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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5b78\u8005Thomas Kuhn\u7684\u300c\u5178\u7bc4\u66f4\u66ff\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8aaa\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u8207\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7af6\u722d\u8faf\u8ad6\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4f54\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5178\u7bc4\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5178\u7bc4\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u672a\u7d93\u6aa2\u9a57\u53ca\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u820a\u5178\u7bc4\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u4f8b\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u8208\u8d77\u5f97\u52e2\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u5411\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u300c\u6027\u5225\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f9e\u4e0d\u628a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u5f62\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f4e\u8a55\u50f9\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4e0d\u53cd\u7701\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u6210\u898b\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u8a55\u50f9\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u6b63\u5178\u4e2d\u6975\u5c11\u9078\u5165\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5e38\u5e38\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u660e\u986f\u504f\u9817\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u5178\u7bc4\u906d\u5230\u6311\u6230\u6642\u5c31\u90fd\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede\u53ca\u8a6e\u91cb\u96a8\u8457\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u7576\u5152\uff0c\u820a\u5178\u7bc4\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9ede\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u76f2\u9ede\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u5be6\u8cea\u529b\u91cf\u591a\u9ebc\u6709\u9650\uff09\u5973\u6027\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u652f\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u8655\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5178\u7bc4\u66f4\u66ff\u300d\u7684\u7bc0\u9aa8\u773c\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u904e\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7591\u554f\u591a\u65bc\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u591a\u65bc\u7acb\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u5404\u4f4d\u8ac7\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8af8\u591a\u6311\u6230\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5927\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u6d3e\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u61c9\u8d70\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7686\u6709\u7368\u5230\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5e0c\u671b\u7531\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u5207\u5165\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u5169\u5927\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7acb\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8b80\u8005\u53cd\u61c9\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u662f\u300c\u5b78\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u6b78\u7d0d\u3002\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u7531\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\uff0c\u5230\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u5c0d\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\u4e5f\u6709\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u6703\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u63f4\u5f15\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u3001\u95e1\u91cb\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u5206\u6790\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u5927\u6709\u5c90\u7570\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4eca\u665a\u6211\u9084\u662f\u7528\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7c60\u7d71\u540d\u7a31\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91d0\u6e05\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7531\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f86\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5f97\u5148\u8aaa\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6211\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u8981\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u5207\u5165\u5462\uff1f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u5178\u7bc4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\uff1b\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3001\u67b6\u69cb\u53ca\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u8aaa\u767d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u95b1\u8b80\u6846\u67b6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u600e\u9ebc\u8b80\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5c31\u7b97\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u662f\u6e3e\u7136\u5929\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u53ca\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u5b78\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6b63\u5178The Verbal Icon<\/em>\uff08\u300a\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8056\u50cf\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Wimsatt\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u628a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7576\u6210\u8056\u50cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5169\u7bc7\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u505a\u70ba\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u53eb”The Intentional Fallacy”\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u61c9\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u6216\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u53ca\u81ea\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u52d5\u6a5f\u6216\u672c\u610f\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u8003\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a55\u65b7\u6642\u53ea\u8981\u5c31\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba”The Affective Fallacy”\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u7531\u5df1\u8eab\u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u61c9\u51fa\u767c\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u4e26\u8a55\u65b7\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0cWimsatt\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6703\u6d41\u65bc\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u60c5\u611f\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u5ea7\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u5b78\u6703\u8aaa\uff1a\u5c0d\u554a\uff01\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u6700\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7167\u8457\u6587\u672c\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5bb9\u8a31\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u5916\u529b\u300d\u4ecb\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u8b93\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6b78\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u6b78\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u8b93\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6b78\u6587\u5b78\u5427\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6df1\u610f\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u767d\u7d19\u9ed1\u5b57\u5beb\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5728\u4f5c\u54c1\u6587\u5b57\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff1a\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u500b\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u6df1\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u6392\u9664\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u4eba\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4fbf\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5448\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u5fc3\u5c0b\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u6a21\u5f0f\u63db\u6210\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u655e\u958b\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u5728\u767d\u7d19\u9ed1\u5b57\u4e2d\u5411\u6211\u5011\u986f\u73fe\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u95b1\u8b80\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u81ea\u884c\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u6b63\u662f\u900f\u904e\u90a3\u500b\u5168\u9762\u6cef\u6ec5\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u4f86\u5f70\u986f\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7cbe\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\u639b\u5e25\u3001\u570b\u5bcc\u592a\u5e73\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u906d\u53d7\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u7522\u751f\u61f7\u7591\u3001\u5c0d\u5efa\u5236\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u611f\u3001\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u80af\u5b9a\u3001\u5c0d\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u6240\u5b78\u5167\u5bb9\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4e00\u4ee3\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u76841960\u5e74\u4ee3\u2500\u2500\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fbf\u906d\u9047\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5404\u4f4d\u624b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4efdJane Tompkins\u8457\u540d\u9078\u96c6Reader-Response Criticism: From Formalism to Post-Structuralism<\/em>\uff08Johns Hopkins, 1980\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5176\u4e2d\u5e7e\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u300c\u8b80\u8005\u6279\u8a55\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

Tompkins\u5728\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5171\u901a\u95dc\u5207\u800c\u6311\u9078\u4f86\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u5171\u901a\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u540d\u7684\u662f\u5982\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Poulet\u548cIser\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u51fa\u81ea\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8996\u95b1\u8b80\u70ba\u4e3b\u5ba2\u76f8\u9047\u4ea4\u6703\u6642\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u627f\u8a8d\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff08\u6587\u672c\uff09\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f86\u8b80\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c0\u7279\u6027\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\uff08concretize\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7b97\u662f\u4e3b\u5ba2\u5408\u4f5c\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Poulet\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u5176\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u8b80\u8005\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u6eb6\u5165\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u91cd\u65b0\uff08\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u5617\u8a66\u7167\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\u539f\u5148\u5275\u4f5c\u6642\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff09\u4f86\u7d93\u9a57\u9019\u500b\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u300c\u95b1\u8b80\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u4ea4\u6d41\u878d\u6703\u7684\u300c\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cIser\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u5176\u5ba2\u89c0\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u7e2b\u9699\u7684\u3002\u7528Iser\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u672a\u8aaa\u3001\u672a\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e9bgaps\uff08\u7a7a\u9699\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\u4fbf\u662f\u904b\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4f86\u88dc\u8db3\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u4f5c\u54c1\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8b80\u8005\u53cd\u61c9\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u770b\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u8981\u770b\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u6642\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u95b1\u8b80\u7d93\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u300c\u95b1\u8b80\u300d\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u975c\u614b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1b\u4e92\u52d5\u6210\u70ba\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc7\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u7684Stanley Fish\uff09\u4e5f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u5408\u4f5c\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662fFish\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u300d\u8981\u6bd4\u300c\u5ba2\u300d\u9084\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u610f\u8b58=\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u7a2eAffective Stylistics\u8207\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u6240\u6392\u65a5\u7684affective fallacy\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0cFish\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a6e\u91cb\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u8aaa\u767d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u6162\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\u7e3d\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4e9b\u9810\u671f\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u9810\u4f5c\u731c\u6e2c\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9810\u671f\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5370\u8b49\u6216\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u5c0dFish\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u95b1\u8b80\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u601d\u7dd2\u4e0a\u7684\u6b61\u6b23\u632b\u6298\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8a6e\u91cb\u4f5c\u54c1\u6642\u61c9\u8a72\u770b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u62b9\u715e\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u3001\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u3001\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u52d5\u53bb\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\uff0f\u9ad4\u9a57\u300d\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u8abf\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u548c\u820a\u5178\u7bc4\u4e2d\u7684\u900f\u660e\u8b80\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8207\u8a9e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u61c9\u8a72\u9644\u5e36\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89c0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5404\u4f4d\u4e86\u89e3\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5c0d\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e26\u4e0d\uff08\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u5b78\u6642\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u8ab2\u672c\u4e2d\u8b80\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff09\u662f\u500b\u5225\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u96c6\u7d50\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u67b6\u69cb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u751f\u5230\uff08born