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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u8207\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u95dc\u9375\u5c31\u662f\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c07\u5206\u6790\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a\u5728<\/strong>1999<\/strong>\u5e74\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b<\/strong>29<\/strong>\u689d\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8236\u4f86\u610f\u7fa9\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f2001\u5e74\u5f8c\uff08\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u665a\uff09\u8b66\u65b9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u983b\u7e41\u5730\u900f\u904e\u8a98\u6355\u63f4\u4ea4\u8005\u5165\u7f6a\u4e26\u4e14\u5a92\u9ad4\u52a0\u4ee5\u5831\u5c0e\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u65e9\u671f\u5c0d\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a\u4ee5\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u7cfb\u300b\u3001\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u7cfb\u300b\u70ba\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

1998\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9ed1\u6cbc\u514b\u53f2\u7372\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c46\u96dc\u8a8c\u5831\u5c0e\u734e\u7684\u5f97\u734e\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u653e\u5b78\u5f8c\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u904a\u6232\u300b\u4e2d\u8b6f\u672c\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u548c\u6b21\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u96fb\u5f71\u300a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b24\u5c0f\u6642\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u57ce\u6b66\u53c3\u8207\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u65e5\u5287\u300a\u795e\u554a\uff01\u8acb\u591a\u7d66\u6211\u4e00\u9ede\u6642\u9593\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u54c8\u65e5\u98a8\u4e0b\u66f4\u559a\u8d77\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u9019\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u8207\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c1999\u5e747\u6708\u4e00\u540d\u672c\u5730\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c11\u5973\u81ea\u6211\u6558\u8ff0\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5979\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u770b\u904e\u9ed1\u6cbc\u514b\u53f2\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u770b\u904e\u65e5\u672c\u6539\u7de8\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u96fb\u8996\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u8a0a\u606f\u300d\uff08\u3008\u7db2\u8def\u65b0\u4eba\u985e\u3001\u4e0a\u7db2\u5c0b\u6c42\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u3009\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed1\u6cbc\u514b\u53f2\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u8207\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5f71\u8996\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u5206\u6c34\u5dba\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u6cbc\u514b\u53f2\u9019\u672c\u8b6f\u66f8\u7531\u7576\u6642\u8f14\u4ec1\u5927\u5b78\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\u6797\u6c34\u798f\u64b0\u5beb\u63a8\u85a6\u5e8f\u6587\u3008\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u501f\u93e1\u3009\uff0c\u6797\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u9019\u9805\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u3010\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u3011\u5df2\u6697\u5730\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5f9e\u96fb\u8996\u4e0a\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u6709\u8ce3\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u5167\u8863\u8932\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u70ba\uff01\u300d\uff08\u9801ii\uff09\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u9644\u9304\u3008\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3009\u7531\u672c\u5730\u5a92\u9ad4\u8a18\u8005\u9127\u81f3\u5091\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5236\u670d\u5e97\u300d\uff08\u966a\u9152\u5c0f\u59d0\u7a7f\u5236\u670d\u7684\u9152\u5e97\uff09\u3001\u300cpub\u88e1\u9762\u8ce3\u5167\u8932\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96fb\u8a71\u6027\u4ea4\u300d\u8207\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\uff1a\u300c\u3010\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u3011\u5236\u670d\u5e97\uff0c\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u65e5\u672c\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u300d\uff08\u9801229\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u6703\u628a\u300c\u5236\u670d\u5e97\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8ce3\u5167\u8932\u300d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u3002\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5728\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u6027\u5be6\u8e10\u6a21\u7cca\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u57281998\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u9084\u6c92\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u4eca\u65e5\u6211\u5011\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u542b\u610f\uff08\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\u300b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u5831\u300b\uff09\u8207\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u806f\u5408\u665a\u5831\u300b\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5169\u5927\u5831\u5f9e1996\u5e74\u8d77\u90fd\u96f6\u661f\u5831\u5c0e\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u5831\u5c0e\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd[1]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u76f4\u52301998\u5e74\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u628a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7576\u4f5c\u5916\u570b\uff08\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5831\u5c0e\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u65e5\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u6216\u8005\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e861999\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u672c\u5730\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u6642\u5831\u5c0e\u6240\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ecd\u5728\u6210\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9817\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa8\u9ede\u7279\u8272\u4f86\u8ac71999\u5e74\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7279\u8272\u3002\u7531\u90198\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u6b64\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u591a\u6a23\u800c\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cab\u7a7f\u9019\u4e9b\u591a\u6a23\u6e19\u6563\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u5247\u662f\u6c61\u540d\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u6216\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6c61\u540d\uff01<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u5c07\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u8996\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u8996\u70ba\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\uff08\u6797\u7167\u771f\uff0c\u3008\u65e5\u672c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u79fb\u690d\u53f0\u7063\uff1f\u3009\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u591a\u6578\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u7121\u95dc<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u9014\u5f91\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9b27\u5340\u642d\u8a15\uff08\u3008\u897f\u9580\u9b27\u5340\u6dea\u70ba\u5c11\u5973\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5927\u672c\u71df\u3009\uff09\u3002[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u6709\u6642\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u548c\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u591c\u60c5<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u6216\u89f8\u6cd5\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63d0\u9632\u4ed9\u4eba\u8df3\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\uff08\u3008\u901f\u98df\u611b\u60c5\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u7db2\u8def\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u679c\u771f\u5feb\u6613\u901a\uff1f\u3009\u3002\u3008\u4e00\u591c\u60c5 \u5fb5\u5f97\u706b\u8fa3\u8fa3\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u8cbc\u51fa\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u5ee3\u544a \u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u60c5\u5a66\u90fd\u5949\u966a\u3009\u3002\u738b\u4f0a\u857e\uff0c\u3008\u4e00\u591c\u60c5 \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3009\u3002\u5ed6\u654f\u5982\uff0c\u3008\u7db2\u8def\u60c5\u4eba\uff1a\u9047\u4e0a\u611b\u4f60\u537b\u4e0d\u898b\u9762\u7684\u3009\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u6709\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u548c\u9ed1\u9053\u5e6b\u6d3e\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u662f\u9ed1\u9053\u5e6b\u6d3e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u8ce3\u6deb\u3002\uff08\u3008\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613 \u9ed1\u5e6b\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u8f1f\u751f\u65b0\u96b1\u6182 \u5973\u7684\u5f9e\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b \u7537\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u5e6b\u6d3e \u8b66\u65b9\u67e5\u4e0d\u52dd\u67e5\u3009\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u6709\u6642\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u88ab\u8aaa\u6210\u662f\u8fa3\u59b9\u6587\u5316[3]<\/a><\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8207\u96db\u5993\u6709\u95dc\u3002\uff08\u6797\u7167\u771f\uff0c\u3008\u5f9e\u53f0\u7063\u8fa3\u59b9\u6587\u5316\u770b\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u6e38\u96e2\u8272\u60c5\u8207\u91d1\u9322\u9593\u3009\u3002\u3008\u4e8c\u540d\u88ab\u8b66\u67e5\u7372\u7684\u96db\u5993\uff0c\u96d6\u5e74\u50c5\u5341\u56db\u6b72\u3009\u3002\u3008\u9752\u6625\u5411\u300c\u9322\u300d\u770b \u8fa3\u59b9\u554f\u984c\u591a\u3009\u3002\u9678\u84c9\u4e4b\u3008\u8fa3\u59b9\u7576\u9053 \u8c48\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u60f9\u7684\u798d\uff1f\u3009\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u90e8\u4efd\u6709\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002\uff08\u4e0b\u8a73\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e03\u3001\u8b66\u65b9\u5c1a\u672a\u5c0d\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u63a1\u53d6\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4eba\u58eb\u5247\u547c\u7c72\u6709\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u57281999\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u5929\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u8b66\u65b9\u9996\u6b21\u5c07\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7d0d\u5165\u7db2\u8def\u6383\u9ec3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff08\u3008\u7db2\u8def\u6383\u9ec3 \u5168\u9762\u53d6\u7de0\u76dc\u7248\u3009\uff09\u3002\u63f4\u4ea4\u8005\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u65b0\u4e16\u7d00\u4f0a\u59cb\u8fce\u63a5\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c07\u662f\u7f6a\u72af\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516b\u30011999\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5831\u7d19\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u7565\u8a9e\u4ee3\u66ff\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u3002\uff08\u3008\u4e00\u591c\u60c5 \u5fb5\u5f97\u706b\u8fa3\u8fa3\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u8cbc\u51fa\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u5ee3\u544a \u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u60c5\u5a66\u90fd\u5949\u966a\u3009\u3002\u3008\u7db2\u8def\u63f4\u4ea4\u4fbf\u5229\u300c\u6027\u300d \u6377\u904b\u7a7f\u68ad\u5feb\u6d3b\u6797\u3009\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a8\u9ede\u662f1999\u5e74\u5169\u5927\u4e3b\u6d41\u5831\u7d19\u5c0d\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u5f15\u7528\u539f\u6587\u4f50\u8b49\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6a19\u660e\u51fa\u8655\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u9ede\u548c\u7b2c\u516b\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u7565\u52a0\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u7b2c\u516d\u9ede\uff08\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6703\u900f\u9732\u9019\u4e9b\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6027\u4ea4\u969b<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u7bc7\u5831\u5c0e\u8b1b\u5230\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u300c\u5979\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u300e\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u300f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u9084\u6703\u8cb7\u4e9b\u8863\u670d\u3001\u76ae\u5305\u9001\u7d66\u5979\u5011\u300d\uff08\u3008\u570b\u4e2d\u5973\u751f\u8e7a\u5bb6\u9760\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u6522\u9322\u7236\u6bcd\u75db\u5fc3\u3009\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u6642\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u628a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u5167\u5bb9\u8af8\u5982\u901b\u8857\u3001\u5403\u98ef\u3001\u804a\u5929\u7b49\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u548c\u5979\u5011\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u300e\u7238\u7238\u300f\u3001\u300e\u53d4\u53d4\u300f\u7d04\u6703\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u96f6\u7528\u9322\u6216\u540d\u724c\u79ae\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d04\u6703\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7433\u7405\u6eff\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u552e\u5167\u8863\u8932\u3001\u966a\u5ba2\u4eba\u804a\u5929\u3001\u5531\u5361\u62c9OK\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6027\u4ea4\u3001\u53e3\u4ea4\u7b49\u300d\uff08\u3008\u65b0\u805e\u5c0f\u6a94\u6848\uff1a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u3009\uff09\u3002\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e5f\u610f\u5916\u5730\u66fe\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u908a\u7de3\u65cf\u7fa4\u2500\u2500\u5916\u52de\u2500\u2500\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u3008\u5916\u52de\u6027\u4e8b\u77e5\u591a\u5c11 \u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e0d\u7a00\u5947\u3009\u9019\u7bc7\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u5c64\u9762\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a81\u986f\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u7b2c\u516b\u9ede\uff081999\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5831\u7d19\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u7565\u8a9e\u4ee3\u66ff\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u7565\u8a9e\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u5927\u773e\u5e38\u8b58<\/strong>\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a8\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff081999-2000\u5e74\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u500b\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u591a\u6a23\u800c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u6210\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u8f03\u70ba\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u57282001\u5e74\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e00\u8a5e\u610f\u7fa9\u958b\u59cb\u8da8\u5411\u5178\u578b\u5316\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u8ce3\u6deb\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c07\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u7576\u4f5c\u53f0\u7063\u81ea\u8d8a\u6230\u7f8e\u8ecd\u99d0\u53f0\u6642\u671f\u4fbf\u6709\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u5f37\u8abf\u63f4\u4ea4\u4e0d\u662f\u5a92\u9ad4\u88e1\u5178\u578b\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5973\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u5730\u6210\u5e74\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4ee5\u8089\u9ad4\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u4ea4\u63db\u9322\u8ca1\u6216\u7269\u8cea\u4eab\u6a02\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u842c\u4e16\u5fe0 25\uff0c57\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6574\u9ad4\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\u4e43\u662f2000-2001\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u65e5\u76ca\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u8b66\u65b9\u8a98\u6355\u63f4\u4ea4\u8005\u5165\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u570b\u5bb6\u66b4\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316<\/strong>\uff08\u4f55\u6625\u8564<\/strong>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u5247\u65b0\u805e\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u6b64\u8a5e\u8655\u65bc\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u548c\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u53f8\u6cd5\u8ffd\u67e5\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u65b0\u5947\u597d\u73a9\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u5438\u775b\u6548\u679c\u3002\u9019\u5247\u65b0\u805e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u547d\u540d\u80cc\u5f8c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u8457\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u4e4b\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u53d7\u2500\u2500\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u300d\u662f\u58de\u4e8b\u55ce\uff1f\u662f\u60e1\u884c\u55ce\uff1f\u986f\u7136\u5c31\u4e2d\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u300d\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u994b\u8d08\u3002\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u5247\u662f\u548c\u4ea4\u53cb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u5f80\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u79ae\u7269\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u6216\u994b\u8d08\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7565\u77e5\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\u59cb\u7d42\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u8207\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4ea4\u63db\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u7121\u8ad6\u5f9e\u5b57\u9762\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u5167\u6db5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\u4e00\u6642\u5f88\u96e3\u5c31\u88ab\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u6c61\u540d\u60e1\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6578\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u6f38\u6b21\u8b8a\u6210\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\u53d6\u7de0\uff08\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u66b4\u529b\uff09\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u5247\u4f7f\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u8207\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5148\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u3008\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3009[5]<\/strong><\/a>\u7684\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u65bc1995\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u96db\u5993\u7522\u696d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5404\u74b0\u7bc0\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f70\u5247\u548c\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u793e\u670d\u5718\u9ad4[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u6551\u63f4\u96db\u5993\u3001\u9632\u5236\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u71b1\u8aa0\u548c\u7267\u4e16\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6e38\u8aaa\u52d5\u54e1\u7d44\u7e54\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7a4d\u6975\u800c\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u898f\u5283\u5404\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u9593\u7acb\u6cd5\u66ff\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65b0\u6cbb\u7406\u578b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u860a\u542b\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u672c\u66f8\u5176\u4ed6\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7acb\u6cd5\u5718\u9ad4\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u7279\u5225\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u63d0\u5347\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u9632\u6cbb\u96db\u5993\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u9084\u5e0c\u671b\u505a\u5927\u9019\u500b\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9069\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6cd5\u6240\u80fd\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u5229\u76ca<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6642\u4fbf\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u300d[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5b9a\u671f\u91dd\u5c0d\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5c0d\u8a72\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u65bd\u884c\u72c0\u6cc1\u9032\u884c\u76e3\u7763\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u3001\u62dc\u6703\u8acb\u9858\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u5287\u3001\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5408\u4f5c\u76e3\u7763\u548c\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u63e1\u6709\u5229\u6642\u6a5f\u4fee\u6cd5\u5f37\u5316\u64f4\u5927\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u85c9\u6b64\u7a4d\u7d2f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5347\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5ea6\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5c31\u662f1999\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u672c\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u7981\u7d55\u8272\u60c5\u696d\u8005\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u4ee5\u514d\u5152\u5c11\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u666e\u53ca\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6d41\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u969b\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u900f\u904e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7acb\u59d4\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u8a0a\u606f\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5152\u5c11<\/strong>\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u9ad4\u7d0d\u5165\u5075\u8fa6\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6aa2\u8b66\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u990a\u6210\u5de1\u908f\u500b\u4eba\u7559\u8a00\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4ef6\u4e26\u4e0d\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e142000\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5c31\u7b97\u6293\u5230\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u8eab\u9ad4\u91d1\u9322\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u58eb\u6797\u5730\u9662\uff09\u6cd5\u5b98\u9084\u6703\u5224\u7121\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e26\u660e\u8aaa\u8655\u7f70\u5c0d\u8c61\u61c9\u662f\uff08\u4f7f\u4eba\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\uff09\u8001\u9d07\u6216\u5ad6\u5ba2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\uff08\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\uff09\u6027\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u689d\u4e0d\u5b9c\u64f4\u5f35\u89e3\u91cb\u30022001\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5404\u7d1a\u6aa2\u5bdf\u7f72\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u4e2d\u7d71\u4e00\u4e86\u53e3\u5f91\uff0c\u9069\u6cd5\u5c0d\u8c61\u78ba\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u500b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6b64\u689d\u4f8b\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5a3c\u5ad6\u7686\u7f70<\/strong>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u5206\u6210\u5e74\u5c11\u5e74\u3001\u7537\u5973\u5a3c\u5ad6\u7686\u7f70\