{"id":1290,"date":"2005-12-01T10:42:24","date_gmt":"2005-12-01T02:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/karl_article\/?p=1290"},"modified":"2021-06-29T10:46:29","modified_gmt":"2021-06-29T02:46:29","slug":"%e6%85%be%e6%9c%9b%e3%80%81%e9%9d%92%e5%b9%b4%e3%80%81%e7%b6%b2%e8%b7%af%e3%80%81%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e5%8f%8d%e5%81%87%e5%88%86%e7%b4%9a%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e8%ab%87%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sex.ncu.edu.tw\/karl_article\/2005\/12\/%e6%85%be%e6%9c%9b%e3%80%81%e9%9d%92%e5%b9%b4%e3%80%81%e7%b6%b2%e8%b7%af%e3%80%81%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e5%8f%8d%e5%81%87%e5%88%86%e7%b4%9a%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e8%ab%87%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u617e\u671b\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u904b\u52d5\uff1a\u5f9e\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u8ac7\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u904b\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 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\u6211\u6e34\u671b\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u8207\u88ab\u553e\u68c4\u3002\u2026 \u300c\u5bb6\u9577\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c08\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u6bd4\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u3001\u6b98\u5fcd\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u3001\u8499\u6627\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u66f4\u5177\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u2026 \u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4fae\u8fb1\u4e86\u6211\u5c0d\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6309\u7167\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u76ee\u7684\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6216\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\ufe5d\u4f46\u7562\u7adf\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\ufe5e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5225\u4eba\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u627f\u8a8d\u6211\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u2500\u2500Isaiah Berlin<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Berlin\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4eba\u5011\u8ffd\u6c42\u300c\u8eab\u5206\u5730\u4f4d\u300d\u8207\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u504f\u91cd\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u88ab\u4eba\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u6216\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\uff08\u6df7\u540c\uff09\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cBerlin\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5169\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u7d0d\u63a5\u5408\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u4f55\u5275\u9020\u81ea\u7531\uff08liberty\uff09\u8207\u8a8d\u53ef\uff08recognition\uff09\u5169\u8005\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684Will Kymlica\u8207Charles Taylor\u5247\u5f9e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8de8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u63a5\u5408\u300c\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\uff08\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u8de8\u7684\u4e0d\u5920\u5927\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u5f9e\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904eBerlin\u628a\u300c\u8eab\u5206\u5730\u4f4d\u300d\u8207\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u4e26\u5217\u4e92\u901a\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u4f38\uff1a\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u662f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u95dc\uff08\u7531\u65bcBerlin\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9ede\u51fa\u300c\u5bb6\u9577\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u5728\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u500b\u9952\u5bcc\u610f\u5473\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u300c\u8eab\u5206\u5730\u4f4d\u300d\u5247\u662f\u793e\u6703\uff08\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728Max 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href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[3]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e5f\u6ce2\u53ca\u6587\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u70ba\u6d89\u53ca\u8272\u60c5\u5167\u5bb9\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7f8e\u5b78\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u85c9\u8457\u5448\u73fe\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u6240\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u8af8\u5982\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001grotesque\u7578\u5f62\u919c\u602a\u3001\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u6216\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216civility\u7b49\uff09\u4f86\u6279\u5224\u73fe\u4ee3\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u8457\u6279\u5224\u73fe\u5b58\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u70ba\u722d\u8b70\u6216\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u6b77\u53f2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u5192\u72af\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u300d\u9019\u985e\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u8457\u7dad\u8b77\u73fe\u5b58\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8a2d\u7acb\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u65e8\u8da3\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bb6\u9577\uff08\u89aa\u6b0a\uff09\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u904e\u53bb\u541b\u4e3b\u5c08\u5236\u665a\u671f\u548c\u5171\u548c\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u300c\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u516c\u958b\u6216\u516c\u5171\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u6642\u9664\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u7687\u5ba4\u7684\u300c\u516c\u5171\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u516c\u5171\uff08\u5834\u6240\uff09\u300d\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u5805\u968e\u7d1a\uff08middle