{"id":4428,"date":"1999-06-01T20:03:25","date_gmt":"1999-06-01T12:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=4428"},"modified":"2017-01-15T20:35:45","modified_gmt":"2017-01-15T12:35:45","slug":"%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%ef%bc%9a%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%80%a7%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1999\/06\/%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%ef%bc%9a%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%80%a7%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9a37\u64fe\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u5225\u653f\u6cbb\uff08\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6821\u8a02\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4fc2\u7f8e\u570b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u5b78\u8005Janet E. Halley\u6559\u63881998\u5e74\u5728Stanford Law School\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u9177\u5152\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u8005Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick\u8a2a\u53f0\u671f\u9593\u5c07\u6b64\u6587\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d66\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u7d93\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u4f5c\u8005\u65bc\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6821\u5c0d\uff0c\u7279\u6b64\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002\u5f35\u7389\u82ac\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6821\u8a02\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u300a\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u300c\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e4b\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u5c08\u865f\uff0c\u7b2c5\u30016\u671f\u5408\u520a\uff0c1999\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u9801182-207\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u52a0\u7dca\u901f\u5ea6\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u9632\u6cbb\u7acb\u6cd5\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u518d\u5730\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u55ae\u8584\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62fc\u547d\u7684\u627e\u5c0b\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u9032\u884c\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c55\u73fe\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u63a1\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u518a\u5c08\u984c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6210\u679c\u539a\u9054\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u9801\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u6548\u61c9\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u9858\u7a4d\u7d2f\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u8655\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7d42\u65bc\u6c7a\u65b7\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u5728Oncale\u5c0dSundowner\u5916\u6d77\u947d\u63a2\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63a7\u8a34\u6848\u4e2d <a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u9019\u500b\u610f\u898b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u6027\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u662f\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c07\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u9a37\u64fe\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u88ab\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u56b4\u91cd\u300d(objectively severe)\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4fbf\u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6c42\u6b61(erotic overture)\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e26\u6b61\u8fce\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u85c9\u7531\u8abf\u67e5\u500b\u5225\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u6210\u4efd\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u544a\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5c07\u6a02\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u5176\u4e2d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1b\u5728\u90a3\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u300d(social context)\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u9019\u500b\u9a37\u64fe\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff08\u88ab\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\uff09\u8077\u696d\u6a44\u6b16\u7403\u7403\u968a\u6559\u7df4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u6f84\u6e05\u6b64\u4e2d\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1a\u7576\u9019\u500b\u6559\u7df4\u5728\u7403\u5834\u4e0a\u300c\u62cd\u300d\u7403\u54e1\u7684\u81c0\u90e8\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8db3\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u544a\u8a34\u7684\u9a37\u64fe\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u6cd5\u9662\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u52d5\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u8457\u6deb\u7325\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u610f\u6db5\uff09\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4f4d\u6559\u7df4\u56de\u5230\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5167\u5c0d\u79d8\u66f8\uff08\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u843d\u5165\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u5169\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\uff08\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5167\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff09\u986f\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u524d\u8005\uff08\u7403\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u5247\u5426\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8b93\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u795e\u7955\u96e3\u61c2\uff0c\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662Scalia\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u7d50\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u5c07\u7528\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u9017\u5f04\u548c\u5b09\u9b27\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53ef\u88ab\u63d0\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5bb3\u6015\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u5c07\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u6050\u540c\u75c7\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6050\u614c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u300d\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u4e4e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5206\u6790\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6b61\u8fce\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u5c07\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5b83\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u7684\u53cd\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u660e\u767d\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff1b\u800c\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5a01\u8105\u6211\u5011\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u53cd\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u5ba3\u544a\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u800c\u9762\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5a01\u8105\u6211\u5011\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u65b0\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7926\u5de5\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u9a57\u7926\u5167\u7a7a\u6c23\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u5b83\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u63ed\u793a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c64\u9762\u5728\u5e73\u65e5\u770b\u4f86\u7121\u5bb3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u81ea\u6050\u540c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u9a45\u7b56\u6642\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\u4e86\u3002\u7576\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u554f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8a0a\u606f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u300d(sex discrimination)\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9a37\u64fe(sexuality harassment)\u2014\u2014\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8b66\u89ba\u5230\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u3001\u64f4\u6563\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5617\u8a66\u64f4\u5f35\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u78ba\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u60f3\u589e\u52a0\u88ab\u63a7\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6c42\u8b49\u8ca0\u64d4\u3001\u9f13\u5439\u7518\u5192\u932f\u8aa4\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4ee5\u6c42\u5275\u9020\u8a98\u56e0\u7dad\u8b77\u5225\u8655\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7b49\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u4e2d\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>Joseph Oncale\u5728\u6848\u4e2d\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u7cb9\u7537\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u6cb9\u4e95\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u8005\u548c\u5169\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5a01\u8105\u53ca\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5a01\u8105\u8981\u5f37\u66b4\u4ed6\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u6b21\u4ed6\u5011\u58d3\u4f4f\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u7528\u9670\u8396\u9802\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6dcb\u6d74\u9593\u6293\u4f4f\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7528\u4e00\u584a\u80a5\u7682\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff08\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u5230\u5e95\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\u3002Oncale\u7684\u7533\u8a34\u4e00\u518d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5728\u6297\u8b70\u4e2d\u8fad\u4e86\u8077\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5be9\u5224\u548c\u4e0a\u8a34\u7684\u5404\u7d1a\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u88c1\u5b9aOncale\u7121\u6cd5\u8a34\u8af8\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u524d\u4f8b\u76f4\u6307Catharine A. MacKinnon\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u524d\u4f8b\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u95dc\u4e4e\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u5c0d\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5bb0\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u7537\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u53d7\u82e6\u6642\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u6027\u9a37\u64fe <a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002MacKinnon\u57281979\u5e74\u66fe\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u958b\u62d3\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5c08\u66f8\u300a\u5973\u6027\u8077\u5834\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300b(<em>Sexual Harassment of Working Women<\/em>\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u8b6f\u70ba\u300a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8207\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u300b)<strong> <a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u4f9d\u5faa\u524d\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u53ca\u6b21\u8981\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5c31\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0dMacKinnon\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7406\u8ad6\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5979\u66f8\u4e2d\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u95dc\u6027(sexuality)\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u6027\u5225(gender)\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5207\u65b7\u6216\u62bd\u96e2\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f37\u66b4\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff08\u8996\u5f37\u66b4\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6027\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u90a3\u500b\u6700\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u628a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8996\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u6027\u7f6a\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff08\u8207\u5f37\u66b4\uff09\u662f\u548c\u6027\u617e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u6027\u5225\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u617e\u662f\u5b83\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff08\u548c\u5f37\u66b4\uff09\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u8272\u60c5\u5316\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5c48\u5f9e\uff1b\u5b83\u6f14\u51fa\u4e26\u6df1\u5316\u5973\u6027\u505a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7121\u529b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u505a\u70ba\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7121\u529b\u72c0\u614b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u7528\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u66d6\u6627\u4e0d\u540d\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u7d66\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u5f88\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u660e\u767d\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u300c\u6027\u300d(sex)\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff08\u6211\u5c07\u5b83\u7a31\u70basex1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u540c\u7a2e\u4e8c\u5f62(dimorphism)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u8207\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5927\u81f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u540c\u6642\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u300c\u5e79\u300d(fucking)\u6210\u70ba\u6ce8\u610f\u7126\u9ede\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u6211\u5c07\u5b83\u7a31\u70basex2\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31MacKinnon\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u300d(sexuality)\u5c31\u662fsex2\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u4eba\u969b\u9762\u5411\uff1b\u800c\u5979\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u6642\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u5230\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6027\u5225\u3002\u5c0dMacKinnon\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f37\u66b4\u548c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u90fd\u662fsex