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6709\u6548\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5152\u4fdd\u5718\u9ad4\u7acb\u6cd5\u6642\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u63aa\u65bd\u5c31\u8981\u767c\u63ee\u6975\u5927\u6548\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u63aa\u65bd\u5c31\u662f\u689d\u4f8b\u660e\u6587\u898f\u5b9a\u6aa2\u8b66\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u3008\u9632\u5236\u6bd2\u54c1\u5371\u5bb3\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5<\/a>\u3009\u898f\u5b9a\u67e5\u7372\u5927\u91cf\u6bd2\u54c1\u6216\u8005\u67e5\u7372\u6bd2\u54c1\u88fd\u9020\u5de5\u5ee0\u6216\u8005\u7ddd\u7372\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u5224\u86557\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u8005\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8a18\u529f\uff1b\u3008\u8b66\u5bdf\u6a5f\u95dc\u67e5\u8655\u9055\u53cd\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u6848\u4ef6\u734e\u61f2\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3009\u537b\u7279\u5225\u512a\u539a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u67e5\u7372\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4ef6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u529f\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u4e8c\u6b21\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u67e5\u7372\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8a0a\u606f\uff0829\u689d\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u67e5\u7372\u5f37\u8feb\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u6848\u4ef6\uff0823-27\u689d\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u540c\u7b49\u984d\u5ea6\u7684\u734e\u52f5\uff01\u6b0a\u8861\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e1\u8b66\u7576\u7136\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u8f15\u9b06\u5730\u5728\u986f\u793a\u5668\u524d\u9762\u5075\u770b\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f<\/strong>\u30022001\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u4ee5\u500d\u6578\u6fc0\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

29\u689d\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u8a0a\u606f\u5075\u8fa6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u9396\u5b9a\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc0\u63d0\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7db2\u8def\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u5341\u5206\u84ec\u52c3\uff0c\u533f\u540d\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u7db2\u53cb\u5728\u5404\u4ea4\u53cb\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216BBS\u7ad9\u7684\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u9080\u7d04\u7559\u8a00\u90fd\u8da8\u5411\u76f4\u767d\u9732\u9aa8\uff08\u3008\u4e00\u591c\u60c5 \u5fb5\u5f97\u706b\u8fa3\u8fa3 \u6709\u4eba\u8cbc\u51fa\u8272\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u5ee3\u544a \u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u60c5\u5a66\u90fd\u5949\u966a\u3009\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7576\u7136\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u7db2\u53cb\u7121\u804a\u60f3\u6349\u5f04\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5c0b\u627e\u6027\u4f34\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8108\u7d61\u88e1\u9817\u70ba\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u8207\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7d04\u6703\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u632b\u6298\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u90e8\u4efd\u7372\u5f97\u88dc\u511f[9]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u610f\u4ee5\u8eab\u9ad4\u4ea4\u63db\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6236\u4e5f\u85c9\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u806f\u7e6b\u4f86\u8df3\u904e\u7279\u7a2e\u884c\u696d\u7684\u4ef2\u4ecb\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u611f\u89ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b89\u5168\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u9bae\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4eba\u628a\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u5831\u511f\u76f4\u767d\u5730\u5beb\u5728\u6700\u524d\u982d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c21\u5316\u5354\u5546\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u5feb\u901f\u9054\u6210\u5354\u8b70\uff1b\u6027\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8df3\u904e\u4ee3\u50f9\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u5354\u5546\uff0c\u8da8\u5411\u76f4\u63a5\u800c\u4e7e\u8106\u7684\u4e00\u62cd\u800c\u6210\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ea4\u969b\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7af6\u722d\u773e\u591a\u800c\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u6d77\u88e1\u8e8d\u4e0a\u6d6a\u5c16\u88ab\u4eba\u8b80\u5230\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u722d\u5947\u9b25\u8277\u7684\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\u3001\u96d9\u95dc\u8a9e\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u8a71\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u7db2\u8def\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u9996\u8981\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u523b\u9032\u5165\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8a9e\u610f\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5b83\u537b\u6709\u8457\u6771\u6d0b\u7684\u6642\u9ae6\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u7121\u6027\u537b\u9059\u6307\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u90fd\u4ee5\u5b83\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u90fd\u85c9\u8457\u5b83\u65e2\u96b1\u5bc6\u4e5f\u516c\u958b\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u6b64\u8655\u6709\u6027\u8da3[10]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

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29<\/strong>\u689d\u4e43\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u300c\u6c11\u9593\u300d\uff08\u5373\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u5f37\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3001\u652f\u914d\u968e\u7d1a\uff09\u7684\u5171\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65e9\u671f\u6536\u7a6b\u6e05\u55ae\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5171\u6cbb\uff08\u6cbb\u7406\uff09\u662f\u7d30\u7dfb\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u64cd\u7e31\uff0c\u8b93\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u7518\u9858\u81ea\u6211\u9650\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e14\u81ea\u9cf4\u5f97\u610f[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\u6216\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u70ba\u4e9e\u6d32\u81ea\u7531\u71c8\u5854\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u7e3d\u662f\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u6574\u8085\u6e05\u6d17\u6392\u65a5\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4efd\u5b50\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5687\u963b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6548\u5c24\u8ddf\u96a8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/strong>\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4ea4\u969b\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u50f9\u503c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u52d5\u6416\u9ad4\u5236\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u9818\u57df\u7684\u773e\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u5c55\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u93ae\u58d3\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u5f8c\u671f\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5687\u963b\u6536\u6548\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6587\u660e\u9ad8\u7d20\u8cea\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u898f\u8a13\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u76e3\u7763\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u5a01\u8105\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\u2500\u2500<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u537b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u6253\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7531\u8b66\u5bdf\u628a\u4eba\u6293\u8d77\u4f86\u9001\u5230\u6cd5\u9662<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u56b4\u6253<\/strong>\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e43\u662f\u9762\u5c0d\u65b0\u8208\u7db2\u8def\u79d1\u6280\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4ea4\u969b\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u5718\u614c\u4e86\u624b\u8173\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u9867\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u5916\u8863\u599d\u9ede\u5730\u4e00\u9663\u56b4\u6253\uff0c\u8981\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b<\/strong>\u904f\u6b62\u6b6a\u98a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u8208\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u5927\u81f4\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u5728Berger & Luckmann\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6216\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6216\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u63a8\u624b\u4e43\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u76e3\u7763\u8207\u4fee\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9580\u8afe\u6703\u82b1\u84ee\u5584\u7267\u4e2d\u5fc32002\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u81ea\u8c6a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff08\u7de8\u8457\u8005\uff1a\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\uff09\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u53c3\u8207\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff08governance\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u9593\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c3\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u5305\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u4e2d\u6c11\u9593\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u8aee\u5546\u4e4b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3001\u5b98\u65b9\u767d\u624b\u5957\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u5be6\u8cea\u81ea\u6cbb\u6a5f\u69cb\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5a66\u5973\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u70ba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u92ea\u5e73\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\uff1a\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u826f\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u9700\u8981\u570b\u5bb6\u4fdd\u8b77\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u7dad\u8b77\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u8207\u504f\u5dee\u8b8a\u614b\u7684\u6027\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u5a66\u5e7c\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e95\u7dda[12]<\/a><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u51fa\u767c\u8d77\u8dd1\u7684\u5e95\u7dda<\/strong>\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u518d\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a71\u8a9e\u5c0e\u884d\u51fa\uff1a\u5152\u5c11\u7684\u7d14\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u98fd\u53d7\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u570b\u5bb6\u4fdd\u8b77\u2500\u2500\u751a\u81f3\u5371\u5bb3\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u6b0a\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u751f\u5b58\u5229\u76ca<\/strong>\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u76e3\u7763\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u57fa\u5c64\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u57f7\u6cd5\u614b\u5ea6\uff08\u8b66\u65b9\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6b64\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7a4d\u5206\u734e\u52f5\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u8207\u5347\u9077\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff09\uff1b\u751f\u5b58\u5229\u76ca\u5247\