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\u76ee\u524d\u5b78\u754c\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u662f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u7d93\u904e1960\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6027\u9769\u547d\u885d\u64ca\u548c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u6d17\u79ae\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u53d6\u5f97\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u627e\u5230\u6559\u8077\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5c08\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u88cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u628a\u8857\u982d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6027\u5225\u53cd\u601d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5b78\u8853\u5316\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u8457\u3001\u958b\u8a2d\u76f8\u95dc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u4e3b\u8fa6\u5b78\u8853\u6703\u8b70\u3001\u767c\u884c\u520a\u7269\u3001\u6210\u7acb\u7cfb\u6240\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5c08\u696d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8853\u5efa\u5236\u9010\u6f38\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u5225\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5c07\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u50be\u5411\u5e36\u9032\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9ad8\u6821\u7559\u5b78\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81fa\u7063\u201c\u89e3\u56b4\u201d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u7cbe\u82f1\u57281990\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\u5e36\u8457\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u8abf\u6559\u201d\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u9032\u5165\u5cf6\u5167\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u628a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u9ae6\u7406\u8ad6\u5f15\u9032\u4e00\u5411\u5c31\u7dca\u8ddf\u6b50\u7f8e\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u77e5\u8b58\u5708\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u8996\u89d2\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u70ba\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u666e\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u5973\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u4e5f\u7d1b\u7d1b\u6210\u7acb\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\u7684\u201c\u5973\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u201c\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u6027\u5225\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u548c\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u5148\u6563\u898b\u6c11\u9593\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u4e32\u806f\u8d77\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u5973\u6027\u5021\u8b70\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u90fd\u6703\u9ad8\u6821\u70ba\u5834\u57df\u7684\u5973\u6b0a\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee51990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u6642\u5cf6\u5167\u7522\u696d\u7d50\u69cb\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u578b\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u51fa\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u9032\u5165\u767d\u9818\u8077\u4f4d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u671f\u70ba\u914d\u5408\u5de5\u696d\u5347\u7d1a\u800c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5ee3\u8a2d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u62db\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u3002\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5973\u6027\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u8077\u5834\u8981\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u5973\u6b0a\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u4e86\u7fa4\u773e\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6bd4\u9ad8\u6821\u77e5\u8b58\u5973\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u66f4\u65e9\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5973\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5546\u54c1\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a4d\u6975\u5438\u5f15\u5973\u6027\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u5973\u6027\u8207\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u7ad9\u59ff\u3001\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u90fd\u8da8\u5411\u5927\u81bd\u6027\u611f\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5f71\u8996\u6232\u5287\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u540c\u6642\u5f59\u96c6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7269\u8cea\u689d\u4ef6\u4f7f\u5f97\u5916\u9047\u3001\u5c0f\u4e09\u3001\u591a\u89d2\u95dc\u4fc2\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u5169\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7126\u616e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u904e\u53bb\u5f88\u5c11\u898b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6d3b\u529b\u8207\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u523a\u6fc0\u5979\u5011\u53cd\u601d\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u6b32\u898f\u7bc4\u5982\u4f55\u8ca0\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u529b\u91cf\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u990a\u6210\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u60c5\u6b32\u6230\u5834\u4e0a\u6539\u8b8a\u7537\u4e3b\u5973\u5f9e\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u908f\u8f2f\u3002[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5b78\u6210\u8fd4\u53f0\u7684\u9084\u6709\u9577\u5e74\u6d78\u6f64\u897f\u65b9\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u907f\u958b\u9ee8\u6d3e\u8272\u5f69\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u96dc\u8a8c\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u6295\u7a3f\u5831\u7d19\u526f\u520a\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7acb\u665a\u5831\u300b\u300a\u81ea\u7acb\u65e9\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u5c07\u526f\u520a\u8f49\u578b\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u6279\u5224\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u8f3f\u8ad6\u9663\u5730\u3002\u50cf\u300a\u7576\u4ee3\u300b\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u8ad6\u58c7\u300b\u300a\u5cf6\u5dbc\u908a\u7de3\u300b\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u7d50\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5712\u5730\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u201c\u89e3\u56b4\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5de6\u7ffc\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u9084\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9670\u5f71\uff0c\u5beb\u624b\u5011\u90fd\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u6279\u5224\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6279\u5224\u7684\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u8b70\u984c\u7a4d\u6975\u4ecb\u5165\u91cd\u5851\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u653f\u9ee8\u7af6\u9010\uff1a\u5a66\u904b\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u7684\u6a5f\u9047<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u8b70\u984c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u201c\u89e3\u56b4\u201d\u5f8c\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u7af6\u9010\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u6a5f\u9047\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5a66\u904b\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7576\u6642\u9084\u5728\u91ce\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u515a\u4f5c\u70ba\u5408\u4f5c\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u3001\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u51fa\u65bc\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u65b0\u8208\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u986f\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\uff0c\u5b88\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u696d\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4ee5\u8ecd\u516c\u6559\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7fa4\u773e\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u9077\u5c31\u65e2\u6709\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u5225\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u9032\u515a\u653f\u5ba2\u96d6\u7136\u4ee5\u8349\u83bd\u5927\u7537\u4eba\u5fc3\u614b\u8457\u7a31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u91ce\u9ee8\uff0c\u5728\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u6b77\u53f2\u5305\u88b1\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u5f85\u50f9\u800c\u6cbd\u7684\u672c\u9322\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u767c\u7684\u9078\u6c11\uff0c\u6c11\u9032\u515a\u653f\u5ba2\u4e5f\u6a02\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u89aa\u7da0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u63a1\u7d0d\u90e8\u5206\u5a66\u5973\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u8a34\u6c42\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u95dc\u61f7\u5973\u6027\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u505a\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u62d9\u52a3\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u662f\u88ab\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u201d\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u59ff\u614b\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u9032\u515a\u4f01\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u9032\u6b65\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u5927\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u904b\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u96d9\u5411\u5954\u8d74\u3002\u793e\u904b\u4eba\u58eb\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u9ee8\u6d3e\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u89aa\u7da0\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u6703\u8a66\u5716\u8aaa\u670d\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u512a\u5148\u652f\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6230\u7dda\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u58ef\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5c0d\u9663\u71df\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u5e74\u4e0d\u5c11\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u6a19\u699c\u201c\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e0d\u7368\u201d\u201c\u4e0d\u85cd\u4e0d\u7da0\u201d\uff0c\u806f\u7d50\u908a\u7de3\u5e95\u5c64\uff0c\u8207\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5438\u7d0d\u6301\u6297\u62d2\u614b\u5ea6\u3002[6]<\/strong><\/a>1990\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u5be6\u529b\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u5de5\u904b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6297\u8b70\u8cc7\u672c\u5916\u9003\u7684\u7f77\u5de5\u884c\u52d5\u88cf\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u653f\u5546\u806f\u624b\u6253\u64ca\u800c\u632b\u6557\u5d29\u89e3\uff1b\u7a0d\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u904b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u7570\u8ecd\u7a81\u8d77\u3001\u53e6\u95e2\u8e4a\u5f91\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u88ab\u50be\u5411\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u540c\u50da\u6383\u5730\u51fa\u9580\u3002\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u5247\u5728\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u52e2\u4e2d\u9678\u7e8c\u8d0f\u5f97\u7e23\u5e02\u57fa\u5c64\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u793e\u904b\u3001\u653f\u904b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6d88\u9577\u6613\u4f4d\u3002\u9996\u5ea6\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e9f\u9808\u793e\u904b\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u7fa9\u5149\u74b0\u201d\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u57f7\u653