{"id":4664,"date":"2017-07-03T17:59:43","date_gmt":"2017-07-03T09:59:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=4664"},"modified":"2021-07-03T10:16:24","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T02:16:24","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e6%bc%94%e8%ac%9b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2017\/07\/%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e6%bc%94%e8%ac%9b%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6027\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u3010\u9019\u662f2017\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u54c8\u723e\u6ff1\u8209\u8fa6\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e2d\u6211\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7528\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6027\u73fe\u5be6\u4f86\u95e1\u8ff0Gayle Rubin\u7684\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u7528\u8fd1\u671f\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u6027\u4f48\u5c40\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8b8a\u5316\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f86\u88dc\u5145Rubin\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u898b\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4667 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/20170703-05-\u5c0f\u4f55\u6f14\u8b1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"532\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/20170703-05-\u5c0f\u4f55\u6f14\u8b1b.jpg 960w, https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/20170703-05-\u5c0f\u4f55\u6f14\u8b1b-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/20170703-05-\u5c0f\u4f55\u6f14\u8b1b-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>\u6027\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u907a\u8de1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u689d\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9b25\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u6703\u9577\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/em>\uff08Rubin 8\uff09<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u5169\u5e74\u8209\u8fa6\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u7b2c6\u5c46\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u53c3\u52a0\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u90fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4efd12\u5e74\u7684\u5805\u6301\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\u3002\u6f58\u7d8f\u9298\u8001\u5e2b\u548c\u9ec3\u76c8\u76c8\u8001\u5e2b\u591a\u5e74\u8f9b\u52e4\u7684\u5728\u6027\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u88e1\u8015\u8018\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u300c\u6027\u300d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6e90\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7586\u571f\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u6d3b\u52d5\u806f\u5408\u5404\u65b9\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5275\u767c\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u6216\u8a31\u90fd\u807d\u8aaa\u904e\u6f58\u8001\u5e2b\u548c\u9ec3\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u8996\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff08\u73fe\u5834\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f4d\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u8f9b\u52e4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u9010\u6f38\u5c55\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7522\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8853\u76f4\u9762\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7406\u8ad6\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u4f69\u670d\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u88e1\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u8ca2\u737b\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5275\u767c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6c88\u91cd\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u7cfb\u5217\u4f86\u548c\u6f58\u8001\u5e2b\u3001\u9ec3\u8001\u5e2b\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u7e3d\u8981\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u5834\u7d5e\u76e1\u8166\u6c41\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u714e\u71ac\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e74\u6211\u9078\u64c7\u3008\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6027\u300d\u3009\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b1b\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u719f\u6089\u7f8e\u570b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005Gayle Rubin\u57281984\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8ad6\u6587\u3008\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6027\u300d\uff1a\u9081\u5411\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u6fc0\u9032\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3009\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7576\u6642\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5c64\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u904b\u4f5c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u958b\u7586\u95e2\u571f\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u6027\u300d\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u6216\u300c\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5283\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u6790\u7121\u6cd5\u6db5\u84cb\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong>\u5ffd\u7565\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u9769\u547d\u722d\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u8b80\u5230\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6642\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u555f\u767c\uff0cRubin\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u5206\u6790\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6027\u968e\u5e8f\u3001\u5426\u6027\u3001\u6027\u7684\u4f4d\u968e\u8b8a\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rubin\u7576\u6642\u547c\u7c72\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u6df1\u5316\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5225\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u5617\u8a66\u767c\u5c55\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u300230\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u5728\u5730\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u6027\u4f48\u5c40\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u5f62\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6d89\u5165\uff0c\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u90a3\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u7121\u6cd5\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u8981\u8b1b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u8da8\u52e2\u5012\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u7368\u7279\u65bc\u6027\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u632f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6027\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u908f\u8f2f\u6216\u8005\u7acb\u6cd5\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63a8\u52d5\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8a71\u8a9e\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u6211\u754c\u9650\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u56b4\u53b2\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u3001\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u55ae\u4f4d\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u5316\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5171\u632f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c0f\u770b\u6027\u9818\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u659f\u914c\u6216\u88dc\u5145\u6b64\u523b\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u8003\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5404\u4f4d\u53c3\u8003\u6216\u806f\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6027\u300d\u601d\u8003\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u300d\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rubin\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u689d\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ae0\u7b49\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50c5\u50c510\u5e74\u5f8c\u5979\u5728\u88dc\u5beb\u7684\u3008\u5f8c\u8a18\u3009\u88e1\u5c31\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u6027\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u529b\u91cf\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u60f3\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u8655\u5883\u8d8a\u767c\u56f0\u96e3\uff0841\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd1\u5e74\u6211\u5011\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u770b\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<strong>\u300c\u6027\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u4f86\u8a55\u65b7\u3001\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u4f86\u61f2\u6212\uff0c\u4f86\u60f3\u50cf<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u300d\u5718\u9ad4\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u7dca\u7e2e\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u60f3\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u9996\