class\uff09\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5171\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6210\u4efd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad2\u4e82\u548c\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u300c\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c0d\u6c11\u773e\u6574\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u9084\u6c92\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u2500\u2500\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u53cd\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6c11\u773e\u6574\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4fb5\u72af\u8005\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4f5c\u70ba\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u85c9\u53e3\u7684\u300c\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u541b\u4e3b\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7267\u6c11\u8005\u300d\u9810\u8a2d\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u516c\u773e\u662f\u6c11\u667a\u672a\u958b\u7684\u3001\u9700\u8981\u541b\u738b\u7267\u990a\u5f15\u5c0e\u5230\u5584\u826f\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff08\u897f\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5247\u5c07\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6bd4\u64ec\u70ba\u7267\u7f8a\u8005\u8207\u7f8a\u7fa4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u660e\u667a\u541b\u4e3b\u6216\u5171\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u6b64\u6642\u662f\u4ee5\uff08\u4eca\u65e5\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7a31\u70ba\uff09\u89aa\u6b0a\u6216\u5bb6\u9577\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08paternalism\uff09\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4f86\u66ff\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u8faf\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8da8\u5411\u7a69\u5b9a\uff08\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6d88\u9000\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u61b2\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u5f62\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u6210\u4eba\u6709\u5225\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5805\u968e\u7d1a\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u570b\u5bb6\u5c07\u516c\u6c11\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u5316\u300d\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u65e5\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff1b\u65e2\u7136\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u884c\u660e\u667a\u5224\u65b7\u9078\u64c7\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u5224\u65b7\u9078\u64c7\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4ee5\u300c\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u70ba\u8faf\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7537\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u96d6\u7136\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u5152\u7ae5\u5316\u2500\u2500\u8272\u60c5\u5192\u72af\u4e86\u5a66\u5973\uff1a\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5a66\u5973\u662f\u5982\u5152\u7ae5\u822c\u7684\u8106\u5f31\uff08\u6703\u88ab\u6587\u5b57\u60f3\u50cf\u6240\u50b7\u5bb3\uff09\u8207\u5929\u771f\u7121\u90aa\u2500\u2500\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u9700\u8981\u6216\u4e0d\uff08\u61c9\uff09\u8af3\u6027\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u548c\u7537\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6703\u88ab\u8272\u60c5\u5192\u72af\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u6216\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\u5747\u5728\u6027\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u8da8\u5411\u5c07\u5973\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5973\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u95b1\u8b80\u8272\u60c5\u5f97\u5230\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5641\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8272\u60c5\u624b\u6deb\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\uff08\u9019\u88e1\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5a66\u5973\u7576\u7136\u662f\u8c9e\u6f54\u5a66\u5973\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5a66\u5973\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u8272\u60c5\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 Fred Berger\u5206\u5225\u57281977\u82071984\u5beb\u904e\u5169\u7bc7\u53cd\u5c0d\u67e5\u7981\u8272\u60c5\u66f8\u520a\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u520a\u8f09\u5728Alan Sobel\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684<em>Philosophy of Sex<\/em>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u7bc7\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u6279\u8a55\u897f\u65b91960\u53ca1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u5247\u662f\u6279\u8a551970\u53ca1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5925\u540c\u65b0\u53f3\u6d3e\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5a66\u904b\u548c\u6027\u904b\u4e5f\u8208\u8d77\u4e86\u300c\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u617e\u300d\uff08female sexuality\uff09\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\u662f\uff1a\u5973\u4eba\u4e5f\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u60c5\u6b32\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u8005\u8207\u81ea\u4e3b\u8005\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8272\u60c5\u66f8\u520a\u7684\u660e\u667a\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7537\u6027\u7684\u9670\u8482\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u300c\u9670\u9053\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u300d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u624b\u6deb\u8207\u5973\u6027\u6027\u5e7b\u60f3\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u6b63\u7576\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u665a\u8fd1\u9084\u88ab\u6298\u5c04\u70ba\u300c\u592b\u59bb\u89c0\u8cde\uff21\u7247\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5a5a\u59fb\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u53c8\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u300c\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u5152\u7ae5\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6839\u64da\uff08\u4e0d\u904e\u300c\u5a66\u5973\u5152\u7ae5\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u67e5\u7981\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5a66\u5973\u5152\u7ae5\u8f03\u9060\u96e2\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u63a5\u89f8\u8272\u60c5\uff09\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u300c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u300d\u5e74\u9f61\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff08\u7531\u65bc\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff09\u8207\u300c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u554f\u984c\u6216\u4ee3\u6e9d\u300d\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\uff0f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e0d\u5b9c\u300d\u5982\u4eca\u5c31\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8faf\u8b77\u8aaa\u8a5e\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u300c\u5bb6\u9