f\u548c\u7d71\u6cbb\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u76e4\u7b97\u8457\u628a\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u653f\u7e3e\u751f\u7522\u201c\u5916\u5305\u201d\u7d66\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u65e2\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u3001\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u8ddf\u8457\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u5c40\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u201d\u4e92\u76f8\u5e6b\u896f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u81fa\u7063\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u660e\u986f\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5a66\u904b\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u30021993\u5e74\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u9577\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf3\u4f4d\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u5728\u9078\u524d\u5a66\u5973\u653f\u898b\u7684\u8a55\u6bd4\u4e2d\u5168\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u7cbe\u82f1\u9084\u662f\u5805\u6301\u5a66\u904b\u61c9\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u9032\u515a\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u3002\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u52dd\u9078\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5728\u5e02\u5e9c\u67b6\u69cb\u5167\u6210\u7acb\u4efb\u52d9\u7de8\u7d44\u7684\u201c\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u5973\u6027\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u201d\u4f5c\u70ba\u56de\u5831\u3002[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u5973\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf4\u500b\u6708\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6a5f\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u6e9d\u901a\u5354\u5546\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\u9084\u53ef\u8a34\u6c42\u5e02\u9577\u6490\u8170\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u653f\u9ee8\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u66ff\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\u5fc5\u9808\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u9020\u6700\u4f73\u5f62\u8c61\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9023\u4efb\u3002\u6027\u5225\u8b70\u984c\u66ff\u5f31\u52e2\u4ee3\u8a00\uff0c\u5021\u8b70\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u53c8\u76f4\u6307\u5973\u6027\u9078\u7968\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5973\u6027\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u660e\u986f\u89aa\u7da0\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e0a\u81fa\u5f8c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5f97\u7f6a\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u6027\u5225\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7d81\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5c40\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u662f\u5a66\u904b\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u4ef0\u4ed7\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6e26\u6d41<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7b2c\u56db\u5c46\u4e16\u754c\u5a66\u5973\u5927\u6703\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff081995\u5e74\uff09\u901a\u904e\u7684\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u5ba3\u8a00\u66a8\u884c\u52d5\u7db1\u9818\u300b\uff0c\u6b63\u547c\u61c9\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u666e\u4e16\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8209\u63aa\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u201c\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5404\u570b\u5404\u5730\u5340\u4fc3\u6210\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u201c\u5168\u7403\u7d71\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u8b93\u5404\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u570b\uff09\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u4e32\u806f\u5404\u985e\u5883\u5916\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u6309\u7167\u898f\u5283\u63a8\u9032\u843d\u5be6\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u897f\u65b9\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5168\u9762\u92ea\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n

10\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u57f7\u653f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u898f\u5283\u6210\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5a66\u5973\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u7cbe\u82f1\u6253\u9020\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u67b6\u69cb\u6642\u6240\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u85cd\u5716\u3002\u800c\u5176\u6210\u679c\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u63d0\u5347\u201c\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\u3001\u6253\u9020\u201c\u570b\u65cf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u6709\u529b\u7c4c\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u7406\u7531\u611f\u5230\u6a02\u89c0\u81ea\u6eff\u3002\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u793e\u904b\u6c1b\u570d\u548c\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7fa4\u773e\uff1b\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u904b\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u806f\u52d5\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a8\u9032\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff1b\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u7a4d\u6975\u6295\u5165\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5c0d\u5316\u89e3\u6c59\u540d\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u505a\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8ca2\u737b\uff1b\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u5728\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e16\u754c\u88cf\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u7372\u5f97\u5546\u5bb6\u7684\u53cb\u5584\u56de\u61c9\uff