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\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93<\/strong>self-empowered<\/strong>\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5b78\u6703\u4e86\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6253\u58d3\u5225\u4eba\u4ee5<\/strong>empower<\/strong>\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5c0f\u5340\u88e1\u591a\u5f97\u662f\u6c92\u4e8b\u5c31\u56b4\u5bc6\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u9806\u773c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u9762\u65a5\u4e0d\u96c5\u7684\u5c0f\u5340\u7cfe\u5bdf\u968a\uff1b\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u88e1\u591a\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u8209\u500b\u4eba\u53d7\u5bb3\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6a6b\u884c\u6aa2\u9a57\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a71\u8a9e\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5992\u6068\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff1b\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u5a92\u9ad4\u88e1\u6709\u7684\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u4ed7\u7fa9\u3001\u634d\u885b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u9b54\u4eba\uff1b\u9019\u5e7e\u5e74\u5728\u793e\u904b\u5708\u88e1\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0d\u5c11\u5584\u65bc\u63ee\u7051\u9032\u6b65\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u50b2\u7136\u9738\u4f54\u4ee3\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u6436\u8457\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u6a19\u7aff\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\uff1b\u5927\u9678\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\u9084\u51fa\u73fe\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u963b\u6b62\u793e\u6703\u58ae\u843d\u56e0\u800c\u5411\u6027\u5b78\u5bb6\u6f51\u7cde\u5beb\u9ed1\u51fd\u7684\u53cd\u6027\u5927\u5abd\u5011\uff1b\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u71b1\u4e2d\u65bc\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u6de8\u5316\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u5e73\u5c08\u5bb6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u7fa9\u800c\u5f88self-empowering\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u58ef\u5927\u8207\u57f9\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6211\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5e7e\u7bc7\u6f14\u8b1b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u300c\u58ef\u5927\u300d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u88e1\u8b1b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1994\u5e743\u6708\u6211\u8b1b\u300c\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u6642\u9f13\u52f5\u5973\u6027\u8981\u300c\u6253\u7834\u8655\u5973\u60c5\u7d50\u300d\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u935b\u934a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\u54c1\u8cea\u800c\u5438\u6536\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u60c5\u617e\u4e92\u52d5\u800c\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e3b\u52d5\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u90a3\u583420\u5206\u9418\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u982d\u770b\u4f86\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u7c97\u6dfa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u62db\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u6975\u5927\u7684\u9707\u52d5\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u8b1b\u8a71\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u8a9e\u6c23\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u754f\u7e2e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e73\u5be6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u7576\u6211\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u4e0d\u6015\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u754f\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u6027\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u807d\u773e\u4e5f\u7a81\u7136\u8c41\u7136\u958b\u6717\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u90a320\u5206\u9418\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u7684\u7981\u932e\u9b06\u52d5\u4e86\uff0c\u5973\u751f\u9762\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u81ea\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u602a\u7576\u6642600\u591a\u500b\u807d\u8b1b\u7684\u5973\u751f\u5927\u7b11\u4e0d\u505c\uff0c\u9f13\u638c\u4e0d\u505c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5f88\u89e3\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u723d\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8b1b\u4efb\u4f55\u9732\u9aa8\u7684\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6545\u610f\u885d\u649e\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u5e73\u5be6\u7684\u628a\u9053\u7406\u8aaa\u6e05\u695a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9762\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e0d\u53e6\u773c\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5e73\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n