577\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u6709\u8457\u8b8a\u5316\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u7ba1\u5236\u6c38\u9060\u5e36\u4f86\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u6a02\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7ba1\u5236\uff09\u3002\u7576\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u6709\u8457\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u5c64\u8b66\u5bdf\u6216\u516c\u5b89\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff09\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u85c9\u8457\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u4f86\u4fb5\u5bb3\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f8b\u59821916\u5e74\u6c11\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5c55\u958b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d3b\u52d5\u67e5\u7981\u6deb\u7a62\u66f8\u520a\uff0c\u4e26\u5236\u5b9a\u300c\u5be9\u6838\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96dc\u8a8c\u689d\u4f8b\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8207\u734e\u52f5\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300d\uff0c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u61c9\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u662f\uff1a\u300c\uff081\uff09\u5b97\u65e8\u4e56\u8b2c\uff0c\u59a8\u7919\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u8fad\u610f\u6deb\u90aa\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u5584\u826f\u98a8\u4fd7\u8005\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u601d\u60f3\u504f\u6fc0\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u570b\u5bb6\u8005\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[4]<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8a00\u8ad6\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u76e3\u8996\u6280\u8853\u3001\u8edf\u786c\u9ad4\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u8272\u60c5\u6aa2\u67e5\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u539f\u672c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7528\u4f86\u88dd\u7f6e\u8272\u60c5\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6280\u8853\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u800c\u632a\u7528\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8ad6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u76e3\u8996\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u8207\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u6642\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u76e3\u8996\u6280\u8853\u3001\u7d93\u8cbb\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u8edf\u786c\u9ad4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u6212\u56b4\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u67e5\u7981\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u300c\u63a9\u8b77\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u8332\u82091976\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u7981\u66f8\u76ee\u9304\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u5f35\u5316\u6c11\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u8a3a\u65b7\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5468\u4f5b\u6d77\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6027\u5b78\u5bb6David Ruben\u7684\u5168\u7403\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8<em>Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Sex&#8230;But Were Afraid to Ask<\/em>\uff08\u7406\u7531\u5247\u662f\uff1a\u5167\u5bb9\u7325\u893b\u4f9d\u6cd5\u67e5\u7981\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8607\u73ca\uff0e\u52c3\u6717\u7c73\u52d2\uff08Susan Brownmiller\uff09\u7684\u5a66\u904b\u63a7\u8a34\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u540d\u8457Against Our Will\u4e5f\u5728\u67e5\u7981\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u6b64\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u540d\uff1a\u300a\u6027\uff0b\u66b4\u529b\uff1d\uff1f\u300b\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u6050\u6015\u4ecd\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u7126\u616e\u8207\u6050\u614c\u5427\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u7981\u8272\u60c5\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u4f86\u63a9\u8b77\u5176\u67e5\u7981\u5176\u4ed6\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u66f8\u520a\u5916\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u8a95\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u672c\u63a2\u8a0e\u7f8e\u570b\u96fb\u5f71\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u66f8\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a1930\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u4e39\u5c3c\u723e\u2027\u52de\u5fb7\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u58eb\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\u6aa2\u67e5\u6cd5\u5178\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u96fb\u5f71\u5ba3\u63da\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u6436\u52ab\u3001\u901a\u59e6\u548c\u8ce3\u6deb\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u6cd5\u5178\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u96fb\u5f71\u696d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u96fb\u5f71\u696d\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u7247\u4eba\u548c\u767c\u884c\u4eba\u5354\u6703\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6d77\u65af\u5177\u9ad4\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e16\u7a31\u300c\u6d77\u65af\u6cd5\u5178\u300d\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u6cd5\u5178\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u8868\u73fe\u88f8\u9ad4\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u5974\u5f79\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u8ca9\u6bd2\u5438\u6bd2\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u8207\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u901a\u5a5a\u3001\u653e\u7e31\u60c5\u6b32\u7684\u63a5\u543b\u3001\u6311\u9017\u6027\u7684\u59ff\u52e2\u548c\u7006\u795e\u8a00\u884c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4eba\u58eb\u900f\u904e\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u96fb\u5f71\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a8d\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u770b\u4e86\u4e0d\u826f\u96fb\u5f71\u5f8c\u6703\u5fc3\u8df3\u52a0\u901f\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u8cea\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5931\u7720\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9084\u5728\u5152\u7ae5\u5e8a\u4e0b\u5b89\u88dd\u7761\u7720\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a5f\u5668\u4f86\u8490\u96c6\u6578\u64da<a 