\u25ce\u738b\u9053\u9084 \u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7d44
\n92\/09\/05<\/p>\n
\u9032\u884c\u300c\u524d\u984d\u9801\u5927\u8166\u5207\u9664\u8853\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u5728\u9871\u9aa8\u4e0a\u947d\u5b54\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u773c\u6846\u5f8c\u4e09\u516c\u5206\uff0f\u9874\u9aa8\u5f13\u4e0a\u516d\u516c\u5206\u3002
\n\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9
\n\u300a\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u300b\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u514b\u897f\uff08Ken Kesey, 1935-2001\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e8c\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3002\u7576\u6642\u53cd\u5efa\u5236\u3001\u53cd\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\u65b9\u8208\u672a\u827e\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e86\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u300c\u53cd\u6587\u5316\u300d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5148\u8072\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6539\u7de8\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u5287\u4e0a\u6f14\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u570b\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f03\u719f\u6089\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u7248\u7684\u3008\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u3009\uff081975\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96fb\u5f71\u3008\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u3009\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u5967\u65af\u5361\u734e\u9812\u734e\u5178\u79ae\u4e0a\u51fa\u76e1\u4e86\u92d2\u982d\uff0c\u56ca\u62ec\u6700\u4f73\u5f71\u7247\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5c0e\u6f14\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u7537\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u6539\u7de8\u5287\u672c\u7b49\u5927\u734e\uff0c\u5728\u5f71\u53f2\u4e0a\u6975\u70ba\u7f55\u898b\u3002\u5c0e\u6f14\u7c73\u6d1b\u9808\u798f\u66fc\uff08Milos Forman\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6377\u514b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u518d\u5ea6\u8d0f\u5f97\u5967\u65af\u5361\u6700\u4f73\u5f71\u7247\u8207\u6700\u4f73\u5c0e\u6f14\u734e\u7684\u3008\u963f\u746a\u8fea\u65af\u3009\uff081984\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u6545\u9109\u6377\u514b\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u3002\u7537\u4e3b\u89d2\u5091\u514b\u5c3c\u67ef\u905c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u786c\u88e1\u5b50\u6027\u683c\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5967\u65af\u5361\u734e\u4e0a\u699c\u5e38\u5ba2\u3002\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u9732\u6613\u7d72\u5f17\u840a\u96ea\uff08Louise Fletcher\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u518d\u5f97\u734e\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u7247\u5b50\u4e5f\u6c92\u5728\u570b\u5167\u4e0a\u6620\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u3002
\n
\n\u4f46\u662f\u9732\u6613\u7d72\u5f17\u840a\u96ea\u5728\u3008\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u3009\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u300c\u8b77\u7406\u9577\u300d\uff08the Big Nurse\uff09\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u5168\u7247\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u4eba\u7269\uff1b\u5979\u8c61\u5fb5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u58d3\u5236\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5091\u514b\u5c3c\u67ef\u905c\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u300d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u9001\u4ed6\u5230\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u91ab\u5e2b\u8a55\u4f30\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u4e00\u9032\u5165\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ee5\u563b\u7b11\u6012\u7f75\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5632\u5f04\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b1b\u7a76\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8b77\u7406\u9577\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5979\u975e\u5f97\u99b4\u670d\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d77\u6548\u5c24\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u552f\u6050\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u641e\u51fa\u300c\u4e00\u592b\u591c\u547c\uff0c\u4e82\u8005\u56db\u61c9\u300d\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5979\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5922\u9b58\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u6700\u4ee4\u89c0\u773e\u5fc3\u9a5a\u7684\u6232\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0d\u99b4\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u65bd\u4ee5\u96fb\u7642\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u96fb\u64ca\u6cbb\u7642\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u9ede\u5b50\u6e90\u9060\u6d41\u9577\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u3008\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u3009\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b77\u7406\u9577\u6574\u6cbb\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u7684\u7d55\u62db\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u96fb\u64ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u624b\u8853\u5200\u7834\u58de\u4ed6\u5927\u8166\u7684\u524d\u984d\u8449\u3002\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ea5\u514b\u58a8\u83f2\u7d42\u65bc\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u300d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u641e\u602a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6bc0\u8b17\u5b98\u53f8