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u900f\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u91d1\u63f4[13]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u70ba\u65e5\u76ca\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u6027\u300d\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u5206\u4eab<\/strong>29<\/strong>\u689d\u82e6\u4e3b\u5011\u7e73\u7d0d\u7684\u7de9\u8d77\u8a34\u8655\u5206\u91d1\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u771f\u662f\u5403\u4e7e\u62b9\u76e1\uff0c\u5438\u8840\u98df\u9ad3\u3002<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u6cd5\u529f\u6210\u842c\u9aa8\u54ed\uff0c\u5728\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u77ed\u77ed\u6578\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u842c\u540d\u53d7\u96e3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u611b\u60c5\u3001\u89aa\u60c5\u3001\u5929\u771f\u3001\u540d\u8b7d\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u90fd\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0[14]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u6bba[15]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u53d7\u96e3\u8005\u7a76\u7adf\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u50b7\u5929\u5bb3\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u503c\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u88ab\u5c0d\u5f85\uff1f\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u88e1\u5c07\u5448\u73fe\u82e6\u4e3b\u5011\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u8a18\u9304\u8207\u63a7\u8a34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6649\u8eab\u4ee3\u50f9\u7684\u5a66\u5e7c\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u53f0\u7063\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7406\u770b\u4f86\u7406\u6027\u6eab\u60c5\u800c\u516c\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8a95\u751f\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6bdb\u5b54\u90fd\u6cbe\u6eff\u4e86\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u9bae\u8840<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08<\/strong>2001<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>2002<\/strong>\uff09\uff0d\uff0d\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u6aa2\u8209\u89f8\u72af\u5211\u6cd5<\/strong>235<\/strong>\u689d\u300c\u717d\u60d1\u4ed6\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u6215\u5bb3\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u60e1\u6cd5\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750\u8996\u3002\u5f9e\u63f4\u4ea4\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u898b\u5831\u76842000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u7a4d\u6975\u6536\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u65b0\u805e\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5efa\u8a2d\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7db2\u9801\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u6211\u5011\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u6587\u7ae0\u653e\u4e0a\u7db2\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u5c0d\u6297\u8ad6\u8ff0\u300d\ufe59counter discourse\ufe5a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u8ad6\u8ff0\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u53cd\u5efa\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64c5\u65bc\u805e\u8840\u5473\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u5f88\u9748\u654f\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u8ab0\u64cb\u5728\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a<\/strong>\u30022001\u5e7410\u6708\u8ca1\u5718\u6cd5\u4eba\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5728\u300c\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u7763\u5c0e\u6703\u5831\u300d\u7b2c\u4e5d\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u6aa2\u8209\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3010\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u932f\u540d\u7a31\u3011\u6240\u5c6c\u7db2\u7ad9\u767c\u8868\u9f13\u5439\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300d\uff0c\u89f8\u72af\u5211\u6cd5135\u689d\u717d\u60d1\u4ed6\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u5c0d\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8a73\u7d30\u7d93\u904e\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u8acb\u898b\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c2\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7565\u904e\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\u9593\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4eba\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u6b64\u6b21\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u4f48\u5c40\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.10.3<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u6642\u665a\u5831\u520a\u767b\u3008\u592e\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\u520a\u5947\u6587\u3009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.10.6<\/td>\n\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u8207\u9ec3\u5bcc\u6e90\u7b49\u4eba\u8ad6\u6230\u91e3\u9b5a\u8a98\u6355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.10<\/td>\n\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u65bc\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u6aa2\u8209\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7db2\u9801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.11.<\/td>\n8\u65e5\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u53bb\u51fd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff0c22\u65e5\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u53bb\u51fd\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.12<\/td>\n\u6821\u65b9\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u7db2\u9801\u88ab\u8feb\u6a19\u793a\u300c\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u52ff\u5165\u300d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001.12.9<\/td>\n\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u8fa6\u3008\u6383\u9ec3\u3001\u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u300c\u91e3\u9b5a\u300d\uff1a\u8b66\u6b0avs.\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u3009\u6279\u5224\u57f7\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u53f0\u9762\u4e0b\u3001\u5708\u5167\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u919e\u91c0\u904b\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002.5.8<\/td>\n\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300c\u5bc6<\/strong>\u300d\u51fd\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\uff08\u8b66\u544a\u6709\u89f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b78\u6821\u300c\u9032\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4e4b\u8655\u7406\u300d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002.5.22<\/td>\n\u6709\u4eba\u6d29\u5bc6<\/strong>\u7d66\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b\u96a8\u5373\u62ab\u9732\u6aa2\u8209\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u516c\u51fd\uff0c\u5404\u5bb6\u96fb\u8996\u64b2\u5929\u84cb\u5730\u7684\u5f37\u5316\u6c61\u540d\u6548\u61c9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002.5.24<\/td>\n\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5584\u7267\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7b49\u5718\u9ad4\u75db\u65a5\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u6559\u58de\u5c0f\u5b69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002.6<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u5927\u5c08\u6848\u5c0f\u7d44\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b78\u8853\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u8207\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u7db2\u7ad9\u5df2\u88ab\u8feb\u79fb\u51fa\u4e2d\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4ee5\u7db2\u7ad9\u88ab\u8feb\u79fb\u51fa\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u8853\u7db2\u8def\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u5169\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u5efa\u69cb\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u5efa\u69cb\u96e2\u4e0d\u958b\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d<\/strong>\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u8a00\u8ad6\u300d\u72af\u7981\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u9806\u4f4d\u59ff\u614b\u4f86\u93ae\u58d3\uff1a\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08\u5169\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff09\u4ee5\u5211\u6cd5\u91cd\u7f6a\u7684\u5a01\u5687\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5b78\u8853\u81ea\u4e3b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5411\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u65bd\u5c55\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u6cbb\u7406\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\uff09\u5247\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u934a\u689d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2192<\/strong>\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u7db2\u9801\u5167\u5bb9\u2192\u4fdd\u5b88\u6cbb\u7406\u5718\u9ad4\u6aa2\u8209\u7db2\u9801\u2192\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u767c\u52d5\u2192\uff08\u60dc\u672a\u9054\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\uff09\u2192\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2192\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cbb\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u6c7a\u8b70\u2192\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u767c\u52d5\u2192\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2192\u6d29\u5bc6\u7d66\u5a92\u9ad4<\/strong>\u2192\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6e32\u67d3\u6c61\u540d\u2192\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7fa4\u8d77\u4ee5\u8a18\u8005\u6703\u6279\u5224\u2192\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u300c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u300d\u3002\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff08\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u9ed1\u624b\uff09\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6b0a\u529b\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed1\u7bb1\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u9019\u4e9b\u6b0a\u529b\u7db2\u7d61\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u5982\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u2500\u2500\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u934a\u689d\u4e2d\u516c\u773e\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u90fd\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5247\u300c\u2192\u300d\u6240\u4e32\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6e96\u56e0\u679c\u934a\u689d\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6c61\u540d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4e8b\u51fa\u6709\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u56e0\u300d\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9996\u5148\u6709\u4e86\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5f7c\u6b64\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u56de\u5408\u88e1\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u7ad9\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u9a45\u9010\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\uff08\u7db2\u7d61\uff09\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u9ad4\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e3b\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u8b66\u65b9\u53d6\u7de0\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u865f\u53ec\u7db2\u6c11\u7fa4\u8d77\u62b5\u6297<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u53d6\u7de0\u63f4\u4ea4\u662f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u64cb\u4f4f\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u57fa\u5c64\u8b66\u54e1\u7684\u751f\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u64cb\u4f4f\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u524d\u9032\u6cbb\u7406\u9053\u8def\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7d50\u679c\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5728\u6253\u64ca\u4e86\u4e2d\u5927