{"id":2951,"date":"2001-09-15T00:42:57","date_gmt":"2001-09-14T16:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=2951"},"modified":"2016-12-30T22:47:40","modified_gmt":"2016-12-30T14:47:40","slug":"%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e9%ab%94%e3%80%8d%e7%8f%be%ef%bc%9a%e6%89%93%e9%80%a0%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2001\/09\/%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e9%ab%94%e3%80%8d%e7%8f%be%ef%bc%9a%e6%89%93%e9%80%a0%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\uff1a\u6253\u9020\u8de8\u6027\u5225"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\uff08\u672c\u6587\u65bc2001\u5e749\u670815-16\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u58e2\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u300c\u56db\u6027\u300d\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703<\/a>\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u4e26\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u540c\u5e7411\u670816-17\u65e5\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u300c\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u7b2c46\u671f\uff082002\u5e746\u6708\uff09\uff1a1-44\u3002\u6536\u5165\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u5225<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2002\u5e74\u30021-48\u3002\u540c\u6642\u6536\u5165\u300a\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u53e4\u5b78\u658c\u3001\u674e\u660e\u7428\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\u5e74\u3002209-244\u3002\u518d\u6536\u5165\u300a\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u793e\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u8207\u540c\u5fd7\u8b80\u672c05\uff0c\u6731\u5049\u8aa0\u7de8\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u3002133-172\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u78ba\u5207\u9801\u78bc\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u770b\u4e0b\u65b9pdf\u9644\u6a94\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/strong> [1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/strong>\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5617\u8a66\u5177\u9ad4\u8a18\u9304\u53f0\u7063\u67d0\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u5167\u7a4d\u6975\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u69cb\u7bc9\u4e26\u7ba1\u7406\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u986f\u793a\u53f0\u7063\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff08the specificity of transgender existence\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4fb7\u9650\u6642\u6240\u5404\u81ea\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u9ad4\u578b\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5b58\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u6642\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u60f3\u63a2\u7a76\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u65a1\u65cb\u69cb\u7bc9\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u6642\u6240\u9010\u6f38\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u8a8d\u540c\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u65e5\u5fa9\u4e00\u65e5\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u6298\u5c04\u300c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u542b\u610f\u548c\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6295\u4e0b\u4f55\u7a2e\u503c\u5f97\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff08transgender\uff09\u8ad6\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u9806\u8457\u5169\u689d\u767c\u8a00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fe5\u7570\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u6b0a\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u81ea\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b64\u985e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ee5\u5c08\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3001\u5206\u985e\u3001\u5fb5\u5146\u3001\u8a3a\u65b7\u3001\u8655\u7f6e\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e26\u7d00\u9304\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u767c\u5c55\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u56fa\u7136\u56e0\u5176\u5c08\u696d\u6b0a\u5a01\u800c\u7d66\u4e88\u908a\u7de3\u5947\u89c0\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c11\u6578\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7406\u6027\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\uff0f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e86\uff0f\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u529b\u5834\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\uff09\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u56b4\u53b2\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6700\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u548c\u8a72\u689d\u8ef8\u7dda\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u773c\u754c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u8b8a\u6027\u805e\u540d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005Janice Raymond\u4fbf\u4ee5\u300a\u8b8a\u6027\u5e1d\u570b\u300b\uff08The Transsexual Empire<\/em>, 1979, 1994\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u6279\u5224\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u628a\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u617e\u671b\u7576\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u624b\u8853\u8f15\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u969c\u7919\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u6b64\u617e\u671b\u4e2d\u770b\u898b\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u611f\u53d7\u4fb7\u4fc3\u9650\u5236\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u53cd\u800c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u978f\u56fa\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u8b8a\u6027\u904e\u7a0b\u524d\u5f8c\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u8853\u8005\u5168\u9762\u8868\u73fe\u9069\u61c9\u4e26\u64c1\u62b1\u523b\u677f\u7684\u7570\u6027\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u7372\u5229\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6253\u64ca\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\u60f3\u8981\u6839\u9664\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6027\u5225\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\uff08xxi\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u540c\u6a23\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5426\u8a8d\u4e86\u8b8a\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u500b\u5225\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70baRaymond\u5805\u6301\u751f\u70ba\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6709\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8b8a\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8b8a\u6027\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u5979\u5f37\u8abf\u8b8a\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u529b\u91cf\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u98a8\u683c\u591a\u904e\u5be6\u8cea\u300d\uff08xxxv\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u8def\u6578\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e5f\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u628a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u88ab\u5404\u7a2e\u529b\u91cf\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u6d88\u6975\u88ab\u52d5\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5200\u4e0b\u6b82\uff0c\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f2\u5f9e\u8005\uff0c\u9670\u967d\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u904b\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u610f\u5916\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8ef8\u7dda\u5247\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\uff08\u5f9eLeslie Feinberg\u5230Riki Anne Wilchins\u5230Kate Bornstein\u5230Jamison Green\u5230Stephen Whittle\uff09\u51fa\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u6587\u5316\uff0f\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6027\u5225\u6b8a\u7570\uff08gender variance\uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8ecc\u8de1\u3001\u60b2\u58ef\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u591a\u6a23\u9762\u8c8c\u3001\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u985b\u8986\u6027\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u62d2\u7d55\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5206\u985e\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8eab\u9ad4\u62d2\u7d55\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\uff0c\u66f4\u6176\u8b9a\u6027\u5225\u7570\u985e\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u591a\u5143\uff08gender\/sexual diversity\uff09\u5f88\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0f\u6311\u9017\u4e86\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u9ad4\u5236\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u63a5\u5408\u4e86\u5176\u6d6e\u73fe\u6642\u523b\u7e08\u7e5e\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u9177\u5152\u8ad6\u8ff0\u9032\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5145\u6eff\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7570\u8cea\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u4eba\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6f38\u6b21\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8207\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u7a4d\u7d2f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6216\u7dca\u5f35\u6216\u4e92\u76f8\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c16\u92b3\u6297\u722d\u7684\u5834\u57df\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a1\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u8ef8\u7dda\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u773c\u4e0b\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u6df1\u5ea6\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5177\u9ad4\u8a18\u9304\u53f0\u7063\u67d0\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u7a4d\u6975\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u4ee5\u65a1\u65cb\u4e26\u69cb\u7bc9\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u8a8d\u540c [2]<\/a><\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\u986f\u793a\u53f0\u7063\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff08the specificity of Taiwanese transgender existence\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4fb7\u9650\u6642\u6240\u5404\u81ea\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u60f3\u63a2\u7a76\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u69cb\u7bc9\u7ba1\u7406\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u6642\u6240\u9010\u6f38\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6b63\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6295\u4e0b\u503c\u5f97\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08sexual dimorphism\uff09\u7684\u5e7d\u9748<\/strong>[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5145\u65a5\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u901a\u884c\u8b49\u2026\u2026\u2500\u2500Mike Featherstone<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gilbert Herdt\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u4e8c\u5143\u5206\u969b\uff08dimorphism was an invention of modernism\uff09\u300d\uff081993: 26\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e14\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5176\u6e90\u982d\u5230\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u300c\u5929\u64c7\u8ad6\u300d\uff08natural selection\uff09\u628a\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff09\u51f8\u986f\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u529f\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5167\u5728\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u9ad8\u8209\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u69cb\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u5085\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault\uff09\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u65e9\u6642\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u572818\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\u9084\u9700\u8981\u85c9\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u5178\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u689d\u5f8b\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u6027\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u84ec\u52c3\u958b\u5c55\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e8c\u5143\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5a5a\u59fb\u5167\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u529f\u80fd\u4f86\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u7576\u751f\u6b96\u529f\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u552f\u6709\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u91ce\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u56b4\u8b39\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e5f\u96a8\u5373\u2500\u2500\u5f88\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u2500\u2500\u88ab\u300c\u7e41\u6b96\u300d\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u300c\u8b8a\u614b\uff0f\u75c5\u614b\u300d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u65bc\u7109\u300c\u8a95\u751f\u300d\uff08Foucault 1978: 37-39\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0Mike Featherstone\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5012\u662f\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u610f\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6d3b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3001\u964c\u751f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u964c\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u76f8\u9022\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fa8\u8b58\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u66ab\u98db\u901d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u52d5\u54e1\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u5982\u8840\u7de3\u3001\u5730\u57df\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u9023\u7d50\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u624d\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u6d89\uff08signifying\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u4ed6\u4eba\u6642\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u800c\u7576\u4ee3\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u91cf\u95b1\u8b80\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u2500\u2500\u7279\u5225\u7576\u9019\u500b\u95b1\u8b80\u53c8\u5145\u5206\u7684\u88ab\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6240\u6ef2\u900f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6642\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\u6703\u5f37\u5316\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7126\u616e\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002\uff08\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4f86\u92ea\u9673\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u53ea\u60f3\u7d04\u7565\u8ac7\u8ac7\u5728\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u6478\u7d22\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6027\u5b78\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u5b78\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5e7e\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u4f86\u628a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u7570\u300d\u91ab\u7642\u5316\uff0f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\uff08medicalization of gender diversity\uff09\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u767c\u660e\u5404\u7a2e\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u548c\u547d\u540d\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u6027\u5225\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u95dc\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u6027\u5225\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\uff084\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u8861\u91cf\u7537\u6027\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6e2c\u9a57\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\uff085\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u8a3a\u7642\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\uff08Irvine, 1990: 230-278\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u7570\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u985e\u9700\u6c42\u300c\u751f\u7522\u300d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u6027\u5b78\u539f\u672c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5340\u5206\u6027\u5225\u8207\u6027\u9019\u5169\u689d\u8ef8\u7dda\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u4ea4\u6703\uff0f\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u65e9\u6709\u95dc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u6709\u95dc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u300c\u6027\u6b8a\u7570\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u300d\u904e\u7a0b\uff08medicalization of the sexually particular\uff09\uff08Foucault, 1978: 44\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u7684Karl Heinrich Ulrichs\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684Magnus Hirschfeld\uff0c\u6027\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7570\u6027\u6200\u751f\u6b96\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u7570\u5316\u7d04\u70ba\u6027\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u5168\u90fd\u7576\u6210\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u901a\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6027\u5012\u932f\u300d\uff08inverts\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u90e8\u4efd\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u5c0d\u7570\u6027\u8863\u7269\u7684\u300c\u6200\u7269\u300d\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86Havelock Ellis\u5247\u4ee5eonism\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u6613\u88dd\u7656\u300d\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u300c\u5012\u932f\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u8b93\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8207\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