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u7684\u7570\u9ad4\u540c\u6e90(homologous)\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7528sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u4f86\u884d\u751f\u6027\u5225\uff1b\u800c\u6027\u5225\u5247\u4f7f\u7537\u6027\u50cf\u7537\u6027\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f54\u4e0a\u98a8\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5973\u6027\u50cf\u5973\u6027\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c48\u5f9e\u7684\uff09\u3002\u5973\u4eba\u505a\u70ba\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u7121\u529b\u7684\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5c48\u5f9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5f37\u66b4\u548c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u8ce6\u4e88\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5c0dMacKinnon\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u968e\u5c64\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5c07MacKinnon\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u4fbf\u3001\u7dca\u56fa\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u7537\u4eba\u5728sex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u5f37\u66b4\u6216\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u4ed6\u5011\u4f54\u4e0a\u98a8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff1b\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u4f5c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u8b93\u5973\u4eba\u5c48\u5f9e\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\uff08\u7537\u4eba\uff09\u8d0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\uff08\u5973\u4eba\uff09\u8f38\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5c31MacKinnon\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff1asex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6027\u5225\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u3002\u7576\u6709\u95dc\u5f37\u66b4\u548c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f9e\u5973\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u70basex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u63d0\u4f9b\u7642\u65b9\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63ed\u9732\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e26\u52d5\u7528\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u89e3\u6d88\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u5973\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5c55\u6f14\uff0c\u5c0dMacKinnon\u57281979\u5e74\u69cb\u60f3\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5979\u5728\u5225\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u7537\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0d\u53ea\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5bb0\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u3001\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u548c\u5b83\u5e73\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u906d\u53d7\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5973\u4eba\u85c9\u8457\u5979\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\u4f86\u5411\u9019\u500b\u7262\u4e0d\u53ef\u7834\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u544a\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5c55\u73fe\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5979\u70ba\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52d5\u5c55\u6f14\u4e86\u5c6c\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u4fbf\u7d66\u4e86\u5979\u6a5f\u6703\u53bb\u4e2d\u65b7\u90a3\u500b\u5728\u7537\u6027\u5bb0\u5236\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u6027\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u5c55\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u80fd\u5c55\u73fe\u5168\u9ad4\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u6b0a\u5a01\u5316\u4e86\u7537\u6027\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff1b\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5a01\u5316\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u5979\u5011\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\uff1a\u5979\u5011\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u5bb0\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u4e4b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6c88\u9ed8\u4e4b\u8072\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63a7\u8a34\u5c31\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u7537\u6027\u5bb0\u5236\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5c48\u5f9e\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u2500\u2500\u5145\u65a5\u4e86MacKinnon\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u3002Mackinnon\/Dworkin\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bb9\u8a31\u500b\u5225\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u5728\u5979\u56db\u5468\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u5225\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u5979\u8cb6\u4f4e\u5230\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5c31\u5176\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u8ce0\u511f\uff1a\u5979\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u63ed\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002MacKinnon\u8207Dworkin\u5728\u660e\u5c3c\u8607\u9054\u5ddeMinneapolis\u5e02\u5f9e\u4e8b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u6566\u4fc3\u8a72\u5730\u7684\u300c\u5340\u6bb5\u7ba1\u5236\u8207\u8a08\u5283\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(Zoning and Planning Commission)\u63da\u68c4\u5206\u5340\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u79c1\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7ba1\u5236\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u85c9\u7531\u79c1\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u986f\u500b\u5225\u5973\u6027\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u6b63\u5982MacKinnon\u544a\u8a34\u8a72\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0cMackinnon\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u53d6\u6d88\u500b\u5225\u5973\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u51fa\u8b49\u660e\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u5979\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5716\u5c07\u5979\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u300c\u6709\u95dc\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u6fc3\u7e2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6279\u8a55MacKinnon\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6279\u8a55\u5979\u4e3b\u5f35\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u53bb\u9664\u6027\u5225\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u53cd\u5c0d\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u8a00\u8ad6\u90fd\u7269\u5316\u70ba\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u6070\u5de7\u63d0\u51fa\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u63a7\u8a34\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u3002Wendy Brown\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679cMacKinnon\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u300c\u628a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5beb\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5230\u5e95MacKinnon\u5beb\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\uff1f\u53d6\u81ea\u54ea\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u5c64\u7d1a\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u628a\u51fa\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5beb\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5beb\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6e96\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u7576\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u672c\u9ad4\uff0c\u7576\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u7576\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7d50\u5408\u4e26\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u6a23\u5f0f\u88ab\u7b26\u78bc\u5316\u6210\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1f <a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><strong>[8]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0bMacKinnon\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5beb\u5979\u7684\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u914d\u5408Oncale\u6848\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7b54\u6848\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u5973\u6027\u8077\u5834\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u5927\u7d0420\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0cMacKinnon\u70ba\u4e00\u7fa4\u7acb\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6b62\u7537\u6027\u65bd\u66b4\u6216\u53d7\u66b4\u7684\u300c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u53cb\u300d(amici)\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u4efdOncale\u6848\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u53cb\u610f\u898b\u66f8(amicus brief) <a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u501f\u7528\u5217\u5728\u540d\u55ae\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u7a31\u70ba\uff1c\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff1e\uff0c\u5b83\u7c21\u660e\u5730\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u7576MacKinnon\u7684\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u65b0\u6210\u4efd\u6642\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u65b0\u6210\u4efd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7537\u4eba\u5c0d\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5bb0\u5236\u3001\u7537\uff0f\u7537\u7684sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u800c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u7537\uff0f\u5973sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u66f4\u7c60\u7d71\u7684sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MacKinnon\u5728\uff1c\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff1e\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8a73\u76e1\u8aaa\u660e\u4f86\u986f\u793a\uff0cOncale\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u6027\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u7537\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u662f\u300c\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\u800c\u53d7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5225\u7684\u500b\u5225\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u90fd\u88ab\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4e86\u300d(7)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u8f03\u5dee\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e86\uff1a\u88ab\u5f37\u8feb\u626e\u6f14\u7fd2\u6163\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u5973\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4f4e\u65bc\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6b21\u7b49\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u7537\u4eba\u88ab\u6027\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5973\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u8cb6\u640d\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u52e2\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7537\u4eba\u6240\u5931\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5225\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u3002(10)<\/p>\n<p>MacKinnon\u7684\u9019\u500b\u63cf\u7e6a\u5be6\u5728\u9a5a\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u7adf\u7136\u70ba\u56b4\u8b39\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u300c\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0d\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5225\uff0d\u5bb0\u5236\u300d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0d\u5973\u6027\u6027\u5225\uff0d\u5c48\u5f9e\u300d\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u80cc\u66f8\u3002\u9019\u500b\u80cc\u66f8\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u7dad\u6301\u4e86MacKinnon\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u300c\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u4e4b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c88\u9ed8\u4e4b\u8072\u300d\u767c\u8a00\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u2500\u2500\u5b83\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u63a1\u7d0d\u7537\u6027\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u7537\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7537\u4eba\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u529b\u6beb\u7121\u7834\u7dbb\u5730\u518d\u73fe\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\uff1c\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff1e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u628asex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u5f9e\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u62c6\u96e2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u4f86\u9b06\u52d5\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u6982\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5c0dOncale\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4fb5\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u537b\u540c\u6642\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0cOncale\u57fa\u672c\u800c\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5bb0\u5236\u529b\u3002\u9019\u600e\u9ebc\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b7\u5bb3\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u8b02\u53ef\u88dc\u511f\u7684\u640d\u5931\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027(totalism)\u3002\u5982\u540c\u300a\u5973\u6027\u8077\u5834\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\uff1c\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff1e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u5929\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u2500\u2500\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u5076\u767c\u4e8b\u4ef6(11)\u2500\u2500\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u537b\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff1a\u5c31\u5973\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\u53ef\u4f9b\u55aa\u5931\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u537b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5fcd\u53d7\u6027\u5225\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0b\u79fb\u3002\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u96d6\u7136\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u6a19\u793a\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5225\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u537b\u540c\u6a23\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\uff1a\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u53bb\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u82e5\u662f\u5931\u53bb\u7537\u6027\u6c23\u6982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u300d(7)\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u300c\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u547d\u904b\u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u793e\u6703\u5354\u5546\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u88ab\u9a37\u64fe\u624d\u300c\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e86\u300d(10\uff0c\u52a0\u4e86\u91cd\u9ede)\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u4e5f\u65b7\u5b9a\uff0cOncale\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u300c\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\uff08\u50b3\u7d71\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\uff09\u5c6c\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u5152\u672c\u8272\u300d(25)\u3002\u672c\u4f86\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u8b80\u8d77\u4f86\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u8abf\u6559\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\u6709\u5176\u53ef\u5bb9\u793e\u6703\u5354\u5546\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a72\u53e5\u5c07\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u300d\u7b49\u5b57\u773c\u4ee5\u62ec\u5f27\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u537b\u958b\u653e\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u628a\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u8b80\u6210\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1aOncale\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u653b\u64ca\u300c\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u5152\u672c\u8272\u3002\u300d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u88e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u5982\u6b64\uff0cJoseph