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c0d\u5f31\u52e2\u5c11\u6578\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u7e3d\u662f\u5404\u65b9\u6b0a\u529b\u62c9\u626f\u7684\u6230\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u537b\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0d\u6027\u908a\u7de3\u4eba\u53e3\u66f4\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c1993\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u806f\u624b\u63a8\u52d5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3008\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u8981\u8072\u8a0e\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u5b50\u3001\u7981\u7d55\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u5c11\u5973\u88ab\u8ce3\u5230\u90fd\u5e02\u70ba\u5a3c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u76e3\u63a7\u6240\u6709\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u793e\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6de8\u5316\u6240\u6709\u7db2\u8def\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u7bc4\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6d89\u5165\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u6cd5\u689d\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u300c\u5973\u6027\u9023\u7dda\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5927\u904a\u884c\u300d\u672c\u4f86\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u8ffd\u7a76\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u63a8\u52d5\u6821\u5712\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5f8c\u4f86\u537b\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u6821\u5712\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3001\u53cd\u6027\u9738\u51cc\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u6027\u5e73\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u901a\u5831\u7cfb\u7d71\u30021996-97\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u5169\u4ef6\u8f5f\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u7684\u59e6\u6bba\u6848\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u6700\u7d42\u628a\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8f15\u91cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5217\u5165\u6027\u4fb5\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5167<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u898f\u7bc4\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u8207\u5f71\u50cf\u5be9\u67e5\u3001\u611b\u6ecb\u9632\u6cbb\u3001\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u9632\u6cbb\u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u758a\u5e8a\u67b6\u5c4b\u5730\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7d0d\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u7684\u7248\u5716\u3002<strong>\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u8207\u5426\u300d\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6027\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f7f\u672c\u4f86\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u5167\u90e8\u71b1\u70c8\u722d\u8faf\u7684\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u6df1\u5165\u8faf\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7406\u60f3\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6c92\u6709\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u4eba\u99ac\u90fd\u8f49\u5411\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f86\u88c1\u6c7a\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7acb\u6cd5\u53f8\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d\u5927\u6a13\u9580\u524d\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u6f14\u7fa4\u773e\u5c0d\u5cd9\u7684\u5834\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u96d9\u65b9\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u8a71\u4f46\u662f\u5168\u529b\u904a\u8aaa\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b98\u54e1\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u4e0d\u4f46\u64f4\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ba1\u8f44\u548c\u61f2\u6cbb\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u6389\u793e\u904b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8f49\u79fb\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u60f3\u8b1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u30021994\u5e74\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u6253\u7834\u8655\u5973\u60c5\u7d50\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6211\u8981\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u300d\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u89f8\u767c\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f1995\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5973\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u5ba3\u4f48\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5973\u751f\u5bbf\u820d\u4e3b\u8fa6\u70ba\u671f\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u8272\u60c5\u5f71\u5c55\uff0c\u653e\u6620A\u7247\uff08\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\u7247\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u70ba\u5973\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u6d6a\u6f2b\u611b\u60c5\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u7537\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u8207\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u8d77\u6821\u5712\u5973\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u60c5\u617e\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u610f\u8b58\u89ba\u9192\u6210\u9577\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u4f86\u5404\u7a2e\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6e05\u695a\u9020\u6210\u5bd2\u87ec\u6548\u61c9\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u300c\u63d0\u9192\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5a92\u9ad4\u8ffd\u554f\u9810\u5099\u653e\u6620\u7684\u7247\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u5ee3\u96fb\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8cfc\u8cb7\u653e\u6620\u7248\u6b0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u300c\u5584\u610f\u7684\u300d\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u516c\u958b\u653e\u6620\u9019\u985e\u7247\u5b50\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u6563\u64ad\u7325\u893b\u800c\u89f8\u72af\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\u7f6a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u6846\u9032\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u5bb3\u6015\u89f8\u6cd5\u3001\u6182\u5fc3\u6c61\u540d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u60f3\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5331\u4e4f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5973\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u8272\u60c5\u6750\u6599\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u8b1b\u51fa\u4e0d\u4f86\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u88ab\u4eba\u8a6c\u75c5\u5927\u5b78\u83c1\u82f1\u5973\u751f\u6789\u9867\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u77e5\u6cd5\u72af\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u7814\u793e\u96d6\u7136\u653e\u6620\u4e86A\u7247\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u8ad6\u8abf\u537b\u8b8a\u6210\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u300c\u6279\u5224\u8272\u60c5\u300d\uff0c\u5973\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u60c5\u617e\u5c0d\u8a71\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u6279\u5224\u8272\u60c5\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63d0\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u7684\u958b\u62d3\u4e86\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6279\u5224\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9084\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u5ee2\u9664\u516c\u5a3c\u57f7\u7167\u3001\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u540c\u5a5a\u91cb\u61b2\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6210\u529f\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u540c\u5fd7\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8da8\u5411\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u540c\u5fd7\u904b\u52d5\u5167\u5916\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u76ee\u524d\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93<strong>\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4fee\u8a02\u6cd5\u5f8b\u689d\u6587\u7684\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u554f\u984c\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u914d\u5957\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u554f\u984c<\/strong>\u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6c1b\u570d\u4e5f\u8da8\u5411\u5f37\u70c8\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u5a5a\u59fb\u5e73\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7acb\u5834\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u5c0d\u540c\u5fd7\u904b\u52d5\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5dee\u7570\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u6392\u64e0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u8457\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u969b\u52a9\u529b\u3002\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u4e0a\u4efb\u5f8c\u7684\u540c\u5a5a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65b0\