\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u5f8c\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u53ef\u8b02\u5fb9\u5e95\u78ba\u7acb\uff0c\u53d6\u7de0\u63f4\u4ea4\u66f4\u52a0\u96f7\u53b2\u98a8\u884c\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u53cd\u6027\u7522\u696d\u5247\u65e5\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\u978f\u56fa\u3002\u597d\u5728\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u548c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c31\u6b64\u9000\u7e2e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u65b7\u9023\u7d61\u5176\u4ed6\u62b5\u6297\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7121\u6578\u82e6\u4e3b\uff09\u767c\u52d5\u5ea7\u8ac7\u3001\u6297\u8b70\u3001\u6e38\u8aaa\u7b49\u7b49\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u60e1\u6cd5\u7684\u60e1\u5f62\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u773c\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u9801\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u65bc2001\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8b66\u65b9\u91e3\u9b5a\u8a98\u6355\u7684\u65b0\u9ad8\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u6587\u5b57\u5165\u7f6a\uff0c\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u9006\u52e2\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6aa2\u8209\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u722d\u596a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u6b0a\u7684\u540c\u6642\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\uff08\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff09\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u672c\u8cea\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6216\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u2500\u2500\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u9ebc\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u9014\u5f91\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u8003\u5bdf\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u63f4\u4ea4\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cd\u9ede\uff08\u7576\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u73fe\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u662f\u5c07\u4e4b\u5efa\u69cb\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u7126\u9ede\uff08\u6709\u300c\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff09\u8207\u5927\u773e\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u9ede\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u614c\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff08\u300c\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\uff09\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u4e0a<\/strong>\u4e4b\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97\u63f4\u4ea4\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u8001\u554f\u984c\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u70ba1999\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53d7\u5230\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u9084\u9700\u8981\u52fe\u806f\u5177\u6709\u300c\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u63f4\u4ea4\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u504f\u898b\u7684\u5834\u57df\u5167\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u53ea\u8981\u89c0\u5bdf\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8207\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76ee\u77ad\u7136\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e43\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8207\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u6691\u5047\u6253\u5de5\u9677\u9631\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u7537\u6027\u63f4\u4ea4\uff08\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u524d\u570b\u624b\uff09\u3001\u96d9B\u8eca\u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u80d6\u5973\u63f4\u4ea4\u3001\u54c8\u65e5\u6b6a\u98a8\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u55ae\u89aa\u6216\u554f\u984c\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4e2d\u8f1f\u751f\u3001\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u8cfa\u5b78\u8cbb\u3001\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6027\u63f4\u4ea4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8ce3\u9ede\u7684\u8073\u52d5\u65b0\u805e\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0f\u5e74\u9f61\uff0f\u968e\u7d1a\uff0f\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0f\u6027\uff08\u8eab\u9ad4\uff09\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u8ef8\u7dda\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u63f4\u4ea4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u805e\u8ce3\u9ede\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c07\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\u70ba\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u63f4\u4ea4\u8005\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u67e5\u7372\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u7375\u5947\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7db2\u8def\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u5f15\u767c\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u767c\u5c55\u521d\u671f\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u50cf\u80d6\u5973\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u300c\u6050\u9f8d\u300d\u6d41\u884c\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8207\u5973\u6027\u6e1b\u80a5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6709\u6240\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8207\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u7570\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7a2e\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u300c\u6e19\u6563\u7684<\/strong>\u300d\uff08diffused\uff09\u504f\u5dee\u5efa\u69cb\uff08construction of deviance\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u6027\u8cea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u96dc\u6e4a\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u51a0\u4e0a\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6e19\u6563\u5efa\u69cb\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5f88\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\uff0c\u63a5\u5408\u7684\u5927\u773e\u5a92\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u662f\u300c\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u4ea1\u570b\u8ad6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u5b78\u5973\u751f\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5167\u8863\u8932\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u53f0\u7063\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u6e19\u6563\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u52c9\u5f37\u6e4a\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u63f4\u4ea4\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6216\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u88ab\u7b49\u65bc\uff08\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\uff09\u8ce3\u6deb\u2500\u2500\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5247\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\u6839\u64da\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b29\u689d\u6240\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u57f7\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u8207\u8ce3\u6deb\u7b49\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6b78\u65bc\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u8ce3\u6deb\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8aaa\u7684\uff1f\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63f4\u4ea4\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u65e9\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8aaa\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u904e\uff1a1999\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u9084\u628a\u63f4\u4ea4\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u65e5\u672c\u7279\u6709\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70ba\u9ed1\u6cbc\u53f2\u514b\u7684\u300a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u5beb\u63a8\u85a6\u5e8f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u53f0\u7063\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1b\u800c\u66f8\u5beb\u6b64\u66f8\u9644\u9304\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u8a18\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u60f3\u8981\u628a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u73fe\u5be6\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u537b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u8272\u60c5\u5834\u6240\uff08\u9152\u5e97\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5973\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u65e5\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\uff09\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u4e0d\u751a\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8af8\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u7b49\u5a92\u4ecb\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u6216\u5340\u5206\u63f4\u4ea4\u6b64\u7a2e\u8ce3\u6deb\u8207\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u9152\u5e97\u8ce3\u6deb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5a92\u9ad4\u6240\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u8f5f\u52d5\u63f4\u4ea4\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u5ee3\u544a\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u88ab\u53d6\u7de0\u6216\u6293\u5230\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u90fd\u662f\u8b66\u65b9\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u8a98\u6355\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u8272\u60c5\u6216\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u7f6a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u70ba\u6cd5\u6e90\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4e0d\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u96e3\u4ee5\u6293\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u53ef\u7ba1<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\u537b\u53ef\u8352\u8b2c\u5730\u65bd\u7528\u65bc\u6210\u5e74\u7684<\/strong>\u63f4\u4ea4\u96d9\u65b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4f8b\u4f86\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u63f4\u4ea4\u884c\u70ba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63f4\u4ea4\u6240\u85c9\u52a9\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u61f2\u7f70\u63f4\u4ea4\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u61f2\u7f70\u90a3\u4e9b\u85c9\u52a9\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u884c\u70ba<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u7f6a\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u5c64\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5728\u770b\u5f85\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4e5f\u770b\u91cd\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8a71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u8a71\u8a9e\uff08\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff09\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5206\u5272\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u8996\u62b5\u6297\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u300c\u5c0d\u6297\u8a71\u8a9e\u6216\u8ad6\u8ff0\u300d<\/strong>\uff08counter-discourse\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u985b\u8986\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u7bc0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u8ad6\u8ff0<\/strong>\u3002\u9806\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7d2b\u85e4\u8207\u5348\u591c\u85cd\uff08\u5169\u8005\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u6216\u6e2f\u6df1\u7684\u7537\u5973\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d44\u7e54\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5c31\u662f\u63f4\u4ea4\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6bb5\u6240\u986f\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u5c0d\u65bc\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u64da\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e862001\u5e74\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a71\u8a9e\u9084\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7684\u300c\u6e19\u6563\u300d\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u7db2\u8def\u96fb\u5b50\u5831\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u8457\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u6700\u71b1\u9580\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6642\u770b\u5230\u7db2\u53cb\u61a4\u61a4\u4e0d\u5e73\u7684\u8868\u793a\u9047\u5230\u300c\u5047\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u5047\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u6709\u300c\u771f\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u56c9\uff1f\u90a3\u9ebc\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u771f\u63f4\u4ea4\u5462\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u2026<\/p>\n