\n\u514b\u897f\u5275\u4f5c\u300a\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u300b\u7684\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5967\u7acb\u5ca1\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u734e\u5b78\u91d1\u5230\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u5275\u4f5c\u78a9\u58eb\u73ed\u9032\u4fee\u3002\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u8cfa\u751f\u6d3b\u8cbb\uff0c\u5fd7\u9858\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u7cfb\u53c3\u52a0\u670d\u98df\u8ff7\u5e7b\u85e5\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u6821\u5340\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u69ae\u6c11\u91ab\u9662\u6253\u5de5\u3002\u300a\u98db\u8d8a\u675c\u9d51\u7aa9\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u5f8c\uff0c\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u54e1\u5de5\u51fa\u9762\u63a7\u544a\u4f5c\u8005\u5f71\u5c04\u8207\u6bc0\u8b17\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u514b\u897f\u8207\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u628a\u66f8\u4e2d\u5169\u8655\u60c5\u7bc0\u6539\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u4ed6\u7684\u78ba\u628a\u898b\u805e\u7de8\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6700\u61c9\u8a72\u51fa\u9762\u63a7\u8a34\u514b\u897f\u6bc0\u8b17\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u5728\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u9644\u8fd1\u884c\u91ab\u7684\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u91ab\u5e2b\uff08Walter Jackson Freeman, 1895-1972\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee5\u7834\u58de\u5927\u8166\u524d\u984d\u8449\u7684\u624b\u8853\u6cbb\u7642\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u91ab\u5e2b
\n\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u7576\u5e74\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u8166\u5916\u79d1\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6cbb\u7642\u5275\u50b7\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4ed669\u6b72\u5c01\u5200\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8457\u8ff0\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f\u5916\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e5d\u4e94\u9ad8\u9f61\u904e\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u51fa\u5e2d\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u7531\u6bcd\u89aa\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5b78\u6703\u5fb7\u8a9e\u3001\u6cd5\u8a9e\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\uff0c\u9084\u5b78\u7fd2\u6f14\u594f\u5927\u63d0\u7434\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u8b80\u5230\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5c07\u4f86\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u4e5f\u662f\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\uff0c\u537b\u52f8\u4ed6\u5225\u5b78\u91ab\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u89aa\u621a\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u751f\u610f\u6975\u70ba\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u5c31\u9000\u4f11\u4e86\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u4e3b\u898b\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u90a3\u4e9b\u89aa\u621a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u5546\u5f88\u7121\u8da3\u624d\u300c\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u9000\u4f11\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u50cf\u5916\u7956\u7236\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8001\u4e4b\u5c07\u81f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65bc\u662f\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u7acb\u5fd7\u5b78\u91ab\uff0c\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u8cd3\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5c31\u8b80\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u754c\u5927\u8001\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5f97\u5f88\u3002\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u9760\u5916\u7956\u7236\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u3001\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u8ddf\u96a8\u7576\u6642\u795e\u7d93\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u4eba\u7269\u9032\u4fee\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u6b72\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\uff09\u5c31\u64d4\u4efb\u9996\u90fd\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u7acb\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u83ef\u5e9c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u6c34\u6e96\u76f8\u7576\u5dee\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d7\u8058\u70ba\u55ac\u6cbb\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u8207\u55ac\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5728\u8cbb\u57ce\u8cd3\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u9662\u5be6\u7fd2\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u6975\u70ba\u8457\u8ff7\u3002\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u7e54\u6975\u6709\u689d\u7406\uff0c\u5f9e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u63a8\u65b7\u75c5\u7076\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u8003\u9a57\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u6a21\u4eff\u5176\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002\u4ed6\u8b1b\u89e3\u795e\u7d93\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5c4d\u9ad4\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u75c5\u4eba\u793a\u7bc4\uff0c\u5c0d\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u5e2b\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u6975\u5bcc\u555f\u767c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u300d\u662f\u5668\u8cea\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u62b1\u8457\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e2\u6c92\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u9f13\u5439\u4ee5\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u8208\u596e\u5291\u3001\u96fb\u6d41\u300c\u9707\u64bc\u300d\u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u56e0\u800c\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u300d\u3001\u6062\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5927\u6982\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u83ef\u5e9c\u5730\u5340\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u9707\u64bc\u300d\u7642\u6cd5\uff08shock therapy\uff09\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5728\u502b\u6566\u8209\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u570b\u969b\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u91ab\u5e2b