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u65e9\u76841980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u9ea5\u91d1\u5102\u63a8\u52d5\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u7acb\u6cd5\u632b\u6557\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f9e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c31\u904a\u8d70\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u63a8\u5ee3\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6cd5\u7406\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u66fe\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5c07\u300e\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u5bb0\u5236\u300f\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u6700\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u5168\u7403\u70ba\u7bc4\u570d\u4f86\u63a8\u5ee3\u9019\u7a2e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\u300210\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u51fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7531\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5e73\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u7a4d\u6975\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u6574\u5957\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u5229\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7279\u5225\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u689d\u6587\u52a0\u91cd\u512a\u5148\u57f7\u884c\uff08\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u548c\u5152\u5c11\u8b70\u984c\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\uff09\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u773e\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9806\u61c9\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u9806\u5229\u63a5\u8ecc\u3002\u96e3\u602a\u300c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u300d\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u88e1\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c08\u696d\u8981\u6c42\u5247\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u4f7f\u4e00\u8cab\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u904b\u884c\u52d5\u4efd\u5b50\u76f8\u5f62\u898b\u7d40\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5c64\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5f37\u4e16\u529f\u6559\u6388\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u66fe\u7d93\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u5927\u5be9\u800c\u5960\u7acb\u570b\u969b\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5851\u9020\u4e3b\u6b0a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6280\u8853\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u7528\u300c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d<\/strong>\u3002\u628a\u539f\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5354\u5546\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8207\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u501a\u8cf4\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u8a71\u8a9e\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u5247\u96b1\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u8207\u6311\u6230\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7528\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f86\u78ba\u7acb\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u91cb\u61b2\u4f86\u88c1\u6c7a\u540c\u5a5a\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4f86\u786c\u884c\u64fa\u5e73\u6709\u793e\u6703\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7576\u7136\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u7528\u6027\u5e73\u5165\u6cd5\u3001\u540c\u5a5a\u5165\u6cd5\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c31\u9010\u6f38\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u80fd\u5920\u64cd\u4f5c\u9019\u5957\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8ac7\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u5c0d\u8a71\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5728\u6280\u8853\u3001\u4e8b\u5be6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u7b49\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6280\u8853\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8b8a\u6210\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5224\u6e96\uff08\u5f37\u4e16\u529f 3\uff09\u3002\u8aaa\u767d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c<strong>\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u5404\u570b\u6240\u71b1\u8877\u7684\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u901a\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8f38\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u908a\u7de3\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5c0d\u908a\u7de3\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b<\/strong>\uff08\u5f37\u4e16\u529f 4\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u7406\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5f8c\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u88e1\u7684\u9806\u66a2\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6b63\u986f\u793a\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u5c0d\u6253\u9020\u570b\u65cf\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u570b\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u9577\u9a45\u76f4\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u60e1\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5148\u53cd\u601d\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u812b\u96e2\u4eba\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u6240\u8b02\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7fa8\u6155\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u8a0e\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5148\u9032\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u6548\u7387\u7684\u71b1\u70c8\u64c1\u62b1\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6548\u61c9\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u601d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u300c\u540c\u5a5a\u8b70\u984c\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u91cb\u61b2\u9054\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8981\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u7576\u7136\u662f\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u5728\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u67b6\u69cb\u88e1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u61c9\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<strong>\u6211\u8981\u8b1b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rubin\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u722d\u6230\u548c\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\uff08\u5982\u624b\u6deb\u3001\u5a5a\u524d\u6027\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u9010\u6f38\u4e14\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u8d8a\u904e\u4e86\u539f\u5148\u7684\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u5c64\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u9019\u4e9b\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5979\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u534a\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0b\u964d\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5165\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5347\u5012\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4f86\u5c0d\u4ed8\u6c61\u540d\u548c\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7e3d\u662f\u529b\u6709\u672a\u902e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u672c\u4f86\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u4e0a\u79fb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u56e0\u5b50\u300c\u5df2\u7d93\u300d\u88ab\u9010\u6f38\u5230\u4f4d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u61f2\u7f70\u56b4\u5bc6\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u6027\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u78ba\u5be6\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7db2\u8def\u7d04\u70ae\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u8996\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u5075\u8fa6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u4eab\u9732\u9aa8\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u548c\u5f71\u50cf\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591aP\uff08\u7fa4\u70ae\uff09\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8207\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u90fd\u6709\u56b4\u6cd5\u4f3a\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u8655\u7acb\u8db3\u53ea\u80fd\u6d41\u7ac4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9023\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff08\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u63d2\u5165\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u6027\u4fb5\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9ad8\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u6b0a\u52e2\u6027\u4ea4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9023\u5f71\u50cf\u90fd\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u8d85\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u800c\u88ab\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009\u7981\u7d55\u2026\u2026..