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d6\u672a\u9732\u51fa\u4e73\u90e8\u3001\u81c0\u90e8\u6216\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u800c\u59ff\u614b\u6deb\u8569\u8005\u3002\u620a\u3001\u96d6\u6d89\u53ca\u91ab\u85e5\u3001\u885b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u4f46\u5c0d\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u904e\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u4fc2\u5c31\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u8a18\u8f09\u5167\u5bb9\u89f8\u72af\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u7325\u893b\u7f6a\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\u4e4b\u7981\u6b62\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u61c9\u4f9d\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u689d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u689d\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\u53ca\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u689d\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u7b2c\u56db\u6b3e\u8655\u7f70\u6240\u70ba\u4f8b\u793a\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u9644\u6709\u8db3\u4ee5\u8a98\u767c\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u523b\u610f\u66b4\u9732\u3001\u904e\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b49\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u6027\u617e\u7b49\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u975e\u55ae\u7d14\u520a\u767b\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u756b\u5373\u5c6c\u76f8\u7576\uff0c\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u8a8d\u5b9a\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\u6709\u95dc\u5211\u6cd5\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\u7f6a\u4e2d\u4e4b\u7325\u893b\u7f6a\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u51fd\u91cb\u672c\u8eab\u672a\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u589e\u52a0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u672a\u898f\u5b9a\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c1a\u7121\u7274\u89f8\u3002\u53c8\u6709\u95dc\u98a8\u5316\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e38\u96a8\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u98a8\u4fd7\u8b8a\u7570\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u6240\u70ba\u91cb\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u61c9\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0a\u91cd\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u8a00\u8ad6\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u672c\u65e8\uff0c\u517c\u9867\u5584\u826f\u98a8\u4fd7\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u6aa2\u8a0e\u6539\u9032\u3002\u884c\u653f\u7f70\u8207\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5211\u4e8b\u5224\u6c7a\u8207\u884c\u653f\u8655\u7f70\u539f\u53ef\u5404\u81ea\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u8a18\u8f09\u4e4b\u5716\u6587\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u9054\u7325\u893b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u65bc\u5be9\u5224\u6642\u61c9\u5c31\u5177\u9ad4\u6848\u60c5\uff0c\u4f9d\u5176\u7368\u7acb\u78ba\u4fe1\u4e4b\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u51fd\u91cb\u4e4b\u62d8\u675f\u3002\u672c\u4ef6\u50c5\u5c31\u884c\u653f\u9662\u65b0\u805e\u5c40\u524d\u958b\u51fd\u91cb\u800c\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4f75\u6b64\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6703\u8b70\u4e3b \u5e2d \u65bd\u555f\u63da<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98 \u7fc1\u5cb3\u751f \u5289\u9435\u931a \u5433 \u5e9a \u738b\u548c\u96c4 \u738b\u6fa4\u9451 \u6797\u6c38\u8b00 \u6797\u570b\u8ce2 \u65bd\u6587\u68ee \u57ce\u4ef2\u6a21 \u5b6b\u68ee\u7131 \u9673\u8a08\u7537 \u66fe\u83ef\u677e \u8463\u7fd4\u98db \u694a\u6167\u82f1 \u6234\u6771\u96c4 \u8607\u4fca\u96c4<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u5354 \u540c \u610f \u898b \u66f8<\/strong> <strong>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98 \u5433 \u5e9a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u8a00\u8ad6\u3001\u8b1b\u5b78\u3001\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u7d71\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5141\u8a31\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u958b\u767c\u8868\u8a00\u8ad6\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u9054\u5176\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4e43\u793e\u6703\u6587\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u9589\u9396\u843d\u5f8c\u4e4b\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u4ea6\u552f\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u5404\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u5b78\u8aaa\u6216\u7406\u60f3\u59cb\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5546\u54c1\u4e4b\u53d7\u5e02\u5834\u6cd5\u5247\u652f\u914d\uff08\u8a3b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u516c\u773e\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5224\u65b7\u8207\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53bb\u856a\u5b58\u83c1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u5176\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u5373\u690d\u57fa\u65bc\u6b64\u3002\u53c8\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u5b58\u7e8c\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u8cf4\u65bc\u7d44\u6210\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u4e00\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u7947\u6709\u65bc\u5c0a\u91cd\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u57f9\u990a\u5176\u7406\u6027\u53ca\u6210\u719f\u4e4b\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u514d\u906d\u6559\u689d\u5f0f\u6216\u58d3\u6291\u5f0f\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e4b\u704c\u8f38\uff0c\u81f4\u6210\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u55ae\u9762\u5411\u4eba(one-dimensional man 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right to receive )\uff0c\u5fa9\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7121\u6240\u65c1\u8cb8\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u82e5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8b\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e4b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u552f\u6709\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u559c\u597d\u6216\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u767c\u8868\u6216\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u5176\u5c6c\u9055\u53cd\u4e0a\u958b\u61b2\u6cd5\u610f\u65e8\uff0c\u61c9\u4e88\u7981\u7d55\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5be6\u6bcb\u9808\u8fad\u8cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5236\u61b2\u5148\u8ce2\u5c0d\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u8f03\uff0c\u6709\u904e\u4e4b\u800c\u7121\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u5373\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u63ed\u793a\uff1a \u570b\u6703\u4e0d\u5f97\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u525d\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u53ca\u65b0\u805e\u81ea\u7531(Congress shall make no law abridging freedom of speech, or of the press)\u3002\u5f7c\u90a6\u81ea\u61b2\u6cd5\u5be6\u65bd\u4e8c\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u5c24\u5176\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u540d\u8b7d\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u7b49\u6cd5\u76ca\u56e0\u6f2b\u7121\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u906d\u53d7\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u65bc\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9055\u61b2\u5be9\u67e5\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u7a2e\u5224\u65b7\u4e4b\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8861\u91cf\u4f55\u7a2e\u8a00\u8ad6\u61c9\u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f55\u7a2e\u8a00\u8ad6\u5f97\u52a0\u4ee5\u5fc5\u8981\u9650\u5236\uff08\u8a3b\u4e09\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\uff10\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u9084\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6210\u54e1\u4e2d\u9664Hugo Black\u53ca William O. Douglas\u4e8c\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7686\u8a8d\u70ba\u7325\u893b\u7269\u54c1\u975e\u524d\u8ff0\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u6240\u7a31\u4e4b\u300c\u8a00\u8ad6\u300d\u6216\u300c\u65b0\u805e\u300d\uff08\u8a3b\u56db\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5225\u7325\u893b\u6027\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\u5716\u756b\uff0c\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u662f\u5426\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bb9\u8a31\u5426\u5247\u8a00\u4eba\u4eba\u6b8a\uff0c\u96e3\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u65bc\u5be9\u7406\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u52aa\u529b\u5c0b\u6c42\u5224\u65b7\u7325\u893b\u6216\u6deb\u7a62\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6709\u6240\u8b02\uff1a\u63a1\u5730\u57df\u6a19\u6e96\u6216\u793e\u5340\u6027\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u7279\u5225\u654f\u611f\u8005\u4e4b\u611f\u53d7\u8207\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u660e\u986f\u5f15\u8d77\u6deb\u4e82\u4e4b\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u60e1\u52a3\uff0c\u5168\u7136\u6b20\u7f3a\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6216\u7121\u56b4\u8085\u4e4b\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u50f9\u503c\u7b49\u5404\u9805\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u51fa\u73fe\u5408\u4f75\u659f\u914c\u6216\u7368\u7acb\u8861\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u88c1\u5224\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u6b20\u7f3a\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u800c\u7686\u6e96\u4e4b\u6046\u4e45\u6027\u6e96\u5247\uff08\u8a3b\u4e94\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u570b\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u5982\u65af\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u570b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c0d\u7325\u893b\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e4b\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bec\u56b4\u6709\u5225\uff0c\u4e43\u5c6c\u7576\u7136\u3002\u8a66\u4ee5\u300c\u67e5\u6cf0\u840a\u592b\u4eba\u4e4b\u60c5\u4eba\u300d (Lady Chatterley\u2019s Lover)\u4e00\u66f8\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c 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\u5c24\u6709\u52dd\u8005\uff0c\u665a\u8fd1\u6240\u8b02\u524d\u885b(avantgarde 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(Gesetz uber die Verbreitungjugendgfahrdender Schriften )\uff0c\u5373\u5c6c\u53ef\u8cc7\u53c3\u8003\u4e4b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002\u672c\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4b\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\uff0c\u81ea\u6c11\u570b\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5373\u722d\u8b70\u4e0d\u65b7\u3002\u89e3\u56b4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e4b\u7981\u5fcc\u5df2\u9664\uff0c\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u5408\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4fdd\u969c\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e43\u61c9\u4e88\u91cd\u8996\u4e4b\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e0d\u5728\u672c\u4ef6\u89e3\u91cb\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u66ab\u4e14\u4e0d\u8ad6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u4ecd\u6709\u6548\u65bd\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u57fa\u65bc\u8077\u8cac\u5c0d\u7325\u893b\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e4b\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u8af8\u9069\u7528\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4f5c\u6210\u884c\u653f\u91cb\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u6f2b\u7121\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u53d6\u7de0\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u5c0d\u8c61\u70ba\u71df\u5229\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u7121\u6d89\uff0c\u6545\u672c\u5e2d\u652f\u6301\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u65bc\u9055\u61b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u591a\u6578\u610f\u898b\u3002\u60df\u63cf\u8ff0\u8272\u60c5\u6216\u6027\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\u5716\u756b\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7576\u7136\u69cb\u6210\u7325\u893b\u800c\u70ba\u6cd5\u6240\u4e0d\u8a31\uff0c\u53d6\u6368\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