{"id":67,"date":"1997-11-04T16:08:30","date_gmt":"1997-11-04T08:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=67"},"modified":"2021-07-03T14:24:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T06:24:48","slug":"%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%88%87%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%97%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e4%b9%8b%e9%96%93%e7%9a%84%e6%84%9b%e6%81%a8%e6%83%85%e4%bb%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1997\/11\/%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%88%87%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%97%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e4%b9%8b%e9%96%93%e7%9a%84%e6%84%9b%e6%81%a8%e6%83%85%e4%bb%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u611b\u6068\u60c5\u4ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u9019\u662f\u4f55\u6625\u85641997\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\u5728\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u4e3b\u8fa6\u7684\u5927\u5c08\u9662\u6821\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u95dc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6559\u5e2b\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u7528\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u8faf\u8b49\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u88ab\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u8996\u70ba\u5927\u6575\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u50cf\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e(Frankfurt School) \u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6216\u963f\u5716\u585e(LouisAlthusser)\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u60df\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u96e3\u4ee5\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60df\u4e5f\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60df\u65b9\u5f0f\u537b\u548c\u5979\u5011\u6240\u6279\u5224\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5316\u7d04\u8ad6\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u6709\u592a\u591a\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0d\uff0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u7528\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u300c\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u7236\u6b0a\u300d\u9023\u7d50\u4e86\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u8abf\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6216\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u89c0\u9ede\u5167\uff0c\u7236\u6b0a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u7236\u6b0a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u7522\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u898f\u8a13\u734e\u61f2\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5448\u73fe\u90fd\u548c\u7236\u6b0a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u88ab\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60df\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u667a\u8b58\u7684\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u300d\uff1b\u5b83\u76f8\u4fe1\u552f\u6709\u900f\u904e\u771f\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u6216\u5be6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e26\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60df\u65b9\u5f0f\u5047\u8a2d\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6709\u95dc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u6216\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5be6\u793e\u6703\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u6216\u53cd\u6297\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u7236\u6b0a\uff09\u7d50\u69cb\u672c\u8cea\u6216\u69cb\u6210\u539f\u5247\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6216\u5be6\u8e10\u70ba\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60df\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60df\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u793e\u6703\u5167\u542b\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u672c\u8cea\u6216\u69cb\u6210\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u793e\u6703\u5167\u90e8\u5404\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90fd\u670d\u81ba\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u9019\u662f\u5316\u7d04\u8ad6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u5c31\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b8c\u7f8e\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6709\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u88ab\u6355\u6349\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u539f\u5247\uff08\u9019\u662f\u8a34\u8af8\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u300c\u9810\u5b58\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u79e9\u5e8f\u300dpre-established harmony\uff09\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u90fd\u5f88\u96e3\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u8173 \uff0c\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6(critical theory of education)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5316\u7d04\u601d\u60df\u7684\u53cd\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5f9e\u65b0\u845b\u862d\u897f\u5b78\u6d3e\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\u7b49\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8208\u8d77\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u662f\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u4e9b\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u90fd\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u5f9e\u904b\u52d5\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u537b\u4e0d\u65b7\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u53e4\u5178\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60df\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u5979\u5011\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7b49\u7684\u5206\u6790\u9084\u662f\u4f9d\u5faa\u8457\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5316\u7d04\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u518d\u751f\u7522\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u69cb\u6210\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u6027\u5225\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u6027\u5225\u9694\u96e2\u6210\u5169\u7a2e\u50c5\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u5728\u5728\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7b49\u6027\u9762\u5411\u662f\u6027\u5225\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5206\u6790\u5fc5\u9808\u4e5f\u662f\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u8108\u7d61\u5167\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5316\u7d04\u8ad6\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u793e\u6703\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u7d50\u69cb\u539f\u5247\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u793e\u6703\u300c\u5be6\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(reify)\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u5ba2\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u555f\u8499\u5f0f\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9808\u8981\u5f9e\u5be6\u8e10\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u6216\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u793e\u6703\u3002\u5085\u67ef(Foucault)\u5728\u4ed6\u665a\u671f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u300a\u6027\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u518a\uff09\u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u8e10\u300d(practices of the self)\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u8853(techniques of self-government)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u5316\u6216\u62b5\u6297\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406(governmentality)\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u898f\u5283\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u767c\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u807d\u8a71\u9806\u670d\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4(docile body)\u6216\u9ad4\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u6b0a\u529b\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u6b0a\u529b\u53ca\u62b5\u6297\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u52d5\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u65e2\uff08\u4e0d\uff09\u8981\u628a\u7d50\u69cb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u6210\u88ab\u52d5\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\uff08\u4e0d\uff09\u8981\u628a\u5979\u5011\u770b\u6210\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5ec9\u50f9\u7684\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u7fa9\u81f3\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u64cd\u6f14\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u662f\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u7d55\u671b\u3001\u5992\u6068\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8d85\u8d8a\u539f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u8173\u672c\u7684\u65b0\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u8996\u89d2\u51fa\u767c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4f7f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f97\u529b\u58ef\u5927(empowering)\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u5176\u6240\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790 \u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u5c0d\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u555f\u793a\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u7c21\u7565\u7684\u63d0\u4e00\u5169\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7559\u5f85\u5225\u7684\u5834\u5408\u518d\u8aaa\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6559\u6750\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u6559\u6750\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u53ea\u662f\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u6700\u8d77\u5148\u3001\u6700\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u8457\u529b\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5177\u6709\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u6027\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u55ae\u5411\u704c\u8f38\u70ba\u4e3b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u704c\u9032\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u7684\u6559\u6750\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u704c\u8f38\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u63d0\u6559\u6539\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5354\u5546\u5f0f\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u6559\u5e2b\u6216\u5b78\u751f\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6703\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u6559\u6750\u52a0\u4ee5\u632a\u7528\u3001\u62b5\u6297\u3001\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u95b1\u807d\u614b\u5ea6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u67d0\u500b\u6559\u6750\u662f\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u300d\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c31\u4e88\u4ee5\u7279\u5225\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u6216\u5168\u5fc3\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u504f\u898b\u7684\u6559\u6750\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4f5c\u70ba\u53cd\u9762\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5728\u6559\u6750\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0a\u9810\u5148\u6392\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u6027\u548c\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u5171\u8b58\u3001\u4e0d\u5177\u885d\u7a81\u8207\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6559\u6750\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u8f49\u79fb\u6559\u6750\u6240\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u548c\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6839\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u3001\u5236\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u6750\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5c31\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u3001\u4e0d\u5177\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u50b3\u9054\u7684\u65b0\u5171\u8b58\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6240\u50b3\u9054\u7684\u8001\u8abf\u5171\u8b58\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u65bc\u8868\u9762\u7684\u3001\u53e3\u865f\u5f0f\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6559\u6750\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u6559\u6750\u5167\u5bb9\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8108\u7d61\u65e2\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u57fa\u5c64\u6559\u5e2b\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u8207\u6559\u5e2b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u66f4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5468\u906d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u96b1\u85cf\u6216\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b78\u7a0b\uff09\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u704c\u8f38\uff0c\u5e73\u65e5\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u9593\u900f\u904e\u4e92\u52d5\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5207\u78cb\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5f9e\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u632a\u7528\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u6750\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8001\u5e2b\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b78\u6821\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u5225\u5b78\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\u6240\u5b8c\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9084\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u8001\u5e2b\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u548c\u5b78\u7a0b\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b78\u7a0b\u548c\u6559\u6750\u7e3d\u662f\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5b78\u7a0b\u8207\u6559\u6750\u300d\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u300c\u88ab\u5354\u5546\u7684\u5b78\u7a0b\u8207\u6559\u6750\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u540c\u6642\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d93\u9a57\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5168\u9762\u652f\u914d\u6216\u63a9\u84cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u9032\u884c\u5354\u5546<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6559\u5b78\u8f15\u5ffd\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5168\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8cb6\u4f4e\u5b78\u751f\uff08\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u77e5\u8b58\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u7e6b\u5b78\u6821\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u69cb\u6210\u5b78\u751f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6559\u5b78 \u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u64fa\u812b\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u8005\u3001\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u64fa\u812b\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u88ab\u6d17\u8166\u8005\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u770b\u5230\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5546\u54c1\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u6b21\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4ee3\u9593\u548c\u6027\u5225\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u6297\u722d\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6559\u5e2b\u6297\u62d2\u81ea\u8eab\u904e\u5ea6\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u652f\u914d\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u617e\u671b\u751f\u7522\u300d\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5546\u54c1\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u95dc\u6ce8\u800c\u4e14\u5b78\u7fd2\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u5f9e\u8ca0\u9762\u7981\u617e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u617e\u671b\u8207\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u5b78\u751f\u56ae\u5f80\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u5354\u5546\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u898f\u8a13\u6548\u679c\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u617e\u671b\u548c\u6109\u6085\u505a\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u58d3\u6291\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff08\u5982\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684all that is solid melts into air\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u617e\u671b\u751f\u7522\u662f\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u5404\u9818\u57df\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u6bd4\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u8f03\u70ba\u7a69\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u90e8\u4efd\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u6709\u64f4\u5f35\u81f3\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u5167\u6b0a\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u7e3d\u7e3d\uff0c\u5747\u5e36\u4f86\u4ecb\u5165\u8207\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u7236\u6b0a\u6216\u7537\u6027\u6b0a\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\u9762\u5411\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5be6\u7528\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8da3\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u529b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u632a\u7528\u5546\u54c1\u5ee3\u544a\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6210\u70ba\u6709\u6297\u722d\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u6d88\u8cbb\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u611f\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u6109\u6085\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u4f7f\u5b78\u751f\u6709\u529b(empowered)\u3001\u4f7f\u5b78\u751f\u6210\u70ba\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u904e\u7a0b\u9023\u7d50<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u62ec\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u65a5\u617e\u671b\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u9762\u770b\u5f85\u617e\u671b\u8207\u6109\u6085\u3001\u800c\u975e\u7981\u617e\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u4e0d\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u6575\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u5354\u5546\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u529b\u7684\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u67d3\u9aee\u5230\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u4f7f\u5b78\u751f\u900f\u904e\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u5f97\u5230\u95dc\u65bc\u9ad4\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u6216\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u8a8d\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u8b93\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u5e73\u7b49\u5354\u5546\u8faf\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0d\uff0d\u70ba\u4f55\u3001\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\uff0d\uff0d\u7a7f\u540d\u724c\u3001\u67d3\u9aee\u7a7f\u6d1e\u3001\u807d\u6f14\u5531\u6703\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u6027\u611b\u3001\u770b\u6f2b\u756b\u3001\u73a9\u96fb\u5b50\u96de\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

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