\u6297\u539f\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u7dda\u7d44\u7e54\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u5011\u9047\u5230\u88ab\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u9670\u967d\u96d9\u6027\u300d\uff08intersex\uff09\uff08Dreger, 1998 and 1999\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53c3\u8003\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9670\u967d\u96d9\u6027\u6027\u5fb5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u5225\u7684\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u3001Kleinfelter\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u3001\u7537\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u8981\u8b1b\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08transgender\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5098\u72c0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u3001\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\uff08\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u751f\u7406\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0a\u50be\u5411\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u7bc4\u7587\u76f8\u53cd\uff0f\u76f8\u7570\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u7279\u5225\u60f3\u8a0e\u8ad6\u67d0\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u754c\u7dda\u3001\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u5fb5\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7586\u754c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6027\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8ce6\u4e88\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u8209\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u822c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u8209\u6b62\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u7684\uff08masculine\uff09\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7684\uff08feminine\uff09\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9ad8\u55d3\u97f3\u8996\u70ba\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f4e\u55d3\u97f3\u8996\u70ba\u7537\u6027\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5c07\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\u2500\u2500\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u624b\u6307\u9032\u884c\u7cbe\u5de7\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u2500\u2500\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u9700\u8981\u883b\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u7537\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u611f\u77e5\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u8cea\u3001\u7279\u5fb5\u6216\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6027\u5225\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08interactive 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Cameron\u751f\u65bc1959\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u300b\uff08<em>Body Alchemy<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u62111988\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684FTM\u53cb\u597d\u5718\u9ad4\u805a\u6703\u4e0a\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u4ed612\u6b73\u4f4f\u5728\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u6642\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u807d\u5230\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5c0dLoren\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u611f\u5230\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u617e\u671b\u5973\u4eba\u4e26\u4e14\u8e0f\u5165\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8611\u5e74\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u9031\u906d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u610f\u8b58\u537b\u4ee4\u4ed6\u58d3\u6291\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u7537\u6027\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f37\u5927\u5230\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u898b\u9762\u6642\u662f\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53c3\u52a0\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u7528\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e86\u89e3\u672c\u5730\u6709\u4f55\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u805a\u6703\u4e2d\u7d50\u4ea4\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff1a\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u4eba\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u7b49\u7b49\u5730\u5340\u9060\u5ea6\u91cd\u6d0b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53ebKim\u7684\u4e9e\u88d4\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08\u751f\u65bc1957\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e1979\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u751f\u6d3b\u3002Kim\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e74\u8f15\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u53ca\u65e9\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\u4ed6\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u9010\u6f38\u6d3b\u51fa\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6FTM\u4e00\u6a23\u4f9d\u6200\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u6216\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u95dc\u5fc3\u5a66\u5973\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4ea2\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u9084\u7d50\u8b58\u4e86Blake\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u624d\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u91ab\u751f\u63a8\u85a6\u4ed6\u4f86\u805a\u6703\u597d\u7d50\u8b58\u5176\u4ed6\u7684FTM\u4f5c\u70ba\u652f\u63f4\u3002Blake\u5f9e\u7ae5\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5805\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e09\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\u66fe\u6307\u63a7\u7236\u6bcd\u5077\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u5668\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u4e5f\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u6642\u9593\u5c0b\u627e\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u7236\u6bcd\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u6027\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u4ed6\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6642\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u6700\u597d\u5b89\u5206\u5b88\u5df1\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u4e0d\u8868\u73fe\u597d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u5c0d\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u537b\u7d66\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u64c1\u6709\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u8ec0\u4f46\u537b\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u986f\u7136\u4e0b\u5834\u5f88\u6158\u3002\u96d6\u7136Blake\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6200\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7570\u6027\u6200\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u591a\u5c11\u90fd\u5c0d\u90a3\u64c1\u6709\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7537\u53cb\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4f46Blake\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u642c\u5230\u52a0\u5dde\uff0c\u96b1\u8eab\u5728\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u878d\u5165\u4e26\