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(Walter\u00a0 Rauschenbusch) 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Deal\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u6c92\u843d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u958b\u5c55\u5c31\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u7f8e\u597d\u9060\u666f\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u4eba\u9010\u6f38\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u69ae\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u904b\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9664\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u66f4\u662f\u6574\u500b\u6a02\u89c0\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u9aa8\u5e79\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u7206\u767c\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5922\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8840\u8165\u7684\u5927\u6230\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u614b\u5ea6\u5e7b\u6ec5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u96a8\u4e4b\u67af\u840e\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6230\u5834\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e0d\u592a\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u6230\u722d\u7684\u9707\u76ea\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u82df\u5ef6\u6b98\u5598\u4e86\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u57281929\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u770b\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u5e7d\u95c7\u610f\u8b58\u62ac\u982d\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u627e\u5c0b\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u8b8a\u6545\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u6975\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u51b7\u6230\u3001\u97d3\u6230\u3001\u8d8a\u6230\uff0c\u53ca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u5728\u9580\u53e3\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u4eba\u6027\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u597d\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u4e26\u518d\u52a0\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u6216\u8a31\u6b63\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5168\u7136\u6557\u58de\u662f\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u9053\u7406\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e16\u5c40\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u7684\u904e\u6642\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u5169\u570b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u628a\u6301\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5247\u76db\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u539f\u5148\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fbf\u662f\u4f7f\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u7576\u4e16\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5287\u8b8a\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8b93\u8def\u7d66\u7e7c\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u6a02\u89c0\u7cbe\u795e\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u9663\u71df\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u529b\u6307\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u53ca\u9032\u5316\u6a02\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9810\u8a2d\u4e4b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u53c8\u540d\u300c 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\uff08Karl Barth\uff09\u662f\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5c0d\u5df4\u7279\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u500b\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u4f7f\u4eba\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5584\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u80fd\u9760\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7406\u6027\u9032\u5316\u5230\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5883\u754c\u7b49\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7406\u6027\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u62ef\u6551\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df4\u7279\u812b\u96e2\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u8faf\u8b49\u795e\u5b78\u300d\u89c0\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u795e\u5168\u7136\u8d85\u8d8a\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7942\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7528\u8faf\u8b49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u7279\u6279\u8a55\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff08\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u53ea\u4f9d\u8cf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4fbf\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u795e\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u795e\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u6df1\u6df5\u76f8\u9694\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u884c\u5584\u6216\u795e\u79d8\u7d93\u9a57\u586b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u9748\u548c\u795e\u7684\u9748\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5169\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u795e\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8a9e\uff0c\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u4ee5\u6b64\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u6b63\u7d71\u6d3e\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u795e\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3001\u53ca\u798f\u97f3\u548c\u4e16\u4e0a\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u7279\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u6f58\u970d\u83ef\uff08Dietrich Bonhoeffer\uff09\u90fd\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u52d5\u53cd\u5c0d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6f58\u970d\u83ef\u66f4\u70ba\u6b64\u55aa\u751f\u7344\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u7279\u628a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u300d\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff1b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u5f62\u8c61\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u8aaa\u904e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a71\uff0c\u505a\u904e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5df4\u7279\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u7684\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff08Word\uff09\u2500\u2500\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9053\u300d\u2014\u2014\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u53e5\u7684\u547d\u984c\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u7684\u611b\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\u5c31\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u611b\u9060\u6bd4\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u689d\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u7f85\u8cd3\u905c\uff08John Robinson\uff09 \u548c\u4f5b\u91cc\u5951\uff08Joseph Fletcher\uff09\u900f\u904e\u7530\u7acb\u514b\u548c\u6c99\u7279\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u60c5\u5883\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff08Situation Ethics\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4ef6\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u597d\u58de\u8981\u8996\u5176\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u65bc\u611b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8996\u5176\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6559\u689d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\u55ae\u55ae\u79b1\u544a\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u884c\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u5192\u507d\u5584\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u52d5\u624d\u662f\u771f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4fe1\u5f92\u751a\u81f3\u5fc5\u9808\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5df4\u7279\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u8655\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u6642\u4ee3\u6709\u8457\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6d3b\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u505a\u51fa\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u662f\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5c48\u670d\u8b93\u6b65\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5805\u5b88\u795e\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u800c\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\uff1f\u5df4\u7279\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d66\u6d3b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u798f\u97f3\u885d\u7a81\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e00\u500b\u699c\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5df4\u7279\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u535c\u4ec1\u723e\uff08Emil Brunner\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df4\u7279\u904e\u5206\u5f37\u8abf\u795e\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u60f3\u4e0d\u900f\u4eba\u9084\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u795e\u4fdd\u6301\u500b\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u535c\u4ec1\u723e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6ce8\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u795e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u540d\u300a\u795e\u4eba\u76f8\u6703\u300b\uff08<em>The Divine-Human\bEncounter<\/em>\uff09\u4fbf\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002\u535c\u4ec1\u723e\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u66fe\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u904e\u4e00\u6b21\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u53cd\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u7684\u8a71\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\uff1b\u535c\u4ec1\u723e\u5247\u8aaa\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6709\u795e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u795e\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u4ed6\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u95dc\u795e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u535c\u4ec1\u723e\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53ca\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u8a31\u591a\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 : \u4f7f\u5236\u5ea6\u300c\u4eba\u5316\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u795e\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u5929\u570b\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b50\u6d32\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u795e\u5b78\u52a0\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\uff08Rudolph 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Gogarten\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7531\u65bc\u795e\u7684\u5168\u7136\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u5168\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8cac\u4efb\u8feb\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u5fc3\u6559\u6703\u5927\u9580\u4ee5\u5916\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u57cb\u9996\u5df1\u8eab\u8654\u656c\u53ca\u9748\u9b42\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8a13\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5229\u8cfd\u4eba\uff1b\u552f\u6709\u6295\u8eab\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e14\u5207\u5be6\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u624d\u662f\u771f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u4fd7\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u5bb6\u67ef\u514b\u65af\uff08Harvey Cox\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u61c9\u812b\u96e2\u5c0f\u93ae\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9084\u4f9d\u6200\u5df2\u7d93\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u56de\u7684\u72ce\u719f\u9130\u91cc\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9762\u5c0d\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u7570\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u6587\u660e\u548c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u7684\u6069\u8cdc\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u61c9\u71b1\u70c8\u64c1\u62b1\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u773c\u5149\u62d2\u65a5\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u67ef\u514b\u65af\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u812b\u96e2\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5c01\u9589\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u53ca\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6b77\u53f2\u6b78\u7f6a\u7d66\u547d\u904b\u3001\u5929\u610f\u6216\u795e\u65e8\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4eba\u64d4\u8ca0\u8d77\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4f86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e00\u5207\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6208\u9ad8\u767b\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u795e\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u649e\u64ca\u6211\u5011\u56fa\u5b88\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u505a\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u5df4\u7279\u62d2\u65a5\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u4e3b\u5f35\u8056\u7d93\u812b\u795e\u8a71\u5316\uff0c\u6f58\u970d\u83ef\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u53ca\u6208\u9ad8\u767b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7136\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u795e\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7136\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u63a8\u4e00\u9ede\u4fbf\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u795e\u6b7b\u795e\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u6b7b\u300d\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u6b7b\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u8981\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8b6c\u55bb\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5982\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u8aaa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u771f\u7684\u300c\u6b7b\u300d\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u8b6c\u55bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u771f\u771f\u6b63\u6b63\u7684\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8ac7\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u8207\u8303\u54c8\u5ff5\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\uff08Thomas J. J. Altizer\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u7559\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8036\u7a4c\u624d\u8aaa\u300c\u770b\u898b\u6211\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u770b\u898b\u7236\u300d\u3002\u6574\u500b\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u8036\u7a4c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u820a\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u90a3\u500b\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211\u7570\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u3002\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u90a3\u4f4d\u7236\u795e\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u9b54\u9b3c\u822c\u7684\u7236\u795e\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7942\u596a\u53bb\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u53ea\u70ba\u5efa\u7acb\u7942\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6bba\u6b7b\u9019\u4f4d\u6492\u65e6\u822c\u7684\u7236\u795e\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u795e\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u6b7b\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u4fdd\u7f85\u5728\u300a\u8153\u529b\u6bd4\u66f8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u628a\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u8207\u91d8\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8aaa\u7576\u57fa\u7763\u91d8\u6b7b\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u795e\u4e5f\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e26\u865b\u5df1\uff08self-empting\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u7942\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u50be\u5012\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u795e\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u88e1\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u624d\u81ea\u7531\u4e86\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u795e\u5df2\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u6b7b\u795e\u5b78\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u548c\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u8303\u54c8\u5ff5\uff08Gabriel Van-hanian\uff09\u65e9\u5728\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u5df2\u7528\u904e\u300c\u795e\u5df2\u6b7b\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u51fa\u4f86\u5c0d\u6b64\u540d\u8a5e\u518d\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u795e\u5df2\u6b7b\u300d\u4e43\u662f\u6307\u897f\u65b9\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b7b\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u795e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u6b7b\u7684\u662f\u5076\u50cf\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u8207\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u9ad4\uff0c\u6b63\u986f\u51fa\u795e\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5b97\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3001\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u6027\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8056\u9748\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4fbf\u662f\u8981\u6253\u788e\u4eba\u985e\u628a\u6587\u5316\u7576\u6210\u795e\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u6bd4\u8f03\u96e3\u7acb\u8db3\u5f97\u7a69\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u65e6\u795e\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u539f\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4fbf\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6709\u7684\u300c\u795e\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u795e\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u539f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u5c0b\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u6cf0\u745f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6613\u53d7\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u8303\u54c8\u5ff5\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u9577\u4e45\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u9084\u5f85\u5546\u69b7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9769\u547d\u795e\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u795e\u6b7b\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4fbf\u662f\u9769\u547d\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9769\u547d\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u6e90\u5fb7\u65e5\u6649\u537b\u662f19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u5230\u4e861960\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u65e5\u6649\uff08Pierre Teilhard de Chardin\uff09\u4ee5\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7570\u8c61\u4f86\u770b\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u820a\u5f0f\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u6551\u6069\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u4e16\u70ba\u59cb\uff0c\u5929\u570b\u70ba\u7d42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5fb7\u65e5\u6649\u628a19\u4e16\u7d00\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u5316\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u9f63\u5b87\u5b99\u5287\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u6eb6\u5165\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0d\u65b7\u66f4\u65b0\u7d44\u7e54\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\uff0c\u5230\u751f\u547d\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u5fc5\u7136\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u90fd\u6703\u9032\u5316\u5230\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5fb7\u65e5\u6649\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4fc4\u6885\u621e\u9ede\u300d\uff08Omega Point\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u3002\u5c0d\u5fb7\u65e5\u6649\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u795e\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9769\u547d\u795e\u5b78\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u5e0c\u671b\u795e\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u83ab\u7279\u66fc\uff08Jurgen Moltmann\uff09 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