1950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6cbb\u7642\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u904b\u7528\u4f86\u91cd\u6574\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u8a34\u6c42\u624b\u8853\u7684\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u300d\uff08transsexual\uff09\u56e0\u8457\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u95dc\u6ce8\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u7ac4\u5347\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8fad\u5f59\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8207\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u300d\uff08transvestite\uff09\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u30021966\u5e74\u73ed\u5091\u660e\uff08Harry Benjamin\uff09\u91ab\u5e2b\u516c\u958b\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u91cd\u6574\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6709\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u624b\u8853\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8655\u5883\u53ca\u76f8\u61c9\u800c\u751f\u7684\u7126\u616e\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u57281966\u52301969\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u5e74\u9593\u51fa\u7248\uff1aHarry Benjamin\u7684Transsexual Phenomenon <\/em>(1966)\uff0cRobert J. Stoller\u7684Sex and Gender<\/em> (1968)\uff0cRichard Green & John Money\u7684Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment<\/em> (1969)\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0d\u65e9\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4f46\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u548c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08gender\uff09\u666e\u53ca\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5f8c\u4f86\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u632a\u7528\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u7570\u9010\u6f38\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5176\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u30021965\u5e74Johns Hopkins\u5927\u5b78\u9996\u5148\u8a2d\u7acb\u300c\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u8a3a\u6240\u300d\uff0c1977\u5e74\u300c\u73ed\u5091\u660e\u570b\u969b\u6027\u5225\u7126\u616e\u5354\u6703\u300d\uff08Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u9010\u6b65\u628a\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u91ab\u7642\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u722d\u53d6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u300d\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u84cb\u904e\u4e86\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u300d\uff08\u6613\u88dd\u7656\uff09\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e8640\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u8a3a\u6240\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\u7576\u6642\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518aIII\u300b\u5728\u522a\u9664\u540c\u6027\u6200\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a2d\u7acb\u300c\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u969c\u7919\u300d\uff08gender identity disorders\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7bc4\u7587\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u628a\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u6210\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\u75c5\u75c7\uff0c[4]<\/strong><\/a> \u300c\u6027\u5225\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u300d\uff08gender dysphoria\uff09\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u65b0\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6bd4\u8f03\u665a\u671f\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u5b78\u5206\u985e\u5982\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5ea7\u6a19\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u986f\u7136\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8c\u5143\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4ecd\u7136\u5e38\u5e38\u501a\u8cf4\u300c\u7537\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5973\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8a9e\u8a5e\uff08Califia, 1997: 11-17\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u7e41\u8907\u591a\u6a23\u540d\u7a31\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u6478\u7d22\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u6211\u4e26\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u7e8f\u7e5e\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u76ee\u524d\u76f8\u7576\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u4f86\u64fa\u812b\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u66f4\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u57f9\u529b\u3001\u66f4\u6311\u6230\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u6d41\u884c\u8457\u5e7e\u500b\u5f15\u81ea\u570b\u5916\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6700\u5177\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u793e\u7fa4\u7db2\u7ad9\u300c\u8331\u8389\u5b89\u5a1c\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\u82b1\u5712\u300d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u89e3\u91cb\u76f8\u95dc\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

TG\uff08Transgender\uff09\uff1aGender\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u5225\u6709\u6240\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7a31\u505aTG\u3002\u56e0\u6b64TG\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u6700\u5ee3\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u6216\u662f\u8b8a\u6027\u617e\u8005\u90fd\u7b97TG\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaaTG=TS+TV+CD\u3002<\/p>\n

TS\uff08Transsexual\uff09\uff1a\u8b8a\u6027\u617e\u8005\uff0c\u6307\u5c0d\u672c\u8eab\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u624b\u8853\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u5225\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

TV\uff08Transvestite\uff09\uff1a\u626e\u7570\u6027\u75c7\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u91ab\u5b78\u540d\u8a5e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u626e\u7570\u6027\u75c7\u300d\uff0c\u6307\u9700\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8457\u7570\u6027\u670d\u88dd\u800c\u7522\u751f\u6027\u8208\u596e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u60a3\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u8b8a\u6027\u6216\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684TV\u90fd\u662f\u7570\u6027\u6200\u3002<\/p>\n

CD\uff08Cross-Dress, Cross-Dressing, Cross Dress\uff09\uff1a\u5973\u626e\u7537\u88dd\u6216\u7537\u626e\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u6307\u7a7f\u7570\u6027\u7684\u670d\u88dd\uff0c\u5973\u626e\u7537\u88dd\u6216\u7537\u626e\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cfTV\u8f03\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u591a\u534a\u53d6\u81ea\u570b\u5916\u76f8\u95dc\u7db2\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5206\u985e\u548c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u7522\u751f\u9019\u4e9b\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u8207\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5206\u5316\u548c\u6df5\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTG\uff08\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u570b1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u539f\u672c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5168\u6642\u9593\u300c\u6d3b\u300d\u5728\u548c\u672c\u8eab\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6027\u5225\u88e1\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u751f\u5b58\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\u800c\u975e\u300c\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u300d [5]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0cTG\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u6d89\u5169\u7a2e\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7db2\u7ad9\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6db5\u62ec<\/strong>\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u6db5\u84cb\u6240\u6709\u6311\u6230\uff0f\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u8207\u6027\u5225\u7586\u754c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u52d5\u54e1\u4e32\u9023\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7db2\u7ad9\u5728\u5176\u4e0b\u5217\u8209\u5305\u542b\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4e09\u7a2e\u5728\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u660e\u78ba\u5340\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08TG=TS+TV+CD\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u5099\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u5225\u66d6\u6627\u77db\u76fe\u4f46\u62d2\u7d55\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6027\u6216\u8b8a\u88dd\u4f86\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u6b78\u985e\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7121\u8655\u68f2\u8eab\u3002\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6253\u958b\u9019\u500b\u66d6\u6627\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7a7a\u9593\uff0cTG\uff08\u8de8\u6027\u5225\uff09\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5340\u5206<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8868\u73fe\u4e0a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u7c21\u7a31TG\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u900f\u904e\u624b\u8853\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u7570\u6027\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u7a31\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31TS\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500bTG\/TS\u5340\u5206\u547d\u540d\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cTG\u8868\u660e\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u751f\u547d\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u904b\u52d5\u4f5c\u5bb6Leslie Feinberg\u66f4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7fTG\/TS\u4e4b\u5206\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u800c\u76f8\u4e92\u91cd\u758a\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6539\u8b8a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684TG\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u8853\u7684TS\uff081996: x\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5df1\u8eab\u6b78\u985e\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u7126\u616e\u4e0d\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7576\u4e0b\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u7121\u529b\u63cf\u8ff0\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u591a\u5143\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3001\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u72c0\u614b\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u7d30\u7dfb\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u8655\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u908a\u7de3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u773e\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8feb\u5207\u722d\u53d6\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u8457\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u610f\u5473\u3002[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u300c\u827e\u7d72\u59d1\u5a18\u300d\u7db2\u7ad9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u958b\u9801\uff1a\u300cCD\u662f\u7a7f\u8457\u4e00\u4ef6\u96a8\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u63db\u7684\u6f02\u4eae\u8863\u670d\uff0cTS\u662f\u7a7f\u8457\u4e00\u4ef6\u6c38\u9060\u812b\u4e0d\u6389\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8863\u670d\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u547c\u53ec\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4e86\u578b\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\u5011\u67d0\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u5167\u6db5\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u6027\u5225\u66d6\u6627\u6df7\u96dc\u7684intersexual\uff08\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff0c\u4fd7\u7a31\u9670\u967d\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u901a\u901a\u7d0d\u5165TS\uff08\u900f\u904e\u8377\u723e\u8499\u8207\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u6027\u8b8a\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u6027\uff09\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u3002[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u6307\u7a31\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u3002\u5f9e\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u300c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7d44\u5408\u300d\uff08Herdt, 1993: 20\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7684\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u591a\u6578\u4e0d\u592a\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\u300d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u6263\u9023\u4e86\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u96d9\u91cd\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u907f\u958b\u9019\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u3002[8]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6307\u7a31\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\uff08\u6307\u6d89\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u500b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u540d\u7a31\u2500\u2500\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u300d\u2500\u2500\u537b\u65e5\u6f38\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u77e5\u540d\u8b8a\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u738b\u6085\u6069\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6b98\u7136\u5f8c\u53bb\u6cf0\u570b\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u6797\u570b\u83ef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8f5f\u52d5\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u97d3\u570b\u8b8a\u6027\u85dd\u4eba\u6cb3\u8389\u79c0\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d9c\u85dd\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5229\u83c1\uff09\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7d05\u9802\u85dd\u4eba\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u85dd\u4eba\u9673\u4fca\u751f\u591c\u904a\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u5247\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5f97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8b8a\u88dd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u653f\u5ba2\u5728\u9020\u52e2\u665a\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u88dd\u626e\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u591a\u534a\u9084\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u7c21\u7a31\u4f86\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u9019\u4e9b\u540d\u7a31\u6709\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u3001\u8207\u5168\u7403\u63a5\u8ecc\u7684\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u67d0\u7a2e\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u540d\u7a31\u4f86\u81ea\u7570\u570b\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8ddd\u96e2\u611f\u3002\u5c0d\u98fd\u53d7\u6c61\u540d\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u53c8\u540c\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\u5176\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9069\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u7a31\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9078\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u7c21\u7a31\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u78ba\u5be6\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[9]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u5448\u73fe\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u6211\u66ab\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c0a\u91cd\u53d7\u8a2a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u9858\u800c\u4f9d\u5faa\u4e0a\u5217\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u3002[10]<\/strong><\/a> \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u539f\u5148\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u539f\u751f\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff09\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5979\u5011\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6703\u7279\u5225\u6a19\u660e\u662f\u300c\u7537\u8b8a\uff0f\u626e\u5973\u300d\u9084\u662f\u300c\u5973\u8b8a\uff0f\u626e\u7537\u300d\uff1a\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7537\u5973\u6027\u5225\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7537\u5973\u6027\u5225\u5247\u7c60\u7d71\u6307\u7a31\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3002[11]<\/strong><\/a> \u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u5c31\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u300c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8457\u591a\u91cd\u5834\u57df\u3001\u8b93\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u65b7\u8f49\u8b8a\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\uff08Halberstam, 1998: 21\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6709\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u5f37\u8abf\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u60f3\u8981\u6f02\u4eae\u800c\u7a7f\u8457\u5973\u88dd [12]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u5728\u7a7f\u8457\u6253\u626e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5f97\u5230\u7121\u6bd4\u7684\u6027\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u5feb\u611f [13]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u8b8a\u6027\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u5bb6\u4eba\u6216\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u963b\u64cb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0b\u627e\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f [14]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u66fe\u7d93\u60f3\u904e\u8981\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6642\u4ee3\u6c1b\u570d\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31 [15]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u8a08\u756b\u8b8a\u6027\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u6709\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u6280\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u968e\u6216\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8981\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u6210\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u5728\u8a08\u756b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6574\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u300c\u66f8\u5beb\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff08\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u6539\u8b8a\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u9078\u64c7\u5c0a\u91cd\u500b\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u57fa\u790e\uff1aa wardrobe of one\u2019s own<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u3001\u6211\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u7a7f\u932f\u8863\u670d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u9032\u932f\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u9032\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8ec0\u6bbc\u88e1\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8981\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u9762\u62bd\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u63db\u4e0a\u4e00\u5957\u6211\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u2500\u25002001\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u624b\u8853\u7684\u5a01\u5a01<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u300c\u88dd\u932f\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53e3\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u91cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[16]<\/strong><\/a> \u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u662f\u5169\u500b\u500b\u5225\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5247\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ae\u4e00\u6b78\u5c6c\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\u90fd\u662f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9748\u9b42\u9ad8\u904e\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u543b\u5408\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u6539\u88dd\u6253\u626e\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8377\u723e\u8499\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\u4f86\u4fee\u6574\u8eab\u9ad4\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u9748\u9b42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\u4f86\u8ac7\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u5c37\u5c2c\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u9bae\u6d3b\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u8eab\u9ad4\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8a2a\u8ac7\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u7c21\u5316\u4e86\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u9ad4\u578b\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5b58\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u300c\u88dd\u932f\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u66f4\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u65a1\u65cb\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u9748\u9b42\u4e4b\u5dee\u8ddd\u932f\u7f6e\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u65e5\u5fa9\u4e00\u65e5\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u6298\u5c04\u300c\u88dd\u932f\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u542b\u610f\u548c\u8868\u73fe\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u88dd\u932f\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d<\/strong>\uff08doing