u5fc5\u591a\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u9580\u5b9c\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u653e\u68c4\u300c\u4f5c\u4e4b\u541b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5e2b\u300d\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u52ff\u518d\u626e\u6f14\u6307\u5c0e\u570b\u6c11\u4f55\u8005\u53ef\u95b1\u89bd\uff0c\u4f55\u8005\u61c9\u62d2\u8b80\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9808\u77e5\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u57fa\u77f3\u4e43\u5728\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u70ba\u4fe1\u8cf4\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ef0\u4ed7\u5b98\u7f72\u4e4b\u5e72\u9810\uff08\u8a3b\u4e5d\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u898f\u672a\u901a\u76e4\u6aa2\u8a0e\u4fee\u6b63\u524d\uff0c\u70ba\u6d88\u9664\u57f7\u6cd5\u4e4b\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u5b9c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u9080\u96c6\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u6cd5\u5b78\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u696d\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u4e4b\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5c0d\u767c\u751f\u722d\u8b70\u4e4b\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u5408\u65bc\u8655\u7f70\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u9010\u6848\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u4e4b\u9451\u5b9a\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u8207\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5169\u6b67\u4e4b\u60c5\u6cc1\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u985e\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5728\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u5e74\uff0c\u4f55\u8e8a\u8e87\u4e4b\u6709\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9644 \u8a3b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e00\uff1a\u6b64\u7a31\u70ba\u8a00\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7406\u8ad6(marketplace-of-ideas theory)\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Oliver W. Homes\u65bc\u4e00\u9805\u6848\u4ef6(Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616)\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u53c3\u7167\u6797\u5b50\u5100\uff0c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u65b0\u805e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u516b\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u53c3\u7167\u672c\u5e2d\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e8c\u516d\u516b\u865f\u4e4b\u5354\u540c\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff0c\u53ca\u674e\u5efa\u826f\uff0c\u8ad6\u5b78\u8853\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5927\u5b78\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4eba\u6587\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u53e2\u520a\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u516b\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e03\u4e8c\u2500\u4e8c\u516b\u4e00\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e09\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u4e4b\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u8ad6\u8005\u66fe\u4f9d\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u7a2e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u70ba\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u6027\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u7b49\u8a00\u8ad6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u6307\u5a1b\u6a02\u6027\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u6027\u3001\u5e7d\u9ed8\u6027\u7b49\u8a00\u8ad6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u985e\u70ba\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u6307\u8ab9\u8b17\u6027\u3001\u7325\u893b\u6027\u3001\u7006\u795e\u6027\u53ca\u8272\u60c5\u71df\u5229\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\u53d7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u61b2\u6cd5\u689d\u6b3e\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\u4ee5\u6709\u7121\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u9020\u6210\u300c\u660e\u986f\u800c\u7acb\u5373\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u70ba\u6e96\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u5176\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a00\u8ad6\u5247\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fdd\u969c\u70ba\u539f\u5247\u3002Cf. William B. Lockhart, Yale Kasmisar, Jesse H. Choper and Steven H. Shiffrin, Constitutional Law,7th ed.,1991, p.727. \u4e26\u53c3\u7167\u6797\u4e16\u5b97\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u516b\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u4e94\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u56db\uff1aPaul E. Johnson, Gury J. Miller, John H. Aldrich, David W. Rohde and Charles W. Ostrom, Jr., American Government,3rd ed.,1994.p.122.<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e94\uff1a\u5728\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8af8\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5Roth v. United States, 354 U.S 476 (1957), Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413(1966), Miller v. California 413 U.S. 419 (1973)\u7b49\u4e09\u6848\u6700\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4e00\u6848\u4fc2\u7e3d\u7d71\u5c3c\u514b\u68ee\u4efb\u547d\u56db\u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u9032\u5165\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f5c\u6210\uff0c\u6545\u5c0d\u7325\u893b\u4e4b\u7ba1\u5236\u81ea\u6b64\u6848\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u8f49\u8da8\u56b4\u683c\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u53c3\u7167Daniel A Farber, William N. Eskridge, Jr. and Philip P. Frickey, Cases and Materials on Constitutional Law: Themes For The Constitution\u2019s Third Century, 1993, pp.620-628. \u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u6cd5\u6cbb\u658c\uff0c\u8ad6\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u7325\u893b\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e4b\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u8f09\u65bc\u5176\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u3010\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u8ad6\u3011\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u4e03\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u2500\u4e00\u4e8c\uff10\u9801\uff1b\u6797\u4e16\u5b97\uff0c\u524d\u66f8\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u4e94\u2500\u4e00\uff10\u56db\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u516d\uff1a\u53c3\u7167\u6cd5\u6cbb\u658c\uff0c\u524d\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e09\u9801\uff1b\u8606\u90e8\u4fe1\u559c\uff08\u674e\u9d3b\u79a7\u8b6f\uff09\uff0c\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u521d\u7248\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u516b\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e03\uff1a\u53c3\u7167\u5fb7\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u61b2\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7aBVerfGE 30, 173 (183F.) BVerfGE 67, 213 (226F.)