into\uff09\u9019\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u5148\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u532f\u96c6\u9ede\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u6027\u6216\u7279\u8cea\uff08\u9019\u6703\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u8655\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4ea4\u6703\u9ede\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u662f\u6211\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u5973\u5152\uff0c\u6211\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u59b9\u59b9\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\uff0c\u67d0\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7684\u65b0\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u67d0\u6559\u5b98\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u9130\u5c45\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5982\u679c\u627f\u8a8d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u5c45\u4f34\u4fb6\u3001\u6536\u990a\u5b50\u5973\uff09\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u8eab\u5206\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u8abf\u6574\u3002\uff08\u5f9e\u67d0\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u52d5\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u8b8a\u52d5\u70ba\u5e38\u614b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u6309\u8457\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f37\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff08Noam Chomsky\uff09\u52aa\u529b\u627e\u5c0b\u300c\u666e\u904d\u6587\u6cd5\u300d\uff08universal grammar\uff09\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08transformational grammar\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u7531\u6709\u9650\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u5f62\uff0c\u6309\u8457\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u898f\u5247\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u6240\u807d\u5230\u7684\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53c8\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u80fd\u807d\u61c2\u5f9e\u672a\u807d\u904e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5462\uff1f\uff09\u5728\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u674e\u7dad\u53f2\u9640\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u89aa\u5c6c\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u539f\u59cb\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9762\u5177\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u904b\u4f5c\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5404\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5171\u6709\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005Propp\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u4fc4\u570b\u7ae5\u8a71\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u898f\u756b\u51fa31\u7a2e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u529f\u80fd\uff0c7\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c8\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0cPropp\u671f\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7368\u7279\u7d44\u5408\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u65e2\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u500b\u5225\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u5f62\u614b\u2500\u2500\u9019\u53c8\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u639b\u5e25\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u578b\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u6587\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u6587\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5927\u5c07\u5982Todorov\u6216Genette\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u500b\u5225\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6642\u5f80\u5f80\u5957\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4f5c\u54c1\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u767c\u5c55\u5247\u88ab\u6b78\u7d0d\u70ba\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f86\u986f\u793a\u9019\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u8aaa\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u7e5e\u8457\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u5167\u90e8\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u7bc0(p. 11)\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u8f49\u7684\u3002Todorov\u5c0d\u300a\u5341\u65e5\u8ac7\u300b\uff0cGenette\u5c0dProust\u300a\u8ffd\u61b6\u901d\u6c34\u5e74\u83ef\u300b\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u8a69\u5b78\u300d(a poetics for narratives) \u6216\u6558\u4e8b\u5b78(narratology)\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u6587\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u88ab\u4eba\u6279\u8a55\u662f\u300c\u53cd\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u300c\u53cd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u8ad6\uff08\u598245\u9801\u6240\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u9ede\u771f\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u534a\u5728\u4f5c\u54c1\u5167\u6253\u8f49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u674e\u7dad\u53f2\u9640\u8a55\u70ba\u300c\u5c0f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u3002\u674e\u7dad\u53f2\u9640\u8cac\u5099\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8996\u6558\u8ff0\u6587\u5b78\u70ba\u64f4\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u7d50\u69cb\u800c\u8f49\u63db\u5f97\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u4eba\u7269\u898f\u5b9a\u70ba\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ca\u5c6c\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u884c\u6587\u6cd5\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u674e\u7dad\u53f2\u9640\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u73fe\u8c61\u76f8\u9023\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u5728\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u6253\u8f49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u6cd5\u570b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005Barthes\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u4e86\u3002Barthes\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5728Writing Degree Zero<\/em>\u4e2d\u986f\u793a\u9019\u7a2e\u96f6\u5ea6\u5beb\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u8cc7\u7522\u7686\u7d1a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5e03\u723e\u55ac\u4e9e\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u767c\u751f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u4f86\u770b\u4f3c\u81ea\u7136\u4e14\u7121\u8f9c\u7d14\u6f54\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u624d\u88ab\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5176\u539f\u672c\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6210\u4efd\u3002\u5728The Fashion System<\/em>\u53caMythologies<\/em>\u4e8c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cBarthes\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7528\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u6cd5\u570b\u65e5\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8863\u8457\u53ca\u5ee3\u544a\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u53ca\u5ba3\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\uff1b\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u5408\u4e4e\u674e\u7dad\u53f2\u9640\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u986f\u793a\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u8a18\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e26\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

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