\u2026\u770b\u770b\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f7f\u7528\u63f4\u4ea4\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u5047\u63f4\u4ea4\u4e86\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u662f\u505a\u8b77\u819a\u7684\u9084\u662f\u9152\u5e97\u5c0f\u59d0\u3002\u300d\u300c\u6211\u60f3\u63f4\u59b3\uff0c\u4e00\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u662f\u771f\u7684\u63f4\u59b9\u3002\u300d\u300c\u63f4\u5230\u8077\u696d\u7684\u5c31\u8667\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u300c\u771f\u4e0d\u8667\u662f\u63f4\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u6c34\u53c8\u5ae9\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u505a\u7684\u5c0f\u59d0\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e00\u822c\u7db2\u53cb\u8aaa\u7684\u597d\u50cf\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u7d20\u4eba\u517c\u5dee\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u8ddf\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u8d8a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8d8a\u71b1\u9b27\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6975\u5c11\u898b\u5230\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7248\u4e0a\u5728\u61f7\u7591\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u4e00\u8a5e\u7121\u908a\u7121\u969b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u5929\u751a\u81f3\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u7db2\u53cb\u5beb\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f34\u904a\u3001\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u7b97\u662f\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\u5f59\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u9019\u9ebc\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5347\u7d1a\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u5feb\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u5947\u8e5f\u4e4b\u4e00\u5427\u3002\uff082001\u5e748\u670827\u65e5\u300a\u79c1\u5831\u300b\u96fb\u5b50\u6587\u5b78\u9031\u520a\u767c\u884c\u4ebaDouble 12\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aba\u77e5\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u57282001\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff08\u5728\u8b66\u65b9\u96f7\u53b2\u98a8\u884c\u8a98\u6355\u63f4\u4ea4\u7db2\u6c11\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5341\u5206\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u771f\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u773c\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u539f\u672c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u6709\u8457\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u542b\u610f\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u55aa\u5931\u6216\u88ab\u7c21\u7d04\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff08Double 12\uff0c\u672c\u540d\u8463\u7c6c\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0\u672b\u63d0\u5230\u76842001\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u300b\u7684\u842c\u4e16\u5fe0\u4e5f\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4f01\u5716\u6297\u8b70\u88ab\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6b0a\u529b\u7a84\u5316\u6216\u6cdb\u5316\u70ba\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f2001\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u7db2\u8def\u8a98\u6355\u63f4\u4ea4\uff0c\u537b\u6162\u6162\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u6578\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u67e5\u7ddd\uff0c\u56e0\u63f4\u4ea4\u800c\u6d89\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u76f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u53ef\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u8b66\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u7b46\u9304\u3001\u79fb\u9001\u3001\u5075\u67e5\u5ead\u3001\u8d77\u8a34\u3001\u5ba3\u5224\u7b49\u6b0a\u529b\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u88ab\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u9ebc\u6e19\u6563\u591a\u7fa9<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u63f4\u4ea4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u63f4\u4ea4\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u300c\u9023\u5e36\u640d\u5bb3\u300d\uff08<\/strong>collateral damage<\/strong>\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u59822007\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7db2\u8def\u5fb5\u53cb\uff08\u6027\u4f34\u4fb6\uff09\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u7576\u4f5c\u6563\u4f48\u7325\u893b\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u3008\u5211\u6cd5\u3009235\u689d\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u4f46\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531[16]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u300c\u7d50\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002\u300c\u7d50\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff08freedom of association\uff09\u6216\u8005\u9023\u7d50\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u5f80\uff08\u4ea4\u969b\uff09\u300d\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u53d6\u7de0\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u5371\u53ca\u4ea4\u969b\u81ea\u7531<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u95dc\u65bc\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5efa\u69cb\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8a71\u8a9e\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\uff09\u5c0d\u65bc\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u6297\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u6578\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5c11\u6578\u5e7e\u7bc7\u5247\u662f\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\uff08\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u66f8\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u9ede\u540d\u8207\u5f15\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u9032\u884c\u6574\u9ad4\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong>\u516b\u3001\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u300c\u56b4\u6253\u300d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u8853\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u7b49\uff09\uff0f\u6b0a\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5a66\u5973\u5152\u7ae5\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u696d\u8005\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u677f\u4e3b\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u986f\u793a\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u8af8\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5340\u9694\uff08\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6642\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u53ef\u88ab\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u5206\u985e\u6216\u300c\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d<\/strong>\uff09\u3001\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u7576\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u8d77\u521d\u4e26\u975e\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u6642\u9ae6\u65b0\u5947\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u4e4b\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff1f<\/strong>\uff09\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\uff08\u7b49\u540c\u8ce3\u6deb\uff09\u3001\u6210\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u7126\u9ede\uff08\u88ab\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\uff09\u8207\u5927\u773e\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u9ede\uff08\u8996\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u614c\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7c21\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u5c0d\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5efa\u69cb\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u6297\u8ad6\u8ff0\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u6aa2\u8209\u6253\u58d3\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6aa2\u8209\u6253\u58d3\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u300c\u8840\u9945\u982d\u300d\u800c\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718[18]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u63f4\u4ea4\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u537b\u53c8\u8d85\u904e\uff08\u50cf\u65e5\u672c\u90a3\u6a23\uff09\u70ba\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\uff08\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718\uff09\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u5b98\u6c11\u806f\u624b\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u300c\u56b4\u6253\u300d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u60e1\u679c\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5b57\u7344<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8a00\u8ad6\u5167\u5bb9\u7acb\u5834<\/strong>\u800c\u5165\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8a00\u8ad6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u672c\u8eab<\/strong>\u89f8\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u51e1\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u63f4\u300d\u6216\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\u7b49\u7b49\u5373\u89f8\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u4e16\u6240\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u56b4\u9177\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff1a\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u654f\u611f\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u50c5\u63a1\u53d6\u5c4f\u853d\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u537b\u4ee5\u63f4\u4ea4\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u70ba\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u6293\u4eba\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7ba1\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\u7684\u60e1\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u300c\u4ea4\u969b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\u300d\uff08free