1b\u85cd\u7da0\u52e2\u529b\u90fd\u9806\u61c9\u793e\u904b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5927\u5098\u5ef6\u4f38\u6db5\u84cb\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u591a\u5143\u6027\u5225\u201d\u64f4\u5927\u6027\u5225\u7684\u7248\u5716\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u793e\u7fa4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u4fe1\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u30022012\u5e74\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u9023\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f8c\uff0c\u5411\u5168\u7403\u7a4d\u6975\u63a8\u5ee3\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u7528\u5584\u5f85\u4f86\u7c89\u98fe\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u884c\u5f91\uff0c\u8b93\u201c\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u201d\u7e7c\u201c\u5a66\u5973\u201d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u773c\u898b\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u570b\u9678\u7e8c\u958b\u653e\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u904b\u52d5\u71b1\u70c8\u97ff\u61c9\u63a8\u52d5\u540c\u5a5a\u3002[9]<\/strong><\/a>2016\u5e74\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u518d\u5ea6\u5cf6\u5167\u57f7\u653f\uff0c\u66f4\u6a02\u65bc\u501f\u529b\u4f7f\u529b\u628a\u540c\u5a5a\u806f\u7d50\u5230\u201c\u570b\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u5ba3\u50b3\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u5373\u5c07\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u8e10\u5a5a\u59fb\u5e73\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u6975\u5176\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c2016\u5e74\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5a5a\u6b0a\u5229\u53d7\u632b\u8005\u63d0\u8acb\u201c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u91cb\u61b2\u201d\u30022017\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u516c\u4f48\u4e86\u9806\u61c9\u201c\u9032\u6b65\u201d\u98a8\u5411\u7684\u201c\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c748\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u201c\u6c11\u6cd5\u201d\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u540c\u6027\u7d50\u5a5a\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u201c\u9055\u61b2\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u9650\u671f\u5169\u5e74\u5167\u4fee\u8a02\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u907f\u958b\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8003\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u4ee5\u53f8\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6377\u5f91\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u5a5a\u59fb\u5e73\u6b0a\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6cd5\u9580\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u5bb6\u9577\u4eba\u7fa4\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5305\u542b\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u5c0d\u540c\u5a5a\u201c\u91cb\u61b2\u201d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u66f4\u662f\u5927\u70ba\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cbe\u82f1\u58df\u65b7\u5a5a\u59fb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b0a\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u5927\u8b70\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u4ea4\u4ed8\u201c\u516c\u6295\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2018\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u540c\u201d\u5718\u9ad4\u6b63\u5f0f\u91dd\u5c0d\u540c\u5a5a\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5167\u5bb9\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u516c\u6295\u201d\u6295\u7968\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u70ba\u5bb6\u800c\u6230\u201d\u865f\u53ec\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u6bd4\u7167\u6027\u5225\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u90e8\u9580\u6240\u6709\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u5c0d\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u96d9\u65b9\u9694\u7a7a\u4ea4\u6230\uff0c\u96c6\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5ba3\u3001\u7db2\u7d61\u8aaa\u5e16\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u628a\u5c0d\u6230\u63a8\u5230\u767d\u71b1\u5316\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u8b70\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u201c\u516c\u6295\u201d\u6848\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u540c\u201d\u7acb\u5834\u5747\u4ee52\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7968\u6578\u5927\u5e45\u8d85\u8d8a\u540c\u5a5a\u5e73\u6b0a\u65b9\u800c\u7372\u52dd\u3002<\/p>\n

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1994\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u6821\u5e2b\u751f\u9593\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u651c\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5357\u5230\u5317\u8209\u8fa6\u5de1\u8ff4\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u52d5\u54e1\u7fa4\u773e\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u5973\u4eba\u9023\u7dda\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5927\u904a\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u8857\u982d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u5f9e\u6b64\u8f5f\u8f5f\u70c8\u70c8\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u53cd\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u662f\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u57281994\u5e74\u8ad6\u6230\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u66fe\u7d93\u8868\u9054\u904e\u5c0d\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u5973\u6027\u5728\u63a7\u8a34\u4ed6\u4eba\u6642\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u6b32\u6210\u898b\u548c\u968e\u7d1a\u504f\u898b\u8981\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u7fd2\u8ca0\u8d77\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u7537\u6b0a\u7684\u60e1\u610f\u9738\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u66f4\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u4eba\u9119\u8996\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u4eba\u60c5\u7df4\u9054\u7684\u61c9\u5c0d\uff0c\u7df4\u7fd2\u9748\u6d3b\u8f49\u5316\u4e92\u52d5\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u958b\u62d3\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u6b32\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u7522\u51fa\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5cf6\u5167\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u6700\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u689d\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8def\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n