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name=\"_ftnref6\">[5]<\/a>\u3002\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u6aa2\u67e5\u8207\u76e3\u8996\u5f71\u50cf\u5a92\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u8853\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u76e3\u7763\u5718\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u95b1\u807d\u4eba\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u69cb\u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u50be\u5411\u7dad\u8b77\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5a66\u5973\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5805\u6c7a\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u547c\u53ec\u4e86\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u652f\u6301\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\u76f8\u7576\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u8272\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u8272\u60c5\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u300c\u53cd\u8272\u60c5\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u5a66\u5e7c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u70ba\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0b\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u5168\u7403\u5316\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u793e\u6703\u5dee\u7570\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u6ecb\u751f\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5316\u4e43\u662f\u5fb5\u5019\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6311\u6230\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u65b0\u8208\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u7af6\u9010\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u968e\u7d1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u7b49\u793e\u6703\u5316\uff08socialization\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u7ba1\u9053\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u6027\u5225\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u72af\u898f\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u554f\u984c\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u7121\u80fd\u61c9\u4ed8\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7d71\u6cbb\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u5fc5\u9808\u76f4\u63a5\u7d50\u5408\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4ee3\u7406\u67d0\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5bc6\u4f48\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u6ef2\u900f\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08governance\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u300c\u5354\u540c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u65e2\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u5411\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u662f\u5a01\u8105\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5404\u65b9\u6b0a\u529b\u722d\u6230\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u6c11\u6b0a\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\u5f15\u767c\u6230\u722d\uff08culture wars\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u7d1a\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u65bd\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u666e\u904d\u8da8\u52e2\u4e0b\u7684\u5728\u5730\u767c\u5c55\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8207\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u5340\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6b0a\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u9806\u5229\u7d50\u5408\uff1b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u958b\u59cb\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u904e\u53bb\u5171\u540c\u5c0d\u6297\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u73fe\u6642\u671f\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u4f7f\u9081\u5411\uff08\u5354\u540c\uff09\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u65bd\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5152\u5c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u5152\u5c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7522\u751f\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7d50\u5408\u4e4b\u300c\uff08\u5354\u540c\uff09\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u767c\u5c55<a href=\"#_ftn7\" 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citizen\uff09\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[7]<\/a>\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u5bc4\u8eab\u73fe\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7c21\u8ff0\u9019\u6b21\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2004\u5e7412\u6708\u4e0a\u8def\u7684\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u95b1\u8b80\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u3001\uff08\u8272\u60c5\uff09\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u4fb5\u72af\u50b3\u7d71\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u7acb\u5373\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u901a\u8def\u3001\u79df\u66f8\u5e97\u3001\u8b80\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6f2b\u756b\u3001\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u540c\u4eba\u8a8c\u9019\u985e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u8b80\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u773e\u591a\u800c\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9664\u4e86\u8ca1\u52d9\u5229\u76ca\u7acb\u5373\u53d7\u640d\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u642d\u4fbf\u8eca\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u51fa\u9762\u6297\u722d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6297\u722d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5805\u6301\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u6216\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u59a5\u5354\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u8ca1\u52d9\u640d\u5931\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u722d\u53d6\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u70ba\u865f\u53ec\u3001\u51fa\u9762\u7d44\u7e54\u6297\u722d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5fc5\u9808\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u5099\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u6216\u8f03\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\u5c0f\u5708\u5708\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u610f\u9858\u52d5\u529b\uff08motivation\uff09\u4f86\u51fa\u9762\u2500\u2500\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u300c\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u610f\u9858\u52d5\u529b\u51fa\u9762\u6297\u722d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8a8d\u540c\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5bc4\u8eab\u8005\u624d\u6703\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u610f\u9858\u52d5\u529b\u3002\