\n\u5230\u502b\u6566\u51fa\u5e2d\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\uff08Egas moniz, 1874-1955\uff09\u3002\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u51fa\u8eab\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u81ea\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u4ee3\u5c31\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u7559\u6821\u64d4\u4efb\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u3001\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u540c\u6642\u9084\u64d4\u4efb\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e2d\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u51fa\u4f7f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u64d4\u4efb\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u9084\u7387\u9818\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4ee3\u8868\u5718\u51fa\u5e2d\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u8461\u8404\u7259\u653f\u5c40\u52d5\u76ea\uff0c\u8ecd\u4eba\u64c1\u6234\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u6700\u5f8c\u64d4\u4efb\u7e3d\u7406\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u6b0a\u3002\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8208\u8da3\u5f9e\u6b64\u6d88\u6c88\uff0c\u5c08\u5fc3\u884c\u91ab\u8207\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u4ed6\u5df2\u4e94\u5341\u51fa\u982d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u5e38\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u8a13\u7df4\u662f\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u5b78\u7fd2\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u63a5\u53d7\u6cd5\u570b\u53cb\u4eba\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u9032\uff38\u5149\u8840\u7ba1\u9020\u5f71\u8853\uff0c\u4ee5\u62cd\u651d\u5927\u8166\u8840\u7ba1\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e03\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f35\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u7acb\u5373\u642d\u5feb\u8eca\u524d\u5f80\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u6703\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u5831\u544a\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5ba3\u50b3\u300c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u516b\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b21\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5c31\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5169\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u5728\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5beb\u7684\uff0c\u63a8\u85a6\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5be9\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6539\u9032\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u539f\u5275\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7814\u767c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u9812\u734e\u7d66\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4eba\u63a8\u85a6\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u89d2\u9010\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u4ed6\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5beb\u7684\u4fe1\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u5f88\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7372\u734e\u8cc7\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff1a\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7684\u529f\u7e3e\u5728\u6539\u9032\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u800c\u5275\u610f\u6e90\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u4e39\u5730\uff08Walter Dandy, 1886-1946\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5169\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u4e00\u8d77\u5f97\u734e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u63a8\u85a6\u4e39\u5730\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5237\u6389\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u4ee5\u5927\u8166\u8840\u7ba1\u9020\u5f71\u8853\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5169\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u4e00\u5341\u4e8c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc3\u88e1\u6709\u6578\uff0c\u6b64\u751f\u60f3\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6e3a\u832b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u570b\u969b\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5927\u6703
\n\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u516b\u6708\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u8207\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u90fd\u5230\u502b\u6566\u51fa\u5e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u570b\u969b\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5927\u6703\u3002\u5927\u6703\u7279\u5225\u70ba\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u9762\u7246\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u5340\u5c31\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9762\u7a4d\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u6f6e\u9060\u4e0d\u5982\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5927\u8166\u76ae\u8cea\u984d\u8449\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5ba3\u8b80\u5831\u544a\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u591a\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5217\u8209\u5927\u8166\u5275\u50b7\u75c5\u4eba\u8207\u5927\u8166\u624b\u8853\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u984d\u8449\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u4f5b\u9813\uff08John Fulton, 1899-1960\uff09\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u4ee5\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u4f86\u4f5b\u9813\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6709\u4e00\u982d\u96cc\u6027\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff0c\u813e\u6c23\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u66b4\u8e81\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u5408\u4f5c\u63a5\u53d7\u6e2c\u9a57\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u52d5\u4e86\u984d\u8449\u5207\u9664\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u5f88\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e86\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4f5b\u9813\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u56de\u61b6\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7576\u5834\u8d77\u7acb\u767c\u554f\uff1a\u52d5\u7269\u52d5\u4e86\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72c0\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u8868\u73fe\u6559\u4eba\u8a0e\u53ad\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u624b\u8853\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u524d\u984d\u8449\u8166\u8449\u5207\u9664\u8853
