{"id":800,"date":"1987-08-04T09:33:06","date_gmt":"1987-08-04T01:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/?p=800"},"modified":"2021-07-06T16:49:57","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T08:49:57","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%9b%e6%b4%9b%e4%bc%8a%e5%be%b7%e6%97%a9%e5%b9%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e9%9d%88%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/jo_article\/1987\/08\/%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%9b%e6%b4%9b%e4%bc%8a%e5%be%b7%e6%97%a9%e5%b9%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e9%9d%88%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff1a\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u672a\u767c\u8868\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u5728\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u56e0\u70ba\u89ba\u609f\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5047\u671f\u90fd\u6703\u627e\u4e9b\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u4f86\u81ea\u4fee\u88dc\u8ab2\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u6691\u5047\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u4e5f\u5beb\u9ede\u8b80\u66f8\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u662f\u7576\u6642\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7fd2\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u672a\u627e\u5230\u6a5f\u6703\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5979\u5982\u4f55\u6478\u7d22\u6574\u7406\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u9054\u5979\u5c0d\u634d\u885b\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\uff09\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b78\u8aaa\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u52aa\u529b\u3002\uff081987\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\u521d\u7a3f\uff0c1987\u5e748\u67084\u65e5\u5b9a\u7a3f\uff09\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u754c\u4e00\u5411\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5047\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9580\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5ba2\u89c0\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c0\u5bdf\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53c8\u597d\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u898f\u5247\u898f\u5f8b\u53ef\u5c0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u4e5f\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u79d1\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u537b\u9032\u4e0d\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u7cfb\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7576\u7136\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u7cfb\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u4e3b\u5c0e\u65b9\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u662f\u500b\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08idealist\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u6216\u300c\u672c\u6211\uff0d\u81ea\u6211\uff0d\u8d85\u6211\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u8b49\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u75c5\u5fb5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u53c8\u5f80\u5f80\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u98c4\u6e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5370\u8b49\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u7ae5\u5e74\u7d93\u9a57\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6279\u5224\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7384\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u81c6\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u884c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u89c0\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u504f\u898b\u6709\u6df1\u690d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u54f2\u5b78\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5728\u672c\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u70ba\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6240\u6263\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5e3d\u5b50\u537b\u6b63\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u751f\u7269\uff0d\u751f\u7406\u300d\u6839\u57fa\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6700\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u8cab\u7a7f\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u300c\u5256\u6790\u300d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4fbf\u60f3\u7531\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u898f\u5283\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u8ad6\u6587\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5617\u8a66\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u300c\u751f\u7269\uff0d\u751f\u7406\u300d\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u4e4e\u529b\u5b78\u548c\u6d41\u9ad4\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u89e3\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u5e74\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u540c\u884c\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8207\u4ed6\u806f\u540d\u767c\u8868\u300a\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7684\u5e03\u52de\u723e\uff08Josef Breur\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u517c\u91ab\u751f\u5f17\u7406\u65af\uff08Wilhelm Fliess\uff09\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u81ea\u5f9e1887\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u7d93\u5e03\u52de\u723e\u4ecb\u7d39\u8a8d\u8b58\u5f17\u7406\u65af\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u7acb\u523b\u6210\u4e86\u83ab\u9006\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u66f8\u4fe1\u5f80\u9084\uff0c\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u76f4\u52301902\u5e74\u624d\u56e0\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea4\u60e1\u3002\u4f46\u57281887\u5e74\u52301902\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u4ee5\u5f17\u7406\u65af\u70ba\u50be\u8a34\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1895\u5e749\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u53c3\u52a0\u67cf\u6797\u5b78\u8853\u6703\u8b70\u5f8c\u8fd4\u56de\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u7684\u706b\u8eca\u4e0a\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u69cb\u601d\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u4fbf\u628a\u5fc3\u7406\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5c64\u9762\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0b\u7b46\u795e\u901f\uff0c10\u67088\u65e5\u4fbf\u5df2\u5b8c\u5de5\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u8a08\u767e\u9918\u9801\uff0c\u4e26\u7acb\u523b\u5bc4\u7d66\u5f17\u7406\u65af\u95b1\u8b80\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u4fbf\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u9748\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u96db\u5f62\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u3008\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8a08\u5283\u3009\uff08\u201dProject for a Scientific Psychology\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u628a\u6b64\u5fc3\u9748\u5b78\u8aaa\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300d\u7d55\u975e\u4fe1\u53e3\u958b\u6cb3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u958b\u982d\u4ed6\u4fbf\u660e\u767d\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u672c\u8a08\u5283\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5920\u683c\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5fc3\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u88ab\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u300d\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u300d\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u300d\uff08neurons\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u300d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\u4e2d\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6fc0\u52d5\uff0f\u80fd\u91cf\u5145\u65a5\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u5168\u7136\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u8b49\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6d88\u9577\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\uff08mental