2023\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52d5\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u7206\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u9ee8\u6d3e\u9b25\u722d\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u7092\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\u5c31\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5ef6\u71d2\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u5927\u5b97\u7684\u5973\u6027\u63a7\u8a34\u7537\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u7537\u6027\u63a7\u8a34\u5973\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7537\u8207\u7537\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u5973\u8207\u5973\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e5f\u5927\u91cf\u6d6e\u73fe\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u77e5\u540d\u6c11\u904b\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u88ab\u63ea\u51fa\u4f86\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u5398\u6e05\u6216\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u820a\u6848\u3001\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u4e16\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u7ffb\u51fa\u4f86\u667e\u66ec\u6279\u9b25\u3002\u5404\u9ee8\u5404\u6d3e\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\u7206\u6599\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u904e\u53bb\u5728\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\u632f\u632f\u6709\u8a5e\u767c\u8868\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u90fd\u88ab\u7206\u6599\u70ba\u201c\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u6709\u7121\u6027\u7684\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u6709\u7121\u8eab\u9ad4\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\u8ce6\u4e88\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e4b\u540d\u800c\u66dd\u5149\u63a7\u8a34\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u7a4d\u7d2f\u4e86\u767e\u9918\u6a01\uff0c\u5f9e\u653f\u9ee8\u8513\u71d2\u5230\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u5f71\u5287\u5708\u3001\u6587\u5316\u754c\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u56de\u61b6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u958b\u555f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u660e\u5929\u9192\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u81c9\u66f8\u4e0a\u5c31\u88ab\u5ba3\u4f48\u793e\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6ce2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5167\u6db5\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u50c5\u5c31\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u6697\u793a\u6216\u8ffd\u6c42\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u6085\u3001\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u3002\u5728\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u969b\u6d41\u52d5\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u908a\u754c\u548c\u611f\u89ba\uff0f\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4eba\u4eba\u81ea\u5371\u7684\u72c2\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u8b70\u984c\u5169\u6b21\u5927\u7206\u767c\u4e4b\u9593\u768430\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u6587\u660e\u60c5\u611f\u5b0c\u8cb4\u5316\u548c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u7cfe\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u7206\u6599\u72c2\u6f6e\u96d6\u7136\u5c1a\u672a\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7d50\u5c40\uff1a\u4fee\u8a02\u201c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u201d\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u7533\u8a34\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u8a02\u7acb\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u6a23\u614b\u6307\u5f15\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8a62\u3001\u6b63\u8996\u5275\u50b7\u4fee\u5fa9\u3001\u52a0\u5f37\u5169\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u8005\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9010\u6f38\u6df1\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5316\u548c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u8b8a\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u89ba\u88ab\u5192\u72af\u3001\u88ab\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u908a\u754c\u7126\u616e\u9032\u800c\u9632\u885b\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u525d\u596a\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0f\u6b0a\u76ca\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7a4d\u6975\u9632\u79a6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6b0a\u884c\u52d5\u6295\u8a34\u63a7\u8a34\uff0c\u554f\u7f6a\u7a76\u8cac\u3002\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u6709\u662f\u975e\u5c0d\u932f\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u201c\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u5411\u201c\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u5236\u88c1\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u885d\u7a81\u3001\u4e0d\u5435\u67b6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u5b98\uff09\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u6e90\u81ea\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u9032\u800c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u537b\u975e\u5e38\