Oncale\u7684\u7537\u5152\u672c\u8272\u662f\u4ed6\u5168\u90e8\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u5c6c\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u596a\u8d70\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u5152\u672c\u8272\uff0cOncale\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u800c\u4e14\u7279\u5225\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e(homoeroticism)\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u617e(homosexuality)\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u5c31\u4e3b\u5f35\u540c\u6027\u6200\u554f\u984c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7121\u95dc\u4e4e\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7121\u95dc\u4e4e\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u6027\u6200\u53bb\u9a37\u64fe\u548c\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u540c\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u5c31\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u6027\u6200\u53bb\u9a37\u64fe\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u7570\u6027\uff08the opposite sex\uff09\u300d(1, 24)\u6210\u54e1\u4e00\u6a23\uff1b\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6216\u540c\u6027\u6200\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005(25)\u3002\u5728\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c60\u7f69\u4e0b\uff0c\u9a37\u64fe\u5c31\u662f\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8ab0\u5411\u8ab0\u505a\u7684\uff1b\u9a37\u64fe\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6642\u6703\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u78ba\u5be6\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u800c\u5df2\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u4eba\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u300c\u5f37\u5927\u69cb\u6210\u6210\u4efd\u300d(powerful constituent)\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u504f\u96e2\u4e86\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4eba\u5403\u8667\u800c\u5df2(26-27)\u3002\u5982\u540cMacKinnon\u57281989\u5e74\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u7531\u65bc\u6027\u617e\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u51fa\u65bc\u6027\u617e\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0cMacKinnon\u4ee3\u5beb\u7684\uff1c\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff1e\u5c31\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u638f\u7a7a\u300c\u6027\u50be\u5411\u300d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u4ee5\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\uff08\u7537\u6027\u5bb0\u5236\u8207\u5973\u6027\u5c48\u5f9e\uff09\u4f86\u5145\u586b\u6027\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u5d07\u9ad8\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5927\u932f\u7279\u932f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u672c\u8eab\u542b\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u8b66\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u8b66\u8a0a\u5247\u7a81\u986f\u51fa\u5176\u4ee5\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u540c\u6027\u9593\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8b66\u8a0a\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9644\u9304\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u90a3\u5341\u56db\u500b\u7531MacKinnon\u4ee3\u5beb\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u53cb\u7d44\u7e54\u7c21\u77ed\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u66b4\u529b\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6295\u8eab\u65bc\u4e2d\u6b62\u7537\u6027\u91dd\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u3001\u6216\u7537\u6027\u91dd\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u7537\u6027\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u6062\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u6216\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u906d\u53d7\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u82e6\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u300c\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u7537\u6027\u300d(Men Against Pornography)\u7d44\u7e54\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u90fd\u5982\u540c\u8056\u65e8\u822c\u7684\u8986\u8aa6\u8457\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u53cd\u66b4\u529b\u8a08\u5283\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u660e\u78ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u5176\u9673\u8ff0\u4e2d\u537b\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08A-8\uff0dA-9\uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u6709\u6b64\u5dee\u7570\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3008\u7537\u6027\u6027\u53d7\u5bb3\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u6240\u51f8\u986f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5371\u96aa\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u300d\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u88ab\u544a\u300d\uff09\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6703\u4f7f\u7537\u2014\u7537\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u548c\u7537\u2014\u5973\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u627f\u8a8d\u9019\u5c0d\u539f\u544a\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5c31\u6709\u7acb\u5834\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u88ab\u544a\u6c92\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u5973\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61(24)\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Oncale\u6848\u7684\u6c7a\u8b70\u4e2d\u660e\u767d\u986f\u793a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u689d\u8fc5\u901f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8b49\u660e\u88ab\u544a\u6709\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u7136\u800c\u81ea\u5f9e\u5de1\u8ff4\u6cd5\u5ead\u958b\u95e2\u9019\u689d\u9053\u8def\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4eba\u6b0a\u7d44\u7e54\u5c31\u5728\u70ba\u95dc\u9589\u9019\u689d\u8def\u5f91\u800c\u596e\u6230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u5411\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6050\u614c\u7684\u6377\u5f91\uff1a\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u63a8\u65b7\u4ed6\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u904e\u9019\u4ef6\u58de\u6027\u4e8b <a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><strong>[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u7537\u2014\u7537\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u8ad6\u66f4\u662f\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u7528\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u500b\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6027\u5bb0\u5236\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u9084\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u53bb\u767c\u6398\u6d89\u6848\u8005\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u95dc\u6d89\u6848\u8005\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u9632\u7bc4\u300c\u6050\u540c\u653b\u64ca\u300d(24)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u5f9e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u617e\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u5230\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u500b\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60e1\u610f\u63a8\u8ad6\u6709\u5176\u5728\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u5728\u5f15\u7528Oncale\u7684\u5ba3\u8a93\u8b49\u8a5e\u4f86\u88dc\u5145\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a3b\u8173\u6642\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9080\u8acb\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u803d\u6eba\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u64da\u3008\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3009\u7684\u8a18\u9304\uff0cOncale\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5c0d\u6211\u9032\u884c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5f0f\u7684\u89aa\u8fd1\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d(23 n.7)\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u8b66\u8a0a\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u50cf\u90a3\u96bb\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u5598\u606f\u3002\u4f4e\u968e\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0dOncale\u6848\u7684\u610f\u898b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5448\u905e\u7d66\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u653e\u5165\u7d00\u9304\u4ee5\u63d0\u9192\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d93\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u617e\u3002Oncale\u6848\u4e0a\u8a34\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u5c4b\u300d(<em>Animal House<\/em>)\uff08\u8b6f\u8a3b\uff1a\u63071978\u5e74\u5ee3\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u6709\u95dc\u5927\u5b78\u5144\u5f1f\u6703\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u72c2\u6b61\u60e1\u4f5c\u5287\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\uff09\u5f0f\u7684\u6848\u4ef6 <a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><strong>[12]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u6b98\u5fcd\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8b80\u4f5c\u662f\u7537\u2014\u7537\u540c\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u72c2\u6b61\u51fa\u4e86\u5dee\u932f\u2500\u2500\u4ee5Scalia\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7528\u8a5e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u9017\u5f04\u6216\u5435\u9b27\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u504f\u5dee\u8d8a\u8ecc\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0cOncale\u7684\u5ba3\u8a93\u8b49\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5834\u666f\u8b80\u6210\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5f0f\u7684\u63a0\u596a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6392\u9664\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662fOncale\u2500\u2500\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6216\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u5169\u500b\u7537\u6027\u88ab\u544a\u2500\u2500\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65b7\u2500\u2500\u81f3\u5c11\u70ba\u4e86\u5be9\u8996Oncale\u6848\u5f8c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6703\u6388\u6b0a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8a34\u6848\u2500\u2500\u539f\u544a\u662f\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728Oncale\u6295\u8a34\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u4ed6\u5e7b\u60f3\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7a81\u7136\u6df1\u5207\u7684\u60f3\u8981\u6297\u62d2\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6d6e\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u4e86\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5b8c\u5099\u3001\u592a\u56fa\u8457\u4e86\u3002\u7537\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u6982\u548c\u5bb0\u5236\u529b\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u9670\u67d4\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u5c48\u5f9e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6027\u548c\u6027\u617e\u5f9e\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u5973\u4eba\u767c\u914d\u5230\u5c48\u5f9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u800c\u7537\u4eba\u5011\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u626e\u6f14\u90a3\u500b\u767c\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u627f\u53d7\u90a3\u7a2e\u5c48\u5f9e\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7aef\u8996\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u78ba\u8a8d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u56e0\u6b64Oncale\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u9019\u500b\u5168\u9762\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71\u50b7\u5bb3\u5230\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u5148\u6846\u9650\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662fOncale\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u300c\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6240\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7336\u8c6b\u5be6\u5728\u6709\u5176\u52d5\u76ea\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u5011\u7684\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff1f\u9084\u662fOncale\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff1f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6cb9\u4e95\u4e0a\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u4ed6\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5049\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u4ed6\u505a\u70ba\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f\u55ae\u55ae\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u6027\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u6027\