process\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u6839\u690d\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u300c\u523a\u6fc0\u300d\uff08stimulate\uff09\u3001\u300c\u50b3\u5c0e\u300d\uff08conduct\uff09\u3001\u300c\u66ff\u4ee3\u300d\uff08substitute\uff09\u53ca\u300c\u653e\u6d29\u300d\uff08discharge\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\uff08\u5373\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u6fc0\u52d5\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c31\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u642d\u4e0a\u4e86\u7dda\uff1a\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u65e2\u662f\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\uff09\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff08inertia\uff09\u539f\u7406\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u65bc\u662f\u64da\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u300d\uff08the principle of neuronic inertia\uff09\u4e4b\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff08primary function\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u6d29\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5df1\u8eab\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6b78\u96f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d13\u89e3\u56e0\u80fd\u91cf\u84c4\u7a4d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u4e0d\u5b89\u72c0\u614b<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u53c8\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u523a\u6fc0\u300d\uff09\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u5149\u3001\u71b1\u7b49\u7b49\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u4f86\u7684\uff08exogenous\uff09\u523a\u6fc0\u5728\u5230\u9054\u4eba\u9ad4\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u7d30\u80de\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u8cea\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5411\u795e\u7d93\u4e2d\u6a1e\u50b3\u9001\u3002\u4e8c\u5247\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u8089\u9ad4\u6703\u81ea\u884c\u7522\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u672c\u80fd\uff08instinct\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u98e2\u3001\u6e34\u3001\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u5167\u5728\u7684\uff08endogenous\uff09\u6fc0\u52d5\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8981\u6c42\u653e\u6d29\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u904b\u7528\u4f86\u52d5\u54e1\u808c\u8089\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u907f\u958b\u5149\u6216\u71b1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u808c\u8089\u6d3b\u52d5\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u76f8\u7b49\u65bc\u672c\u4f86\u523a\u6fc0\u5165\u4fb5\u6642\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u4e4e\u4e86\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff08\u653e\u6d29\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u84c4\u7a4d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u6d29\u65e2\u7136\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u5145\u65a5\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7dca\u5f35\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5feb\u611f\uff08pleasure\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5f8c\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff08the pleasure principle\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u653e\u6d29\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5feb\u611f\u3002\uff08\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5f8c\u671f\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u672c\u6211\u300d\uff08id\uff09\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9003\u907f\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u653e\u6d29\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u5149\u3001\u71b1\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u9054\u4e0d\u5230\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5167\u5728\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u9003\u907f\u5f97\u4e86\u7684\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u9ebc\u9003\uff0c\u809a\u5b50\u9084\u662f\u9913\uff0c\u53e3\u9084\u662f\u6e34\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u89e3\u9664\u5167\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4fc3\u6210\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5982\u627e\u5230\u98df\u7269\u6216\u6c34\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u60c5\u6cc1\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u9700\u8981\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u624d\u6703\u975c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u52d5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u5167\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u8f49\u5316\u800c\u4f86\uff08\u7528\u4fd7\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u300c\u5316\u98e2\u6e34\u70ba\u529b\u91cf\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u884c\u52d5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u6bd4\u5167\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6309\u6b64\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u5167\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5916\u5728\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5e73\u6642\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u5099\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9700\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e3d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5247\u300d\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u5c31\u8b00\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u6d29\u800c\u4f7f\u80fd\u91cf\u8ca0\u8377\u6b78\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5132\u5099\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u80cc\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u653e\u6d29\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u5ef6\u7de9\u3001\u758f\u5c0e\u3001\u6216\u53ea\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u6d29\u5167\u5728\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5247\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5f62\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7a31\u5b83\u70ba\u300c\u6b21\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff08secondary process\uff09\u6216\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff08the reality principle\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7531\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6beb\u7121\u9867\u5fcc\u5730\u653e\u6d29\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u800c\u5728\u653e\u6d29\u4e2d\u4eab\u53d7\u5feb\u611f\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9700\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e00\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u653e\u6d29\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u50be\u5411\u52a0\u4ee5\u7d04\u675f\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u4f86\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u675f\u7e1b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u5099\u5f8c\u9700\u3002\uff08\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u58d3\u6291\u300d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u7e8c\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u548c\u5fc5\u9808\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u628a\u58d3\u6291\u6b78\u65bc\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u4ed61930\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u5176\u4e0d\u6eff\u300b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6b21\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\uff08\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u3001\u53ca\u6642\u7684 