gender<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u7c4c\u78bc\u548c\u52aa\u529b<\/strong>\uff08Kessler & McKenna 126\uff09\u3002[17]<\/strong><\/a> \u800c\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u8ac7\u7684\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u5c31\u6b63\u8981\u85c9\u8457\u53d7\u8a2a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002[18]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u6240\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53ca\u6b0a\u529b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u7406\u8ad6\u537b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fb9\u5e95\u300c\u504f\u96e2\uff0f\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u300d\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u3001\u8b8a\u6027\u4eba\u3001\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff08intersexual\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u9806\u8457\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7537\u5f37\u5973\u5f31\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u5c31\u662f\u5fe0\u8aa0\u300d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u7528\u8cea\u7591\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u548c\u653e\u9010\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u2500\u25001991\u5e74\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u7684\u5973\u540c\u5fd7\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005Nancy Jean Burkholder\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u7f8e\u570b\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5973\u6027\u97f3\u6a02\u796d\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u64ca\uff08Califia,1997: 227\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u5805\u6301\u8b8a\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u5c31\u5920\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u5fc5\u5927\u52d5\u5200\u5de5\u6539\u8b8a\u8eab\u9ad4\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u53e6\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u523b\u677f\u751f\u7406\u689d\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005Jay Prosser\u5f15\u7528\u6cd5\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u8005Didier Anzieu\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u8868\u76ae\u81ea\u6211\u300d\uff08skin ego\uff09\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\uff08embodiment\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08embodiment\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08embodiment\uff09\u65e2\u76f8\u95dc\u8089\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u95dc\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b89\u5c45\u65bc\uff08inhabit\uff09\u7269\u8cea\u8089\u9ad4\u6642\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u300d\uff08Prosser, 1998: 7\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u57df\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u300d\u5f88\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u8eab\u9ad4\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u76ae\uff09\u7684\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u300d\u3002<\/strong>\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u8868\u76ae\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u7e3d\u662f\u548c\u5176\u9023\u5e36\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u611f\u53d7\u4e00\u8d77\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u3002[19]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u300c\u8868\u76ae\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u958b\u653e\u7684\u3001\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u5468\u906d\u793e\u6703\u5404\u7a2e\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u523b\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u8457\uff0f\u71df\u9020\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff08\u8eab\u9ad4\uff09\u5b89\u5c45\u611f\u3002<\/strong>\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u611f\u53d7\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u865b\u5047\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u5177\u9ad4\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u7269\u8cea\u8eab\u9ad4\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u76ae\u2500\u2500\u5305\u542b\u8863\u8457\u9762\u8c8c\u8eab\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6027\uff08materiality\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u3001\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u50cf\u7684\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u5177\u73fe\uff0f\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08embodiment\uff09\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u9593\u7e3d\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u617e\u671b\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u5e7b\u60f3\u800c\u9032\u884c\u8457\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u3002[20]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5b89\u5c45\u611f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u8089\u9ad4\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u5167\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5c45\u611f\uff0c\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u548c\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u6b64\u6253\u9020\uff0f\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002[21]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u537b\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u6c61\u540d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u906e\u63a9\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u300c\u77c7\u6df7\u904e\u95dc\u300d\u63aa\u65bd\uff08passing\uff09\uff08Goffman, 1963: 73\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u8005\u8996\u70ba\u6545\u610f\u7684\u6b3a\u9a19\u3002[22]<\/strong><\/a> \u7136\u800c\u300c\u77c7\u6df7\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u8457\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5b83\u9810\u5148\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e86\u8089\u8eab\u6709\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6311\u6230\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u8207\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5805\u5b88\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u771f\u7406\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u63a9\u84cb\u793e\u6703\u65e2\u5b9a\u6027\u5225\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6cef\u6ec5\uff0f\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u76f4\u63a5\u7c21\u5316\uff0f\u919c\u5316\u70ba\u523b\u610f\u7684\u96b1\u779e\u548c\u77c7\u9a19\u3002<\/strong>\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u5fc3\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u69cb\u6558\u4e8b\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5728\u300c\u77c7\u6df7\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6642\u523b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u8089\u8eab\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u591a\u534a\u5fc5\u9808\u4f34\u96a8\u6709\u95dc\u5404\u81ea\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52d5<\/strong>\uff08narrative\uff09\u3002Prosser\u4e5f\u8aaa\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\uff08social existence\uff09\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6558\u8ff0\uff1a\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\uff08narrative\uff09\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8f49\u578b\uff08transition\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff1a\u6558\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u8f49\u578b\u300d\uff089\uff09\u3002\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u63a1\u53d6\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u64d4\u4efb\u7cbe\u795e\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u5e7c\u5e74\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u662f\u300c\u539f\u767c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u617e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u96a8\u6d41\u884c\u6216\u885d\u52d5\u76f2\u5f9e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5979\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u642d\u8abf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96a8\u6642\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u8aaa\u8a5e\u4f86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u3001\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6389\u5225\u4eba\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u8abf\u548c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u63db\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u7576\u8cea\u7591\u8005\u662f\u719f\u8b58\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u90fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\uff1b\u6709\u53e3\u96e3\u8a00\uff0c\u7121\u8a71\u53ef\u8aaa\uff0c\u8eb2\u8eb2\u85cf\u85cf\uff0c\u62b5\u6b7b\u8cf4\u5e33\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Harold Garfinkel\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f8e\u570b\u8b8a\u6027\u4ebaAgnes\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5de6\u53f3\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u6642\u5c31\u8aaa\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u6212\u3001\u5584\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6bc5\u529b\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u898f\u5283\u300d\uff081967: 137\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u7c4c\u5283\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\uff0c\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5927\u696d<\/strong>\uff08modern project of the self\uff09\u3002[23]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u601d\u7c4c\u5283\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u6211\u5927\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5316\u599d\u5c31\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u6216\u7537\u626e\u5973\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u6642\u7684\u5fc5\u4fee\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u63a9\u84cb\u7537\u6027\u81c9\u90e8\u76ae\u819a\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u6bdb\u5b54\u3001\u9b0d\u6a01\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6eff\u8db3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7f8e\u9e97\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5316\u599d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5f88\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5316\u599d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u9001\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u88ab\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u90fd\u900f\u904e\u7121\u6578\u904e\u5f80\u5931\u6557\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u5316\u599d\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u7570\u6a23\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u5316\u599d\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u7d93\u5922\u60f3\u904e\u8b8a\u6027\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u4ee3\u689d\u4ef6\u4fb7\u9650\u800c\u6d3b\u6210\u4e86\u7537\u626e\u5973CD\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u963f\u7f8e\uff0c\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5c0d\u6253\u626e\u6210\u5973\u4eba\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u6709\u6046\u5fc3\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u66f8\u7c4d\u96dc\u8a8c\u5ee3\u544a\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u526a\u4e0b\u4f86\u6216\u8907\u5370\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\u7814\u7a76 [24]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7576\u6211\u554f\u5230\u5979\u90fd\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u963f\u7f8e\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u670d\u88dd\u7684\u561b\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u670d\u88dd\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5316\u599d\uff0c\u50cf\u5831\u4e0a\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u767c\u8868\u4eca\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ddf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u914d\u642d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b89\u9e97\u7684\u7f8e\u5bb9\u624b\u518a\u554a\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u57fa\u790e\u4fdd\u990a\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1f\u5f69\u599d\u600e\u9ebc\u756b\uff1f\u6de1\u599d\u6fc3\u599d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u5100\u614b\u554a\uff01\u600e\u9ebc\u8d70\u8def\uff1f\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u505a\u64cd\uff1f\u904b\u52d5\u554a\uff01\u5065\u7f8e\u64cd\u554a\uff01\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7fd2\u6163\u4f7f\u963f\u7f8e\u5c0d\u6536\u96c6\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e0a\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u88fd\u4f5c\u5f71\u5370\uff0c\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u8db3\u8db3\u5169\u5927\u7bb1\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u95b1\u8b80\u65b0\u77e5\uff0c\u6539\u9032\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u80fd\u5920\u5408\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u6750\u548c\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u8863\u670d\u800c\u53bb\u5be6\u8e10\u5927\u5b78\u9032\u4fee\u670d\u88dd\u88fd\u4f5c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u963f\u7f8e\u9019\u6a23\u9577\u671f\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5bb9\u73ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u9032\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u7537\u626e\u5973\u56db\u5341\u9918\u6b72\u7684TV\u5c0f\u8354\u5c31\u66fe\u56e0\u70ba\u64d4\u5fc3\u5047\u9aee\u6234\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5316\u599d\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u53bb\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5bb9\u73ed\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7d50\u675f\u624d\u8868\u660e\u8eab\u5206\u662f\u7537\u7684\u3002\u540c\u671f\u5b78\u54e1\u554f\u5230\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u4eba\u8981\u5b78\u5316\u599d\u6642\uff0c\u5c0f\u8354\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u904b\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6210\u9577\u8a9e\u5f59\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6311\u6230\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7a4d\u6975\u56de\u7b54\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8cea\u7591\u5c01\u53e3\u3002[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5019\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u5982\u82b8\u6c88\u6f5b\u5230\u5927\u5b78\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\u624d\u5411\u5bb6\u4eba\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u65e9\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5abd\u5abd\u548c\u59b9\u59b9\u7684\u8863\u670d\u505a\u4e86\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u79c1\u4e0b\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u935b\u934a\u51fa\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5df2\u5a5a\u6210\u5e74\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f80\u5f80\u9078\u64c7\u628a\u6771\u897f\u85cf\u5728\u6c7d\u8eca\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u8f09\u8457\u5230\u8655\u8d70\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u4fbf\u96a8\u6642\u5728\u5916\u5730\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5c31\u8b8a\u88dd\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u505c\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5bb6\u4eba\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u641c\u67e5\u5230\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u9644\u5e36\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u5999\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u523b\u63db\u56de\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u88dd\u626e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u3002\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u7684CD\u963f\u7f8e\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u842c\u4e00\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6211\u8eb2\u9032\u8eca\u5b50\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\u5c31\u8dd1\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u8dd1\u6389\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u300d\u6c7d\u8eca\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u548c\u5c01\u9589\u6027\u78ba\u5be6\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6c7d\u8eca\u5167\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u3001\u8863\u7269\u7684\u58c5\u585e\u7e10\u8936\u3001\u548c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u7070\u5875\u6c61\u7a62\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5979\u5011\u6240\u80fd\u6253\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u8ec0\u9ad4\u9f90\u5927\u7684CD\u963f\u6416\u6700\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5834\u5408\u53ca\u8b8a\u88dd\u6a5f\u6703\u6642\u624d\u53bb\u79df\u8863\u670d\u76ae\u978b\u4f86\u7a7f\uff0c\u7a7f\u5b8c\u4e86\u518d\u9001\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8017\u8cbb\u7576\u7136\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u4f86\u53bb\u7121\u75d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6771\u7a97\u4e8b\u767c\u6642\u9084\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u5728\u914d\u5076\u9762\u524d\u8a5e\u7aae\u7684\u96e3\u582a\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00<\/strong>\uff0c\u6108\u662f\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c31\u6108\u628a\u5979\u5011\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u56fa\u8457\u5728\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7262\u7c60\u5167\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f9e\u5979\u5011\u53e3\u4e2d\u596a\u53bb\u4e86\u865b\u69cb\u8aaa\u8a5e\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e2\u7136\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u8863\u8457\u6027\u5225\u6a19\u8a18\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u4f86\u7f9e\u8fb1\u548c\u8cea\u554f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ea\u5f97\u5275\u9020\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u70ba\u79c1\u5bc6\u7684\u79c1\u5bc6\u4f86\u7dad\u7e6b\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u6027\u5225\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08embodiment\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u7537\u626e\u5973CD\u65cf\u7684\u963f\u7f8e\u3001\u5c0fG\uff0c\u5230\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u65cf\u7684\u6167\u6148\u3001\u5982\u82b8\u3001\u7f8e\u7a57\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5916\u9762\u662f\u7a7f\u8457\u7537\u88dd\u6216\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5728\u88e1\u9762\u90fd\u7a7f\u8457\u5973\u6027\u5167\u8863\u8932\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u5440\uff01\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u7a7f\u624d\u8212\u670d\u300d\uff08\u5982\u82b8\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8863\u592a\u8584\uff0c\u7a7f\u8457\u80f8\u7f69\u6703\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u5f97\u7a7f\u8457\u5973\u6027\u5167\u8932\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u6027\u5225\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u6a19\u8a18\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5167\u8932\u6210\u4e86\u7537\u8b8a\uff0f\u626e\u5973\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u5728\u9ad4\u73fe\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u6642\u7684\u300c\u6700\u5f8c\u300d\u5e95\u7dda\u3002<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5606\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u6a23\u300c\u5167\u6582\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6642\u6642\u8981\u88ab\u63d0\u9192\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff1a\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e0d\u4e94\u6642\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u8b66\u65b9\u81e8\u6aa2\u641c\u8eab\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u67d0\u7537\u4eba\u7a7f\u8457\u5973\u6027\u5167\u8863\u8932\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8b66\u65b9\u537b\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5f62\u8de1\u53ef\u7591\uff0c\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\uff0c\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u76e4\u67e5\u7aba\u8996\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5632\u5f04\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8073\u52d5\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u90fd\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u5687 [28]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u670b\u53cb\u9084\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6df1\u591c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u51fa\u9580\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb3\u6015\u7537\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u591c\u665a\u4e0d\u51fa\u9580\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5834\u57df\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\uff1a\u7537\u5ec1\u9084\u662f\u5973\u5ec1\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u61c2\u5f97\u63a9\u98fe\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5f80\u90a3\u500b\u6027\u5225\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u2500\u2500\u525b\u525b\u5728\u6cf0\u570b\u505a\u5b8c\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973Coco<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7121\u6578\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u660e\u78ba\u6a19\u8a18\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u5225\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5927\u5e2b\u62c9\u5ca1\uff08Jacque Lacan\uff09\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6392\u5c3f\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u300d\uff08urinary segregation\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u96e3\u984c\uff08Garber, 1993: 13\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u6a19\u8a18\u8457\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u623f\u9580\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u5169\u500b\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5b8c\u5168\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u5012\u5e95\u662f\u8981\u9032\u54ea\u4e00\u9053\u9580\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5177\u9ad4\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5979\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u6240\u7a7f\u8863\u670d\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u5148\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ea\u80fd\u9032\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ec1\u6240\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u96e3\u514d\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5e7e\u5206\u5fd0\u5fd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u7684TS\u5982\u82b8\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u8c8c\u982d\u9aee\u8eab\u6750\u8072\u97f3\u90fd\u548c\u5973\u751f\u7121\u7570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96d6\u7136\u5c1a\u672a\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee5\u5973\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904e\u6d3b\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53bb\u4e0a\u5973\u751f\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u4e0a\u7537\u751f\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u6703\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u3002\u300d\u6b63\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u7537\u8b8a\uff0f\u626e\u5973\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u4e94\u5e74\u7d1a\u751f\u7f8e\u7a57\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u53ea\u505a\u4e86\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u4e86\u9aee\u578b\uff0c\u4fee\u4e86\u7709\u6bdb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u9084\u4e0d\u6562\u7a7f\u5973\u88dd\u5916\u51fa\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u642d\u914d\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8aaa\u5230\u8981\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u5c31\u6eff\u8154\u7121\u5948\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u60f3\u4e0a\u5973\u6027\u5ec1\u6240\u5566\uff01\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u5728\u586b\u6027\u5225\u6b04\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u60f3\u586b\u5973\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u7576\u7136\u9084\u662f\u6703\u586b\u7537\u7684\u5427\uff01\u300d\u525b\u4e0a\u5927\u4e00\u7684\u963f\u5343\u9664\u4e86\u500b\u5b50\u5f88\u9ad8\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u5f88\u5973\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u6562\u8003\u616e\u9032\u5973\u5ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u773e\u77e2\u4e4b\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\u537b\u4e5f\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u518d\u505a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u2026\u883b\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5916\u9762\u7684\u2026\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u8655\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u7537\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u2026\u300d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5373\u4f7f\u4ecd\u662f\u7537\u8eab\uff0c\u90fd\u63a1\u53d6\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u9032\u5165\u6709\u9580\u7684\u5167\u9593\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u751f\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u6392\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u2500\u2500\u9664\u975e\u300c\u5f88\u6025\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u6703\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u3001\u5f88\u6c92\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u300d\uff08\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u624b\u8853\u7684Coco\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u963f\u5343\u9032\u4e86\u5167\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u7ad9\u8457\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u2026\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u9032\u5165\u5167\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u50cfCoco\u548c\u5c0fG\u90a3\u6a23\u7528\u8e72\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u963f\u742a\u548c\u6167\u6148\u90a3\u6a23\u300c\u4e00\u5411\u300d\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5750\u8457\u5982\u5ec1\u3002[29]<\/strong><\/a> \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u8eab\u9ad4\u5916\u8c8c\u66f4\u52a0\u66d6\u6627\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u8f49\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u4e86\u3002Judith Halberstam\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u96e3\u7a31\u70ba\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7279\u6709\u7684\u300c\u5ec1\u6240\u96e3\u984c\u300d\uff08the bathroom problem\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9032\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u6703\u662f\u5169\u9762\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u4f86\u6575\u610f\u548c\u8cea\u7591\uff08Halberstam 20-29\uff09\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u5247\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u96e3\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u4f86\u81ea\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u5373\u4f7f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u6027\u5225\u6253\u9020\u5f97\u5f88\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u589e\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u9032\u9580\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u970e\u90a3\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u5728\u6211\u9644\u8fd1\uff1f\u300d\u5ec1\u6240\u7a7a\u9593\u6240\u6697\u85cf\u7684\u5de1\u908f\u773c\u5149\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u963fK\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u88ab\u5468\u906d\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5916\u89c0\u9810\u8a2d\u6240\u9a45\u8d95\u800c\u5690\u5230\u4e86\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\uff0c\u8ddf\u5bb6\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u53bb\u73a9\uff0c\u8dd1\u5230\u5973\u751f\u5ec1\u6240\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u908a\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u4f60\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u908a\u4f86\u554a\uff1f\u90a3\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5c37\u5c2c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u5c31\u6703\u8ddf\u4f60\u8b1b\u8aaa\ufe30\u9019\u908a\u662f\u5973\u751f\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u5230\u90a3\u908a\u53bb\u3002\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6beb\u4e0d\u9072\u7591\u7684\u6027\u5225\u65b7\u8a9e\u628a\u963fK\u7576\u6210\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u963fK\u5f88\u5c0f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5916\u8c8c\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u963fK\u5df2\u7d93\u670d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u8003\u9a57\u300d\uff08real life test\uff09[30]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5ec1\u6240\u7684\u554f\u984c\u9084\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u73ed\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u9084\u662f\u5973\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u53ea\u5f97\u53bb\u4e0a\u5973\u5ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u5728\u5973\u5ec1\u4e2d\u9047\u898b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u5c37\u5c2c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u6211\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\u561b\uff01\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u5916\u9762\u662f\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\uff0c\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u6211\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9032\u5230\u5973\u751f\u5ec1\u6240\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u8ddf\u6211\u78b0\u5230\u9762\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5687\u4e00\u8df3\u554a\uff01\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5c37\u5c2c\u554a\uff01\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8072\u97f3\u8b8a\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u4eba\u5bb6\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c31\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u8b1b\u8a71\u6709\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u8072\u97f3\u4f86\u8b1b\u3002\u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u6700\u96e3\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4e5f\u5df2\u9032\u5165\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u8003\u9a57\u300d\u768440\u6b72\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u6559\u5e2b\u963f\u742a\uff0c\u5e73\u65e5\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u518d\u7a7f\u8457\u7537\u6027\u7684\u896f\u886b\u548c\u897f\u88dd\u8932\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u725b\u4ed4\u8932\u6216\u9577\u88d9\uff0c[31]<\/strong><\/a> \u9019\u7a2e\u88dd\u626e\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\u6240\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u540c\u4e8b\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7537\u5ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u540c\u4e8b\u6216\u5b78\u751f\u8d77\u7591\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5169\u96e3\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ea\u5f97\u9078\u64c7\u618b\u5c3f\u6216\u8005\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u822c\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u70ba\u5ec1\u6240\u592a\u9ad2\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5973\u5ec1\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u96e3\u8655\u9084\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u96a8\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u5225\u76e3\u63a7\u5de1\u908f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u7537\u5ec1\u548c\u5973\u5ec1\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u500b\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u75db\u5fc3\u548c\u70ba\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5012\u5e95\u662f\u7537\u7684\u9084\u662f\u5973\u7684\uff1f\u300d[32]<\/strong><\/a> \u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8feb\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u9762\u5c0d\u66f4\u70ba\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff08\u5f9e\u65a5\u8cac\u5230\u8af7\u523a\u5230\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8981\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u7684TS\u963fK\u90fd\u6703\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u9072\u7591\uff1a\u300c\u2026..\u90a3\u500b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6703\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u6703\u2026\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u5c0d\u52c1\uff0c\u5f88\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u5834\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b21\u53bb\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5c31\u8981\u60f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u7a2e\u5834\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u60f3\u537b\u6b65\u3002\u300d\u5ec1\u6240\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u6027\u5225\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7121\u6578\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9023\u57f7\u884c\u5979\u5011\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u8eab\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u5de6\u53f3\u70ba\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u963fK\u7684\u8b8a\u8072\u7d93\u9a57\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8863\u7269\u548c\u5916\u8c8c\u800c\u5df2\u3002Kessler\u548cMcKenna\u5728\u5217\u8209\u5982\u4f55\u5275\u9020\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u8209\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u8a00\u8ac7\u300d\uff08general talk\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8072\u97f3\u3001\u7528\u5b57\u9063\u8a5e\u3001\u548c\u8aaa\u8a71\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u50b3\u9054\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u5403\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\u591a\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u6559\u5e2b\u963f\u742a\u5c0d\u500b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u6709\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9ad4\u8a8d\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u5a01\u5a01\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u878d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u300d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u5be6\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u6027\u5225\u6642\u906d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u610f\u5473\u8457\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u8981\u4ea4\u63db\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\uff08Goffman, 1963: 86\uff09\u3002\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u963fK\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u6015\u9700\u8981\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\u300d\u7684\u5834\u5408\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7fd2\u4ee5\u70ba\u5e38\u7684\u9019\u985e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u537b\u6709\u8457\u96e3\u4ee5\u555f\u9f52\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u300c\u8981\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u300d\u6b63\u5728\u56db\u8655\u6253\u5de5\u7c4c\u52df\u6b3e\u9805\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a5\u53d7\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u6167\u6148\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u756a\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9ad4\u8a8d\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4f60\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7528\u7537\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53bb\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u554f\u4f60\u7576\u904e\u5175\u6c92\u3001\u9000\u4f0d\u6c92\u6709\u3001\u4f60\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7576\u5175\u7684\u3001\u4f60\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u4f60\u7684\u5b98\u968e\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f60\u7e3d\u5f97\u7b54\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u96a8\u4fbf\u63b0\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u8981\u554f\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u70ba\u4ec0\u6703\u9000\u4e0b\u4f86\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u81ea\u8eab\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u537b\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8d70\u6f0f\u98a8\u8072\u7684\u6642\u523b\u2500\u2500\u8b80\u904e\u54ea\u500b\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u6709\u54ea\u88e1\u670d\u5f79\u3001\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u4fee\u8ab2\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7a00\u9b06\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5c0d\u65b9\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8ffd\u554f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u3001\u5858\u585e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u5834\u9762\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f4e\u8abf\u7684\u3001\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u3001\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u3001\u5167\u6582\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u6c88\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u64fa\u51fa\u5f88\u602a\u5f88\u5b64\u50fb\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u964d\u4f4e\u5c0d\u65b9\u6500\u8ac7\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u5f80\u5f80\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u53cb\u60c5\u548c\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u66f4\u58d3\u6291\u4e86\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u958b\u5c55\u3002[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u5834\u9762\u537b\u9084\u662f\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u963fK\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9023\u6700\u8d77\u78bc\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5c37\u5c2c\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5728\u5834\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5c37\u5c2c\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f60\u5148\u8ddf\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u90a3\u500b\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u4f60\u662f\u7537\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7528\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4f86\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\uff01\u54c7\uff01\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u907f\u958b\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u8b58\u8207\u719f\u8b58\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u8457\u7955\u5bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u800c\u5c0d\u7955\u5bc6\u5c31\u5728\u8868\u76ae\u4e0a\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5834\u5408\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8070\u654f\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u90fd\u5713\u4e0d\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5834\u5408\u592a\u96e3\u5c0d\u4ed8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\u90fd\u50be