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u537b\u722d\u53d6\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u96e2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08separatist\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ddf\u6211\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u7d50\u4ea4\u7537\u6027\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6216\u7570\u6027\u6200\u90fd\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Blake\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9019\u8f29\u5b50\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u653e\u932f\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u5973\u6027\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u7537\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u53bb\u8ac7\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6211\u85c9\u8457\u5c0b\u627e\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u4f4e\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6709\u5229\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u59a8\u7919\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981Blake\u4e0d\u8655\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u7a69\u7684\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u6297\u8b70\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\u4fb7\u9650\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u61c9\u8a72\u8aa0\u5be6\u5c0d\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u300c\u80cc\u53db\u59ca\u59b9\u3001\u51fa\u8ce3\u59ca\u59b9\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u300c\u6211\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u88ab\u4eba\u5bb6\u7a31\u70ba\u300e\u5148\u751f\u300f\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u8981\u634d\u885b\u6211\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u662f\u7cfe\u6b63\u5225\u4eba\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4f7f\u5f97Blake\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u9a37\u64fe\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u4e2d\u3002\u300c\u6211\u5f88\u8a0e\u53ad\u8def\u4eba\u53eb\u6211\u300e\u7537\u5973\u4eba\u300f\uff08he-she\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5927\u767c\u813e\u6c23\u5411\u6211\u53eb\u56c2\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u4f60\u662f\u500b\u7537\u7684\u54a7\uff01\u50cf\u59b3\u9019\u7a2e\u50a2\u4f19\u5982\u679c\u722c\u5230\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u59b3\u8001\u516c\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u60f3\u554a\uff1f\u300f\u300d<\/p>\n<p>Blake\u4e00\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c<strong>\u300c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5225\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u617e\u671b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u300e\u8b8a\u6210\u7537\u4eba\u300f\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u300e\u4e0d\u88ab\u770b\u898b\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u88ab\u88dd\u9032\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u8ec0\u3002\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff01\u300d\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u544a\u8a34\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u6015\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u6bba\u4e86\u6211\uff01\u300d\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u6211\u9010\u6f38\u89ba\u609f\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u544a\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u751f\u6d3b\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u6bcf\u4e00\u5206\u9418\u90fd\u8b1b\u8ff0\u6211\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u5e36\u8457\u61a4\u6012\u6216\u4e0d\u8010\u800c\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u8aa0\u5be6\u7684\u8868\u9054\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5225\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u548c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u5982\u679c\u6211\u80fd\u9019\u6a23\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u80fd\u8b93\u5225\u7684\u548c\u6211\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5171\u540c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u90a3\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7522\u751f\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90a3\u500bFTM\u652f\u63f4\u5718\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6301\u7e8c\u7d50\u8b58\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u3001\u7336\u8c6b\u7684\u3001\u5805\u5f37\u7684\u3001\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u3001\u8070\u660e\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5275\u610f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u53c3\u52a0\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5c0b\u6c42\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u7d93\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5b89\uff1b\u4f46\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u3001\u7368\u7279\u800c\u512a\u7570\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stephan Thorne\u751f\u65bc1954\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u5927\u7d50\u5be6\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u5317\u6b50\u4eba\u7684\u8b66\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed61993\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6027\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e9\u57281992\u5e74\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u904e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u8a18\u61b6\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u4e0d\u65b7\u8868\u9054\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c17\u6b72\u6642\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8a31\u53ef\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90a3\u6642\u4ed6\u525b\u597d\u4e5f\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stephan\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u6642\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u7537\u4eba\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53ea\u62ff\u5230\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u611b\u6200\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u64c1\u6709\u7537\u4eba\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u505a\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u904e\u4e8620\u5e74\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u50cf\u6211\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cStephan\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u3001\u4e2d\u671f\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5bb6\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u751f\u6daf\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u9806\u5fc3\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u65b0\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7576\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u9010\u6f38\u7a69\u5b9a\u6210\u70ba\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\u5f8c\uff0cStephan\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u5167\u7701\uff0c\u88ab\u58d3\u6291\u4e86\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u65cb\u5f8b\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8abf\u4e0b\