vs. \u90e8\u5206\u7684\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff09\u653e\u6d29\u70ba\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u628a\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u8207\u6d88\u9577\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7d50\u69cb\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7aed\u529b\u4f7f\u5167\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52d5\u7dad\u6301\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\uff08economic view\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u66f4\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5f37\u8abf\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u5c0d\u7dda\u6027\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u300c\u529f\u80fd\u914d\u7f6e\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\uff08topological view\uff09\u548c\u8457\u91cd\u5fc3\u7406\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u885d\u7a81\u76f8\u524b\u76f8\u5236\u7684\u300c\u52d5\u529b\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\uff08dynamic view\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u69cb\u6210\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u9ede\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u7686\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\u67b6\u69cb\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u4ed6\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5fc3\u7406\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u537b\u6709\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u540a\u8a6d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u6309\u7167\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u8ca0\u8377\u4fbf\u7acb\u523b\u6beb\u4e0d\u9867\u5fcc\u5730\u5c0b\u6c42\u653e\u6d29\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u751f\u547d\u300d\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5462\uff1f\u6c92\u6709\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ca\u6d3b\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u600e\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff1f\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u771f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9023\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\uff0c\u300c\u751f\u547d\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4e26\u975e\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5fb9\u5e95\u653e\u6d29\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u80cc\u53cd\u4e86\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u2500\u2500\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u5167\u5728\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u672a\u6e1b\u4f4e\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u504f\u611b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u57281920\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u5916\u300b\uff08Beyond the Pleasure Principle<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4ecd\u7136\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9078\u7528\u300c\u6d85\u76e4\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff08the Nirvana principle\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5012\u7a7a\u539f\u5247\uff09\u4f86\u518d\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u60f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u6587\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u754c\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u300c\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u300d\uff08the absent origin\uff09\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5f8c\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5c0d\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5927\u91cf\u63a1\u7528\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u53ca\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u751f\u7269\uff0d\u751f\u7406\u300d\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ee5\u69cb\u7bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e3b\u8981\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u5206\u985e\u3001\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u4fbf\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u52d5\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u53ea\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u55ae\u5411\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u665a\u671f\u300c\u52d5\u529b\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u7b49\u7b49\u8907\u96dc\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8207\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u540c\u671f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5df2\u6709\u521d\u6b65\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u7531\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u3001\u4f46\u69cb\u9020\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5143\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\"\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u300d\u7684\u5716\u7247\u641c\u5c0b\u7d50\u679c\"\u5404\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7531\u6a39\u7a81\u4f86\u63a5\u6536\u6fc0\u52d5\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u8ef8\u7a81\u4f86\u653e\u6d29\u6fc0\u52d5\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5247\u628a\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u9664\u4e86\u50b3\u9001\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9700\u5177\u5099\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\uff081\uff09\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u5099\u4e0d\u6642\u4e4b\u9700\uff0c\u53ca\uff082\uff09\u8a18\u9304\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u5f97\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8a18\u61b6\uff09\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u65e5\u5f8c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8207\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u63a5\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u63a5\u9ede\u7522\u751f\u963b\u529b\u4f7f\u80fd\u91cf\u5f88\u96e3\u901a\u904e\u6216\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\uff08contact barriers\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u53ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u985e\u70ba\u300c\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\uff08permeable\uff09\u53ca\u300c\u4e0d\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\uff08impermeable\uff09\u7b49\u5169\u7a2e\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u963b\u529b\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5728\u5145\u65a5\u80fd\u91cf\u6fc0\u52d5\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u963b\u529b\u7684\u8b93\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u904e\u800c\u885d\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u3002\u300c\u4e0d\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5247\u5728\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\u8655\u6709\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5145\u65a5\u6642\u6703\u66ab\u6642\u5f62\u6210\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u8b93\u80fd\u91cf\u5145\u65a5\u7684\u6642\u9593\u62c9\u9577\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u88ab\u963b\u64cb\u800c\u7559\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5167\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u300c\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5c08\u53f8\u77e5\u89ba\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u50b3\u9001\u81f3\u4e2d\u6a1e\uff1b\u300c\u4e0d\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\u300d\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5247\u8ca0\u64d4\u8a18\u61b6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u904b\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8a18\u9304\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3001\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u7559\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9032\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u70ba\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u82e5\u662f\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u50b3\u5c0e\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5316\