\u5411\u6108\u5c0f\u6108\u5b89\u7a69\u3002\u5c0fG\u624d\u5341\u4e5d\u6b72\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5e74\u7d00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u7591\u61fc\u537b\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5728\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u4f46\u754f\u7e2e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u990a\u6210\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u5c0fG\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u770b\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7248\u9762\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ac7\u5230\u4ea4\u53cb\uff1a\u300c\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u627e\u5427\uff01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6562\u627e\uff0c\u662f\u6015\u8aaa\u78b0\u91d8\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u7b97\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c6c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u5427\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u90fd\u662f\u6b78\u5728\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6b78\u5728\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6562\u53bb\u5617\u8a66\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u525b\u6eff\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2bCD\u963f\u7f8e\u56e0\u70ba\u5df2\u5a5a\u53c8\u6709\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u57f7\u884c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5805\u58c1\u6e05\u91ce\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u907f\u958b\u9019\u7a2e\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u5834\u9762\u767c\u751f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u6211\u90fd\u7d66\u5b83\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u5708\u5b50\u90fd\u7d66\u5b83\u4e0d\u505a\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u7684CD\u5708\u5b50\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8ddf\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5708\u5b50\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u6703\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u6c38\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u90a3\u908a\u662f\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u90a3\u908a\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5728\u5916\u9762\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u5bb6\u88e1\u8ddf\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u60c5\u617e\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b63\u5178\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u7de8\u7e54\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u7def\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u7a69\u4e2d\u7a4d\u6975\u8ffd\u6c42\u8457\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u5247\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u9ad4\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u91cd\u758a\u6216\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u5b64\u7368\u611f\u3001\u6182\u5fc3\u611f\u3001\u8ddd\u96e2\u611f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5076\u723e\u610f\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u60fa\u60fa\u76f8\u60dc\u986f\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u7aa9\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7121\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0f\u81ea\u6211\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u6b98\u300d\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u4e0d\u6b78\u8def\u3002\u2500\u2500\u69ae\u7e3d\u6574\u578b\u91ab\u5e2b\u65b9\u69ae\u714c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u6211\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u800c\u6230\u3002\u2500\u2500\u82f1\u570b\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u8b8a\u6027\u4ebaPaul Hewitt<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6642\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3001\u8377\u723e\u8499\u3001\u6027\u817a\u3001DNA\u7b49\u7b49\u66f4\u70ba\u7d30\u7dfb\u9451\u5b9a\u6027\u5225\u5206\u985e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5178\u7bc4\u4ecd\u7136\u591a\u534a\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5f37\u5316\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u5728\u65b7\u5b9a\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u6642\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u5668\u7279\u8cea\u300d\uff08\u201dGender attribution is, for the most part, genital attribution.\u201d\uff09\uff08Kessler & McKenna 153\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\uff0d\u91ab\u7642\uff0d\u5916\u79d1\u6574\u578b\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u751f\u6b96\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\u800c\u9677\u5165\u6182\u616e\u75c7\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u800c\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6cbb\u7642\u548c\u6027\u5225\u91cd\u6574\u624b\u8853\uff08SRS\uff09\u5247\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u7bc4\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5e78\u3002\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7531\u91ab\u7642\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u50b3\u9054\u7d66\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e00\u500b\u5e7b\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u52d5\u4e86\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u820a\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u300c\u8b8a\u6027\u4e4b\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u300d\uff08transsexual ideology\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9023\u300c\u8b8a\u300d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u90fd\u662f\u8a87\u5927\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff08MacKenzie 57-102\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u6211\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u8b8a\u6027\u5f8c\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u9060\u666f\u592a\u904e\u7406\u60f3\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u8457\u9817\u70ba\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff08\u4e0b\u8a73\uff09\u3002\u6700\u4ee4\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08\u8377\u723e\u8499\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u624b\u8853\u904e\u7a0b\u7d30\u7bc0\u3001\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9078\u64c7\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u64da\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u80af\u7a4d\u6975\u5e6b\u52a9\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4eba\u751f\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u62d2\u7d55\u627f\u64d4\u8d77\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u8a55\u4f30\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b0a\u63a8\u7d66\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff09\u3002[34]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u8073\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u67d0\u4eba\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u7aca\u3001\u6b3a\u9a19\u3001\u6f5b\u5165\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u8073\u52d5\u5831\u5c0e\u67d0\u4eba\u56e0\u57f7\u8ff7\u8b8a\u6027\u800c\u81ea\u6b98\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u8ad6\u8ff0\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u9762\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u6216\u751f\u547d\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u4f86\u58ef\u5927\u773e\u591a\u6f5b\u85cf\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u501a\u8cf4\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u50c5\u50c5\u4f86\u81ea\u71b1\u5fc3\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u81ea\u529b\u6253\u9020\u7684\u7db2\u9801\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6563\u5c45\u5404\u5730\u3001\u6642\u6709\u6642\u7121\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u3002[35]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u548c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5728\u9047\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6642\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u660e\u986f\u7684\u662f\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u7684\uff08pathologized\uff09[36]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u52aa\u529b\u5247\u5831\u4ee5\u8f15\u8511\u6216\u6190\u61ab\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u5426\u8a8d\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u8cea\u7591\uff09\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u628a\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6216\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5931\u63a7\u6216\u610f\u8b58\u932f\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6027\u5225\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u63a2\u8a66\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0f\u81ea\u6b98\u3001\u91cd\u6574\uff0f\u7834\u58de\u3001\u9078\u64c7\uff0f\u76f2\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u8106\u5f31\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u7586\u57df\u5206\u91ce\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u7bf3\u8def\u85cd\u7e37\u7684\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u71df\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u537b\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u722d\u6230\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4fee\u6574\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u8eab\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u50f5\u5316\u4e4b\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u3002<\/strong>\u800c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65e2\u7dca\u5bc6\u53c8\u758f\u96e2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u300c\u7dca\u5bc6\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6253\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u88ab\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8981\u6c42\u8981\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff1b\u300c\u758f\u96e2\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6253\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7576\u6210\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88dd\u5099\u4e86\u8207\u5927\u773e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u89f8\u89d2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u78ba\u5b9a\u6211\u5f9e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u958b\u59cb\u5e7b\u60f3\u5b83\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b78\u9ad8\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7d55\u5c0d\u6709\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5c0f\u5b78\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e2d\u5e74\u7d1a\u6642\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u8a18\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5b78\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5e7e\u5e74\u7d1a\u958b\u59cb\uff01\u6211\u8981\u7761\u89ba\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bcf\u5929\u7de8\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u2026\u60f3\u6545\u4e8b\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u908a\u7761\uff0c\u8eba\u5728\u90a3\u908a\u908a\u60f3\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5076\u767c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u8b8a\u6210\u5973\u751f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u2026\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u8eca\u798d\u554a\u2026 \u6216\u662f\u51fa\u610f\u5916\u554a\u2026\u50b7\u5230\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5566\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u60f3\u2026\u554a\uff01\u592a\u68d2\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e7e\u8106\u5c31\u5f04\u6389\u2026<\/p>\n

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\u5c0d\u539f\u672c\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8b93\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u896f\u588a\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5167\u8932\u7e43\u7dca\u5b83\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u58d3\u5e73\u3002\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u7f8e\u7a57\u96d6\u7136\u56e0\u70ba\u9084\u5728\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5e73\u65e5\u4e0d\u5e38\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7a7f\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u6c92\u81bd\u5b50\u628a\u5973\u88dd\u7a7f\u51fa\u9580\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u537b\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\u3002\u6211\u554f\u5979\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u5f88\u71b1\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u904e\uff0c\u5979\u6beb\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u628a\u5b83\u58d3\u5f8c\u9762\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u71b1\u554a\uff01\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u8981\u5b83\u6548\u679c\u597d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u60f3\u8b93\u5b83\u5e73\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u7a7f\u591a\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u591a\u7a7f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5167\u8932\u3002\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u2026\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u4e00\u5169\u4ef6\u5167\u8932\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u60f3\u50cf\u90a3\u6a23\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u4f60\u5148\u7a7f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5167\u8932\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5b83\u5c31\u5e73\u4e00\u9ede\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u7a7f\u4e0a\u8932\u896a\uff0c\u8932\u896a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u7a7f\u2026\u4e00\u4ef6\u5167\u8932\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5e73\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6691\u5047\u525b\u525b\u505a\u5b8c\u624b\u8853\u7684Coco\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u505a\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u7a7f\u8457\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u88d9\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u9670\u8396\u58d3\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u554f\u5979\u5982\u4f55\u906e\u5f97\u4f4f\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u7a7f\u4e01\u5b57\u8932\uff0c\u66f4\u6027\u611f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u62c9\u8d77\u4f86\u7d66\u4f60\u770b\u3002\u53cd\u6b63\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u585e\u5440\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u6574\u500b\u90fd\u585e\u5230\u5c41\u80a1\u5f8c\u9762\u3002\u300d\u6211\u8ddf\u8457\u8ffd\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e0d\u6703\u5f88\u96e3\u904e\u55ce\uff1fCoco\u883b\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u4e00\u63da\u9996\uff1a\u300c\u53cd\u6b63\u6211\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u5b83\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\u5979\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u548c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u758f\u96e2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u611f\u89ba\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002[39]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5e73\u5e38\u65e5\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u96b1\u85cf\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5047\u88dd\uff0c\u7576\u56b4\u53b2\u8cea\u7591\u3001\u6771\u7a97\u4e8b\u767c\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5175\u5f79\u6216\u6200\u611b\u5a5a\u59fb\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u4fbf\u6703\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u3001\u7121\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8cea\u7591\u6642\u7121\u529b\u8faf\u99c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8feb\u4f7f\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63a1\u53d6\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u5851\u9020\u9019\u500b\u8089\u8eab\u3002[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7d93\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u6b72\u4e8b\u696d\u6709\u6210\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5bb6\u4eba\u4e0d\u80af\u7c3d\u5b57\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u901a\u904e\u8b8a\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u5c0f\u725b\u6700\u8fd1\u7d42\u65bc\u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u5c04\u7537\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u3002\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u671b\u3001\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u7de8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5f35\u7121\u53ef\u9003\u907f\u7684\u7db2\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u9019\u628a\u5e74\u7d00\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u6c38\u9060\u8981\u6f14\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6f14\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u53ea\u597d\u6c38\u9060\u50cf\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u760b\u760b\u7672\u7672\uff0c\u4e09\u4e09\u516b\u516b\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u6f14\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u6240\u671f\u8a31\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u6b72\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5f88\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u2026.