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u806f\u76df\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u8207\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7684\u6297\u722d\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u904b\u52d5\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u6297\u722d\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u662f\u8af8\u5982\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u6216\u95b1\u8b80\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u5176\u7d44\u7e54\u6838\u5fc3\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\uff08\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\uff09\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u6240\u5bc4\u8eab\u5275\u9020\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u6216\u6027\u5716\u66f8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u6027\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u548c\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7522\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6027\u6aa2\u67e5\u6027\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6cdb\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5152\u5c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6ce2\u5c0d\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9032\u653b\u548c\u7dca\u7e2e\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u53c3\u8207\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4efd\u5b50\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6027\u7570\u8b70\u4efd\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6027\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6027\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u4e5f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7206\u767c\u7684\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\uff1b\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u8457\u5c0d\u6297\u9019\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u80cc\u6c34\u4e00\u6230\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u722d\u53d6\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u300c\u5bc4\u8eab\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5176\u90e8\u4efd\u52d5\u529b\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u985e\u96c6\u9ad4\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u88ab\u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citizen\uff09\u3001\u300c\u4ee3\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc4\u8eab\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u5bc4\u8eab\u300d\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u904b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea4\u758a\u4e32\u9023\uff0c\u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8457\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6216\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5404\u985e\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u9019\u5169\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5bc4\u8eab\u6642\uff0c\u793e\u904b\u7684\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5c31\u66f4\u5177\u5099\u4e86\u3002\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u76f8\u7570\u8a8d\u540c\u5c0f\u5708\u5708\u7684\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u4e88\u793e\u904b\u7684\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\u4e0d\u5c11\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u6c11\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u52d5\u529b\u610f\u9858\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u6709\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff1b\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u555f\u767c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5728\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6ecb\u990a\u80b2\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u7d22\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5bc4\u8eab\u8005\u7684\u773e\u591a\u7cfb\u8b5c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5bc4\u8eab\u8005\u4f86\u81ea\u65e2\u6709\u91cd\u758a\u3001\u53c8\u6709\u5206\u9694\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u67d0\u500bBBS\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u904e\u793e\u904b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6216\u540c\u5fd7\u5b78\u751f\u793e\u5718\u7684\u71df\u968a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u53c3\u52a0\u793e\u904b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u88ab\u6372\u5165\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u52d5\u54e1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u591a\u5143\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u793e\u904b\u7a4d\u6975\u4efd\u5b50\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u610f\u5916\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u532f\u96c6\uff0c\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96c6\u9ad4\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u52d5\u529b\u3001\u52d5\u54e1\u80fd\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u7522\u751f\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u7db2\u8def\uff1b\u5289\u5141\u83ef\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c0d\u6b64\u7d66\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u860a\u6db5\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u904b\u52d5\u5e79\u90e8\u8207\u533f\u540d\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5e73\u53f0\u6642\uff0c\u9ec3\u8389\u5a77\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u8def\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u8f9b\u82e6\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u71b1\u8840\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u7684\u9152\u98ef\u4ea4\u969b\u5f8c\u9a0e\u6a13\u4e0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff08\u5433\u9298\u8ed2\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u5acc\u9577\u7684\u5c0e\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u6307\u51fa\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u4ea4\u758a\u5408\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6027\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u5e73\u53cd\u6027\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u300c\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u300d\u7684\u6027\u904b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5bc4\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u904b\u52d5\u5247\u4e5f\u6709\u5225\u7684\u793e\u904b\u6216\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5bc4\u8eab\u2026\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5bc4\u8eab\u89c0\u5ff5\u6307\u5411\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u617e\u671b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u81ea\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