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u767c\u52d5\u63a7\u8a34\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5192\u72af\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\uff1b\u88ab\u63a7\u8a34\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5247\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5f37\u52e2\u9738\u9053\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5168\u529b\u8072\u8a0e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7570\u8b70\u6216\u8cea\u7591\u751a\u81f3\u9072\u7591\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u8a85\u5fc3\u4e4b\u8ad6\u8655\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4ee5\u6b64\u8085\u6e05\u8f3f\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d81\u67b6\u4e86\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56de\u9867\u904e\u5f80\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u591a\u5c11\u505a\u6210\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u67d0\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u66fe\u7d93\u5922\u60f3\u904e\u7684\u5169\u6027\u5171\u6cbb\u3001\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u5165\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u9762\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u6b63\u7fa9\u6c1b\u570d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u88cf\uff0c\u653e\u5927\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u504f\u9817\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u6495\u88c2\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u808c\u7406\u3002\u591a\u5143\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u5f80\u5f80\u63a5\u5408\u8457\u5c0d\u201c\u570b\u65cf\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u70ba\u7dad\u7e6b\u5206\u65b7\u9ad4\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5e73\u7b49\u6210\u679c\u5145\u6eff\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u3002\u5176\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8af8\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5047\u8a2d\u9032\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u6709\u610f\u7121\u610f\u5730\u914d\u5408\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u201c\u4ee5\u5a66\u8b00\u7368\u201d\u7684\u76e4\u7b97\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u8b93\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u8499\u4e0a\u9670\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u201c\u591a\u5143\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u7c60\u7d71\u5730\u628a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u4ee5\u53caLGBTQI\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u90fd\u7d0d\u5165\u201c\u6027\u5225\u201d\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u4e00\u9ad4\u4eab\u53d7\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \ufe5d\u97d3\ufe5e\u767d\u6a02\u6674\uff1a\u300a\u5206\u65b7\u9ad4\u5236\u2022\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u653f\u52db\u8b6f\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u806f\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2010\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u5442\u79c0\u84ee\u57281974\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8b80\u8005\u591a\u534a\u662f\u6301\u53cd\u5c0d\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5c11\u6578\u5973\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u5973\u6027\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u7528\u8a9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u8457\u91cd\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u4f4e\u8abf\u907f\u958b\u6311\u6230\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u201c\u5973\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8457\u300a\u8c6a\u723d\u5973\u4eba\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u300b\uff08\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u7687\u51a0\u6587\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1994\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u76f8\u95dc\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ef\u53c3\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u53401980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\u5ef6\u7e8c\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u95dc\u201c\u6c11\u9593\u793e\u6703\u8ad6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u8ad6\u201d\u7684\u201c\u653f\u904bvs.\u793e\u904b\u201d\u8ad6\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u4efb\u52d9\u7de8\u7d44\u662f\u5728\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\u5916\uff0c\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u5c08\u6848\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7121\u5177\u9ad4\u7de8\u5236\uff0c\u6b0a\u8cac\u8cc7\u6e90\u90fd\u8f03\u70ba\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u8acb\u53c3\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u904b\u7684NGO\u5316\u3009\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0chttps:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/2015\/09\/%E7%A4%BE%E9%81%8B%E7%9A%84ngo%E5%8C%96\/\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u65e9\u57282003\u5e74\uff0c\u9673\u6c34\u6241\u5728\u5730\u5340\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u4efb\u5167\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u5411\u5916\u5a92\u7a7a\u53e3\u653e\u8a71\uff0c\u7a31\u81fa\u7063\u5373\u5c07\u5141\u8a31\u540c\u5a5a\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u65e9\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u5229\u7528\u6027\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u6253\u9020\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982Doris T. Chang, Women\u2019s Movements in Twentieth Century Taiwan, <\/em>University of Illinois Press, 2009; Ann Heylen and Scott Sommers (eds.), Becoming Taiwan: From Colonialism to Democracy<\/em>, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010\u3002<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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