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u541f\u5531\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u526f\u6b4c\u3002\u800c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cStephan\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500b\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u50b2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u800c\u5f88\u96e3\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u6211\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u662f\u5973\u8eab\u7537\u76f8\u6642\u5c31\u5927\u611f\u5641\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u61c9\u8b93\u6211\u842c\u5206\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u5979\u5011\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b64\u7acb\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u9677\u5165\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u6211\u7c21\u76f4\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u7576\u6211\u5011\u662f\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u7570\u4efd\u5b50\uff08gender-variant\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6642\u5e38\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u6211\u5011FTM\u805a\u6703\u6642\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e3b\u984c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u529b\u91cf\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff1f\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7372\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u7167\u8b77\uff1f\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u5c08\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Jeff\u662f\u500b\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u89aa\u621a\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u800c\u5ef6\u9072\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u76f4\u523043\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff081994\uff09\u624d\u9032\u884c\u8b8a\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6027\u5f8c\u624d\u89ba\u609f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5927\u6982\u5f9e13\u6b72\u5c31\u6c88\u7761\u4e86\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8b8a\u4e86\u6027\u624d\u5f9e\u7761\u5922\u4e2d\u9192\u4f86\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u9192\u4f86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u52aa\u529b\u5c0b\u56de\u7576\u5e74\u6c88\u7761\u524d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u4eba\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u6162\u6162\u7d93\u6b77\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7136\u5f8c\u9577\u6210\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u90a340\u6b72\u7684\u8001\u9748\u9b42\u537b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>Jeff 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Harold Gillies\u628a\u9019\u500b\u300c\u8179\u7ba1\u300d\uff08abdominal tube\uff09\u6280\u8853\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u70baMichael Dillon\u7684\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u75c5\u60a3\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5973\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u8179\u90e8\u76ae\u819a\u6372\u6210\u7ba1\u72c0\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u5916\u5782\u7684\u9b06\u8edf\u5668\u5b98\uff08Gillies\u00a0 and Harrison\uff0c1948\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u9670\u8396\u91cd\u5efa\u624b\u8853\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u76ae\u819a\u79fb\u690d\u624b\u8853\u300d\uff08FTFT\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5f35\u91ab\u5e2b\uff08Drs. T. S. Chang\uff09\u548c\u9ec3\u91ab\u5e2b\uff08Dr. W. Y. Hwang\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u662f\u56e0\u70ba1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u9023\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u8840\u7ba1\uff08\u63a5\u5408\u624b\u8853\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u85dd\u8853\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u5f9e\u4e0a\u81c2\u6216\u5927\u817f\u90e8\u4f4d\u5207\u53d6\u4e00\u584a\u808c\u819a\u6216\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u539f\u672c\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u8840\u7ba1\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u6027\u5668\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u8840\u7ba1\u5247\u4ee5\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u624b\u8853\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u9670\u90e8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u624b\u81c2\u4e0a\u7684\u81c2\u72c0\u795e\u7d93\u88ab\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u9670\u90e8\u795e\u7d93\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u6311\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u795e\u7d93\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9670\u8482\u982d\u4e5f\u88ab\u79fb\u958b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u4f9b\u9670\u90e8\u795e\u7d93\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u611f\u89ba\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u6210\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5668\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u690d\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u52c3\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u690d\u5165\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4ecd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u9ad4\u5167\u9ad4\u5916\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u7834\u88c2\uff08\u7a81\u8d77\u548c\u51f9\u9677\uff09\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3002\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u690d\u5165\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u5668\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5916\u7269\u4f86\u652f\u6490\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9054\u5230\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u53ef\u80fd\u5916\u89c0\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9670\u8396\u91cd\u5efa\u624b\u8853\u5728\u9670\u8396\u982d\u7684\u5851\u578b\u4e0a\u4ecd\u6709\u6539\u5584\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5df2\u7d93\u514b\u670d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u8377\u862d\u548c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u7b49\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u5df2\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u61c9\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8853\u5f8c\u7684\u7167\u8b77\u4e5f\u8f03\u70ba\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u91ab\u5e2b\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u7de9\u548c\u7684\u75ca\u7652\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u807d\u8aaa\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u63a5\u5408\u624b\u8853\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u671f\u9593\u80fd\u5920\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d44\u7e54\u76ae\u819a\u79fb\u690d\u624b\u8853\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u624b\u8853\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u60c5\u6311\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4e26\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u6b63\u