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u610f\u7fa9\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u56fa\u8457\u65bc\u6309\u8457\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6027\u5225\u5340\u5206\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5c07\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u7121\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u914d\u5408\u90a3\u500b\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u666e\u540c\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u662f\u6975\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u88ab\u611f\u89ba\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6975\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u88ab\u5426\u8a8d\u3001\u99c1\u65a5\u3001\u61f2\u7f70\u53ca\u63a9\u84cb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u500b\u666e\u540c\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u8173\uff09\u90a3\u9ebc\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u5c0e\u4eba\u5011\u6d89\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u611f\u89ba\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u81f4\u5f37\u70c8\u3001\u6709\u6642\u8981\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u8cac\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e\u80fd\u8ffd\u8e64\u3001\u985b\u5012\u3001\u5ffd\u7565\u3001\u6216\u5632\u8af7\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u70ba\u967d\u525b\u8207\u9670\u67d4\u6027\u5225\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u50cf\u9670\u967d\u8abf\u548c\u4e00\u6a23\u2500\u2500\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u90fd\u6301\u7e8c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8457\u6027\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u7db2\u7d61\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u8207\u5176\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u60c5\u617e\u4f34\u4fb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6cd5\u5f8b\u2500\u2500\u90e8\u4efd\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u4e0b\u88ab\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5c1a\u672a\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u5340\u57df\u4e2d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u617e\u548c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u5408\u7279\u5225\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8077\u5834\u6027\u300c\u504f\u8892\u300d\u4e4b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\uff1b\u5728\u5169\u9858\u95dc\u4fc2(consensual relationship)\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9(the third party)\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff1b\u6027\u81ea\u8cac\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8005\u6709\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u617e\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u662f\u5426\u8981\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u53ea\u63a2\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d44\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8f03\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5c07\u6aa2\u9a57\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u5728\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6027\u5834\u666f\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0b\u6c42\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u800c\u4e14\u4f55\u6642\u5728\u8b66\u544a\u6211\u5011\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u5c0b\u6c42\u8f03\u72f9\u7fa9\u800c\u975e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\uff0c\u300c\u5c31\u696d\u5e73\u7b49\u6a5f\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(EEOC)\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2dClarence Thomas\u9812\u4f48\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u88dc\u6551\u4e4b\u9053\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u6709\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba <a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><strong>[13]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5c31\u696d\u5e73\u7b49\u6a5f\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e26\u4fdd\u8b49\u904b\u7528\u6b64\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u88c1\u6c7a\u5404\u9805\u76f8\u95dc\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u9664\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u5b9a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u6709\u8aa4\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u90a3\u4e9b\u907f\u514d\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u5011\u5927\u7d04\u90fd\u6703\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u7684\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3008\u6709\u95dc\u504f\u8892\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u900f\u904e\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7bc0\u5236\u8077\u5834\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8a18\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u672c\u4eba\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u62b1\u6028\uff1b\u6216\u8a31\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u78ba\u5be6\u559c\u6b61\u9019\u500b\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db(quid pro quo)\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u9ed8\u8a31\u9019\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u70ba\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u4e5f\u559c\u6b61\u9019\u6bb5\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u3008\u6709\u95dc\u504f\u8892\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u5f9e\u6700\u5c11\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u958b\u59cb\u8aaa\u660e\u63d0\u8d77\u63a7\u8a34\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u8981\u9805\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u906d\u53d7\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u5f0f\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u4ee5\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea4\u63db\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4ed6\u54e1\u5de5\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u4eab\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96c7\u4e3b\u9084\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5225\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u6c42\u6b61\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6027\u89aa\u8fd1\u4f5c\u70ba\u63db\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002EEOC\u4ee5\u6b64\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u96c7\u4e3b\u5df2\u7d93\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u8b93\u300c\u6027\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u5df2\u7d93\u906d\u53d7\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u5f0f\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e4b\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8207\u9019\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u504f\u611b\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u88ab\u7565\u904e\u7684\u540c\u50da\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u53c3\u8207\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u4ee5\u6027\u504f\u8892\u70ba\u4ea4\u63db\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88ab\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u800c\u8f38\u6389\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u4e2d\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u860a\u6db5\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9019\u5c31\u662fEEOC\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u90a3\u9084\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u8b93\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u52aa\u529b\u5275\u9020\u4e26\u64f4\u5927\u6240\u8b02\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u6642\uff0c\u3008\u6709\u95dc\u504f\u8892\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u9084\u5077\u5077\u5730\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5224\u6e96\uff1b\u9019\u500b\u64f4\u6b0a\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u662f\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u7a31\u6240\u501a\u8cf4\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5ba3\u4f48\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u770b\u5230\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76e3\u7763\u8005\u660e\u767d\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u539f\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u5347\u9077\u6a5f\u6703\u7d66\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u9858\u610f\u7528\u6027\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u4ed6\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u7576\u7136\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5347\u9077\u6a5f\u6703\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u6027\u89aa\u8fd1\u70ba\u689d\u4ef6\u4f86\u4ea4\u63db\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a> \u7136\u800c\uff0cEEOC\u537b\u5bb9\u8a31\u539f\u544a\u53ea\u85c9\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u8aaa\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u6027\u59a5\u5354\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u544a\u8a34\uff1bEEOC\u751a\u81f3\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e36\u8105\u8feb\u6210\u4efd\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u548c\u6848\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u4f55\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u6027\u6c42\u6b61\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0csex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5167\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u5230\u4e86\u50cfMacKinnon\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u7c21\u76f4\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2(primary relationship)\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u6c42\u6b61\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u5bb0\u5236\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u6307\u6d89\u8457\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u4e00\u5c31\u6709\u5176\u4e8c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6027\u3001\u6027\u5225\u548c\u6027\u617e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6392\u5217\u662f\u66f4\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u9810\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u554f\u984c\u4e86\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u591a\u6709\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6aa2\u9a57\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u6703\u6709\u9ede\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\uff0cEEOC\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u7576\u67d0\u4f4d\u540c\u50da\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u6697\u6697\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\uff09\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u5f0f\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5408\u683c\u54e1\u5de5\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u4e2d\u88ab\u7565\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8a72\u5de5\u4f5c\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u767c\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540c\u50da\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u8d77\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u6575\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u3002\u9019\u5152\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53d7\u504f\u8892\u8005\u7684\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u548c\u7372\u5f97\u5347\u9077\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8457\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u5728\u6b64\u5df2\u7d93\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u53d7\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u8207\u53d7\u5bf5\u8005\u540c\u4e00sex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u7684\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u8a72\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e5f\u7531\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u8f49\u70ba\u6575\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\uff1b\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u63d0\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\u6642\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cEEOC\u6240\u501a\u8cf4\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u975e\u5e38\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ce0\u511f\u8cac\u4efb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u767d\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u5148\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f86\u50b7\u5bb3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u88ab\u964d\u8077\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u91dd\u5c0d\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u88ab\u53bb\u8077\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5247\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u904e\u70ba\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u548c\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c7\u4e3b\u5e73\u65e5\u7528\u925b\u5f48\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u5916\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u767d\u4eba\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4f4d\u767d\u4eba\u54e1\u5de5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u88ab\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u6240\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><strong>[15]<\/strong><\/a> \u6709\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u539f\u544a\u751a\u81f3\u8072\u7a31\u5979\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5bb3\u65bc\u90a3\u91dd\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7a2e\u65cf\u878d\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7d50\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u88ab\u9019\u7a2e\u6b67\u8996\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u96aa\u5883\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><strong>[16]<\/strong><\/a> \u9019\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u7d50\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u7d50\u8b58\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4e26\u4e00\u9f4a\u5171\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u5979\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u518d\u57f7\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u8077\u5834\u7576\u7136\u6703\u6709\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u4e26\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