\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6027\u6230\u5834\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u5c4d\u6a6b\u904d\u91ce\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u5168\u6578\u6e05\u7406\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u7981\u5340\u5df2\u7d93\u62c9\u8d77\u4e86\u5c01\u9396\u7dda\u548c\u96fb\u7db2\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u98a8\u8072\u9db4\u5533\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u81ea\u6211\u7bc0\u5236\u3001\u58d3\u6291\u885d\u52d5\u3001\u8b39\u8a00\u614e\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u88e1\u9084\u6709\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u9b54\u4eba\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u96a8\u5730\u6703\u4ee5\u53cd\u5c04\u52d5\u4f5c\u7a4d\u6975\u6383\u8569\u5371\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50\u5371\u96aa\u8a00\u8ad6\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u958b\u660e\u65bd\u6069\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u8b93\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u7d71\u300c\u6027\u300d\u79fb\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f4d\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4f55\u59a8\uff1f\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c<strong>\u7576\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u5c64\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u4e0b\u5c64\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0b\u5c64\u56e0\u5b50\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7d14\u6de8\u5316\u3001\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u5c64\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5305\u5bb9\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e86<\/strong>\u3002\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u958b\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u7f8e\u540d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u914d\u5408\u7f8e\u570b\u540c\u5a5a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u4f86\u5411\u7f8e\u570b\u8f38\u8aa0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u525b\u624d\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u53f0\u7063\u904e\u5f8020\u5e74\u88e1\u88ab\u7acb\u6cd5\u57f7\u6cd5\u8e29\u9032\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u6ce5\u6fd8\u88e1\u53bb\u7684\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u300c\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6b64\u523b\u80fd\u5920\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u300c\u6027\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u611f\u5230\u6127\u759a\u7f6a\u60e1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u9023\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5728\u53cd\u5c0d\u540c\u5a5a\u548c\u652f\u6301\u540c\u5a5a\u7684\u55a7\u56c2\u5c0d\u7acb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u91cb\u61b2\u6210\u529f\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6b61\u6b23\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c<strong>\u540c\u6027\u6200\u7a76\u7adf\u9084\u80fd\u300c\u505a\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u611b\u6ecb\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u53c8\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u6027\u96dc\u4ea4\u3001\u8ce3\u6deb\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u548c\u9694\u7d55\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u548c\u611b\u6ecb\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u5e2b\u4e5f\u89aa\u5207\u8010\u5fc3\u7684\u7167\u9867\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u65e2\u6eab\u6696\u53c8\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u5404\u6821\u5712\u5404\u55ae\u4f4d\u53bb\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5ba3\u5c0e\u9632\u6cbb\u611b\u6ecb\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u3001\u597d\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u597d\u898b\u8b49\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5148\u505a\u597d\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u8981\u9075\u5f9e\u91ab\u751f\u56d1\u5490\u4e56\u4e56\u670d\u85e5\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u967d\u5149\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8aa0\u5be6\u7684\u5411\u6027\u611b\u5c0d\u8c61\u4ea4\u4ee3\u75c5\u60c5\u3002\u8981\u662f\u9084\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u5e36\u5957\u6027\u4ea4\u3001\u96dc\u4ea4\u3001\u6feb\u4ea4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u3001\u8ce3\u6deb\u5ad6\u5a3c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u6709\u9918\u8f9c\uff1b\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u5411\u6027\u611b\u5c0d\u8c61\u4ea4\u4ee3\u75c5\u60c5\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u75285\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a12\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5f92\u5211\u4f3a\u5019\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u611b\u6ecb\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u958b\u660e\u5e74\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u80fd\u505a\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u79fb\u4f4d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u4e86\u300d\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ba1\u8f44\u548c\u58d3\u5236\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u60f3\u8aaa\u8aaa\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u5149\u660e\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u7576\u793e\u6703\u8868\u9054\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u671f\u8a31\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u81ea\u6301\u3001\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\uff1f\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u4fd7\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f60\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u80fd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8ce4\u3001\u7e7c\u7e8c\u721b\u55ce\uff1f\u4eba\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u7d66\u4f60\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u80fd\u4e0d\u81ea\u611b\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u89ba\u609f\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e5f\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u8981\u81ea\u611b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u5bb3\u7fa4\u4e4b\u99ac\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6eab\u6696\uff0c\u8207\u5b83\u76f8\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u5f88\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u6587\u660e\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u2026..\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u975e\u5178\uff08SARS\uff09\u3001\u6d41\u611f\uff0f\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u3001\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u4e0d\u65b7\u6380\u8d77\u6050\u614c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u660e\u986f\u53d7\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u885b\u751f\u7b49\u907f\u75c5\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u975e\u5e38\u4ecb\u610f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u8b66\u89ba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53e3\u7f69\u90fd\u8b8a\u6210\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u4e00\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u9694\u7d55\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5fc5\u5099\u7269\u54c1\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c<strong>\u5728\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u4f4d\u3001\u65e2\u958b\u660e\u53c8\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u7b49\u7b49\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4eba\u969b\u60c5\u617e\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7522\u751f\u300c\u9072\u7591\u300d\u300c\u9867\u5fcc\u300d\u300c\u731c\u60f3\u300d\u300c\u7126\u616e\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e2d\u65b7\u6fc0\u60c5\u617e\u671b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u628a\u300c\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u300d\u8f49\u70ba\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u8aaa\u8981\u624d\u7b97\u540c\u610f\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6027\u611b\u904e\u7a0b\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u7a4d\u6975\u540c\u610f\u624d\u53ef\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u4fb5\u3001\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff1b\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u793e\u7fa4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u660e\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u6a5f\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u5354\u5546\u6a21\u5f0f\u516c\u5f0f\u3001\u6e9d\u901a\u6697\u8a9e\u4e26\u4e14\u5805\u6301\u9075\u5b88\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e9b\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u660e\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u8209\u63aa\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u89ba\u609f\uff1a\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u4fc3\u9032\u96d9\u65b9\u5c0d\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u95dc\u5fc3\u548c\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9072\u7591\u548c\u505c\u9813\uff0c\u5c0d\u6027\u611b\u6fc0