5e38\u9670\u8396\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u4fdd\u6301\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08Hage\uff0c1992\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u8853\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff08\u79fb\u690d\u808c\u8089\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u624b\u81c2\u6216\u5927\u817f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u795e\u7d93\u53d7\u50b7\uff1b\u9670\u90e8\u795e\u7d93\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5668\u5b98\u7121\u77e5\u89ba\uff1b\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u8089\u8396\u53ef\u80fd\u58de\u6b7b\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u80fd\uff08\u906d\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u624b\u3001\u624b\u81c2\u6216\u817f\u90e8\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u5f48\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u52d5\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8b8a\u5f62\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u8853\u4fee\u88dc\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u5c3f\u9053\u7684\u763a\u7ba1\u548c\u72f9\u7a84\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u9084\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u900f\u904e\u652f\u6490\u6216\u79fb\u690d\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u6216\u7dad\u7e6b\u52c3\u8d77\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u7559\u4e0b\u5de8\u5927\u75a4\u75d5\uff1b\u7642\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9189\u6cbb\u7642\uff1b\u624b\u8853\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u76e1\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u5668\u90e8\u4f4d\u611f\u5230\u5287\u70c8\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u9577\u671f\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u958b\u5200\u90e8\u4f4d\u5f88\u5927\u6216\u6062\u5fa9\u671f\u7121\u6cd5\u4eab\u53d7\u7121\u83cc\u75c5\u623f\u6216\u8b77\u7406\u7167\u9867\u6642\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u5c31\u5927\u70ba\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b8a\u6027\u7537\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u76ae\u819a\u79fb\u690d\u624b\u8853\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u6602\u8cb4\uff0c\u5f9e\u5169\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u7f8e\u91d1\u5230\u56db\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6578\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u5e74\u7684\u7642\u990a\u8cbb\u7528\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u6574\u5f62\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u7e3d\u984d\u5e38\u5e38\u9ad8\u9054\u5341\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u6500\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b8a\u6027\u7537\u4eba\u6bd4\u7121\u9670\u8396\u7537\u6027\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u9670\u8482\u3002\u8377\u862d\u7684E. G. Bouman\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684Donald R. Laub, 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G.J., and Ehrlich, R. (1999). \u201cA New Technique for Correction of the Hidden Penis in Adults and Children.\u201d <em>Journal of Urology<\/em>, Vol. 161, No. 455.<\/p>\n<p>Cameron, L. (1996). <em>Body Alchemy: Transsexual Portraits<\/em>.\u00a0 San Francisco: Cleis Press.<\/p>\n<p>Cameron, L. (2001).\u00a0 <em>Man Tool: The Nuts &amp; Bolts of Female-To-Male Surgery<\/em>.\u00a0 E-book: www.lorencameron.com.<\/p>\n<p>Cromwell, J. (1999).\u00a0 <em>Transmen &amp; FTMs: Identities, Bodies, Genders, and Sexualities<\/em>. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.<\/p>\n<p>Dreger, A.D. (1998). <em>Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex<\/em>.\u00a0 Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Dreger, A.D. (1999).\u00a0 <em>Intersex in the Age of Ethics<\/em>.\u00a0 Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group.<\/p>\n<p>Gillies, H., and Harrison, R.J. (1948).\u00a0 \u201cCongenital absence of the penis with embryological considerations.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 <em>British Journal of Plastic Surgery<\/em>, Vol. 1, No. 8.<\/p>\n<p>Gooren, L.J.G. (1999).\u00a0 \u201cHormonal Sex Reassignment.\u201d <em>International Journal of Transgenderism<\/em>, IJT 3,3. http:\/\/www.symposion.com\/ijt990301.htm<\/p>\n<p>Green, J. (2004).\u00a0 <em>Becoming a Visible Man.\u00a0 Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Groopman, J. (2002, 29 July). \u201cHormones for Men: Is male menopause a question of medicine or marketing?\u201d <em>The New Yorker<\/em>, 34-38.<\/p>\n<p>Hage, J.J. (1992). <em>From Peniplastica Totalis to Reassignment Surgery of the External Genitalia in Female-to-Male Transsexuals<\/em>.\u00a0 Amsterdam: VU University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Hage, J.J., Bloem, J.J.A.M., and Suliman, H.M., (1993, October) \u201cReview of the Literature on Techniques for Phalloplasty with Emphasis on the Applicability in Female-to-Male Transsexuals.\u201d <em>The Journal of Urology<\/em>, Vol 150, 1093-1098.<\/p>\n<p>Kotula, D. (2002).\u00a0 <em>The Phallus Palace: Female to Male Transsexuals<\/em>. Los Angeles: Alyson Publications.<\/p>\n<p>Marini, R.A. (2003, January).\u00a0 \u201cNew, Improved You: Plastic surgery is no longer the domain of the girls\u2019 club.\u201d <em>American Way<\/em><em> Magazine<\/em>, 38-43.<\/p>\n<p>Meyerowitz, J. (2002).\u00a0 <em>How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexualism in the United States.<\/em> Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Middlebrook, D.W. (1997).\u00a0 <em>Suits Me: The Double Life of Billy Tipton<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Houghton-Mifflin.<\/p>\n<p>Silver, R.I. (2000).\u00a0 \u201cMicropenis.\u201d <em>5 Minute Urology Consult<\/em>, Gomella. L (Ed.) Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.<\/p>\n<p>Westphal, S.P. (2002, 14 September). \u201cPersonal body part grown in a dish.\u201d <em>New Scientist<\/em>.\u00a0 Details of the work reported in this article were to be published in <em>The Journal of Urology<\/em>, October 2002.<\/p>\n<p>Whittle, S. (2002).\u00a0 <em>Respect and Equality: transsexual and transgender rights<\/em>. London: Cavendish Publishing Limited.<\/p>\n<p>Yusefi, M. (2000).\u00a0 \u201cA Mother Takes on the Ayatollah.\u201d\u00a0 <em>The Gully.<\/em> http:\/\/www.thegully.com\/essays\/iran\/001113ayatollah.html.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"url2612\" class=\"posturl\" value=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2004\/11\/%e8%b6%85%e8%b6%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e7%96%86%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1%e8%a8%82%ef%bc%89\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"com2612\" class=\"postcom\" value=\"0\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u9019\u662f2004\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5b78\u8005J<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[403,138,268],"class_list":["post-2612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-83","tag-403","tag-138","tag-268"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2612\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}