\n\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u662f\u500b\u528d\u53ca\u5c68\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u52d5\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\u8a55\u4f30\u624b\u8853\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u624b\u8853\u6cd5\uff0c\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u5c31\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u88e1\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u52d5\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u5927\u8166\u984d\u8449\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6975\u70ba\u7c97\u7cd9\uff1a\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u524d\u984d\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u5404\u947d\u4e00\u500b\u6d1e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6ce8\u5165\u7d14\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u6bba\u6b7b\u8166\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u516d\u540d\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u984d\u8449\u4e0a\u52d5\u4e86\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u516b\u540d\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ee5\u7279\u88fd\u7684\u624b\u8853\u5200\u7834\u58de\u984d\u8449\u7684\u300c\u767d\u8cea\u300d\uff08\u795e\u7d93\u7e96\u7dad\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u8853\u9444\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5b57leucotomy\uff08\u767d\u8cea\u622a\u65b7\u8853\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u8b80\u5230\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6587\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7c21\u5831\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u8a02\u8cfc\u4e86\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u9810\u5b9a\u516d\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c08\u8457\u3002\u4ed6\u8b80\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6691\u5047\u904e\u5f8c\u5c31\u8ddf\u9032\u3002\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u540d63\u6b72\u5a66\u4eba\uff0c\u5979\u4f3c\u4e4e\u60a3\u4e86\u8e81\u9b31\u75c7\uff0c\u800c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u985e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u5f8c\u6700\u4f73\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u592b\u5a66\u6c7a\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u5f97\u9001\u5979\u5230\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516d\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5a66\u4eba\u5728\u52d5\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u8b8a\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u91ab\u751f\u6703\u628a\u5979\u7684\u700f\u6d77\u5243\u6389\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u5b89\u6170\u5979\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u76e1\u529b\u7559\u4e0b\u5979\u7684\u700f\u6d77\u3002\u624b\u8853\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u5979\u7684\u700f\u6d77\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u8cea\u7591
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\u53ef\u662f\u91ab\u754c\u7684\u78ba\u5750\u8996\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u7684\u5831\u544a\u767c\u8868\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u8ddf\u9032\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u7f8e\u570b\u3002\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u9365\u800c\u4e0d\u820d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e8c\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5c08\u8457\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u300b\uff08Psychosurgery\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u75c5\u4f8b\u8207\u66f4\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8aaa\u670d\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e09\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u5bcc\u5229\u66fc\u6536\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u8acb\u4ed6\u63a8\u85a6\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u89d2\u9010\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u91ab\u734e\u7684\u4eba\u9078\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u4ed6\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u767c\u8868\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u8853\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u5acc\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u6539\u9032\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u539f\u5275\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u7a69\u56fa\u5f97\u5f88\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u5f8c\u8d77\u4e4b\u79c0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u52a9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u570b\u969b\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u5927\u6703\u5728\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5169\u767e\u591a\u4f4d\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u81ea28\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u524d\u4f86\u5411\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u81f4\u656c\u3002\u6703\u5f8c\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6536\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u63a8\u85a6\u51fd\uff0c\u63d0\u540d\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e5d\u5e74\u5341\u6708\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5ba3\u5e03\u745e\u58eb\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8d6b\u65af\uff08Walter Hess, 1881-1973\uff09\u8207\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u5206\u4eab\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u91ab\u734e\u3002\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u552f\u4e00\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u58a8\u5c3c\u8332\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u76db\u6975\u800c\u8870\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u91ab\u754c\u9010\u6f38\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u8853\u3002<\/p>\n
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