\u60c5\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7576\u982d\u51b7\u6c34\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u6cd5\u4fc3\u9032\u6027\u611b\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5fd8\u6211\u548c\u72c2\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u986f\u7136\uff0c<strong>\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6027\u611b\u502b\u7406\u91cd\u8996\u4eba\u969b\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u5354\u5546\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u6027\u611b\u4e92\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u8b93\u5f7c\u6b64\u6109\u6085<\/strong>\u3002\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6027\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f37\u529b\u6625\u85e5\u7684\u8abf\u60c5\u3001\u6311\u9017\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u3001\u52fe\u5f15\u3001\u4ee5\u9000\u70ba\u9032\u3001\u6b32\u62d2\u9084\u8fce\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u7529\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5287\u78bc\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u898f\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9808\u660e\u78ba\u5ba3\u544a\u3001\u76f4\u767d\u8868\u614b\u7684\u65b0\u6027\u611b\u502b\u7406\u4e2d\u51b7\u537b\u9000\u5834\u3002\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u611b\u5982\u6b64\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u8457\u89f8\u6cd5\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u602a\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u7121\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u65b0\u6027\u611b\u502b\u7406\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u5177\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u548c\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u6027\u611b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u624b\u88e1\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5287\u78bc\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5708\u88e1\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5973\u70c8\u58eb\u300c\u6c5f\u59d0\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5289\u80e1\u862d\u300d\u89d2\u8272\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u5c0d\u6027\u611b\u610f\u9858\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u548c\u8868\u614b\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u52e2\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u611b\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5834\u5c31\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u670b\u53cb\u5df2\u7d93\u5177\u5099\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3001\u793a\u7bc4\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u986f\u793a\uff0c<strong>\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u5411\u4e0a\u6500\u5347\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5931\u843d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u5011\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u500b\u5225\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u617e\u52d5\u529b\u3001\u5feb\u6a02\u548c\u76fc\u671b\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u6d41\u5c0d\u8a71\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u653e\u9010\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5f62\u6210\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6291\u9b31\u3002\u6027\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u79fb\u52d5\u56fa\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u958b\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6392\u64e0\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9806\u6211\u8005\u660c\u3001\u9006\u6211\u8005\u4ea1\u7684\u53e2\u6797\u908f\u8f2f\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u8b8a\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e86\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb9\u8a31\u968e\u5c64\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u958b\u660e\u53cb\u5584\u793e\u6703\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u6216\u660e\u6216\u6697\u7684\u58d3\u6291\uff0c<strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8b1b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rubin\u6587\u7ae0\u88e1\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6027\u300d\u9818\u57df\u722d\u6230\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5169\u8ecd\u5c0d\u58d8\uff0c\u4e00\u908a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u717d\u52d5\u793e\u6703\u9a5a\u6050\uff0c\u4f86\u4fc3\u6210\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7ba1\u5236\u6216\u53f8\u6cd5\u61f2\u6cbb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u5247\u662f\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u908a\u7de3\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5834\u57df\u88e1\u627f\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7d42\u65bc\u6210\u529f\u52a0\u5165\u5148\u9032\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6027\u722d\u6230\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u90e8\u7f72\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u6f54\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4e00\u908a\u5728\u8a71\u8a9e\u548c\u5be6\u529b\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5920\u7d2e\u5be6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e38\u5e38\u9677\u5165\u7121\u7406\u53ef\u8aaa\u6216\u53ea\u80fd\u8986\u980c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a87\u5927\u8073\u52d5\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u6240\u8b02\u591a\u5143\u958b\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4ee5\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u63ee\u821e\u7684\u5247\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6559\u689d\uff0c\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u8173\u672c\u3001\u55ae\u4e00\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u662f\u975e\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f86\u58df\u65b7\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u5169\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u548c\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u72c2\u98c6\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u71b1\u8b70\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u6027\u4fb5\u7136\u5f8c\u9084\u540c\u6642\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u5f9e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u8f14\u5927\u300c\u6027\u4fb5\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u7576\u300d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7f8e\u5973\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6797\u5955\u542b\u300c\u88ab\u72fc\u5e2b\u8a98\u59e6\u300d\u81ea\u6bba\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\u5927\u9678\u5317\u4eac\u96fb\u5f71\u5b78\u9662\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u300c\u88ab\u6f5b\u898f\u5247\u300d\u548c\u6027\u4fb5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4ed7\u7fa9\u8a00\u8ad6\u90fd\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u622a\u7136\u4e00\u9762\u5012\u7684\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u67b6\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u548c\u8a55\u50f9\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u4ed7\u7fa9\u7db2\u6c11\u72c2\u653b\u6feb\u7f75\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8cea\u7591\u6216\u4e2d\u7acb\u90fd\u6703\u4e00\u4f75\u88ab\u6bb2\u6ec5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u773e\u6012\u96e3\u72af\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7981\u597d\u5947\uff1a\u8b3e\u7f75\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u521d\u88fd\u9020\u65b0\u805e\u71b1\u9ede\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5169\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u60c5\u537b\u8868\u9054\u6df1\u4ec7\u5927\u6068\u822c\u7684\u6028\u61df\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\uff1f\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c40\u52e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u5404\u6b21\u8073\u52d5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u71b1\u8b70\u9010\u6f38\u9707\u76ea\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8d77\u5f37\u5ea6\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5f62\u6210\u4eca\u65e5\u300c\u6b63\u7fa9\u9b54\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u9b54\u4eba\u300d\u4f48\u6eff\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8b93\u5979\u5011\u6240\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5230\u9054\u300c\u7121\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u300d\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u8f14\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u590f\u6797\u6e05\u88ab\u505c\u8077\uff0c\u66fe\u5c07\u6797\u5955\u542b\u9000\u7a3f\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4eba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u81ea\u6bba\uff09\u3002<strong>\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u6c1b\u570d\u652f\u6490\u8d77\u9019\u9ebc\u504f\u57f7\u7684\u4ed7\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u7acb\u5834\uff1f\u9019\u9ebc\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u883b\u6a6b\u7121\u60c5\uff1f<\/strong>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