\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u500b\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u6b72\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8a8d\u540c\u6211\u7684\u5916\u578b\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6708\u5f88\u8a66\u5716\u8981\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a23\u5b50…\u6bd4\u8f03\u88ab\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u500b\u7537\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7684\u6ce8\u5c04\u662f\u4e0a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u624d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5291\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u723e\u8499\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u93e1\u5b50\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u50cf\u6211\u9577\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u8ab0\u8981\u53eb\u6211…\u300c\u5148\u751f\u300d\u5440\uff01\u5c31\u9577\u9019\u6a23\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u597d…\u90a3\u5c31\u6ce8\u6ce8\u770b\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u5b9a\u8b8a\u6027\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u5230\u56db\u5341\u6b72\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7b49\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u5e7e\u6b72\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u65b7\u88c2\u4e5f\u5c31\u6301\u7e8c\u4e86\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64e0\u3001\u585e\u3001\u58d3\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u4e0d\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\u5f9e\u773c\u524d\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u548c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u7121\u5948\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9664\u53bb\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u9084\u5728\u4e0a\u5927\u4e00\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u963f\u5343\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u904e\u5065\u5eb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6027\u5fb5\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u776a\u4e38\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e4b\u985e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5f88\u60f3\u628a\u5b83\u5277\u9664\uff01\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8b1b\u5f88\u5766\u767d\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u6c23\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6703\u7528\u624b\u6425\u5b83\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6771\u897f\u2026..No\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5f8c\u9762\u9084\u6709\u8def\u8981\u8d70\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f04\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u96de\u6bdb\u9d28\u8840\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u2026\u3002\u300d\u5c0d\u5979\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9670\u8396\u53ea\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8a0e\u4eba\u53ad\u800c\u9084\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5927\u8173\u3001\u5927\u624b\u3001\u4e0d\u5920\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u7b49\u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7576\u6210\u6027\u5fb5\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u7d55\u5c0d\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002[41]<\/strong><\/a> \u7576\u7136\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u963f\u5343\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5973\u751f\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6211\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u300d\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6b63\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u5979\u6253\u9020\u300c\u5973\u751f\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\u3002\u525b\u525b\u505a\u5b8c\u624b\u8853\u7684Coco\u570b\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u62ff\u5200\u5728\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e0a\u8f15\u8f15\u522e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u75db\u800c\u6536\u624b\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c31\u8b93\u90a3\u300c\u4e00\u5718\u6b7b\u8089\u300d\u639b\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5f9e\u6cf0\u570b\u56de\u4f86\u7684\u5979\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u90a3\u5718\u6b7b\u8089\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5be6\u5f9e\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u771f\u7684\u6eff\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u58fd\u547d\u6703\u7e2e\u77ed\u3001\u9ad4\u529b\u6703\u8b8a\u5dee\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u4f60\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u982d\u8166\u58de\u6389\u4e86\u9084\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u8981\u8b93\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7576\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u5f8c\u9867\u4e4b\u6182\u7684\u5973\u751f\u3002\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u4ee3\u50f9\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u6703\u4ecb\u610f\u751f\u547d\u7e2e\u77ed\u5566\uff01\u56e0\u70ba\u50cf\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5440\uff01\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u500b\u8cc7\u683c\u53bb\u4eab\u53d7\u5929\u502b\u4e4b\u6a02\u5440\uff01\u90a3\u65e2\u7136\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6d3b\u592a\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6703\u50b7\u809d\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u63a5\u7d0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9084\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8d70\u9019\u689d\u8def\u3002\u8b8a\u6027\u4e4b\u8def\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5eb7\u838a\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5011\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\u5df2\u7d93\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8d70\u9019\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5b89\u5c45\u611f\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5f8c\u9867\u4e4b\u6182\u300d\u66f4\u662f\u65e5\u5fa9\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u627f\u64d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u300c\u5f8c\u9867\u4e4b\u6182\u300d\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u5927\u6b65\u7684\u8e0f\u4e0a\u9019\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u5920\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u5805\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u8b8a\u6027\u5df2\u7d93\u60f3\u4e86\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u5c0f\u725b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6c23\u61a4\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u5236\u7528\u5bb6\u5c6c\u540c\u610f\u66f8\u963b\u7919\u4e86\u8b8a\u6027\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f88\u7406\u667a\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u8457\u4e00\u5207\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u674e\u5927\u592b\u8b1b\uff0c\u300c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u6025\u8457\u53eb\u6211\u5abd\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u8457\u958b\u8a3a\u65b7\u66f8\u7d66\u6211\u300d\u3002\u674e\u91ab\u5e2b\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u90fd\u9019\u628a\u5e74\u7d00\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5e6b\u4f60\u6025\u8036\uff01\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u4e0d\u6025\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u958b\u7d66\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53bb\u958b\u5200\u5440\uff01\uff01\u300d\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u9084\u6c92\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u624b\u8853\u600e\u9ebc\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u53eb\u6211\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u958b\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6574\u500b\u624b\u8853\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u9084\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u8853…\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u6539\u826f\u4e2d…\u300d[43]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6027\u5225\u7684\u834a\u68d8\u53e2\u6797\u4e2d\u8e3d\u8e3d\u800c\u884c\u7684\u662f\u773e\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7559\u8457\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u75a4\u75d5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9084\u6d41\u8457\u8840\u5e36\u8457\u75db\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u4e7e\u6db8\u6210\u4e16\u6545\u7684\u76ba\u7d0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u6478\u7d22\u8457\u6253\u9020\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a\u6253\u9020\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u4f60\u7684\u6027\u5225<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u662f\u8b8a\u4e86\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u7a7f\u5f97\u5f88\u6027\u611f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u5f88\u7dca\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u7f8e\u8277\u6027\u611f\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u3002\u2500\u2500\u624b\u8853\u524d\u5915\u7684Coco<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d17\u79ae\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u9032\u6b65\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u4e0d\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u5982Janice Raymond\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5426\u8a8d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7a4d\u6975\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u672c\u5730\u65b9\u8208\u672a\u827e\u6279\u5224\u300c\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u537b\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u6182\u5fc3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5168\u9762\u900f\u904e\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u4f86\u6298\u5c04\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff08Bolin, 1993: 456\uff09\u3002\u53d7\u8a2a\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6539\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9ad4\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6027\u5225\u6642\uff0c\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u627f\u53d7\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973Coco\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u8fa3\u59b9\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u7dca\u8eab\u77ed\u88d9\u5c0d\u5979\u800c\u8a00\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u4e8b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b8a\u6027\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8457\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u7528\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u963fK\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u8981\u662f\u8b8a\u4e86\u6027\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u90a3\u500b\u5728\u9047\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u8cea\u7591\u6642\u300c\u7121\u53ef\u8faf\u99c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u76ee\u6a19\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08target gender\uff09\u53c8\u5c07\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u770b\u4f86\u4e00\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u73fe\u6709\u6027\u5225\u898f\u7bc4\uff08gender norm\uff09\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u65e9\u5df2\u53c3\u96dc\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7570\u8cea\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u9ad4\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7279\u8cea\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u5143\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u500b\u9ad4\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5f31\u52e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u9577\u4e45\u6297\u722d\u7d93\u9a57\u7a4d\u7d2f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7576\u4e0b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u5225\u53ca\u617e\u671b\u8108\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7570\u8cea\u56e0\u7d20\u7279\u5225\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u6b72\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u5c0fG\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u5230\u5b78\u6821\u88e1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u5973\u751f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u58d3\u5f97\u6b7b\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u554f\u5979\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5973\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u7626\u5c0f\u7684\u8eab\u5f62\u5805\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8981\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5f48\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u662f\u6eab\u67d4\u8ce2\u6dd1\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u59b9\u59b9\u5f88\u300c\u6070\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5440\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u60f3\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c31\u6562\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u9054\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u4f60\u8981\u8ddf\u90a3\u7537\u751f\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u7d66\u4ed6\u4e7e\u8106\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u90a3\u7a2e\u62d6\u62d6\u62c9\u62c9\u7684\u3002\u5047\u5982\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u4e7e\u4e8c\u6de8\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6211\u5006\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u9023\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u8981\u4ea4\u66f4\u5ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u5f9e\u670b\u53cb\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u7576\u7537\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u505a\u90a3\u7a2e\u7684\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u554f\u548c\u5c0fG\u540c\u6a23\u5e74\u9f61\u5728\u5538\u5927\u4e00\u7684\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u963f\u5343\uff1a\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u770b\u4f86\u975e\u5e38\u6587\u975c\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u9670\u67d4\u7684\u963f\u5343\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4ee4\u6211\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u9a5a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u6deb\u8569\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u4e3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6703\u6311\u9017\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u6027\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u2026\u90a3\u500b\u5f48\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5927\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002\u5c0d\uff01\u6211\u5011\u5929\u880d\u5ea7\u771f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u9a37\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5927\u5973\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u6211\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8eab\u4e0a\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5e45\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u963f\u5343\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u53d7\u5230\u661f\u5ea7\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6c88\u6fb1\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u616e\u7537\u8b8a\uff0f\u626e\u5973\u7684\u7f8e\u7a57\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u5c31\u6709\u8457\u7d93\u904e\u7576\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d17\u79ae\u7684\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8003\u616e\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u751f\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6bd4\u8f03\u559c\u6b61\u7576\u751f\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5c31\u9084\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u525b\u525b\u8b1b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6a21\u5b50\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7406\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u6a23\u4e5f\u662f\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7537\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u4e00\u6a23\u4e5f\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u2026\u2026\u61c9\u8a72\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u6eab\u67d4\u5a49\u7d04\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u6d3b\u6f51\u3001\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u5b78\u8b58\u554a\u9019\u4e9b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u6050\u6015\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u8f15\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5973\u6027\u97f3\u6a02\u796d\u5c0d\u7537\u8b8a\u5973TS\u7684\u6392\u64e0\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c07\u70ba\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6587\u5316\u5e36\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u4f30\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u5c31\u9023\u7b49\u5019\u624b\u8853\u7684\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u963fK\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9810\u671f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u8b8a\u6210\u7537\u4eba\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\u5225\u4eba\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u523b\u677f\u7684\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u904e\u7537\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u975e\u5e38\u8a0e\u53ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5728\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u4eba\u5bb6\u8aaa\u6211\u662f\u7537\u6027\u2026..\u6211\u5728\u60f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u751f\u6d3b\u6bd4\u8f03\u81ea\u5728\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\uff0c\u300c\u8de8\u300d\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7e3d\u88ab\u4eba\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u50c5\u50c5\u60f3\u300c\u8de8\uff0f\u8f49\u300d\uff08<\/strong>trans<\/strong>\uff09\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u5167\u5b89\u5c45\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u5927\u696d\uff0c\u914d\u642d\u8457\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0d\u8eab\u5206\u4e2d\u7d93\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u793e\u6703\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u8108\u52d5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u65b7\u5617\u8a66\u300c\u8de8\u8d8a\uff0f\u8f49\u5316\u300d\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7bc4\u7587\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4f46\u6253\u9020\u5404\u81ea\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6253\u9020\u6027\u5225\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u6027\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5b9a\u8ad6\u65b7\u8a9e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u958b\u4e00\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e6b\u52a9\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u81ea\u6211\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u5011\u662f\u5728\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\uff0f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u6253\u9020\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u4fc2\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u4e09\u5e74\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u99b4\u7684\u653f\u7565\u300d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5831\u544a\uff08\u8a08\u756b\u7de8\u865fNSC89-2411-H008-012-BC\uff09\u3002\u521d\u7a3f\u57282001\u5e749\u670815-16\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u58e2\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u300c\u56db\u6027\u300d\u5169\u5cb8\u4e09\u5730\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\uff0c\u4e26\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u540c\u5e7411\u670816-17\u65e5\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8b80\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u8b1d\u8b1d\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684TG\u8776\u571215\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u670b\u53cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a2a\u8ac7\u5834\u5730\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u6b0a\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u90fd\u9304\u97f3\u8b04\u7a3f\uff0c\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5728\u5708\u5167\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u540c\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u4ee3\u540d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u540d\u5247\u7d93\u904e\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u53bb\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u4f9b\u8fa8\u8b58\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5be6\u5728\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u50c5\u9078\u53d6\u6253\u9020\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u6709\u95dc\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u611b\u60c5\u3001\u5175\u5f79\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u7b49\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c07\u4ee5\u53e6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u3002\u50c5\u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u737b\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u596e\u529b\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u8c50\u5bcc\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u500b\u300c\u67d0\u4e9b\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u53d7\u8a2a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u591a\u534a\u9084\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u672c\u8f03\u9ad8\u3001\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u70ba\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f54\u5f88\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u70ba\u5f31\u52e2\u3001\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u5b58\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff08\u591a\u6578\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u793e\u6703\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u50c5\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6298\u5c04\u7684\u3001\u96b1\u7d04\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u9019\u88e1\u7684sex\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u88e1\u5176\u5be6\u662f\uff08\u751f\u7406\u7684\uff09\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\uff08gender\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u5272\u88c2\u4ee5\u53ca\u8907\u96dc\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u5012\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u5920\u6355\u6349\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5b58\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0 \u53f0\u5317\u69ae\u7e3d\u6574\u578b\u91ab\u5e2b\u65b9\u69ae\u714c\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5beb\u7d66\u91ab\u8b77\u793e\u7fa4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5206\u985e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\uff08Psychosexual disorder\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u967d\u840e\u3001\u65e9\u6d29\u3001\u6027\u51b7\u611f\u3001\u6027\u4ea4\u4e0d\u5feb\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u898b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7126\u616e\u75c7\uff08Gender dysphoria\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u5225\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e94\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8b8a\u6027\u617e\u75c7\uff08Trans-sexualism\uff09\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u7570\u88dd\u75c7\uff08Transvestism\uff09\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff08Homosexual\uff09\uff0c\uff084\uff09\u4e2d\u6027\u6200\uff08Intersexual\uff09\uff0c\uff085\uff09\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\uff08Psychosis\uff09\u300d\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u5206\u985e\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u5728\u300c\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u800c\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u985e\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u812b\u96e2\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u5225\u5340\u5206\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> 2002\u5e744\u6708\u521d\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7530\u7d0d\u897f\u5ddeInternational Foundation for Gender Education\u7684\u5e74\u6703\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u9ad8\u9f6189\u6b72\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u4ebaVirginia Prince\uff08\u88ab\u793e\u7fa4\u50b3\u805e\u662ftransgender\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u6211\u518d\u4e09\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u300c\u300e\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u300f\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u300e\u505a\u300f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u300e\u662f\u300f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u300d\u5979\u5c0d\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08\u4e0b\u8a73\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u662f\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\u9bae\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u63a1\u7528TV\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u91ab\u7642\u6a19\u7c64\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u75c5\u614b\u3001\u6200\u7269\u3001\u57f7\u8ff7\u7b49\u7b49\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u8aaa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u300c\u6027\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u63a1\u7528CD\u9019\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u6697\u793a\u53ea\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5916\u8868\u7684\u8863\u8457\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u958b\u6307\u6d89\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u60c5\u617e\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCD\u548cTS\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9bCD\u89ba\u5f97TS\u592a\u904e\u504f\u57f7\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u6709\u4e9bTS\u5247\u8a8d\u70baCD\u7684\u8b8a\u88dd\u884c\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3002\u6a19\u7c64\u5206\u985e\u4e0a\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u64e0\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u5225\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u6574\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u8655\u5883\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u58d3\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff08\u9670\u967d\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u5f85\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u770bSusanne Kessler\u7684\u5c08\u66f8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u904e\u53bb\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u4eba\u5996\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u8af7\u523a\u4e0d\u7537\u4e0d\u5973\u3001\u53c8\u7537\u53c8\u5973\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u65c5\u904a\u98a8\u6c23\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u6cf0\u570b\u7684\u300c\u8b8a\u88dd\u79c0\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u5996\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u9010\u6f38\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u6307\u6d89\u5f9e\u4e8b\u90a3\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u6cf0\u570b\u96fb\u5f71\u300c\u4eba\u5996\u6253\u6392\u7403\u300d\u4ee5\u6975\u5176\u9177\u5152\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u9762\u5448\u73fe\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c96\u6de1\u4e86\u300c\u4eba\u5996\u300d\u539f\u5148\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u9858\u610f\u548c\u4eba\u5996\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u542b\u610f\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u552f\u4e00\u898b\u904e\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u662f\u505a\u904e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\u7684Coco\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u8ff4\u907f\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6230\u6210\u898b\u3002\u5979\u8aaa\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a\u300c\u50cf\u6211\u4e0a\u6b21\u53bb\u5f88\u719f\u7684\u670d\u98fe\u5e97\u6539\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u6025\u8457\u53bb\u5b9c\u862d\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u4e0a\u8eca\u4e4b\u524d\u53bb\u90a3\u908a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u963f\u59d0\u963f\u59d0\uff0c\u5feb\u9ede\u5feb\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8863\u670d\u5462\uff1f\u5979\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u597d\u5566\uff0c\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u5566\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u65c1\u908a\u5c31\u4e00\u5806\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u908a\u770b\u770b\u770b\u770b\u3002\u6211\u8981\u4e0a\u8eca\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u4f60\u5011\u6c92\u770b\u904e\u9019\u9ebc\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4eba\u5996\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u5979\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u81c9\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u548c\u5632\u8af7\u6df7\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\u548c\u6b61\u6109\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u5fd8\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> 2000\u5e74\u53f0\u7063TG\u8776\u5712\u5728\u540c\u5fd7\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9010\u6f38\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u5617\u8a66\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9664\u4e86TS\u6216TG\u9019\u7a2e\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\u5916\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e5f\u63a1\u7528FTM\u6216MTF\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u6027\u50be\u5411\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53e6\u985e\u9078\u64c7\u4e5f\u591a\u6562\u65bc\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u5177\u9ad4\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u9069\u7576\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u59d1\u4e14\u7a31\u547c\u5979\u5011\u70ba\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff08\u5c31\u4ee5\u6211\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u6709\u7537\u8eab\u5973\u599d\u8005\u3001\u66fe\u7d93\u60f3\u904e\u8b8a\u6027\u4f46\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8b8a\u88dd\u8005\u3001\u81ea\u8a8d\u5b9c\u7537\u5b9c\u5973\u8005\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u8005\u3001\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u6210\u7537\u8b8a\u5973\u624b\u8853\u8005\u3001\u6b63\u5728\uff08\u6301\u7e8c\u6216\u65b7\u7e8c\uff09\u670d\u7528\u7570\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u8005\u3001\u65bd\u884c\u5589\u7d50\u7e2e\u5c0f\u624b\u8853\u8005\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u8005\u3001\u611b\u6200\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u5b8c\u5973\u8b8a\u7537\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u5728\u5fa9\u5efa\u8005\u3001\u9084\u5728\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u6297\u722d\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u3001\u7b49\u5019\u901a\u904e\u8b8a\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u5f88tentative\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u67b6\u69cb\u5728\u7537\u5973\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u5df2\u7528\u8089\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u64fe\u4e82\u6027\u5225\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c21\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u73fe\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u8003\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u88ab\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5206\u9ad4\u5236\u6240\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Gordene Olga MacKenzie\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528female-to-man\u4ee5\u53camale-to-woman\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u53cd\u6620\u91ab\u7642\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8f49\u63db\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u624b\u8853\u628a\u751f\u7406\u8eab\u9ad4\u6253\u9020\u6210\u5408\u4e4e\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5225\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff081994: 2\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8863\u670d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f02\u4eae\u591a\u8b8a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6253\u626e\u6210\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0f\u6027\u8da3\u5728\u65bc\u89c0\u770b\u93e1\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u4e26\u611f\u53d7\u7dca\u7e43\u7684\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u5f8cDIY\u81ea\u6170\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u76ee\u524d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u8b8a\u6027\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5e74\u9f61\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\u540c\u610f\u66f8\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u7121\u6578\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u6211\u4eba\u751f\u6642\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u969c\u7919\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u9084\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u904e\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u7528\u6216\u6ce8\u5c04\u7570\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> 50\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8001\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u9019\u6a23\u611f\u5606\u751f\u4e0d\u9022\u6642\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Karl Heinrich Ulrichs\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u89e3\u91cb\u540c\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u6642\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u60f3\u8b8a\u6210\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u9748\u9b42\u88ab\u7981\u932e\u5728\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u5225\u5408\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\u90fd\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u6027\u6200\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u96e3\u89e3\u91cb\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e36\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Judith Butler\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u64cd\u6f14\u300d\uff08gender performativity\uff09\u8aaa\u6cd5\u96d6\u7136\u601d\u60f3\u6e90\u982d\u4f86\u81eaJohn Searle\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\u884c\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u537b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5408\u6d41\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u8b80\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u9ad4\u73fe\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ea\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u9748\u9b42\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6539\u982d\u63db\u9762\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u770b\u6cd5\u986f\u7136\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5f88\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u300c\u5dee\u7570\u689d\u4ef6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u505a\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u89e3\u8aaa\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\uff08ego\uff09\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6642\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u8089\u8eab\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u9023\uff081991: 439-483\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u300c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\uff0f\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u300d\uff08anaclitic\uff09\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5f9e\u8eab\u9ad4\u8868\u76ae\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u2500\u2500\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u9748\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5916\u76ae<\/strong>\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u81ea\u6211\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u7136\u62bd\u8c61\u5167\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u90fd\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8089\u9ad4\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5713\u6eff\u611f\u53d7\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7e3d\u662f\u6839\u690d\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\uff08materialist\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u89c0\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u89c0\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u524d\u8ff0Featherstone\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u88dc\u5145\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\uff0f\u8eab\u9ad4\u8868\u76ae\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u9059\u6307\u6709\u95dc\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5c64\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u6b64\u8655\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u95dc\u5851\u8eab\u6574\u578b\u5316\u599d\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u7279\u5225\u6709\u6df1\u610f\u3002\u53cd\u5851\u8eab\u6574\u578b\u5316\u599d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u63ed\u9732\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u8457\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u5011\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8ad6\u8ff0\u537b\u9023\u7d50\u4e0a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u5411\u6279\u5224\u7684\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9810\u8a2d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u61c9\u504f\u96e2\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u300c\u65e2\u5b58\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf\u61c9\u8a72\u543b\u5408\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u71b1\u4e2d\u5851\u8eab\u6574\u578b\u5316\u599d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u60f3\u50cf\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u865b\u5047\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u5ee3\u544a\u77c7\u9a19\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u8868\u76ae\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5728\u6b64\u8655\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff08\u8a8d\u540c\uff09\u617e\u671b\u8207\u65e2\u5b58\u8089\u8eab\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u6a19\u7c64\u5168\u9762\u7c60\u7f69\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> \u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7235\u58eb\u6a02\u624bBilly Tipton\u7d42\u8eab\u7537\u88dd\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u6b7b\u5f8c\u59bb\u5b50\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5973\u8eab\uff1b\u524d\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684Brandon Teena\u4e5f\u66fe\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u300c\u96b1\u779e\u300d\u771f\u5be6\u8eab\u5206\u300c\u6b3a\u9a19\u300d\u5973\u53cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u5e36\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u8eab\u5206\u300c\u771f\u5be6\uff0f\u865b\u507d\u300d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u8b70\u984c\u30022002\u5e746\u6708\u521d\u53f0\u7063\u85dd\u4eba\u79c0\u862d\u746a\u96c5\u7206\u51fa\u7dcb\u805e\uff0c\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u4ea4\u5f80\u591a\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u7d93\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u6797\u59d3\u7537\u53cb\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u5973\u5152\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u767c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6709\u95dc\u77c7\u6df7\u6b3a\u9a19\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Anthony Giddens\u5728\u8ad6\u53ca\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u626e\u88dd\u6642\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u5230\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u751f\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\uff081992: 