1994\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u5728\u5973\u6027\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u8857\u982d\u904a\u884c\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u51fa\u540d\u768415\u5206\u9418\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3002\u6309\u7406\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u88e1\uff0c\u5973\u751f\u807d\u5230\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u662f\u6703\u5f88\u7169\u60f1\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u904a\u884c\u968a\u4f0d\u88e1\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5538\u51fa\u4f86\u5404\u6821\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6848\u4ef6\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5f88\u5687\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u904a\u884c\u53e3\u865f\u53ea\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\uff0c\u807d\u4f86\u807d\u53bb\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u9b31\u60b6\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8aaa\u4e86\u4e5f\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u529b\u6c23\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9b31\u60b6\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u627e\u4e0a\u53bb\u6307\u63ee\u8eca\u586b\u586b\u7a7a\uff0c\u8aaa\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u8a71\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u81e8\u6642\u88ab\u6293\u4e0a\u53bb\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u5565\u8349\u7a3f\u53ef\u6253\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u9806\u52e2\u800c\u70ba\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u6790\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u5f9e\u500b\u5225\u9a37\u64fe\u8005\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5f9e\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4f86\u8ac7\u70ba\u4f55\u7537\u4eba\u6703\u8da8\u5411\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u548c\u60c5\u617e\u6587\u5316\u592a\u5c01\u9589\u3001\u592a\u5331\u4e4f\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u8981\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5766\u7136\u9032\u9000\uff0c\u8868\u60c5\u8868\u610f\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u6b7b\u5fc3\u773c\u9a37\u64fe\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u5fd9\u8457\u8ffd\u6c42\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u6211\u9084\u81e8\u5834\u8b05\u4e86\u5e7e\u53e5\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u8981\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u52d5\u526a\u5200\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u526a\u5149\u5149\u300d\uff0c\u534a\u5b09\u9b27\u534a\u8b66\u544a\u4f46\u662f\u4e7e\u8106\u4fd0\u843d\u7684\u53f0\u8a5e\uff0c\u628a\u5168\u5834\u4eba\u90fd\u9b27\u760b\u4e86\u3002\u53e3\u865f\u5f9e\u968a\u4f0d\u5f8c\u9762\u558a\u5230\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u904a\u884c\u968a\u4f0d\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ef\u6015\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u7169\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u6c23\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u6a23\u5766\u7136\u8655\u7406\u5b83\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u58ef\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

1996\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u6587\u5ba3\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f6d\u5a49\u5982\u591c\u665a\u642d\u51fa\u79df\u8eca\u88ab\u59e6\u6bba\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u98a8\u8072\u9db4\u5533\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u665a\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u51fa\u9580\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8b77\u6821\u5c0d\u6578\u767e\u540d\u5973\u751f\u8b1b\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u9632\u66b4\u4e09\u62db\u300d\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u8c6a\u6c23\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u544a\u8a34\u5979\u5011\uff0c\u50b7\u5bb3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u907f\u514d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u8eb2\u5728\u5bb6\u88e1\uff0c\u6216\u8eb2\u5728\u8b66\u5bdf\u53d4\u53d4\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5148\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u58ef\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9632\u8eab\u62db\u5f0f\uff0c\u8001\u5be6\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u62db\u5f0f\uff0c\u6c92\u529b\u6c23\uff0c\u6c92\u6c23\u52e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6c92\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9f13\u52f5\u5973\u751f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u88e1\u5e73\u5be6\u7684\u935b\u934a\u624b\u529b\u3001\u9ad4\u529b\u3001\u6c23\u9b44\uff0c\u7528\u6beb\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u548c\u754f\u61fc\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u529b\u5c0d\u4ed8\u5c0d\u65b9\u3002\u90a3\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u6f14\u7df4\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6539\u8b8a\u5973\u4eba\u7576\u6642\u7684\u754f\u61fc\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u7d00\u5ff5\u5f6d\u5a49\u5982\u7684\u591c\u9593\u904a\u884c\u968a\u4f0d\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u558a\u51fa\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u4e0d\u662f\u60b2\u621a\u7684\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u5996\u5973\u591c\u884c\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u592a\u5e73\u300d\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u58ef\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u5beb\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5beb\u300c\u58ef\u5927\u300d\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5b78\u8853\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u4e5f\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u6211\u883b\u6b23\u8cde\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7528\u8a5e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u57f9\u529b\u300d[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8d99\u525b\u6559\u6388\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u8df3\u51fa\u5992\u6068\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u57f9\u529b\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u30021987\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8e81\u52d5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u60c5\u611f\u72c0\u614b\u5c31\u662f\u65cf\u7fa4\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5145\u6eff\u5992\u6068\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u64cd\u4e5f\u5728\u5de5\u904b\u3001\u5b78\u904b\u3001\u5a66\u904b\u3001\u74b0\u904b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\u8457\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5992\u6068\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u8eab\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u65b9\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\u88e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9808\u5206\u6790\u6216\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u50c5\u501f\u8457\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5168\u7136\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u8457\u81ea\u547d\u7d14\u6f54\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u6211\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5831\u511f\u5831\u5fa9\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u5fa9\u4ec7\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/strong>\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u9020\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u8d99\u525b\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u57f9\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u958b\u767c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u6109\u6085\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u5247\u662f\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8981\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002<\/p>\n

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