{"id":669,"date":"1984-11-10T12:25:30","date_gmt":"1984-11-10T04:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=669"},"modified":"2021-07-06T17:05:39","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T09:05:39","slug":"%e6%96%87%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e6%80%a7%e6%a0%bc%ef%bc%9f-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1984\/11\/%e6%96%87%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e6%80%a7%e6%a0%bc%ef%bc%9f-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u3010\u9019\u662f\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8ddf\u8457\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u5b78\u8005Terry Eagleton\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5b78\u6a23\u7684\u7fd2\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u7b26\u827e\u4fe0\u300d\u70ba\u7b46\u540d\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u6d77\u5916\u7248\uff0c1984\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u982d\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u6cd5\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8a13\u7df4\u5b78\u751f\u6ce8\u610f\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u6210\u898f\u3002\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5012\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u4e86\u65e5\u524d\u5433\u6f5b\u8aa0\u5148\u751f\u3008\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u656c\u4f69\u5433\u5148\u751f\u7684\u65c1\u5fb5\u535a\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u89ba\u5f97\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u503c\u5f97\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5433\u6587\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u91cd\u8996\u500b\u5225\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bb9\u7d0d\u591a\u5143\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u6587\u985e\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u66f4\u8fed\u300d\uff1b\u300c\u6587\u9ad4\u591a\u5f69\u591a\u59ff\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\u300d\uff1b\u300c\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u300d\u3002\u6545\u5433\u6587\u984c\u70ba\u3008\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\u3009\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u6545\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u6839\u64da\u5247\u51fa\u81ea1941\u5e74\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u85cd\u68ee\uff08John Crow Ransom\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300c\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u300d\uff08<em>New Criticism<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u85cd\u68ee\u628a\u6587\u5b78\u6bd4\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u8209\uff0c\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u985e\u6bd4\u6709\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5f9e\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u82e5\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff08\u5982\u85cd\u68ee\u53ca\u5433\u6587\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff1f\u5247\u5c1a\u6709\u5f85\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6587\u985e\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u591a\u5f69\u591a\u59ff\uff0c\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\uff1f\u537b\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5e6b\u6d3e\u7a2e\u985e\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5404\u9580\u5404\u6d3e\uff0c\u6709\u5305\u8ced\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5305\u5a3c\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u5404\u7acb\u51fa\u982d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u300c\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\u300d\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u597d\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u672a\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u5373\u80af\u5b9a\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5433\u6587\u5f15\u85cd\u68ee\u4e4b\u8a00\uff0c\u628a\u6563\u6587\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6bd4\u70ba\u6975\u6b0a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u53ea\u8b1b\u6c42\u6548\u7387\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\uff1b\u4e0d\u5982\u8a69\u6b4c\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u628a\u6bcf\u500b\u6210\u4efd\u7576\u6210\u6709\u529f\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u69cb\u6210\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c40\u90e8\u500b\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6253\u5f9e\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u6642\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6563\u6587\u548c\u8a69\u6b4c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4fbf\u5f88\u96e3\u5206\u91ce\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u591a\u5229\u7528\u7bc0\u594f\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u904b\u7528\u7bc0\u594f\u53ca\u97fb\u8173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u97fb\u8173\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a69\u6b4c\u4e26\u4e0d\u62bc\u97fb\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\u66f4\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u62bc\u97fb\u7684\u6563\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6563\u6587\u8207\u8a69\u6b4c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u66f4\u70ba\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6563\u6587\u8207\u8a69\u6b4c\u5728\u904b\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e0a\uff08\u5982\u7570\u8c61\u3001\u660e\u55bb\u3001\u6697\u55bb\u3001\u5c0d\u4ed7\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u85cd\u68ee\u7684\u523b\u610f\u756b\u5206\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee4\u4eba\u731c\u6e2c\u4ed6\u504f\u8892\u8a69\u6b4c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4f55\u5728\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u85cd\u68ee\u65b7\u8a00\u8ad6\u6587\u53ea\u8457\u91cd\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8a69\u6b4c\u537b\u517c\u9867\u5927\u9ad4\u53ca\u5fae\u672b\u7d30\u90e8\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6839\u64da\u3002\u5341\u516d\u3001\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u8a31\u591a\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u8996\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u904e\u6642\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u5f8c\u4ee3\u7576\u6210\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u8b80\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u8a69\u4eba\u6ce2\u666e\uff08Alexander Pope\uff09\u6700\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u53f2\u8a69\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u537b\u662f\u8a69\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5bc6\u723e\uff08John Stuart Mill\uff09\u7684\u3008\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3009\uff08&#8221;On Liberty&#8221;\uff09\u7b49\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u8a00\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u7cfb\u537b\u7576\u6210\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6587\u9078\u4f86\u8b80\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u79d1\u3001\u8a69\u6b4c\u8207\u8ad6\u6587\u4e4b\u9593\u4e26\u7121\u5929\u751f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9806\u61c9\u5404\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u504f\u597d\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u8996\u70ba\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u6587\u5b78\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u6642\u4ee3\uff08\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u4ee3\uff09\u56e0\u5176\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u8b80\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53f2\u91d1\u7d0dB. F. Skinner\u7684\u3008\u6843\u6e90\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3009<em>Walden Two <\/em>\u53ca\u6b50\u5a01\u723eGeorge 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Penn 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Arnold\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u89c0\u7684\u518d\u751f\uff0c\u662f1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u662f\u500b\u8f49\u578b\u671f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6613\u624b\uff0c\u8cb4\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u5eb8\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u5931\u52e2\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u6709\u8457\u5de8\u5927\u8b8a\u52d5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6279\u5224\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u9032\u5c55\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7121\u529b\u914d\u5408\u6642\u4ee3\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u2500\u2500\u5b97\u6559\u2500\u2500\u6025\u901f\u89e3\u9ad4\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u53ea\u77e5\u5bb4\u6a02\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u6c72\u6c72\u71df\u71df\u3001\u552f\u5229\u662f\u5716\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u548c\u832b\u832b\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u5f9e\u3001\u611a\u6627\u9589\u585e\u7684\u4e0b\u5c64\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6587\u4eba\u6df1\u611f\u300c\u5371\u6a5f\u6df1\u91cd\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u300c\u633d\u6551\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u300d\u3002\u667a\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u5361\u840a\u723e\uff08Thomas Carlyle\uff09\u3001\u963f\u8afe\uff08Mattew Arnold\uff09\u3001\u6d1b\u65af\u80af\uff08John 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