199\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8ad6\u53ca\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u7c4c\u5283\u6642\u5c0d\u65bc\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6253\u9020\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5012\u662f\u96bb\u5b57\u672a\u63d0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u6279\u5224\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8ff7\u60d1\u4e86\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u5011\u865b\u6d6e\u7684\u8017\u8cbb\u91d1\u9322\u548c\u5fc3\u529b\u53ea\u70ba\u8a0e\u597d\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u662fCD\u5011\u8b39\u614e\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u6642\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> \u5316\u599d\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u73fe\u8c61\u4e2d\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\uff1a\u73fe\u6709\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7db2\u7ad9\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u4ee5\u6975\u5927\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f69\u599d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7db2\u9801\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5f69\u599d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5316\u599d\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7537\u626e\u5973CD\u5c0f\u96c5\u5c31\u4e00\u91dd\u898b\u8840\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011CD\u7684\u5316\u599d\u548cTS\u7684\u5316\u599d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002TS\u591a\u534a\u60f3\u878d\u5165\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f69\u599d\u6108\u6de1\u6108\u597d\uff1b\u53ef\u662fCD\u5c31\u5e0c\u671b\u5316\u599d\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u53cd\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5316\u599d\u524d\u5f8c\u6709\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u5225\u4eba\u9a5a\u5947\u7684\u7fa8\u6155\u3002\u300d\u5973\u8b8a\u7537TS\u963fK\u5247\u88dc\u5145\uff0cTS\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u611b\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u5438\u5f15\u51dd\u8996\u6216\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6709\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0cTS\u4e0d\u50cfCD\u90a3\u6a23\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u300c\u6709\u6043\u7121\u6050\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> \u5728\u5546\u54c1\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u5df1\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8cfc\u7269\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u5c08\u6ac3\u5c0f\u59d0\u7684\u7591\u616e\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6162\u6162\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u548c\u8aaa\u8a5e\u4f86\u8fd1\u7528\u5c6c\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u6253\u9020\uff1a\u5f9e\u8cb7\u4f86\u9001\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u9001\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5230\u66ff\u59b9\u59b9\u3001\u59ca\u59ca\u3001\u5abd\u5abd\u3001\u963f\u59e8\u8cfc\u8cb7\u2500\u2500\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u300c\u65cf\u7e41\u4e0d\u53ca\u5099\u8f09\u300d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> \u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7537\u626e\u5973TV\u5c0f\u8354\u70ba\u4e86\u5411\u592a\u592a\u51fa\u6ac3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9080\u592a\u592a\u53bb\u5713\u5c71\u4e00\u8d77\u62cd\u7167\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5247\u5973\u88dd\u5230\u5834\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u9019\u500b\u5834\u9762\u5c0d\u592a\u592a\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u500b\u300c\u5f88\u96e3\u70ba\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u5929\u96d9\u65b9\u5fc3\u60c5\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6c88\u91cd\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u6c88\u9ed8\u4e0d\u8a9e\uff0c\u5c0f\u8354\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f9e\u6b64\u7d55\u4e0d\u518d\u8b93\u592a\u592a\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u88dd\uff0c\u800c\u592a\u592a\u5247\u5272\u6368\u5c0f\u8354\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u8d77\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u7955\u5bc6\u7684\u7dd8\u9ed8\u56fa\u7136\u5f88\u96e3\u627f\u64d4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7e3d\u6bd4\u523a\u773c\u7684\u6c7a\u88c2\u4f86\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u9577\u4e45\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8005\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u51fa\u6ac3\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u5ba3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u6b63\u9762\u9762\u5c0d\u626e\u88dd\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u592b\u59bb\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u5c31\u775c\u4e00\u96bb\u773c\uff0c\u9589\u4e00\u96bb\u773c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> 2002\u5e745\u670819\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u85dd\u4eba\u9673\u4fca\u751f\u88ab\u8cfc\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8b66\u885b\u767c\u73fe\u300c\u5f62\u8de1\u53ef\u7591\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8eab\u8457\u5973\u88dd\u4f46\u8eab\u6750\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u5f88\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u985e\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u4eba\u53ea\u5f97\u9078\u64c7\u9000\u5b88\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u5167\u8863\u5167\u8932\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u6df1\u8655\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u5b8c\u5168\u79c1\u5bc6\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u5728\u641c\u8eab\u6642\u88ab\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5f15\u4f86\u66f4\u591a\u61f7\u7591\u548c\u9ebb\u7169\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u5c0fG\u5728\u5c0f\u5b78\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\u6642\u4fbf\u662f\u8e72\u8457\u5c0f\u4fbf\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u540c\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u50b3\u904d\u6821\u5712\uff0c\u5c0fG\u88ab\u8feb\u653e\u68c4\u8e72\u59ff\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u7ad9\u8457\u5c0f\u4fbf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e0a\u73ed\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u9694\u9593\u7684\u5ec1\u6240\uff0c\u5c31\u53c8\u56de\u5fa9\u5750\u59ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u8a55\u4f30\u8981\u6c42\u8a08\u756b\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u5169\u5e74\u70ba\u671f\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u8003\u9a57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u5168\u6642\u9593\u904e\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u9ad4\u8abf\u9069\u500b\u4eba\u5fc3\u614b\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u518d\u5ea6\u78ba\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u78ba\u5be6\u60f3\u8981\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u5ea6\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> \u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u742a\u5df2\u7d93\u57282001\u5e74\u6691\u5047\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u300c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u300c\u662f\u7537\u662f\u5973\u300d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u4ee5\u9738\u6c23\u7684\u614b\u52e2\u67b6\u8d77\u4e86\u4e8c\u9078\u4e00\u7684\u63a2\u7167\u71c8\uff0c\u4e00\u8209\u5426\u8a8d\u4e86\u4e5f\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6027\u5225\u300c\u9ad4\u300d\u73fe\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5b89\u65bc\u5ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u73fe\u5f62\u53d7\u8fb1\u3002Margerie Garber\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u5236\u6aa2\u9a57\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u652a\u64fe\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u65e2\u5b9a\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff081993: 10-17\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7bc7\u5e45\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c07\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> \u570b\u5167\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u5728\u624b\u8853\u524d\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u8a55\u4f30\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u7cfe\u7d1b\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u5bb6\u5c6c\u540c\u610f\u66f8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u963b\u529b\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u53ea\u5f97\u5148\u5230\u6cf0\u570b\u53bb\u52d5\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u56de\u4f86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u627e\u91ab\u5e2b\u958b\u5177\u8a3a\u65b7\u8b49\u660e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fa6\u7406\u8eab\u5206\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002\u69ae\u7e3d\u7684\u65b9\u69ae\u714c\u91ab\u5e2b\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u547c\u7c72\u885b\u751f\u7f72\u9ad4\u8a8d\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u7684\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u5bb6\u5c6c\u540c\u610f\u66f8\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8b93\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bb6\u5c6c\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6027\uff08\u898b\u81ea\u7acb\u665a\u58311999\u5e743\u67081\u65e54\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u64da\u805e1997\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u4e09\u91cd\u5730\u5340\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u88ab\u6232\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e09\u91cd\u5e6b\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u6613\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u805a\u6703\u548c\u6210\u54e1\u800c\u6f38\u6f38\u6563\u53bb\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u807d\u8aaa\u53f0\u4e2d\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u516c\u95dc\u4e5f\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e0d\u8a73\u30022000\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u300c\u53f0\u7063TG\u8776\u5712\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u58e2\u5730\u5340\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u5148\u4e09\u91cd\u5e6b\u7684\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6210\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7d61\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8776\u5712\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5b9a\u671f\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u5e73\u5747\u670940\u4f4d\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u5206\u5247\u5341\u5206\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u5167\u5df2\u7d93\u9678\u7e8c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u5728\u540d\u7a31\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u767c\u6027\u8b8a\u6027\u617e\u300c\u75c7\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u56e0\u5247\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u81f3\u65bc\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5a01\u5a01\u8aaa\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u81ea\u5df1\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u53bb\u6478\u7d22\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6027\u5fb5\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9752\u6625\u671f\u5c0d\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6253\u64ca\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u6e05\u695a\u5206\u91ce\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7a81\u7136\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u8feb\u8ddd\u96e2\u7ae5\u5e74\u7684\u73a9\u4f34\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u9060\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5287\u70c8\u8f49\u8b8a\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6b63\u5728\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u53cb\u60c5\u548c\u611b\u60c5\u4e2d\u6295\u4e0b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6700\u5f37\u8abf\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u5340\u5206\u3001\u5805\u58c1\u6e05\u91ce\u300c\u4e09\u4e0d\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u6478\u7d22\u8457\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u5f62\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u5c07\u53e6\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> 2001\u5e74\u516d\u6708Coco\u5728\u6cf0\u570b\u52d5\u5b8c\u624b\u8853\u5f8c\u6253\u9577\u9014\u96fb\u8a71\u5411\u6211\u5831\u544a\u9019\u500b\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6211\u53c8\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u540c\u60c5\u4e26\u4e14\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u7684\u554f\uff1a\u624b\u8853\u904e\u5f8c\u89ba\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u89ba\u5f97\u5c11\u4e86\u9ede\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5f88\u8f15\u9b06\uff1fCoco\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u5225\u554a\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u53cd\u6b63\u6211\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u7576\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u8981\u7a7f\u675f\u8932\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u7528\u7a7f\u3002\u300d\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u672c\u4f86\u5979\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8e72\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u990a\u6210\u9700\u8981\u7528\u624b\u62ff\u8457\u9670\u8396\u7684\u6163\u6027\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u624b\u8853\u5f8c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u624b\u7a7a\u7a7a\u300d\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> \u7f8e\u570b\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7235\u58eb\u6a02\u624bBilly Tipton\u5728\u6b7b\u6642\u624d\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u73fe\u5e7450\u6b72\u7684CD\u963f\u7f8e\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u63a1\u53d6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u4fee\u6574\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u5f88\u5e73\u975c\u7684\u8aaa\uff1a\u6b7b\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u7a7f\u5973\u88dd\u4e0b\u846c\u3002\u5979\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u5bb6\u4eba\u628a\u5979\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8863\u7269\u901a\u901a\u71d2\u7d66\u5979\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u5973\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u808c\u819a\u6ed1\u5ae9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a31\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u670b\u53cb\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u52d5\u624b\u8853\u4e5f\u90fd\u6703\u670d\u7528\u8377\u723e\u8499\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u76ae\u819a\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u807d\u807d19\u6b72\u7684\u963f\u5343\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u505a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u60b2\u5287\u6536\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u662f\u6211\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u4f60\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u75db\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u75db\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u7d66\u6211\u9322\u4f60\u4e0d\u7d66\u6211\u9322\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u505a\u3002\u4f60\u652f\u6301\u6211\uff0c\u9019\u689d\u8def\u6211\u6703\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u9806\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u6703\u62d6\u7d2f\u6211\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u9019\u689d\u8def\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u8f9b\u82e6\u3002\u2026\u2026.\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u903c\u5230\u7d55\u8def\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u653e\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u5f8c\u90a3\u689d\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u60f3\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u4fee\u8a02\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0f\u725b\u7d42\u65bc\u7372\u5f97\u5bb6\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u7c3d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2002\u5e745\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8b8a\u6027\u624b\u8853\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2004\u5e74\u51fa\u6ac3\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u9762\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bolin, Anne (1993).\u00a0 \u201cTranscending and Transgendering: Male-to-Female Transsexuals, Dichotomy and Diversity.\u201d\u00a0 Herdt.\u00a0 447-486.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bornstein, Kate (1994).\u00a0 Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Califia, Pat (1997).\u00a0 Sex Changes: The Politics of Transgenderism<\/em>.\u00a0 San Francisco: Cleis P.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cromwell, Jason (1999).\u00a0 Transmen & FTMs: Identities, Bodies, Genders & Sexualities<\/em>.\u00a0 Urbana & Chicago: U of Illinois P.<\/span><\/p>\n

Featherstone, Mike, ed. (2000)\u00a0 \u201cBody Modification: An Introduction.\u201d\u00a0 Body Modification<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Sage.\u00a0 1-14.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feinberg, Leslie (1996).\u00a0 Transgender Warriors: Making History From Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman<\/em>.\u00a0 Boston: Beacon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foucault, Michel (1978). \u00a0The History of Sexuality, Vol. I: An Introduction. <\/em>\u00a0Trans. by Robert Hurley.\u00a0 New York: Random House.<\/span><\/p>\n

Freud, Sigmund (1991).\u00a0 \u201cThe Ego and the Id.\u201d\u00a0 The Essentials of Psycho-analysis<\/em>.\u00a0 Trans. by James Strachey.\u00a0 London: Penguin.\u00a0 439-483.<\/span><\/p>\n

Garber, Marjorie (1993).\u00a0 Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing and Cultural Anxiety.<\/em>\u00a0 New York: HarperCollins.<\/span><\/p>\n

Garfinkel, Harold (1967).\u00a0 Studies in Ethnomethodology.\u00a0 <\/em>Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giddens, Anthony (1992).\u00a0 The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love & Eroticism in Modern Societies<\/em>.\u00a0 London: Polity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Goffman, Erving (1963).\u00a0 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity<\/em>. New York: Simon & Schuster.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halberstam, Judith (1998).\u00a0 Female Masculinity.\u00a0 <\/em>Durham, NC: Duke UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Herdt, Gilbert, ed. (1993)\u00a0 \u201cIntroduction: Third Sexes and Third Genders.\u201d\u00a0 Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Zone Books.\u00a0 21-84.<\/span><\/p>\n

Irvine, Janice M (1990).\u00a0 Disorders of Desire: Sex and Gender in Modern American Sexology<\/em>.\u00a0 Philadelphia: Temple UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kessler, J. Susanne (1990). \u00a0Lessons from the Intersexed<\/em>.\u00a0 New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kessler, Suzanne J. & Wendy McKenna (1978).\u00a0 Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach<\/em>.\u00a0 Chicago: U of Chicago P.<\/span><\/p>\n

MacKenzie, Gordene Olga (1994).\u00a0 Transgender Nation.<\/em>\u00a0 Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pitts, Victoria (2000).\u00a0 \u201cBody Modification, Self-Mutilation and Agency in Media Accounts of a Subculture.\u201d\u00a0 Featherstone. 291-303.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prosser, Jay (1998).\u00a0 Second Skins: The Body Narratives of Transsexuality<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Columbia UP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Raymond, Janice G. (1979, 1994) \u00a0The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male.<\/em>\u00a0 New York: Columbia U.<\/span><\/p>\n

Whittle, Stephen (1996).\u00a0 \u201cGender Fucking or Fucking Gender?: Current Cultural Contributions to Theories of Gender Blending.\u201d\u00a0 Blending Genders: Social Aspects of Cross-Dressing and Sex-Changing.<\/em>\u00a0 Eds. by Richard Ekins and Dave King.\u00a0 New York: Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wilchins, Riki Anne (1997).\u00a0 Read My Lips: Sexual Subversion and the End of Gender<\/em>.\u00a0 Ithaca, NY: Firebrand.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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