\u674e\u9280\u6cb3<\/p>\n
\u8cc0\u856dGail B. Hershatter\u7684\u300a\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u6109\u6085\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u8a72\u66f8\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u7576\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u734e\u9805\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u7d55\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6027\u5225\u7814\u7a76(\u5a66\u5973\u7814\u7a76)\u548c\u6f22\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u9084\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u9019\u4f4d\u9020\u8a63\u9817\u6df1\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u66f8\u9f4b\u88e1\u7684\u7d14\u5b78\u8853\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u89f8\u53ca\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u654f\u611f\u8a71\u984c\uff1a\u8ce3\u6deb\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u90e8\u7d14\u5b78\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6f22\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5ee3\u5927\u95dc\u6ce8\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u8ce3\u6deb\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u64da\u610f\u5927\u5229\u65c5\u904a\u5bb6\u99ac\u53ef\u6ce2\u7f85\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f86\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u670920000\u540d\u5993\u5973\u3002\u6eff\u6e05\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u5f8c\u7684\u6c11\u570b\u521d\u5e74\uff0c\u5a3c\u5993\u696d\u6bd4\u6e05\u671d\u6642\u767c\u9054\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u6700\u76db\u6642\u76841917\u5e74\uff0c\u50c5\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u5730\u8a3b\u518a\u5993\u9662\u5c31\u6709391\u5bb6\uff0c\u5993\u5973\u70ba3500\u4eba\uff0c\u79c1\u5a3c\u4e0d\u4e0b7000\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5993\u9662\u5927\u591a\u9664\u6027\u617e\u6eff\u8db3\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f8e\u98df\u98f2\u6599\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u821e\u8e48\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u65e2\u6709\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53c8\u540c\u6b50\u6d32\u820a\u5f0f\u7684\u5993\u9662\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u570b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u6d3b\u52d5\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u3002\u64da1946\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u6709\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u5168\u5e02\u5a3c\u5993\u6709\u5341\u591a\u7a2e\u540d\u76ee\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u5a66\u5973\u7d04\u5341\u842c\u4e4b\u773e\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u8cc0\u856d\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57281949\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u52308\u5468\u7684\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5c31\u67e5\u5c01\u4e86224\u6240\u5993\u9662\uff0c\u62d8\u6355\u4e861286\u540d\u5993\u5973\u548c424\u500b\u5993\u9662\u8001\u95c6\u3001\u76ae\u689d\u5ba2\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u57281949\uff5e1955 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u4e865333\u540d\u5993\u5973\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u4ee5\u6cbb\u5b89\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u7406\u7531\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5993\u5973\u5011\u88ab\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5224\u5211\u670d\u5211\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8a2d\u7acb\u95dc\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8cc0\u856d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ce3\u6deb\u73fe\u50cf\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u6b7b\u7070\u5fa9\u71c3\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6975\u70ba\u8fc5\u731b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u64da\u5c08\u5bb6\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u570b\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5546\u696d\u5316\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7d04\u70ba400\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u554f\u984c\u53c8\u5f9e\u8cc0\u856d\u6240\u8457\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\u91cd\u65b0\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u8ce3\u6deb\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u6709\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ce3\u6deb\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u975e\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7f6e\u8ce3\u6deb\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u8ce3\u6deb\u975e\u6cd5\u5316\uff1b\u8ce3\u6deb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff1b\u8ce3\u6deb\u975e\u7f6a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\u662f\u8996\u8ce3\u6deb\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u5340\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u898f\u5b9a\u8ce3\u6deb\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8b66\u65b9\u5c0d\u8ce3\u6deb\u884c\u70ba\u5f80\u5f80\u63a1\u53d6\u773c\u958b\u773c\u9589\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u56b4\u683c\u57f7\u884c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u5c0d\u6b64\u505a\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u8655\u7f70\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u570b\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u53d6\u7de0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ce3\u6deb\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\u4e3b\u5f35\u4f7f\u8ce3\u6deb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u4f7f\u7537\u5973\u96d9\u65b9\u81ea\u9858\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u6709\u7121\u5831\u916c\u3002\u8ce3\u6deb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u8655\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u5993\u5973\u5fb5\u7a05\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5993\u5973\u548c\u5ad6\u5ba2\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5b89\u5168\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u5993\u5973\u64fa\u812b\u525d\u524a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6deb\u5a92\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5c\u6cd5\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u8f15\u6cbb\u5b89\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5993\u5973\u8f03\u5c11\u906d\u53d7\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4fb5\u64fe\uff1b\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\u548c\u76e4\u525d\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u5c0b\u6c42\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f35\u628a\u8ce3\u6deb\u696d\u8207\u8ce3\u9152\u696d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ce3\u9152\u696d\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u91cd\u7a05\uff0c\u5c0d\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3001\u9867\u5ba2\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u6301\u7167\u4eba\u8cc7\u683c\u90fd\u6709\u5c08\u9580\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u63a1\u7528\u5993\u5973\u8a3b\u518a\u9818\u57f7\u7167\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u8a2d\u7d05\u71c8\u5340\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u82f1\u570b\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u745e\u5178\u3001\u8377\u862d\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u548c\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u3001\u6f22\u5821\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u5982\u679c\u8ce3\u6deb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5993\u5973\u6703\u5927\u91cf\u7522\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8ce3\u6deb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e26\u672a\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n
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