c97\u6dfa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u90fd\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6380\u8d77\u9019\u9ebc\u7acb\u5834\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4ed7\u7fa9\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u9032\u6b65\u904b\u52d5\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u5805\u6301\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8ff0\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5a01\u6b0a\u9ad4\u5236\u7576\u7136\u60e1\u884c\u7121\u6578\uff0c1987\u5e74\u89e3\u56b4\u5f8c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5c0d\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u300c\u88ab\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8feb\u5bb3\u300d\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u52d5\u54e1\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u58ef\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u529b\uff0c\u9817\u6709\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4eff\u6548\u800c\u884c\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8d99\u525b\u8001\u5e2b\u66fe\u7d93\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u9ede\u51fa\uff0c<strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u81ea\u547d\u53d7\u5bb3\u56e0\u6b64\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u300c\u5992\u6068\u300d\u60c5\u611f\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7f6a\u7f70\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e26\u929c\u6068\u5f62\u6210\u5fa9\u4ec7\u96c6\u9ad4\u800c\u5df2<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u300c\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u908f\u8f2f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f31\u52e2\u5168\u7136\u7121\u529b\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u7121\u53ef\u5f4c\u88dc\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5728\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a<strong>\u6240\u5805\u6301\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u512a\u4f4d\u300d\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u6559\u689d<\/strong>\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u5feb\u5b78\u6703\u64cd\u4f5c\u9032\u6b65\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u300c\u78b0\u74f7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u51fa\u73fe<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u5f88\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u9032\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u300c\u5e95\u5c64\u512a\u5148\u300d\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u512a\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4e26\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4f01\u5716\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u56e0\u70ba\u8655\u65bc\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u800c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6975\u7aef\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5c45\u65bc\u5f31\u52e2\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u53d7\u5bb3\u6216\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u53d7\u5bb3\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5f31\u52e2\u503c\u5f97\u4ed7\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8a00\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6709\u5176\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u88e1\u7684\u5f31\u52e2\u5728\u9019\u500b\u53d7\u5bb3\u908f\u8f2f\u88e1\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u4ee3\u8a00\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u9084\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u6027\u5225\u548c\u5e74\u9f61\u8ef8\u7dda\uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5152\u5c11\u3001\u5973\u5b69\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3002\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u88e1\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u300d\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u6b21\u78b0\u89f8\u7684\u795e\u8056\u50b7\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9ad4\u89c0\u9ede\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u88ab\u5c01\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u9762\u4e4b\u8a5e\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u61a4\u5805\u6301\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u5831\u5fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u60c5\u611f\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u61f2\u6cbb\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6307\u70ba\u58d3\u8feb\u6216\u52a0\u5bb3\u7684\u5996\u9b54\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u65c1\u89c0\u6216\u5b58\u7591\u90fd\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u9109\u613f\u6216\u5e6b\u5147\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u8ad6\u8abf\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7701\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u8aa0\u61c7\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u88ab\u8003\u616e\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u60c5\u611f\u6c1b\u570d\u9010\u6f38\u978f\u56fa\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8868\u73fe\u6700\u70ba\u5f37\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u3002\u5973\u6027\u7684\u300c\u5f31\u52e2\u53d7\u5bb3\u300d\u5f62\u8c61\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u52d5\u54e1\u820a\u8c9e\u7bc0\u6587\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u704c\u6ce8\u548c\u795e\u8056\u7fa9\u61a4\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u300c\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u99d5\u99ad\u9032\u6b65\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u53ef\u656c\u53ef\u6b32\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f37\u5f31\u9ad8\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u8ab0\u7684\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u624d\u662f\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u52a0\u500d\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u56b4\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u7684\u6027\u7cfe\u7d1b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u96d9\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u78ba\u7acb\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u6240\u8b02\u6027\u4fb5\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u56b4\u5bc6\u8655\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e86\u6027\u4fb5\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6975\u7aef\u75db\u82e6\u300d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u78b0\u89f8\u56e0\u800c\u8c41\u514d\u65bc\u6838\u5be6\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7368\u7279\u6027\u6216\u8005\u500b\u5225\u6027\u300d\u5247\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u6311\u6230\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u7dd8\u9ed8\u548c\u4ed7\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u7fa9\u61a4\u5171\u540c\u5b88\u8b77\u8457\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u78ba\u7acb\uff0c\u842c\u7bad\u6307\u5411\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u56b4\u91cd\u53d7\u7f70\u3002\u9019\u500b\u842c\u592b\u6240\u6307\u57282006\u5e74\u53f0\u7063\u63a1\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u5211\u671f\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u800c\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u8ad6\u5211\uff0c\u4e00\u7f6a\u4e00\u7f70\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u4ef6\u56e0\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0a\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5211\u5ea6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u6015\u53ef\u60e1\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u80fd\u6bd4\u5f97\u4e0a\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u5211\u5ea6\u518d\u6b21\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u6027\u4fb5\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u53ef\u6015\u548c\u7f6a\u60e1\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u9ad4\u5236\u64f4\u6563\u653e\u5927\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u6027\u5e73\u9ad4\u5236\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u65bd\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6642\u53d7\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u300c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u300d\u5c07\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u6027\u5e73\u6559\u689d\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u5b78\u8853\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ae0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u7b56\u898f\u5283\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u512a\u4f4d\u8996\u89d2\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u6027\u5e73\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u8207\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u78ba\u4fdd\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6027\u5e73\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u60e1\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u7684\u300c\u5b97\u6559\u5be9\u5224\u300d\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f46\u7528\u6700\u8868\u9762\u800c\u6559\u689d\u7684