u5bc4\u8eab\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\uff08\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc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style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u9644\u9304\u4e00\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7de3\u8d77<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6a19\u984c\u4e43\u662f\u3008\u300c\u617e\u671b\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u904b\u52d5\uff1a\u5f9e\u53cd\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u8ac7\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u904b\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u5c0e\u8a00\u3009\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u662f\u53cd\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u7684\u5c0e\u8a00\u3002\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b2005\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c60\u671f\uff0c\u9801179-196\u3002\u8a72\u671f\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u6587\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u56db\u4f4d\u5f15\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u7a3f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u53cd\u5206\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba<a href=\"#_ftn9\" 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style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u9644\u9304\u4e09\uff1a\u66f8\u5c55\u711a\u66f8\uff0c\u8ab0\u8981\u8b80\u66f8\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff08\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b2005\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\uff09<\/p>\n<p>2005\u65b0\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u53f0\u4e2d\u5168\u570b\u66f8\u5c55\u9580\u524d\u6f14\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9f63\u8d85\u7d1a\u8352\u8b2c\u5287\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u90e8\u6700\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u300c\u53f0\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u66f8\u5c55\u300d\u5728\u53f0\u4e2d\u4e16\u8cbf\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u865f\u7a31\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u570b\u7684\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u518a\u66f8\u7c4d\u5c55\u51fa\u3002\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u7adf\u6a19\u699c\u300c\u7f8e\u9e97\u711a\u66f8\uff0c\u6230\u52dd\u88f8\u9732\u300d\uff0c\u8acb\u4f86\u5169\u4f4d\u7576\u7d05\u7684\u540d\u6a21\u8eab\u8457\u665a\u79ae\u670d\u548c\u767d\u8272\u76ae\u6bdb\u5916\u5957\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u89aa\u624b\u6495\u6bc0\u66f8\u520a\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5973\u795e\u4e4b\u59ff\u62ff\u8457\u706b\u70ac\u5728\u73fe\u5834\u9ede\u706b\u711a\u6bc0\u4e09\u5343\u672c\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u5716\u66f8\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5beb\u771f\u96c6\u4e5f\u6709\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u611b\u770b\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\u6708\u520a\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f48\u4ee5\u884c\u52d5\u97ff\u61c9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5716\u66f8\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5206\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u806f\u76df\u300d\u4e8b\u5148\u5f9e\u6d3b\u52d5\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e2d\u5f97\u77e5\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u592e\u8acb\u7db2\u53cb\u5230\u5834\u62cd\u651d\u7167\u7247\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u5be6\u6cc1\u3002\u5f9e\u7db2\u53cb\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5831\u5c0e\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u66f8\u5c55\u9580\u524d\u5927\u706b\u6c96\u5929\uff0c\u6fc3\u7159\u5bc6\u4f48\uff0c\u4e09\u5343\u518a\u66f8\u7c4d\u7070\u98db\u6e6e\u6ec5\uff0c\u66f8\u5c55\u50cf\u6975\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u711a\u71d2\u5834\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u66f8\u9999\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u64b2\u9f3b\u7684\u6c7d\u6cb9\u5473\uff0c\u53c3\u89c0\u66f8\u5c55\u6e96\u5099\u8981\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u570d\u89c0\u66f8\u7c4d\u88ab\u70c8\u706b\u541e\u566c\uff0c\u5834\u9762\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e82\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u711a\u66f8\u662f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8c61\u5fb5\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u628a\u88ab\u711a\u7684\u66f8\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u793a\u773e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u66f8\u7c4d\u4e43\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u98df\u7ce7\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5177\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u597d\u66f8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u600e\u80fd\u504f\u9817\u5730\u85c9\u711a\u66f8\u800c\u6c61\u540d\u300c\u88f8\u9732\u300d\uff1f\u9019\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u5927\u932f\u7279\u932f\u7684\u6027\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u554f\uff1a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6050\u6016\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u91ce\u883b\u793e\u6703\u7adf\u6703\u5728\u66f8\u5c55\u524d\u711a\u66f8\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u611a\u8822\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u6703\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u5927\u773e\u8b80\u66f8\u8cb7\u66f8\u7684\u5834\u5408\u71d2\u66f8\uff1f\u4eba\u6c11\u96e3\u9053\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u9078\u64c7\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u66f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u66f8\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u9084\u8981\u52de\u52d5\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u52d5\u66ff\u4ed6\u5011\u6de8\u5316\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u525b\u597d\u5929\u51b7\u98a8\u5927\uff0c\u71d2\u6bc0\u7684\u7070\u71fc\u788e\u7247\u6eff\u5929\u98db\u63da\uff0c\u6fc3\u7159\u55c6\u4eba\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u89ba\u5f97\u7a7a\u6c23\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u9060\u4e0d\u5982\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u520a\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u82e6\u4e86\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u66f8\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u4e86\u66ff\u6d3b\u52d5\u9020\u52e2\uff0c\u9084\u66fe\u7d93\u8acb\u4f86\u865f\u7a31\u64c1\u670938 