<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u516b\uff1a\u53c3\u7167\u4e0a\u958b\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7aBVerfGE, EuGRZ 1991, S.33ff.<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e5d\uff1a\u9023\u6230\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u2500\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u9801\uff1b\u4e26\u53c3\u7167\u6cd5\u6cbb\u658c\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8a3b\uff08\u516b\u5341\u56db\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u66f8 \u5927\u6cd5\u5b98 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effect) \uff08\u8a3b\u4e94\uff09\u3002 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style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u6284\u6b63\u50b3\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u9673\u660e\u7167\u8072\u8acb\u66f8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53d7\u6587\u8005\uff1a\u53f8\u6cd5\u9662<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a\u70ba\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8c\u4ef6\u78ba\u5b9a\u7d42\u5c40\u5224\u6c7a\u9069\u7528\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6709\u7274\u89f8\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7591\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f9d\u53f8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5be9\u7406\u6848\u4ef6\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u8072\u8acb\u89e3\u91cb\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u8acb\u9452\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u8072\u8acb\u89e3\u91cb\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7de3\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u6b63\u50b3\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u906d\u884c\u653f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u7d93\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u8d77\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5c0d\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7d42\u5c40\u5224\u6c7a\u6240\u9069\u7528\u4e4b\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6709\u7274\u89f8\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7591\u7fa9\uff0c\u70ba\u843d\u5be6\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u4e4b\u7acb\u6cd5\u610f\u65e8\uff0c\u7230\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u8072\u8acb\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u7591\u7fa9\u4e4b\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u7d93\u904e\uff0c\u53ca\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u689d\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u9451\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u570b\u5167\u50b3\u64ad\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u66f8\u7c4d\u9817\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u524d\u5411\u82f1\u570b\u6700\u5927\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u5718\u300cReed International\u300d\u4e4b\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u300cPaul Hamlyn \u300d\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u82f1\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300cDorlinf Kindersley \u300d\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u5225\u8cfc\u8cb7\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8457\u540d\u70ba\u300c Making Love \u300d\u53ca\u300cSensual Massage\u300d\u4e8c\u66f8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u6b0a\uff0c 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style=\"color: #800080;\">\u95dc\u4fc2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540d\u7a31\u53ca\u4ef6\u6578\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"94%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u4e00<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u65b0\u805e\u8655\uff09\u884c\u653f\u8655\u5206\u66f8\u5f71\u672c\u4e8c\u7d19\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u4e8c<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u8a34\u9858\u3001\u518d\u8a34\u9858\u6c7a\u5b9a\u66f8\u5f71\u672c\u5404\u4e8c\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u4e09<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u516b\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u5ea6\u5224\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e00\u516b\uff10\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e5d\u865f\u4e8c\u5224\u6c7a\u5f71\u672c\u4e8c\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u56db<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u884c\u653f\u9662\u65b0\u805e\u5c40\u51fd\u5f71\u672c\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u79d8\u66f8\u8655\u51fd\u5f71\u672c\u4e00\u7d19\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u4e94<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u53f0\u7063\u53f0\u5317\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u516b\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u5ea6\u6613\u5b57\u7b2c\u516b\u4e00\u516b\u56db\u865f\u5211\u4e8b\u5224\u6c7a\u5f71\u672c\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"11%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u9644\u4ef6\u516d<\/td>\n<td width=\"89%\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\u59d4\u4efb\u66f8\u4e00\u7d19\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\uff08\u9644\u4ef6\u4e09\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u884c \u653f \u6cd5 \u9662 \u5224 \u6c7a 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