\u5957\u8def\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u300c\u7537\u5f37\u5973\u5f31\u300d\u300c\u4e0a\u5f37\u4e0b\u5f31\u300d\u300c\u9577\u5f37\u5e7c\u5f31\u300d\uff09\u4f86\u5be9\u8996\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u6700\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u8b74\u8cac\u751a\u81f3\u61f2\u6cbb\u8e30\u8d8a\u65e2\u6709\u89d2\u8272\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u7368\u652c\u63a5\u6848\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u3001\u6c7a\u8b70\u7684\u5927\u6b0a\uff0c\u7955\u5bc6\u5be9\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u5be9\u5b9a\u6848\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\u7f6e\u5599\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4efb\u4f55\u8907\u9a57\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u5236\u8861\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u6027\u5e73\u9ad4\u5236\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u52a0\u91cd\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e5f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u6027\u4fb5\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u5225\u5f15\u767c\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u61a4\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u50b2\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u88ab\u9ad8\u8209\u6210\u70ba\u7121\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6b63\u7fa9\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u81ea\u52d5\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5fb9\u5e95\u5be6\u8e10\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u6559\u689d\u5f0f\u502b\u7406\u3002\u5e2b\u751f\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u89aa\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u9577\u5e7c\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u969b\u7cfe\u845b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u96d9\u65b9\u88ab\u6263\u9032\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5957\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7565\u904e\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5e7d\u5fae\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u904e\u5177\u9ad4\u4e8b\u5be6\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u4e92\u52d5\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u9808\u56de\u9867\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u7a4d\u7d2f\uff0c\u7121\u9808\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u8a8d\u5996\u9b54\uff0c\u65b7\u8a00\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u56b4\u53b2\u61f2\u6cbb<\/strong>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u60e1\u7684\u72fc\u5e2b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6190\u7684\u6797\u5955\u542b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7de8\u6392\u548c\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6975\u5ea6\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f4\u63a5\u958b\u9358\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6295\u6ce8\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5931\u843d\u3002\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5247\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u5992\u6068\u60c5\u611f\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u5c07\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u5dee\u7570\u300d\u90fd\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8f49\u5316\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u300d\u300c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u3002\u900f\u904e\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u8207\u9707\u76ea\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5152\u5c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e16\u4ee3\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8f49\u578b\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u512a\u5148\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u6297\u62d2\u6b3a\u58d3\u7684\u65d7\u5e5f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u6587\u660e\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u795e\u8056\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6e34\u671b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u50ac\u52d5\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u76e4\u7b97\uff08\u4f60\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\uff09\u548c\u731c\u5fcc\u758f\u96e2\uff08\u4f4d\u968e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u525d\u524a\u6b3a\u58d3\uff09\u3002\u7576\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7d05\u7682\u767d\u3001\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e8b\u5be6\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u53ea\u8ad6\u7d50\u69cb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u4e0a\u7db1\u4e0a\u7dda\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6210\u70ba\u5e38\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u770b\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u7b49\u7d55\u5c0d\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u795e\u8056\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u540c\u6642\u770b\u5230\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5316\u3001\u5acc\u9699\u6ecb\u751f\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u8207\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u60e1\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u52a0\u4ee5\u514b\u5236\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u9032\u6b65\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u50f9\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e73\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u5f62\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u5a5a\u4e9e\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u6212\u6389\u81ea\u8eab\u5c0d\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u937e\u611b\u50b2\u5ff5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u5f9e\u56de\u5230\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u751a\u81f3\u9817\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u300c\u505a\u4eba\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u501a\u8cf4\u904e\u53bb\u719f\u6089\u800c\u81ea\u50b2\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u75db\u82e6\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u6478\u7d22\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5316\u3001\u6027\u968e\u5e8f\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u8207\u6587\u660e\u5316\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u65b0\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4f86\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c<strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c4c\u78bc\uff0c\u88ab\u63a8\u5d07\u6210\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5de6\u53f3\u8457\u5927\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u66f4\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5c0f\u5230\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u7576\u4ee3\u5c0d\u6027\u8207\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u58d3\u6291\u8207\u58d3\u8feb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u62d2\u65a5\u6216\u8005\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u690d\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u89aa\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u55ce\uff1f\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5fc5\u9808\u8d70\u5411\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4ea4\u6613\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u671f\u671b\u7a4d\u6975\u6311\u6230\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u51b7\u9177\u7406\u6027\u76e4\u7b97\uff0c\u6c96\u6de1\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d71\u8f44\uff0c\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc<strong>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u523b\u6316\u6398\u4e26\u4e14\u7814\u7a76\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u88e1\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad4\u8ad2\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u7167\u9867\u3001\u656c\u91cd\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u3001\u539a\u9053\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u79ae\u8b93\u3001\u72a7\u7272\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u2026..