J\u7f69\u676f\u50b2\u4eba\u80f8\u570d\u7684\u65e5\u672cAV\u5973\u512a\u8868\u6f14\u4ee5\u80f8\u90e8\u593e\u66f8\uff1b\u4eca\u5e74\u5247\u8acb\u4f86\u672c\u571f\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u7528\u71d2\u66f8\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u8cb7\u66f8\u8b80\u66f8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5217\u540d\u8207\u66f8\u7c4d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5341\u5927\u5947\u805e\uff0c\u9019\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\u641e\u4f5c\u79c0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5927\u6982\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u62db\u5fa0\u4eba\u6c23\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8a0e\u597d\u611b\u770b\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u5716\u66f8\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u5247\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8a0e\u597d\u4e0a\u7d1a\u653f\u7b56\u88fd\u9020\u65b0\u805e\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u62d9\u52a3\u7684\u516c\u95dc\u624b\u6cd5\u6839\u672c\u7121\u52a9\u65bc\u6df1\u5316\u8b80\u66f8\u98a8\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7db2\u53cb\u5011\u63d0\u5230\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8def\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u66f8\u5e97\u628a\u6709\u95dc\u5973\u6027\u7684\u300a\u4e73\u623f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u300b\u7b49\u7b49\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u9ede\u8271\u6f80\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u5168\u90fd\u4ee5\u81a0\u819c\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\u7576\u6210\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\u3002\u986f\u7136\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5df2\u7d93\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u800c\u5e97\u5bb6\u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4e7e\u8106\u5c31\u671b\u6587\u751f\u7fa9\u7684\u628a\u89ba\u5f97\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u901b\u66f8\u5e97\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6210\u5e74\u8207\u5426\u90fd\u63a5\u89f8\u4e0d\u5230\u539f\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u89e3\u653e\u529b\u9053\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u9019\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a8\u51fa\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8499\u6627\u5f31\u667a\u7d50\u679c\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u7d1b\u7d1b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6027\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u89ba\u609f\u5230\u5973\u4eba\u81ea\u5c0f\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u627f\u53d7\u5404\u7a2e\u6709\u95dc\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u8fd1\u7528\u60c5\u8272\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u7df4\u7fd2\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u60c5\u617e\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u66f8\u7c4d\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u518d\u6b21\u525d\u596a\u5c11\u5973\u8fd1\u7528\u60c5\u617e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u66f4\u4e00\u8209\u632b\u6298\u4e86\u6bcf\u65e5\u5728\u773e\u591a\u66f8\u5e97\u4e2d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u9032\u884c\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u95b1\u8b80\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u66f8\u3001\u71d2\u66f8\u3001\u641c\u66f8\u3001\u7981\u66f8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u4eba\u4e0d\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u71b1\u611b\u95b1\u8b80\u5404\u7a2e\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u52e4\u65bc\u95b1\u8b80\u71b1\u5fc3\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u666e\u901a\u7d1a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6015\u8d85\u8d8a\u9650\u5236\u7d1a\uff0c\u5e7e\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b\u5206\u7d1a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u4e8b\u4eba\u54e1\u793a\u7bc4\u7a4d\u6975\u8b80\u66f8\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u6ce8\u91cb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[1]<\/a> \u51fa\u81eaBerlin\u7684\u201cTwo Concepts of Liberty\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u56db\u8ad6\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff08\u9673\u66c9\u6797\u8b6f\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u806f\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u8207\u95e1\u91cb\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u4f86\u81ea\u8a72\u6587\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[2]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u5e73\u79cb\u3001\u7ae0\u57f9\u6052\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7981\u66f8\u5927\u89c0\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1990\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u51fa\u81ea126-27\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[3]<\/a> \u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u6211\u53c3\u8003\u4e86\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7684\uff1c\u8272\u60c5\u8207\u5973\uff0f\u6027\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff1e\uff0c\u73fe\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u672c\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[4]<\/a> \u5f15\u81ea\u7f85\u6aa2\u79cb\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9077\u9304\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\uff1a\u6d59\u6c5f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\u3002272\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[5]<\/a> \u90b5\u7267\u541b\uff0c\u300a\u7981\u6b62\u653e\u6620\uff1a\u597d\u840a\u5862\u7981\u7247\u53f2\u5be6\u9304\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u85dd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u30021-7\uff0c207-11\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[6]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5230\u5168\u9762\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u5c11NGO\u7684\u7267\u4e16\u5927\u696d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b59 (2005.9)\uff1a1-42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[7]<\/a> \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6703\u8b70\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\uff1c\u5bc4\u8eab\u516c\u6c11\uff1e\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8207\u6587\u5316\u6b78\u5c6c\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\uff0c\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8fa6\u30022005\u5e746\u67084\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[8]<\/a> 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