u925b\u5f48\u6216\u4ea4\u53cb\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u96e3\u4e86\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u8a34\u662f\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u6b67\u8996\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u539f\u544a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u53d7\u504f\u8892\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u70basex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975esex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u800c\u7576\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u5169\u76f8\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cEEOC\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u62d4\u64e2\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u592b\u60c5\u5a66\u5c31\u662f\u6b67\u8996\u5176\u4ed6\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u54e1\u5de5\u904b\u6c23\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6c92\u7576\u4e0a\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u592b\u60c5\u5a66\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u4e26\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u9019\u7a2e\uff08\u51fa\u65bc\u904b\u6c23\u7684\uff09\u504f\u8892\uff08\u5b83\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5728sex1\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u800c\u975e\u5728\u904b\u6c23\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u9032\u884c\u6b67\u8996\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u5b83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u50f1\u50ad\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/a> \u6211\u5be6\u5728\u60f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u8105\u8feb\u6027\u5c31\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6307\u51fa\uff0cEEOC\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5df2\u7d93\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u76f4\u63a5\u640d\u5bb3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u601d\u8003\u67d0\u7a2e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5b83\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8da8\u5411\u6709\u591a\u5371\u96aa\uff1a\u8981\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65c1\u8b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u96c7\u4e3b\u6d89\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u6027\u7121\u79ae\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u53d7\u5bf5\u8005\u300d\u53c8\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u8105\u8feb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u53ea\u80fd\u501a\u8cf4\u539f\u544a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u50da\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\uff1b\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64daEEOC\u7684\u8b80\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u88ab\u7565\u904e\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u670d\u6536\u96c6\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8aaa\u5225\u4eba\u6d89\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u4f86\u6709\u8105\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u63d0\u4f9b\u88dc\u6551\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u6240\u6d89\u5165\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u548c\u6211\u5171\u540c\u89ba\u5f97\u4f60\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u60f3\u8981\u9032\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6211\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u90a3\u88e1\u5f97\u5230\u88dc\u511f\uff0c\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u90a3\u96bb\u793a\u8b66\u7684\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u7684\u8aaa\u670d\u8a31\u591a\u966a\u5be9\u54e1\u4f60\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u60f3\u8981\u6709\u540c\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5728\u7926\u5167\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u6307\u793a\u51fa\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u570d\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\uff1c\u6709\u95dc\u504f\u8892\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\uff1e\u8996\uff08\u4e26\u56e0\u800c\u5efa\u69cb\uff09\u8077\u5834\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8208\u8da3\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u6b64\u4e00\u8208\u8da3\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u60f3\u628a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u884c\u6027\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5168\u5957\u6280\u8853\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u985e\u4f3cMacKinnon\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5e38\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u8077\u5834\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u967d\u525b\u6c23\u6982\u548c\u5bb0\u5236\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u8457\u5979\u5011\u9670\u67d4\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u5c48\u5f9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u900f\u904e\u300c\u5c31\u696d\u5e73\u7b49\u6a5f\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d(EEOC)\u4f86\u5617\u8a66\u7d0d\u5165\u6b0a\u9650\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e16\u754c\u9762\u5411\u3002\u800c\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(politics-of-recognition)\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u627f\u8a8d\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5664\u8072\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u653e\u5979\u7684\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u8981\u900f\u904eEEOC\u4f86\u627f\u8afe\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5085\u67ef(Michel Foucault)\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u548c\u898f\u8a13\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5b83\u548c\u300c\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9bsex1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u3001sex2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u548c\u6027\u617e\u4e4b\u9593\u5404\u7a2e\u6e38\u79fb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u5408\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732EEOC\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u54e1\u5de5\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u6027\uff0c\u65bd\u5c55\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5411\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0dMacKinnon\u800c\u8a00\uff0csex1\uff08\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u540c\u9ad4\u4e8c\u5f62\uff09\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800csex2\uff08\u4eba\u969b\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff09\uff08\u5e7e\u4e4e\uff1f\uff09\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u88fd\u9020\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u5247\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6027\u617e\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5085\u67ef\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u6027\u617e\u300d\u628a\u6211\u5011\u7f6e\u653e\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u5883\u5247\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u50cfsex1\u548csex2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u9055\u80cc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u591a\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u6703\u5152\u3002\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\uff0f\u751f\u80b2\u6d3b\u52d5\u5f88\u7279\u6b8a\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u6bd4\u98f2\u98df\u4f86\u5f97\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u50cfMacKinnon\u4e00\u6a23\u8ce6\u4e88\u9019\u4e9b\u7bc4\u7587\u5f88\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u2500\u2500\u9019\u5168\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u89ba\u3002\u5085\u67ef\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u6709\u79fb\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u617e\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u5e38\u5e38\u548csex1\u3001sex2\u3001\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6027\u5225\u90fd\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u6027\u7684\u6574\u500b\u9818\u57df\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u5728\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6027\u617e\u5316\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u5316\u3001\u8b8a\u614b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6975\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5b83\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u7537\u5973\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u5c0d\u65b9\u76f8\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><strong>[18]<\/strong><\/a> \u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u6a23\u800c\u975e\u5e38\u5206\u6563\u7684\u628a\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8207\u5de5\u5177\u624d\u9020\u6210\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8a8d\u70basex1\u548csex2\u662f\u57fa\u8981(fundamental)\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u65b7\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u7bc4\u7587\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff08\u6211\u5230\u5e95\u617e\u671b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u6211\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u63ed\u9732\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6027\u617e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7d44\u7e54\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6027\u300d\uff08\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d50\u5408\u4e86sex1\u548csex2\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u54c1\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u611f\u5b98\u548c\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9020\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u4e2d\u96c6\u7d50\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u628a\u9019\u500b\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u679c\u539f\u5247\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u5404\u8655\u7686\u53ef\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\uff1a\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7b26\u5fb5(a unique signifier)\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u540c\u7684\u7b26\u6307(a universal signified)\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u2026\u2026\u3002\u300c\u6027\u300d\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6490\u8d77\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7955\u5bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u900f\u904e\u5176\u6240\u5f70\u986f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u5176\u6240\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4f86\u8ff7\u60d1\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u90a3\u88ab\u6211\u5011\u61c7\u6c42\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u672c\u76f8\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u7121\u7591\u7684\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u6027\u617e\u90e8\u7f72(deployment of sexuality)\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7bc0\u9ede\u2026\u2026\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7d55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f14\u52a9\u7684\u751f\u7522\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6eff\u4f48\u65bc\u5b83\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8868\u9762\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u6027\u662f\u6027\u617e\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3001\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u6700\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6027\u617e\u90e8\u7f72\u662f\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u7dca\u6293\u4f4f\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u3001\u5176\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5176\u7cbe\u529b\u3001\u5176\u611f\u89ba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6109\u6085\u6642\u88ab\u7d44\u7e54\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><strong>[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u751f\u547d\u6b0a\u529b\u300d(biopower)\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u5085\u67ef\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u8af8\u591a\u9ad8\u5c64\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ede\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u7fa4\u773e\u4e2d\uff0c\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u81ea\u6211\u8abf\u7bc0\u7684\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u90e8\u7f72(array)\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5085\u67ef\u624d\u5c0b\u627e\u7fa4\u773e\u898f\u8a13\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u6280\u8853\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u91ab\u85e5\uff0f\u7cbe\u795e\u7ba1\u7406(medical-psychiatric management)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6b7b\u5211\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u611f\u89ba\u53ca\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8aaa\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u90e8\u7f72\u90fd\u5728\u4ee5\u7121\u6578\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u6709\u8457\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u9ad4\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u8aaa\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\u2500\u2500\u6709\u4e9b\u5f88\u7d30\u5fae\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5f88\u8a87\u5f35\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\uff1b\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u751f\u547d\u6b0a\u529b\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u3001\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff1b\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u751f\u547d\u6b0a\u529b\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f86\u95dc\u6ce8\u5979\u5011\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6b0a\u529b\u662f\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5316(normalization)\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u74b0\u7e5e\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4f86\u5b89\u6392\u793e\u6703\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u4e5f\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u80af\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u5982\u540cFrancois Ewald\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u5e38\u614b(the