<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u91cd\u65b0\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u73fe\u5be6\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u50f9\u503c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u88e1\u9ad4\u9a57\u3001\u958b\u5275\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e7e\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u5c08\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6c88\u91cd\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5617\u8a66\u5efa\u8b70\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6f58\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u8996\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u300c\u521d\u7d1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7e3d\u662f\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u5167\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4f86\u81ea\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u793e\u5340\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u7b49\u96c6\u9ad4\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cfRubin\u6216\u897f\u65b9\u9032\u6b65\u50f9\u503c\u6240\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5168\u7136\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<strong>\u5728\u83ef\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u300c\u5bb6\u300d\u300c\u65cf\u300d\u300c\u570b\u300d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u88cf\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7cfe\u7d50\u7de8\u7e54\u6210\u70ba\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u808c\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u88e1\u6298\u885d\u5354\u5546\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u5404\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5224\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u7e3d\u8981\u727d\u9023\u8457\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u60c5\u300d\u8207\u300c\u7406\u300d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8a8d\u8b58\uff1b\u60c5\u7406\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5247\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u6b77\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7aff\u5b50\u5168\u90fd\u6253\u6210\u53ea\u662f\u79c1\u5229\u6216\u79c1\u60c5\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u50be\u5411\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u904e\u6642\u3001\u4e0d\u5920\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e00\u6a23\u2500\u2500\u88ab\u6487\u68c4\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6216\u8a31\u5df2\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u64cb\u7684\u5927\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff1f\u6279\u5224\u6cd5\u5b78\u986f\u7136\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u6211\u958b\u982d\u5f15\u7528Rubin\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u722d\u6230\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6642\u52dd\u6557\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u9577\u9060\u7684\u5927\u8a08\u596e\u9b25\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f37\u65b9\u7372\u52dd\uff0c\u5f31\u65b9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u722d\u6230\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u53ef\u5fa9\u751f\u3001\u53ef\u52d5\u54e1\u3001\u53ef\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6703\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c40\u52e2\u6703\u8b8a\uff0c\u6027\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u66f4\u5bc6\u4e14\u66f4\u5bec\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u7e8c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u6b64\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u5305\u62ec\u3008\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009\uff081997\uff09\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8207\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u59a8\u5bb3\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u7f6a\u7ae0\u3009\uff081999\uff09\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u6b64\u6b21\u53f0\u5927\u5973\u751f\u653e\u6620A\u7247\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u770b\u53f0\u7063\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5f59\u7de8<a href=\"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/publication\/index.html\">http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/publication\/index.html<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u8d99\u525b\uff0c\u3008\u8df3\u51fa\u5992\u6068\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u57f9\u529b\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u4e32\u806f\u5c3c\u91c6\u548c\u5de5\u904b\uff08\u6216\u793e\u904b\uff09\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u601d\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b1998\u00a0(30)\u00a0: 117-161\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u300c\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d\u5728\u53f0\u70631990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u88e1\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u8207\u958b\u62d3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u529b\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8af8\u6b21\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\uff0c\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7a84\u5316\u5230\u300c\u62d2\u7d55\u300d\u3002\u7279\u5225\u5728\u8207\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u76f8\u95dc\u6642\uff0c\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8207\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u6301\u81ea\u611b\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u4e0d\u55ae\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u66f4\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Rubin\u5728\u6279\u5224\u55ae\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u96d9\u65b9\u5c0d\u5f85\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad4\u8cbc\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u6709\u7121\u5f37\u5236\u3001\u6109\u6085\u7684\u91cf\u8207\u8cea\uff0815\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u6ce8\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u89e3\u6c7a\u6027\u722d\u8b70\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8a98\u59e6\u300d\u300c\u6027\u4fb5\u300d\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u5e7d\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u617e\u671b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9019\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> 2009\u5317\u5e02\u53d4\u53d4\u5f37\u59e6\u59ea\u5973205\u6b21\uff0c\u7e3d\u8a08\u5224\u52111469\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u61c9\u57f7\u884c14\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\uff1b2009\u5e74\u6843\u5712\u7537\u5b50\u6027\u4fb510\u6b72\u5973\u5152\u5171\u8a08193\u6b21\uff0c\u7e3d\u8a08\u5224\u52111351\u5e74\uff0c\u61c9\u57f7\u884c20\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\uff1b2010\u5e74\u6843\u5712\u7537\u5b50\u6027\u4fb5\u8b80\u570b\u4e2d2\u540d\u89aa\u751f\u5973\u5152\u5171\u8a08198\u6b21\uff0c\u7e3d\u8a08\u5224\u52111139\u5e74\uff0c\u61c9\u57f7\u884c30\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\uff08\u898b\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u58312011\u5e742\u670811\u65e5\u5217\u8868<a href=\"http:\/\/www.appledaily.com.tw\/appledaily\/article\/headline\/20110211\/33175282\/\">http:\/\/www.appledaily.com.tw\/appledaily\/article\/headline\/20110211\/33175282\/<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5211\u671f\u66f4\u9577\u7684\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u3008\u6027\u4fb512\u5973\u7ae5\u3000\u88dc\u7fd2\u73ed\u8001\u95c6\u52244613\u5e74\u3009\uff0cETNews\uff0c 2012\u5e744\u6708\u65e5\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ettoday.net\/news\/20120404\/36617.htm\">http:\/\/www.ettoday.net\/news\/20120404\/36617.htm<\/a>\u3002\u3008\u6027\u4fb53\u500b\u5973\u5152306\u6b21\u3000\u72fc\u7236\u300c\u4e00\u7f6a\u4e00\u7f70\u300d\u52242350\u5e74\u3009\uff0cETNews 2016\u5e745\u670816\u65e5\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ettoday.net\/news\/20160516\/698899.htm\">http:\/\/www.ettoday.net\/news\/20160516\/698899.htm<\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u78ba\u7acb\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rubin, Gayle.\u00a0 \u201cThinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader.<\/em>\u00a0 Eds. by Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, David M. Halperin.\u00a0 New York; London: Routledge, 1993.\u00a0 3-44.\u00a0 Print.<\/p>\n<p>\u5f37\u4e16\u529f\u3002\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c2007\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d99\u525b\uff0c\u3008\u8df3\u51fa\u5992\u6068\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u57f9\u529b\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u4e32\u806f\u5c3c\u91c6\u548c\u5de5\u904b\uff08\u6216\u793e\u904b\uff09\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u601d\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b1998\uff0830\uff09\u00a0: 117-161\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u3010\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u9801\u8acb\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u7db2\u9801\u8a3b\u8a18\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"url4664\" class=\"posturl\" value=\"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2017\/07\/%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e3%80%8c%e6%80%a7%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e6%bc%94%e8%ac%9b%ef%bc%89\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"com4664\" class=\"postcom\" value=\"0\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u9019\u662f2017\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[481,250],"class_list":["post-4664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-24","tag-gayle-rubin","tag-250"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4664"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6246,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4664\/revisions\/6246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}