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7167\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u5316\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\u4f7f\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u4f86\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\u90fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u800c\u963b\u7919\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u50b3\u5c0e\u80fd\u529b\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u9760\u8fd1\u76ae\u819a\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7531\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u65b7\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u885d\u64ca\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u885d\u649e\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u65e5\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u9ede\u963b\u529b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u80fd\u91cf\u6ef2\u900f\u901a\u904e\u7684\u3001\u53ea\u50b3\u9001\u77e5\u89ba\u8a0a\u606f\u800c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff0c\u88ab\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u03a6\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u904e\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\u300d\uff08cathexis\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u8a18\u61b6\u4fbf\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u904e\uff0f\u5145\u65a5\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\u54ea\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u5c0b\u7684\u2500\u2500\u80fd\u91cf\u7e3d\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u963b\u529b\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u8f03\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u91cf\u672c\u4f86\u8981\u6ef2\u900f\u795e\u7d93\u5143A\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u4e00\u7fa4\u795e\u7d93\u5143B\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u88ab\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u5176\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u5df2\u7136\u8cab\u6ce8\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u963b\u529b\u6e1b\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u300c\u5074\u908a\u8cab\u6ce8\u300d\uff08lateral cathexis\uff09\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u539f\u672c\u8981\u6ef2\u900f\u795e\u7d93\u5143A\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5c94\u9053\u6d41\u5165\u795e\u7d93\u5143B\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5074\u908a\u8cab\u6ce8\u300d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u8b8a\uff0f\u5c94\u958b\u80fd\u91cf\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u628a\u5b83\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9650\u7981\u300d\uff08inhibition\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u523b\u90fd\u88ab\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\u7684\u03a8\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u03a8\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u9577\u671f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u6046\u5e38\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u5247\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u529b\u5834\uff08energy field\uff09\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u300c\u76f8\u63a5\u969c\u7919\u300d\u7684\u4f4e\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u9130\u8fd1\u6d41\u904e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c94\u9053\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u5f37\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u80fd\u91cf\u672c\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f3\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u767c\u751f\u2500\u2500\u9019\u500b\u963b\u7919\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u9650\u7981\u300d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e00\u65e6\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u9650\u5236\u5fc3\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff1a\u672c\u4f86\u5954\u5411\u5168\u9762\u653e\u6d29\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u6d29\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u7d71\u8f44\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\u6b21\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u8ac7\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u03a8\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u03a8\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u4fdd\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5229\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u4f86\u4fdd\u5b58\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u53ca\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u529f\u8ab2\u4ee5\u589e\u9032\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u4f86\u9810\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u5deb\u6f22\uff08Richard Wollheim\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u628a\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5efa\u69cb\u756b\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u9762\u5716\uff0c\"woollheim\"\u9019\u500b\u7c21\u5716\u5c0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e9b\u555f\u767c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u8655\u6709\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u8981\u9644\u5e36\u63d0\u4e00\u4ef6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e00\u751f\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u5169\u500b\u5fc3\u9748\u5efa\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\uff08mental apparatus\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f1900\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u5922\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u69cb\u578b\u7531\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5fc3\u7406\u69cb\u578b\u767c\u8868\u65bc1923\u5e74\u300a\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u672c\u6211\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u69cb\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u6211\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u8d85\u6211\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u5e38\u628a\u9019\u5169\u500b\u69cb\u578b\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8ac7\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u96dc\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5316\u7d04\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u30021895\u5e74\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4fbf\u662f1900\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5fc3\u7406\u69cb\u578b\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5fc3\u7406\u69cb\u578b\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u5f88\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u96e3\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u984c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u03c9\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u03c9\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u89e3\u91cb\u03c9\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u56e0\u4f55\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u539f\u5f62\u6210\u6b64\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u3008\u8a08\u5283\u3009\u4e2d\u03c9\u795e\u7d93\u539f\u662f\u5168\u7136\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7d66\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u03c9\u662f\u4e0d\u6613\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u984c\u9023\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u56f0\u60d1\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7d42\u65bc\u6c7a\u5b9a\u628a\u73fe\u5be6\u6e2c\u8a66\uff08reality testing\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5283\u6b78\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\uff0c\u628a\u8cea\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u905e\u4ea4\u7d66\u03a8\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u03c9\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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