許多中國人愛用俗語、成語、俚語。由於中美兩國文化、風俗、思想、習慣的差異,如果照字直譯,或把單字「堆在一起」,老外聽了,也許就會「滿頭霧水」、「迷迷糊糊」,成了他們所說的「只有你們中國人聽得懂」的「中國英文」(Chinese
English)。
在此,把一些常見的中文俗語與一般老外的說法相對比較,或許可供有興趣的讀者參考。
1.
人山人海:有人直譯為:People
mountain people sea.
這就是「中國英文」,老外很難理解。他們指「人多」時,通常只說:「There
is a large crowd of people.」如果看到電影院門前大排長龍,也只說:「There
is (was) a long line.」不過在詩詞用語
(poetic expression) 裏,老外也有使用:「a (the) sea of faces」,頗有咱們「人山人海」的味道。
例如:
Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching
speech.(望著一片人山人海的聽眾,
A先生發表一篇動人的演說。)Standing
at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at
him.(柯林頓總統站在講臺上看到人山人海的人群揮手向他致意。)可見,說話者通常要在臺上或高處,才有「人海」的感覺。因此,可以說:I
saw a sea of faces from the top of the building. 但在平地的人群中,就不說:「I saw the sea of faces.」也不說:「There
is a sea of faces.」只說:「I saw
a large crowd of people.」
2.
家家有本難唸的經:有人譯成:Every
family cooking-pot has a black
spot. (意思是:每個家庭的鍋子都有黑色的污點)
這樣說法,老外恐怕不能充分瞭解。不過老外最常的說法是:
Many families have
skeletons in their closets.
(許多家庭的衣櫃裏都有骨骸,骨骸就是指家醜),或者說: Every
family has its own source of shame. (每個家庭都有自己的醜事)說白些,就是: Every family has its own problem.
3.
天下無不散的宴席:有人直譯為:There
are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
老外聽後,也許很難體會其中意義。如果按照美語說法,也許更易理解:
All good things come to
an end. (意思是:所有好的事情,總有結束的一天。)假如是指好友最後也有分別的一天,那麼可以說:
Eventually, all bosom
friends will drift apart.
(bosom friend 是指知心的好友)
4.
平時不燒香,臨時抱佛腳:有人照字直譯為:When
times are easy, we do not burn the incense, but when the
trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the Buddha.
這種說法,老外也會「一知半解」。美語裏一般說法是:
Worship God every day,
not just in times of adversity. (要每天敬拜神,不是隻在困難時。)對學生也可以說:If
you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功,考試就不會形成壓力。)
5.
掛羊頭,賣狗肉:有人照字直譯為:He
advertises mutton, but sells dog's flesh. 或
He hangs up a sheep's head at the shop front and sells dog
meat.
這兩種譯法,恐怕老外都難理解,尤其談到「狗肉」,他們更會「反感」,因為狗是他們最愛的寵物,不過老外倒有相近的說法:
He applied bait-and-switch tactics in business.
(他經商的策略是先引誘顧客來,再改變貨物的品質。) (Bait-and-tch 當名詞用)
(也可不用連字型大小)
This store uses bait and switch policy.或者簡單的說:
Let the buyer be aware! (讓消費者提高警覺)
; 或
Say
one thing and do another.
6.
一言既出,駟馬難追:有人譯成:One
word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it. 或
A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four
galloping horses.
這兩種說法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法:
A word once let go cannot be recalled.或者說: You can
not take back what you have said. (你說出的話,就不能再收回來。)
7.
禍從口出,言多必失:有人譯為:The
mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.
老外聽了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好說成:
Careless talk leads to
trouble. (不小心說話,會帶來麻煩);
或 The
less said, the better.
(說的愈少愈好)甚至也可以說: Shut
the mouth and open
the eyes. (閉嘴少說,張眼多看。)
Silence is golden.
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