association\uff09\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u4ea4\u969b<\/strong>\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u5708\u5b50\u5916\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u73fe\u4ee3\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4f86\u5230\uff0c\u4ea4\u969b\u8b8a\u5f97\u76ca\u767c\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7537\u5973\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u969b\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u662f\u5a66\u5973\u9054\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u969b\u5c0d\u61c9\u8457\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u820a\u6709\u8077\u696d\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u884c\u6703\uff09\u6216\u5404\u985e\u7d50\u793e\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4ea4\u969b\u76ca\u767c\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u300c\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316<\/strong>\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u969b\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u6216\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u539f\u672c\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u5236\u50cf\u533f\u540d\u6027\u611b\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\u6216\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u5f80\uff08intercourse\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u79c1\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u64f4\u6563\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\u5c31\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u652a\u64fe\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u7b49\u65e2\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u624b\u6a5f\u7b49\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u533f\u540d\u6027\u611b\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u533f\u540d\u6027\u611b\u7684\u518d\u73fe\u5247\u5f15\u767c\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u614c\u3002\u7576\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u770b\u4f3c\u7121\u6cd5\u61c9\u4ed8\u6642\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u5c31\u904a\u8aaa\u9a45\u52d5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ecb\u5165\u79c1\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u662f\u7ba1\u5236\u533f\u540d\u6027\u611b\u7684\u6700\u597d\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4ecb\u5165\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u56e0\u7c97\u7cd9\u7b28\u91cd\u800c\u640d\u5bb3\u6c11\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u63f4\u4ea4\u6587\u5b57\u7344\u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e2\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5f7c\u6642\u53f0\u7063\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u300c\uff08\u6027\u5225\uff09\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e4b\u5f8c\u66f4\u6df1\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cbb\u7406\u92ea\u5e73\u9053\u8def\uff08\u9019\u6709\u8457\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u8207\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5171\u6cbb\u7684\u80cc\u666f[19]<\/strong><\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6253\u58d3\u67d0\u985e\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5148\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u77e5\u9053\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8ad6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ce6\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff08\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u660e\u5316\u884c\u70ba\u50cf\u6392\u968a\u6216\u81ea\u767c\u79ae\u8c8c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5404\u985e\u6253\u58d3\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u5316\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u8b93\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u807d\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u7f6a\u5211\u5316\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u5de7\u5999\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7d30\u7dfb\u6709\u4e9b\u7c97\u66b4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7de9\u9032\u6709\u4e9b\u6025\u8e81\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6b98\u9177\u56b4\u6253\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u9053\u6eab\u548c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u591a\u6578\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u4e9b\u5716\u5229\u5c11\u6578\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u525b\u5f62\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u79c1\u5bc6\u5bb6\u5167\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u6253\u5b57\u6216\u8cbc\u5716\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u96a8\u5df1\u610f\u3001\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u6562\u4e82\u8aaa\u4e82\u52d5\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7d04\u675f\uff1f\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u56b4\u6253\u5165\u7f6a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5927\u5e45\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5831\u5c0e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50c5\u50c5\u5728\u96fb\u8166\u9375\u76e4\u4e0a\u6253\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u5167\u5bb9\u4e26\u975e\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u6050\u614c\u4e4b\u8b20\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u300c\u60f3\u63f4\u4ea4\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e16\u6240\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u6b98\u9177\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u56b4\u6253\u4e0d\u4f46\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u53c3\u8207\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5718\u9ad4\u98db\u9ec3\u9a30\u9054\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u8cbb\u4e0a\u5104\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718\uff0c\u66f4\u9020\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u88ab\u5165\u7f6a\u3001\u6709\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4e86\u6182\u9b31\u75c7\u3001\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u7cfe\u7d1b\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u6253\u64ca\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e16\u754c\u7522\u751f\u524d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u9663\u75db\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u4ecd\u820a\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u898f\u7ba1\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u898f\u7ba1\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9084\u6703\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7570\u8b70\u8005\u88ab\u72a7\u7272\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u58d3\u5236\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u570b\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u8005\u2500\u2500\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u7d71\u7368\u7acb\u5834\u800c\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u900f\u904e\u548c\u5927\u9678\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f03[20]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f86\u611f\u89ba\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u5c0f\u78ba\u5e78\uff0c\u5728\u7fd2\u6163\u4e14\u81ea\u6eff\u65bc\u73fe\u72c0\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u898f\u7ba1\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e4b\u524d\u72a7\u7272\u8005\u5247\u6216\u7121\u77e5\u6216\u907a\u5fd8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u53f0\u7063\u5831\u7d19\u66fe\u57281996\u5e74\u4fbf\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u5fa1\u5b85\u65cf\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u52302005\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u751a\u81f32007\u5e74\u624d\u5f15\u8d77\u53f0\u7063\u4e3b\u6d41\u5c0d\u5fa1\u5b85\u65cf\u7684\u666e\u904d\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u57282005\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5a92\u9ad4\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u69cb\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u5730\u7684\u300c\u5fa1\u5b85\u65cf\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u6839\u64da\u8b66\u65b9\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u7576\u6642\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u5730\u9ede\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u897f\u9580\u753a\u7684\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u6377\u904b\u897f\u9580\u7ad9\u516d\u865f\u51fa\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u6839\u64daTVBS\u65b0\u805e\uff0c2006\u5e748\u6708\u897f\u9580\u6377\u904b\u7ad96\u865f\u51fa\u53e3\u6a39\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u7981\u6b62\u99d0\u7559\u300d\u7684\u544a\u793a\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u8005\u7f701500\u5143\uff0c\u53cd\u5236\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u7528\u610f\u751a\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u95dc\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8fa3\u59b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u770b\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u8207\u6211\u7684\u5169\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u752f\u61c9\u658c\u300a\u6027\u7121\u9808\u9053\u5fb7\u300b326-333\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u672c\u7bc0\u7531\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u57f7\u7b46\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66fe\u6539\u540d\u3008\u96db\u5993\u9632\u6cbb\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u8b80\u901a\u904e\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u65e5\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u540d\u70ba\u3008\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6cd5\u689d\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u300c\u9632\u5236\u300d\u6216\u662f\u300c\u9632\u6cbb\u300d\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6216\u662f\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5340\u5206\u754c\u9650\u3002\u4f46\u89c0\u5bdf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u300c\u9632\u6cbb\u300d\u591a\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u751f\u7269\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u9632\u5236\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5171\u67094\u689d\u9632\u5236\u6cd5\uff0c3\u689d\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76f8\u95dc\u6bd2\u54c1\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5152\u5c11\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u3001\u6d17\u9322\u3001\u83f8\u5bb3\u3001\u7a7a\u6c61\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u300c\u9632\u5236\u300d\u5728\u4f4d\u968e\u4e0a\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u8981\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5305\u62ec\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u5f69\u8679\u5a66\u5973\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u4e16\u754c\u5c55\u671b\u6703\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9580\u8afe\u6703\u82b1\u84ee\u5584\u7267\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u53f0\u5317\u5bb6\u6276\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u6276\u4e2d\u5fc3\u524d\u8eab\u662f1938\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u6559\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5152\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c1951\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5152\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1964\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5168\u7701\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5bb6\u6276\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u53f0\u7063\u5152\u7ae5\u66a8\u5bb6\u5ead\u6276\u52a9\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u8a72\u6703\u7db2\u9801\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e00\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u524d\u92d2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u8015\u8018\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u6b63\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c3\u689d\uff0c\u300c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u61c9\u65bc\u672c\u689d\u4f8b\u65bd\u884c\u5f8c\u516d\u500b\u6708\u5167\u6703\u540c\u524d\u9805\u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u6210\u7acb\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u4e4b\u7763\u5c0e\u6703\u5831\u300d\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u516c\u4f48\u4e26\u6aa2\u8a0e\u65bd\u884c\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6709\u6cd5\u6e90\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\u7684\u610f\u898b\u80fd\u5920\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\u4e26\u76f4\u9054\u5929\u807d\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\u66fe\u7d93\u8a2a\u554f\u904e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f9e\u4e8b\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u8fa3\u59b9\uff0c\u8fa3\u59b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u9019\u6b21\u7d04\u6703\u54c1\u8cea\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u90fd\u6703\u4e8b\u5148\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u65b9\u9001\u5979\u8863\u670d\u978b\u5b50\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u4f73\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u88dc\u511f\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u52a9\u7406\u6797\u6021\u9756\u6536\u96c6\u5f9e2000\u5e74\u52302009\u5e74\u56db\u5927\u5e73\u9762\u5a92\u9ad4\u6709\u95dc\u5152\u5c1129\u689d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u65b0\u805e737\u4ef6\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u63f4\u4ea4\u8a0a\u606f\u548c\u5075\u8fa6\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8b1d\u5979\u7684\u8f9b\u82e6\u548c\u7528\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u81ea\u9cf4\u5f97\u610f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5f9e\u51b7\u6230\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u81e3\u5c6c\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5c01\u9396\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7b2c\u4e00\u5cf6\u93c8\u6230\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u8207\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8cea\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u958b\u59cb\u900f\u904e\u8207\u5927\u9678\u9019\u500b\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4f86\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u8b58\u8207\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u9cf4\u5f97\u610f\u6216\u81ea\u6eff\u3002<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u591a\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u5a62\u59be\u8207\u6279\u5224\u4e3b\u6d41\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u3008\u770b\uff0f\u4e0d\u898b\u758a\u5f71\uff1a\u5bb6\u52d9\u8207\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5a62\u59be\u8eab\u5f71\u3009\uff1b\u201cImagined