norm)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u2026\u2026\u5e38\u614b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u81ea\u6211\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><strong>[20]<\/strong><\/a> \u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88fd\u9020\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u50cf\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u8a31\u591a\uff08\u91ab\u7642\u7684\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u6a5f\u69cb\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5247\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>EEOC\u7684\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u50be\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e2d\u4ecb\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4(social norm)\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u300d\u4e0d\u55ae\u55ae\u662f\u88ab\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u5dee\u7570\u6240\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u900f\u904e\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9023\u7d50\u548c\u758f\u9060\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u7d44\u7e54\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u2500\u2500\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u5247\u8981\u628a\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u95e1\u91cb\u57f7\u884c\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6027\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5728\u7926\u5751\u4e2d\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u8a0a\u7684\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u985e\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751fKristine Naragon\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u3002Naragon\u548c\u5979\u7cfb\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u5b78\u751f\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><strong>[22]<\/strong><\/a> \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u5979\u548cNaragon\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u81ea\u9858\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cNaragon\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8cac\u4efb\u9650\u5236\u5979\u53ea\u80fd\u64d4\u4efb\u5c0e\u8b80\u7e3d\u8ad6\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5247\u662f\u500b\u9032\u968e\u73ed\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u7814\u4fee\u751f\uff0cNaragon\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u64d4\u4efb\u5979\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u639b\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5316\u7684\u533f\u540dJane Doe\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u65b9\u3001\u5be9\u7406\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u548c\u4e0a\u8a34\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5979\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u53d7\u5230Naragon\u5728\u6027\u548c\u6307\u5c0e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Doe\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f97\u77e5\u9019\u6bb5\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f8c\u5411\u5927\u5b78\u7533\u8a34\uff0cNaragon\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u514d\u9664\u6559\u8077\uff0c\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u544a\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u5979\u7684\u4ea4\u53cb\u6b0a\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8aaa\u5979\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u5be9\u7406\u53ca\u4e0a\u8a34\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0aNaragon\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u5ee3\u5927\u516c\u773e\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u70ba\u9019\u4f4d\u5b78\u751fDoe\u7684\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u4ea4\u7e54\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7db2\u7d61\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u4f5c\u70ba\u66ff\u4ee3\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u61c9\u8a72\u8a2d\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7aDoe\u548c\u5979\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff1b\u6821\u65b9\u4e5f\u6709\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u8981\u628aNaragon\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u5979\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6e1b\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\uff1b\u6821\u65b9\u9084\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b78\u6821\u5728\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u7684\u6821\u8b7d\u4e0d\u53d7Naragon\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u70ba\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e00\u7d72\u4e0d\u82df\u5730\u57f7\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5bb6\u9577\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u5e74\u5973\u5152\u7684\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9023\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u6821\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7d0d\u7a05\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u6050\u540c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u7684\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Naragon\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u8077\u5834\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u6709\u529b\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u4e86\u7531Michel Warner\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u8aaa\u6cd5(heteronormativity)\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\"><strong>[23]<\/strong><\/a> Naragon\u7684\u53bb\u8077\u628a\u97f3\u6a02\u7cfb\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u3001\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u70ba\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u85c9\u8457Naragon\u7684\u89e3\u96c7\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u610f\u5473\u4f86\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200(not-gay)\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u5f37\u5316\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5e73\u5747\u503c(means)\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u5ba3\u544a\u9019\u540d\u5973\u5b78\u751fDoe\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u6289\u64c7\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5979\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662fNaragon\u4fb5\u7565\u5f0f\u6027\u617e\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff09\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u5979\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6289\u64c7\u3002\u5728\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57f7\u884c\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u628a\u5404\u65b9\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u9019\u6bb5\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\u6848\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5316(normalization)\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u6bd4MacKinnon\u300c\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u66f4\u70ba\u5408\u9069\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EEOC\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u90fd\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5f37\u5236\u7684(coercive)\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u6574\u500b\u6a5f\u5668\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7537\uff0f\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u70ba\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u65bcNaragon\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u540c\u6027\u4e8b\u5be6\u8a34\u8a1f\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5728\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u800c\u7576EEOC\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u9032\u5165\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u90a3\u500b\uff08\u5f37\u5236\u6027\uff09\u57fa\u790e\u90fd\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u53ea\u5bb9\u8a31\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u5c0d\u5176\u6240\u618e\u53ad\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8a34\u6216\u8a34\u8a1f\u3002\u9084\u597d\u5b83\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e3b\u8981\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7570\u6027\u6200\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u975e\u540c\u6027\u6200\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7537\u2215\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\u95dc\u9375\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5408\u9069\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6700\u5f8c\u968e\u6bb5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u504f\u8892\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u88fd\u9020\u6575\u610f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u9996\u5148\u78ba\u7acb\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u5982\u679c\u548c\u591a\u4f4d\u54e1\u5de5\u767c\u751f\u300c\u591a\u6b21\u300d\u5169\u9858\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u54e1\u5de5\u6536\u5230\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6027\u59a5\u5354\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u96c7\u4e3b\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u578b\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u300c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e14\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u300d\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u96d6\u672a\u6d89\u5165\u6b64\u985e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f46\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63d0\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\u7684\u6575\u610f\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u54e1\u5de5\u96d6\u7136\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fff\u6068\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u4e0b\u8981\u6c42\u88dc\u511f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EEOC\u7528\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u75c5\u614b\u7684\u8077\u5834\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5247\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u6697\u793a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><strong>[24]<\/strong><\/a> \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5411\u5973\u6027\u90e8\u5c6c\u8981\u6c42\u4e14\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u5831\u511f\u5979\u5011\uff1b\u63d0\u51fa\u544a\u8a34\u7684\u539f\u544a\u5011\u5247\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6027\u4fb5\u9032\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\"><strong>[25]<\/strong><\/a> \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6240\u5ba3\u4f48\u7684\u6575\u610f\u74b0\u5883\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u54e1\u5de5\u96d6\u672a\u5be6\u969b\u55aa\u5931\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u89ba\u5f97\u540c\u50da\u7684\u5169\u9858\u95dc\u4fc2\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5177\u9ad4\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a34\u8af8\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u50cfEEOC\u3008\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u3009\u90a3\u6a23\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u7570\u6027\u6200\u60c5\u548c\u8abf\u60c5\u904a\u6232\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u7684\u51f8\u986f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u90a3\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u8fa6\u516c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><strong>[26]<\/strong><\/a> \u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebcEEOC\u6703\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u8b80\u6210\u548c\u6027\u504f\u8892\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebcEEOC\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u96c7\u4e3b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002Anne E. Spencer\u5728General Electric\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5de5\u5ee0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f88\u504f\u9060\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u5152\u7684\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u6a5f\u5bc6\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u76e3\u5de5James Neal\u5728\u7576\u5730\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9802\u982d\u4e0a\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8(206-7)\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u6027\u72c2\u6b61\u6703\u3002\u6c34\u69cd\u6230\u548c\u7cd6\u8c46\u6230\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5929\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5750\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5927\u817f\u4e0a\uff0c\u73a9\u5f04\u8457\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u9818\u5e36\uff0c\u8a66\u8457\u812b\u6389\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u978b\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5929\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u6027\u7b11\u8a71\u548c\u8abf\u60c5\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u88e1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u6eff\u61f7\u71b1\u5ff1\u5730\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u500b\u6027\u6697\u793a\u7684\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u6372\u8d77Neal\u7684\u8932\u8173\uff0c\u5f48\u4ed6\u7684\u8932\u8170\u5e36\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u4ed6\u628a\u6372\u7159\u5668\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5c0f\u808f\u5152\u300d(little banger)\u6642\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u5927\u7b11\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u89e3\u958b\u5979\u5011\u7684\u88d9\u6263\uff0c\u628a\u786c\u5e63\u585e\u5230\u5979\u5011\u7684\u4e0a\u8863\u5e95\u4e0b\u2500\u2500\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u2500\u2500\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u51fa\u544a\u8a34\u7684Spencer (213-15)\u3002\u5979\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7537\u540c\u4e8b\u89ba\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7533\u8a34\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Spencer\u5728\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8aaaNeal\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5750\u5230\u5979\u5927\u817f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u5979\u65a5\u8cac\u4ed6\u6642\uff0cNeal\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\uff1b\u6cd5\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u8b49\u8a5e\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u78ba\u8b49\uff09\u3002Spencer\u6307\u7a31Neal\u66fe\u7d93\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u548c\u4ed6\u767c\u751f\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u4e8b\u8b49\u5be6Spencer\u7576\u6642\u66fe\u62b1\u6028\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1b\u4f46\u662fSpencer\u8aaaNeal\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8b49\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u3002Spencer\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8aaaNeal\u56e0\u70ba\u504f\u8892\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u88e1\u548c\u4ed6\u6709\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u800c\u7565\u904eSpencer\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u5979\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002Spencer\u6307\u7a31\u5979\u5728Neal\u624b\u88e1\u66fe\u7d93\u906d\u53d7\u4e0a\u767e\u6b21\u7684\u6027\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70baNeal\u5426\u8a8d\u6709\u6b64\u8209\u52d5\uff08\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70baNeal\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u8aaa\u8b0a\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u8b49\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70baSpencer\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u7bc0\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e0d\u5920\u5145\u5206\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u3002Spencer\u6307\u7a31Neal\u66fe\u7d93\u5f37\u66b4\u5979\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u5b8c\u5168\u53ea\u501a\u8cf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5728\u8b49\u64da\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u4f86\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5d17\u4f4d\u4e0a\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u6027\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6bc0\u6389\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5979\u53c8\u8aaa\u4e86\u8b0a\u2500\u2500\u6cd5\u9662\u5f8c\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u53cd\u8986\u8986\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u300c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u6574\u500b\u8b49\u8a5e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u554f\u984c\u300d(213)\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u7d50\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u5750\u5927\u817f\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53caNeal\u5c0dSpencer\u7684\u8af8\u6b21\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u90fd\u8d85\u904e\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u9650\u5ea6(219 n.17)\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e8b\u5be6\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70baGeneral Electric\u5de5\u5ee0\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8655\u4ee5\u4e00\u584a\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u7f70\u9370\uff08\u56e0\u70baSpencer\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u906d\u53d7\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70baSpencer\u89ba\u5f97\u5979\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u3001\u7c97\u4fd7\u3001\u4e14\u4e0d\u59a5\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u5979\u90a3\u500b\u8077\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u89ba\u5f97(219)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u8aa4\u6703\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1b\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u78ba\u5b9a\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u9019\u9ebc\u89ba\u5f97\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u597d\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7fSpencer\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u8aaa\u90a3\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u7406\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u70baNeal\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u98a8\u683c\u6c92\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5979\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5047\u88dd\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u7d50\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u2500\u2500\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u73feSpencer\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u90a3\u500bGeneral Electric\u5de5\u5ee0\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6703\u618e\u53adNeal\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u8077\u5834\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u4e43\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u618e\u53ad\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8996\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bcSpencer\u63a7\u8a34\u5979\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u8077\u5834\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5192\u72af(offended)\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u50b7\u5bb3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fb5\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u800c\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7576Spencer\u8868\u9054\u62d2\u7d55\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u6709\u529b\u7684\u66ff\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8655\u5883\u767c\u4e86\u8a00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5973\u4eba\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u63a7\u8a34\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u96d9\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5206\u958b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u9023\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u9808\u78ba\u5be6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8655\u5883\u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u9808\u78ba\u5be6\u627f\u53d7\u904e\u63a7\u8a34\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4fb5\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9ede\u5247\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u9055\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u8981\u6210\u7acb\u6642\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u5b9a(public endorsement)\u7684\u9580\u6abb\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u9019\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u6709\u7121\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u539f\u544a\u4f5c\u70baMacKinnon\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u5982\u4f55\uff1b\u800c\u5f8c\u9762\u9019\u500b\u5ba2\u89c0\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u539f\u544a\u6240\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u539f\u544a\u6709\u95dc\u4e3b\u89c0\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u6307\u7a31\u6709\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8986\u8aa6\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6cd5\u5b98\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u5206\u958b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u4e3b\u89c0\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u89c0\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8981\u6c42\u7d42\u7a76\u662f\u7531\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8981\u6c42\u63a8\u6f14\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u5979\u8b49\u8a5e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u6574\u500b\u90fd\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86Spencer\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f37\u66b4\u6307\u63a7\u3002Spencer\u7684\u5f37\u66b4\u8aaa\u8a5e\u662f\u8aaaNeal\u300c\u628a\u5979\u58d3\u5230\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u62c9\u4e0b\u5979\u7684\u8932\u896a\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u5979\u4ee5\u624b\u548c\u819d\u84cb\u8457\u5730\u3001\u8932\u896a\u90e8\u4efd\u812b\u5230\u5927\u817f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c3c\u723e\u6d89\u5acc\u5f9e\u5979\u80cc\u5f8c\u5f37\u66b4\u5979\u300d(212)\u3002\u7167\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u8aaa\u8a5e\u4e0d\u53ea\u672a\u7d93\u8b49\u5be6\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8db3\u63a1\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u634f\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff08Spencer\u675c\u64b0\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5979\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u5168\u7a0b\u8aaa\u8b0a\uff0c\u53ea\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5979\u8981\u6c42\u88dc\u511f\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b49\u8a5e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662fSpencer\u5c0d\u80cc\u5f8c\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5979\u5c0d\u80cc\u5f8c\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u63a1\u4fe1Spencer\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f37\u66b4\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7576Spencer\u8aaa\u5979\u53d7\u5230\u5192\u72af\u6642\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u63a1\u4fe1\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u90fd\u662f\u5979\u6240\u634f\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5979\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u90fd\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u63a1\u4fe1\u3002\u518d\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5979\u5e7b\u60f3\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6cd5\u9662\u61c9\u8a72\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u5be9\u8996\u5979\u5728\u8a72\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u758f\u96e2\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u597d\u597d\u7684\u8a0a\u554f\u5979\u5c0d\u8a72\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u904a\u6232\u90a3\u7a2e\u611b\u6068\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u7d42\u7a76\u61c9\u8a72\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5979\u6240\u7d93\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u662f\u5979\u617e\u671b\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4ed4\u7d30\u5be9\u67e5Spencer\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u53d7\u5230\u5192\u72af\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1b\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301Spencer\u66fe\u7d93\u53d7\u5230\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1aSpencer \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u90fd\u6703\u611f\u89ba\u53d7\u5230\u5192\u72af\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5141\u8a31\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u2500\u2500\u4ea6\u5373\u6211\u5011\u540c\u5e38\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u300c\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u300d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8207\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u696d\u5a66\u5973\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u2500\u2500\u4f86\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3Spencer\u672c\u8eab\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5192\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230GE (General Electric)\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u53d7\u5230\u5192\u72af\u7684\u8077\u5834\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0cSpencer\u597d\u4f3c\u8179\u8a9e\u8868\u6f14\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u5080\u5121\u5a03\u5a03\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u4efd\u5973\u4eba\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u5e7d\u9748\u822c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u8b1b\u8a71\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u4eba\uff08\u9817\u4e4f\u5584\u53ef\u9673\u7684\uff09\u7570\u6027\u6200\u88ab\u8650\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u8907\u88fd\u6210\u5c0dJoseph Oncale\u8aaa\u8a5e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u95b1\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u8a34\u8a1f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u671f\u8a31\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u67d0\u4e9b\u617e\u671b\u300d\u800c\u53bb\u61f2\u7f70\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u90a3\u96bb\u7926\u5167\u7684\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6050\u614c\u5176\u5be6\u9810\u793a\u4e86\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u800c\u5169\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u6697\u793a\uff0cEEOC\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u504f\u8892\u6cd5\u5247\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u5305\u542b\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6027\u6050\u614c\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8087\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u5230\uff0cMacKinnon\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba(proxy)\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u5728Spencer\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\u88ab\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u3002\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u6027\u6050\u614c\u8207\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u8077\u5834\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u771f\u5be6\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5085\u67ef\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996Spencer\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u770b\u6210\u751f\u547d\u6b0a\u529b(biopower)\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u67d0\u7a2e\u6027\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u5668\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679cEEOC\uff1c\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\uff1e\u6234\u4e0a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5c07\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\uff0c\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4eba\u9010\u6f38\u90fd\u6703\u5b78\u8457\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u7576\u6210\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6027\u6050\u614c\u767c\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u6240\u8ce6\u4e88\u5979\uff08\u4ed6\uff09\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u5225\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u57f7\u6cd5\u300d(spectatorial enforcement)\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5c07\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><strong>[27]<\/strong><\/a> \u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u300c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u300d (heteronormativity)\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u7406\u7684\u618e\u53ad\u88ab\u5bb9\u8a31\u7528\u4f86\u4f7f\u5f97\u5169\u9858\u7684\u8077\u5834\u6027\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\uff08\u5982\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff09\u63a7\u544a\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u771f\u61c9\u8a72\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e86\u3002MacKinnon\u7684\u7537\u2215\u5973\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u7528\u4f86\u88dd\u626e\u5973\u6027\u539f\u544a\u7684\u300c\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u300d\uff0c\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u9069\u7528\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u7576\u7537\u4eba\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9858\u610f\u8207\u5426\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6f14\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u7537\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b0a\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u6b67\u8996\u4fbf\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u4f86\u5c31\u5b83\u6240\u5f37\u52a0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u548c\u9650\u5236\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u8a34\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u500b\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u7531\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8077\u5834\u3001\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u5225\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8072\u660e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u7528MacKinnon\u7684\u6027\u5225\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u537b\u662f\u8207\u9019\u500b\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u76f8\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5247\u3002\u7576Scalia\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u81ea\u6eff\u5730\u5c07\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6575\u610f\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5448\u73fe\u7d66\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u60c5\u5e38\u7406\u300d\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u88ab\u6050\u540c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6(homophobic ontology)\u6240\u6ef2\u900f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6050\u540c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u5c31\u548cMacKinnon\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u4e00\u6a23\u5805\u5b9a\u3002\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u4e8c\u5e74\u524d\u66fe\u7d93\u5728Romer\u5c0dEvans\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u7bc7\u7fa9\u6b63\u8a5e\u56b4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff0c\u8faf\u7a31\u79d1\u7f85\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6709\u5bb3\u300d(socially harmful)\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><strong>[28]<\/strong><\/a> \u5728Oncale\u6848\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\uff1c\u504f\u8892\u554f\u984c\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\uff1e\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u63d0\u8d77\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7533\u8a34\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7533\u8a34\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5c31\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6c42\u6b61\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u8a31\u55ae\u55ae\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff01\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u53ad\u7684\u3002\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u5c07\u6703\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u300d(normalization)\u800c\u9032\u5165\u300c\u7570\u6027\u6200\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u300d(heteronormalization)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u300c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d(sex harassment)\u800c\u9032\u5165\u300c\u6027\u617e\u9a37\u64fe\u300d(sexuality harassment)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u540c\u6027\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u624d\u6709\u7684\u9867\u616e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u9867\u616e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7406\u7531\u53bb\u5047\u8a2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u6b3e\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7533\u8a34\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u4fc3\u6210\u6240\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u2500\u2500\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5979\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u9003\u6389\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u5973\u4eba\u8655\u7406\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u8301\u58ef\u7684\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u66d6\u6627\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u64f4\u5927\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u9435\u8b49\u5982\u5c71\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63d0\u5f97\u51fa\u539f\u544a\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u65bc\u6027\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0d\u6027\u611f\u5230\u618e\u53ad\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u6297\u62d2\u4efb\u4f55\u671d\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u9069\u683c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u618e\u53ad\u800c\u6c42\u511f\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;Thanks to Judith Butler, Mark Kelman, Laura McCleery, Reva Siegel, and Deborali Rhode for reading earlier drafts of this paper, and to Elizabeth Potter for steadily debating its claims with me.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u8a3b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a> 118s. Ct. 998 (1998).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a> Goluszek v. Smith, 697 F. Supp. 1452 (N.D. Ill. 1988).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a> \u7576\u7136MacKinnon\u6703\u62d2\u65a5Goluszek\u6cd5\u9662\u57281989\u5e74\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u5c07\u6307\u51fa\u5979\u78ba\u5be6\u57281997\u5e74\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a> Catharine A. MacKinnon, <em>Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination<\/em> (New Haven, 1979), pp. 220-21<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a> MacKinnon, <em>Toward a Feminist Theory of the State<\/em> (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), pp. 248-49.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a> Qtd. In Paul Brest and Ann Vendenberg, \u201cPolitics, Feminism, and the Constitution: The Anti-Pornography Movement in Minneapolis,\u201d 39 <em>Stanford Law Review <\/em>607, 613 (1987).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a> MacKinnon, <em>Feminist Theory of the State<\/em>, p. 248.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><strong>[8]<\/strong><\/a> Wendy Brown, <em>States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity<\/em> (Princeton, 1995), p. 131 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a> Brief of National Organization on Male Victimization, Inc., et al. In Oncale, No. 96-568 (U.S.S.C) (Aug. 11, 1997) (Aug.11, 1997). \u00a0Rpt. At 8 <em>U.C.L.A. Women\u2019s L. J.<\/em> 9 (1997).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a> MacKinnon,<em> Feminist Theory of the State<\/em>, p. 248 (emphasis added).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><strong>[11]<\/strong><\/a> \u8acb\u53c3\u7167\u7531Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund\u4ee5\u53caACLU\u5728Oncale\u6848\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u53cb\u610f\u898b\u66f8(amicus brief)\u3002\u8a72\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u4ee3\u8868\u6578\u500b\u4e3b\u5f35\u5973\u6b0a\u3001\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5e73\u6b0a\u3001\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u540c\u6027\u6200\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><strong>[12]<\/strong><\/a> \u6211\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u501f\u7528\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u540d\u8a5e\u662f\u4f86\u81eaKatherine Franke, &#8220;What&#8217;s Wrong with Sex Harassment?&#8221;, 49 <em>Stanford Law Review<\/em> 691, 768 ( 1 997).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><strong>[13]<\/strong><\/a> EEOC Compliance Manual, Vol. I (lnvestigative Procedures), EEOC Notice No.N-9l5-048 (January 1990); EEOC Compliance Manual, \u00a7615 (Harassment), Guidance on Employer Liability under Title VII for Sexual Favoritism (Jan. 29, 1998). The 1998 Guidance repeats the l990 Notice vebatim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a> Toscano v Nimmo, 570 F. Supp. 1197 (D. Del. 1983).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><strong>[15]<\/strong><\/a> EEOC v. T.I.M.E. &#8211; D.C. Freight, Inc., 659 F.2d 690 (sth Cir. 1981) (race discrimination);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Allen v. American Home Foods, Inc., 644 F. Supp. 1553 (N.D. Ind. 1986)(sex discrimination).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><strong>[16]<\/strong><\/a> Clayton v. White Hall School Dist., 875 F.2d 676 (8th Cir. 1989).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/a> \u7576\u8077\u5834\u4e2d\u5169\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u81ea\u9858\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0cEEOC\u63f4\u5f15Decintio v. Westchester Co. Medical Center, 817 F.2d 304 (2d Cir. 1986)\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7537\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\u82e5\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8a72\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u76ca\u88ab\u6388\u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u6709\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5973\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u7537\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\u53d7\u5230\u6b67\u8996\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u504f\u8892\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\u3002EEOC\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63f4\u5f15\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a: King V. Palmer, 778 F.2d 878 (D.D.Cir. 1985)\uff0c\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u9019\u500b\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u53f8\u628a\u6a5f\u6703\u7d66\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6649\u5347\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5347\u9077\u7684\u5973\u6027\u54e1\u5de5\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6027\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6027(sex)\u662f\u8a72\u5347\u9077\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6027(sex)\u6240\u6307\u7684\u7576\u7136\u5305\u542bSex 2\uff08\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u3001\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u8272\u60c5\u5feb\u611f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662fsex 1\uff08\u6027\u5225\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u5462? <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><strong>[18]<\/strong><\/a> Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (New York, 1980), p. 146-47.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><strong>[19]<\/strong><\/a> Foucault, pp. 154-155.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><strong>[20]<\/strong><\/a> Francois Ewald, &#8220;Norms, Discipline and the Law,&#8221; in <em>Law and the Order of Culture<\/em>, ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Robert Post, pp. 138-61, p. 156 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a> Foucault, p. 145. \u7576\u7136Foucault\u5728\u300a\u6027\u53f2\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5df2\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u66f4\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7fFoucault\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7f6e\u63db(displacement)\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5fb9\u5e95\u5168\u9762\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cEdwald\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u4fc3\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207Foucault\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><strong>[22]<\/strong><\/a> Naragon v, Wharton, 737 F.2d 1403 (5th Cir. 1984), affirming 572 F. Supp. 1117 (M.D. La. 1983).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><strong>[23]<\/strong><\/a> Michael Warner, &#8220;Introduction,&#8221; in <em>Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory<\/em>, ed. Wamer (U.of Minnesota Press, 1993), p. vii-xxxi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><strong>[24]<\/strong><\/a> Priest v. Rotary, 634 F. Supp. 571 (N.D. Cal. 1986).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><strong>[25]<\/strong><\/a> Broderick v. Ruder, 685 F. Supp. 1269 (D.D.C. 1988).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><strong>[26]<\/strong><\/a> Spencer v. General Electric Co., 697 F. Supp. 204 (E.D. Va. 1988).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><strong>[27]<\/strong><\/a> Ewald, p.156.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><strong>[28]<\/strong><\/a> Romer v. Evans, 116 S. Ct. 1620, 1633 (1996).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8f49\u8f09\u672c\u6587\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"url4428\" class=\"posturl\" value=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1999\/06\/%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%ef%bc%9a%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7%e6%80%a7%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%ef%bc%88%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e6%a0%a1\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"com4428\" class=\"postcom\" value=\"0\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4fc2\u7f8e\u570b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u5b78\u8005Janet E. H<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[306,341],"class_list":["post-4428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-83","tag-306","tag-341"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4428"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4428\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}