Concubinage\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u201cWife-in-Monogamy and \u2018The Exaltation of the Concubine\u2019\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u7684\u3008\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d50\uff1a\u968e\u5e8f\u521d\u63a2\u3009\u3002<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u52f5\u99a8\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f9e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u6578\u767e\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u52302000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6fc0\u589e\u52302\u5104\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u76845\u5104\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u4f86\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5f9e\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u885b\u798f\u90e8\u7b49\u4e2d\u592e\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5230\u5404\u7e23\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5c40\u7b49\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u5916\u5305\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u4f01\u5283\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u6216\u59d4\u8a17\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u71df\u4e2d\u9014\u4e2d\u8f1f\u5e87\u8b77\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u4f55\u6625\u8564\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u66fe\u820740\u9918\u540d\u53d7\u96e3\u8005\u63a5\u89f8\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8840\u6dda\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u6c57\uff08\u6f58\u4e16\u65b0\uff09\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u96c5\u864e\u300c\u5152\u798f\u6cd529\u689d\u7814\u7a76\u6703\u300d\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e5f\u6709\u751a\u591a\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u8207\u81ea\u8ff0\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u6775\uff08\u7b46\u540d\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u662f29\u689d\u53d7\u96e3\u8005\u5bb6\u5c6c\uff0c\u5176\u500b\u4eba\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u4e5f\u6709\u53d7\u96e3\u7db2\u53cb\u81ea\u8ff0\u3002\u6848\u4ef6\u5be6\u9304\u9078\u520a\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u3008\u63f4\u4ea4\u88ab\u91e3 \u4e0a\u5c09\u71d2\u70ad\u81ea\u6bba\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5831\uff0c2004\u5e749\u670820\u65e5\u3002\u6881\u7389\u82b3\uff0c\u3008\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ecd\u5b98\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3009\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5831\uff0c2004\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u7db2\u8def\u6587\u5b57\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6b67\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\u3001\u5fb5\u5a5a\u5ee3\u544a\u3001\u5fb5\u6c42\u5305\u990a\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u4ea4\u969b\u3001\u65b0\u5e74\u9858\u671b\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6709\u8ab0\u80fd\u65b7\u5b9a\u9019\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\uff1f\u6a19\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u9858\u505a\u4f60\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5247\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u5e7c\u7a1a\u7684\u610f\u6c23\u7528\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u719f\u7684\u9762\u5c0d\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u559c\u6b61\u88ab\u4f60\u75bc\u611b\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u6210\u529f\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u6ecb\u990a\u6211\uff0c\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u6177\u6168\u548c\u5927\u65b9\u4f86\u5bf5\u611b\u6211\u3002\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u4e16\u754c \u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\uff1b\u5690\u904ehigh-level\uff08\u9ad8\u6a94\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u56de\u4e0d\u53bb\u5f9e\u524d\u3002\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u662f\u8981\u9760\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u8c62\u990a\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u69ae\u662f\u8981\u9760\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f6028\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8acb\u5148\u5beb\u4fe1\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u8b1d\u8b1d\u3002\u300d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f2001\u5e74\u67d0\u4eba\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u7247\u6a94\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6587\u5b57\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u6a23\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ad6\u52d5\u6a5f\u800c\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u5165\u7f6a\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6709\u8457\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\uff0c\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u4e0d\u50cf\u300c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u8ce3\u6deb\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u300c\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u8cb7\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u8ce3\u65b9\uff1b\u300c\u6211\u8981\u63f4\u4ea4\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5ad6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5a3c\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u66d6\u6627\u8aed\u793a\u4e86\u5169\u65b9\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u61f2\u7f70\u63f4\u4ea4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e2\u7f70\u5ad6\u53c8\u7f70\u5a3c\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u6cd5\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u6cbe\u8457\u528a\u5b50\u624b\u65ac\u9996\u5f8c\u4e4b\u4eba\u8840\u7684\u9945\u982d\uff08\u50b3\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbb\u75c5\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u8b02\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4f86\u5716\u5229\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u752f\u61c9\u658c\uff0c\u3008\u7c21\u8ff0\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u601d\u8def\u4e4b\u6d3e\u5225\u8207\u8b8a\u5316\u3009\uff08\u5c1a\u672a\u767c\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u5927\u9678\uff0f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u5247\u5efa\u69cb\u5169\u500b\u9810\u5148\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7a7a\u6d1e\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5404\u985e\u9f90\u96dc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u800c\u5927\u9678\uff0f\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u5247\u4e5f\u9810\u5148\u88ab\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6240\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u898f\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u5247\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8cea\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u6c11\u78ba\u5be6\u4eab\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u7db2\u8def\u5c0d\u63f4\u4ea4\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u4e43\u662f\u56b4\u9177\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7344\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5927\u9678\u50c5\u50c5\u5c4f\u853d\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u66f4\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Berger Peter L. and Thomas Luckmann.\u00a0 The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge<\/em>. New York: Penguin, 1966.<\/p>\n

Ding, Naifei. “Imagined Concubinage.” \u00a0Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique<\/em> 18.2 (2010): 321-349<\/p>\n

Ding, Naifei. “Wife-in-Monogamy and \u2018The Exaltation of the Concubine\u2019.” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies<\/em>\u00a09.2 (2007): 219-267.<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u3002\u3008\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d50\uff1a\u968e\u5e8f\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u6027\u904b\u6f14\u8b1b\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff0c\u9801231-264\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u4e43\u975e\u3002\u3008\u770b\uff0f\u4e0d\u898b\u758a\u5f71\uff1a\u5bb6\u52d9\u8207\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5a62\u59be\u8eab\u5f71\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u7b2c48\u671f\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u9801135-168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u738b\u4f0a\u857e\u3002\u3008\u4e00\u591c\u60c5 \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u300b1999\u5e748\u670817\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6625\u8564\uff0c\u3008\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u6383\u9ec3\u5ee2\u5a3c\u00a0\uff1a\u5f9e\u7814\u7a76\u5021\u5993\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u5a3c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u6625\u8564\u7de8\uff0c\u4e2d\u58e2\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u6027\uff0f\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c2003\u3002iii-xiii\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5152\u5c11\u689d\u4f8b\u76e3\u7763\u806f\u76df\uff08\u7de8\u8457\uff09\u3002\u300a\u53f0\u7063NGO\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u300c\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u904e\u7a0b\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u52f5\u99a8\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u7ae5\u5993\u5354\u6703\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u6551\u63f4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9580\u8afe\u6703\u82b1\u84ee\u5584\u7267\u4e2d\u5fc3\u806f\u5408\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2002\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5085\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault\uff09\u3002\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3\u760b\u72c2\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u5fd7\u660e\u8b6f\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6642\u5831\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u3002<\/p>\n

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